2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(附答案解析)
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
上海市2018年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析
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上海市2018年高考：英语考试真题与答案解析I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal.D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)SUN□13MON□1417 for after-class activity applicationTUE□15WED□16Handing in three student 18THU□17Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19FRI□18Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room SAT□19Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people 22with difficulties?In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part23 in decision-making.about her job?What does Sue think happiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop(29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. (B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress inyour life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experimentH. intendedI. operatedJ. soullessK. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的).When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of managementlayers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, aftera push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaninglessdrivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valu able only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
3 2018届徐汇区高三英语一模(作文有范文)
2017学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong__(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural ar eas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurrie dness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal eff ect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational beh aviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food __(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore custo mers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probablyneed _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celledor simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s origina l system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged frompuzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo.(68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fa shion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, ma king him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。
上海市徐汇区高三一模英语试题Word版含答案
上海市徐汇区高三一模英语试题Word版含答案Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will r, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.B. On the street.C. At home.D. In a cafe.B. A book sale.C. A banquet.D. An art exhibition.B. 25 minutes.D. An hour and a half.B. The train is late due to the storm.D. The woman has to wait for the train.B. She doesn’t like speaking.D. She often talks loudly.B. She doesn’t like the gift.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.B. Last summer was even hotter.D. Light was stronger this morning.B. He is doing business with Mary.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation n your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.B. Use the computer regularly.D. Print essays patiently.B. Domestic issues of general social concern.D. Conflicts among different political parties.B. Practical experience.D. Educational background.t. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the giveno they expect to find a dead grasshopper.r paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the____ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshoppere bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fie lds. What’s fun ishich season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement and could not be used for dating purposes.led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear. oking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.there is one word more than you need.payment methods.g economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risk s Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless paymentsinto the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purcha se goods with country do in fact allowconsumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ncourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the hless society would not mean that cash would completely disa ppear. “As the economy grows，loped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,”ed.h blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.ey could not _(42)_ it.ple hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments ess and impatience.”fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect . Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposedt food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the _(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fitsand unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful hors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them.igning room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placedoutside the room exhibiting us.full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake ssion, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed e that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. The couple turned ound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.r story will help us get over it.”Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge...B. successC. confidenceD. perseveranceB. cheerful and proudD. miserable and ashamedB. discounted gift cards for school itemsD. a barcode on your phone______.B. SelfControlD. LifeSite Vaultarched for ways to organize this diversity (多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish we use today.life forms.ese names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should nd one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would s to a specific organism: the domestic dog.upings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These nto genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according od of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical hings fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each parate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. Theyport no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a ose organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like on as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon producedbe used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.ildren, except one, grow up.”（67) ________rcent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged ennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.________’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the ttractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，ff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News.e tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “G rowing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowingSummary Writing60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.p if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will t comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.arily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between really hard to meet their needs whenyou’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?括：6-10 DDADB14-16 DBA 17-20 CBDB22. was being scanned 23. Looking 24. must 25. how27. to examine 28. when/before 29. which 30.ass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since future/growth. (58 words) rseas students.。
上海市徐汇区2018届高三上学期学习能力诊断(一模)英语试题(附答案精品)
2017学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees,when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French paintingcollection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, a nd then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, h ave come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global。
上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版 精品
2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。
18上海高考英语真题试题上海市18年高考英语试题和参考答案与解析{作文类}
年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共小题。
每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第段材料，回答第、题。
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每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷(解析版)
2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30 分） A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）：（6分）1．（6分）1．2．3．4．5．6．B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）：（8分）2．（1分）A．On the radioB．In the newspaperC．In the magazineD．On the Internet3．（1分）A．At 2：50B．At 2：30C．At 2：10D．At 2：004．（1分）A．Room 503B．Room 305C．Room 304D．Room 3035．（1分）A．Every dayB．Once a weekC．Once a monthD．Twice a month6．（1分）A．RedB．WhiteC．BlueD．Black7．（1分）A．In a libraryB．In a department storeC．In a bankD．In a hospital8．（1分）A．A salesmanB．A lawyerC．An architectD．A journalist9．（1分）A．This is the best book she has ever read B．She doen't like the book at allC．She thinks there is a book better than this D．She prefers the movie to the bookC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“ T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：（6分）10．（5分）15．Some Chinese are complaining about western holidays on radio．16．In China，young people prefer western holidays to traditional Chinese holidays．17．Chinese New Year is the time for children to get presents and free candy．18．Generally，people of all ages can have fun in the activity of pumpkin carving．19．Some of Chinese traditions in holidays are out﹣of﹣date to young people．20．The reporter thinks all holiday traditions must remain the same as before．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：（10分）11．（5分）21．101﹣year﹣old Irene O' Shea from recently jumped out a．22．During the skydiving，Ms．O'Shea was at the speed of per hour．23．O' Shea did the adventure to for some disease research．24．Her daughter died from the disease ago．25．The skydive was amazing and O' Shea was to doing another one．二、Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20 分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A．rest B．mention C．result D．mess13．（1分）The young engineer solved the problem in ________ unusual way．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/14．（1分）Some young parents are unaware ______ the danger of giving their babies smartphones．（）A．with B．for C．in D．of15．（1分）There were 22medical service areas ________ the route in 2017ShanghaiMarathon．（）A．along B．with C．through D．across16．（1分）In the park，visitors will be able to discover for ________ the roots of the city's culture．（）A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs17．（1分）When the boy lost his balance，the skateboard went one way and he went _______﹣．（）A．the other B．others C．other D．the others18．（1分）I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning．（）A．traffic B．accidents C．passengers D．people19．（1分）Thanks to the high technology，computers can be _______ than doctors at doing their job．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best20．（1分）This is _______ robot I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition．（）A．intelligent B．more intelligentC．most intelligent D．the most intelligent21．（1分）The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009．（）A．begins B．beganC．was beginning D．has begun22．（1分）According to the sports news，the Rugby World Cup _________ in France in 2023．（）A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held23．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_________ is it from your home to the nearest public library？About twenty minutes' ride．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon24．（1分）You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand．（）A．ask B．asked C．asking D．to ask25．（1分）With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online in China．（）A．pay B．paid C．paying D．to pay26．（1分）Tim _______ a detective story written by Arthur Conan Doyle thistime yesterday．（）A．read B．reads C．was reading D．is reading27．（1分）According to the traffic rules，kids under 12 ________ ride bikes on the road．（）A．may not B．mustn't C．couldn't D．needn't28．（1分）My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening．（）A．so B．if C．though D．when29．（1分）There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？（）A．are there B．aren't there C．don't they D．do they30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hello，Jenny，you look busy．Anything I can do for you？_______ I can manage myself．（）A．Not at all B．I'm afraid notC．Thank you all the same D．All right31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣________﹣．﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．（）A．I have been chosen secretary of the Students' UnionB．I've got a birthday gift from my parents．C．I am planning to spend my holiday in ThailandD．I can't attend your party because of my bad cold．三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）32．（4分）Of the coast of Xiamen in Fujian province，Kulangsu is no longer an ordinary Chinese village．On July 8，it was（46）in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》）．It makes China the country with the second most World Heritages Sites in the world with 52．The island might be small，but it's （47）to many big﹣name musicians；among them are pianist Xu Feiping and violinist Yang Jing．It also has the highest per capita（人均）ownership of pianos in China．Therefore，it is called China's "Piano Island．""Western classical instruments rarely（48）in China before the end of the mid ﹣1800s，" explain Robin Goldstein，tourism spokesperson for Kulangu．" Kulangsu used to be a place for Westerners to live and work．Thus they brought （49）from Europe．As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music．"33．（4分）The largest in the world ﹣﹣﹣﹣and the only one in China ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣the Gulangyu Piano Museum is hard to miss，thanks to an eye﹣catching figure that looks like piano keys．Inside，more than 100shining pianos，（50） a precious old﹣plated piano and an antique（古董的）hand piano，provide the island's musical heritage．The tiny island is （51）free of cars and bikes，except the tourist trolleys （电车）．Then there are the 19th﹣century buildings of（52）style and leafy seaside footpath．The beaches of Kulangsu might not be the same as the Philippines"，but they're very clan﹣﹣﹣﹣with white sand and palm trees．The highest point on the island offers（53）of the island's read rooftops andof downtown Xiamen across the river．Climbing to its top is great in the evening because the crowds are thinner，and you can watch the sunset and skyline of Xiamen begin to twinkle．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）：（共8分）34．（1分）The after﹣sales services department is on the floor of the building．（five）35．（1分）It's dangerous to tell you information to other online．（person）36．（1分）The couple have shot a number of during their honeymoon trip．（photo）37．（1分）Next month Anna will work as a volunteer to offer help to the community．（she）38．（1分）Don't with Mr．Li when he is in bad temper．（argument）39．（1分）In a survey，28percent of consumers were bored with online sales．（recently）40．（1分）The story Beauty and the Beast is known among kids all over the world．（wide）41．（1分）In this task，thinking is required as well as team work among the group．（depend）五、Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）：（共14分）42．（1分）Mr．Smith held a magazine in his hand on the way back home．（改为一般疑问句）Mr．Smith a magazine in his hand on the way back home？43．（1分）The top singing star's set up his own charity to help those in need．（对划线部分提问）the pop singing star set up to help those in need？44．（1分）The policemen took the injured students to the hospital at once．（改为被动句）The injured students to the hospital at once．45．（1分）I didn't copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer．（改为句意基本相同）I didn't copy the papers because the printer．46．（1分）Tony asked his mum，"How will we spend the Spring Festiva？"（改为宾语从句）Tony asked his mum how spend the Spring Festival．47．（1分）Mandarin，the Chinese language，is important to Chinese culture．（改为感叹句）Mandarin，the Chinese language，is to Chinese culture!48．（1分）without，one，a student card，is not allowed，showing ，to enter the hall（连词成句）六、Reading comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50分）A. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12 分）49．（5分）Star Cruises offer exciting new choices to escape the winter coldAfter its Golden Sea Route journey to Japan this summer，Superstar Virago will start brand new winter routes from November 30，2017to February 28，2018for customers．This is the time to escape from the cold weather in Shanghai．The new routes will have seven popular destinations across the East Pacific Ocean．It provides a variety of winter travel choices．Shanghai Wusonkou International Cruise Terminal will continue to be the homeport．"As a leader in the Asia﹣Pacific cruise market，Star Cruises has always been developing great experiences for their guests．The four well﹣designed winter routes will show landmark scenery from Osaka and Okinawa，Japan to Manila and Laoag in the Philippines．To cater to customers' desires for popular destinations，and their different holiday plans，the four new routes are aimed at helping guests findnew and exciting locations and allow them to enjoy an unforgettable holiday．Scan to explore more service information on iDEALShanghai．com69．From the advertisement，we can see is the name of the cruise to Japan．A．Golden SeaB．Superstar ViragoC．East PacificD．Asia Pacific70．There are popular destination according to the new routes．A．fourB．sixC．sevenD．eight71．The homeport of the new winter routes is still in．A．Wusongkou，ShanghaiB．Osaka，JapanC．Okinawa's，JapanD．Manila，the Philippines72．The customers on the cruise trip can do the following EXCEPT．A．enjoy an unforgettable holiday．B．see beautiful scenery along the routeC．escape the cold winter days in ShanghaiD．drive the cruise ship across the East Pacific Ocean73．The underlined phrase "cater to "means﹣．A．meetB．exploreC．considerD．recognize74．If you want to know more about such kind of service，you can．A．visit the office iDEALShanghaiB．make a photo call to iDEALShanghaiC．write a letter to iDEALShanghaiD．search the website iDEALShanghai．com50．（12分）Around 80examples of failed products，business and ideas are showed in the newly opened museum in Sweden．It is to celebrate modern history's（75）designs ﹣﹣﹣from Coca﹣Cola Blak，a coffee﹣inspired drink，to Bic pens made just for women．Besides showing long﹣forgotten failure，founder Dr．Samuel West is on a task to help us learn from our mistakes．Samuel set up the museum after growing （76）success stories．He said understanding bad design could be more valuable than（77）good design．"Most of all creative projects fail，and learning is the only way to turn failure into success．" according to the museum's website．"I hope that visitors take home two （78）：that failure is connected with success，and that they should understand the importance of learning from failure，" said Dr．West．"The purpose of the museum is to show that creativity requires failure，" Dr．West said as he introduced some of the products in a video．"If you are afraid of failure，then you can't create．" So the organizations will not ignore（无视）them and pretend they （79）happened．Many of the museum's items were available online．West believed that （80）products have little in common with one another．One of the items，for example，is a frozen beef lasagna（意式千层面）made by Colgate（Yes，the company that makes toothpaste）．West described this as a classical case of "brand extension failure．"A collection of nine objects from the museum is our tour．The traveling collection of failures will then visit Los Angeles，New York，Shanghai and Tokyo in 2018and 2019．History may be written by the winners，but we should not ignore the losers．At least，that's wha the Museum of Failure wants us to believe．75．A．best B．cheapest C．worst D．easiest 76．A．satisfied with B．tired of C．keen on D．surprisedat 77．A．copying B．printing C．imaging D．making 78．A．stories B．bargains C．tools D．messages 79．A．always B．never C．sometimes D．usually80．A．poorly﹣designed B．well﹣designedC．carefully﹣designedD．newly﹣designed51．（14分）在短文的空格中填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给Augie Dobson， a 9﹣year﹣old American boy is prud of his ability to speak Chinese．He has been studying the language for three year from Shanghai Community International School．Augie is one of a group of three and took part in a drama performance competition．It was organized to e（81）overseas students to understand Chinese culture．Their play is based on Tang Dynasty （618﹣907）poet He Zhizhang's " Hui Xiang Ou Shu，" L（82），the play got the second prize at yesterday's ceremony．" Hui Xiang Ou Shu" means writing something after returning home．It describes an old man who left his hometown at a young age but feels like a s （83）when he returns a couple of years later．Mrs Sun，a Chinese teacher in school said she tries to teach her pupils to sing and dance to the poem．"Children are interested in singing poems rather than just reciting t（84）．Students at Shanghai Community International School now learn an ancient poem every day．"It's difficult b （85）I ‘m trying to remember，" said Augie．The first prize went to drama "Kong Cheng Ji，" performed by students at Dulwich College Shanghai．Kong Cheng Ji，tells of Zhuge liang during the Three Kingdoms period （220﹣280）．He had no army to protect and guard the city but m（86）to make the enemy's leader Sima Yi believe that the city was full of traps and ambushes（埋伏）．As a result，Sima gave up．Li Zihao，9，plays Sima in the drama．Li is a fan of chengyu，Chinese four﹣character idioms（四字成语）．"I've downloaded an app about telling stories with chengyu，and he loves it．I think chengyu is a very s（87）and important parts of Chinese culture．Four words alone can mean a lot，and chengyu shows the great wisdom of old Chinese people．" said his mother．52．（12分）"Mom，I dreamed about you all night．I dreamt that you had come back to me，but I know you are gone……" says a post﹣80s girl named Lulu in a Sina Weibo post．Lulu has been " talking " to her deceased（已故的）mother through her microblog for the past four years．Her act has moved millions of Chinese netizens，Xinhua reported last Tuesday．The girl from Shenyang posted the first to her mother on June，2012，just over a week，after her mother passed away．" I will keep talking to you until I leave the world．" Lulu wrote．Since then，she has kept updating her post almost every day，expressing how she misses her mother and also shares exciting or sad moments of her daily life．Lulu said it's her way to "keep in touch" with her mother，as she used to talk with her three to four time a day when she was alive．During the past four years，she has posted over 1，200messages and got 86，583followers so far．One internet user said，" Every tweet moves me to tears，and thank you for reminding more people to cherish（珍惜）each day we have with our mother．" Another said this was the most touching microblog ever．Lulu said she was pleased that her microblog made more people realize their filial（子女的）duties and she hopes young people could take more time to be with their parents．88．Where did Lulu write letters to her deceased mother，in Sina Weibo or Xinhua Daily？89．When did Lulu post the first message to her mother？90．How often did Lulu use to talk to her mother when she was alive？91．How many followers has Lulu got in the past four years？92．After reading the blogs，what did some people think of it？93．What can people get from Lulu's blog？七、Writing （作文）：（共20分）53．（20分）Write at least 60words on the topic" My happy moment with"请以"和我的快来时光"为题写一篇不少于60词的短文．你的家人，朋友，物件或是你的某项爱好与活动曾经给你留下了幸福开心的时刻．请选取一个角度，描写你和他（它）幸福快乐的瞬间．（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分，标点符号不占格）The following is for reference only （以下表述仅供参考）communicate with…..，share with…．，learn from ……，enjoy，relax2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30 分） A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）：（6分）1．（6分）1．F2．H3．D4．C5．B6．G【分析】略【解答】FHDCBGB. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）：（8分）2．（1分）A．On the radioB．In the newspaperC．In the magazineD．On the Internet【分析】略【解答】D3．（1分）A．At 2：50B．At 2：30C．At 2：10D．At 2：00【分析】略【解答】A4．（1分）A．Room 503B．Room 305C．Room 304D．Room 303【分析】略【解答】B5．（1分）A．Every dayB．Once a weekC．Once a monthD．Twice a month【分析】略【解答】C6．（1分）A．RedB．WhiteC．BlueD．Black【分析】略【解答】C7．（1分）A．In a libraryB．In a department storeC．In a bankD．In a hospital【分析】略【解答】B8．（1分）A．A salesmanB．A lawyerC．An architectD．A journalist【分析】略【解答】D9．（1分）A．This is the best book she has ever readB．She doen't like the book at allC．She thinks there is a book better than thisD．She prefers the movie to the book【分析】略【解答】AC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“ T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：（6分）10．（5分）15．Some Chinese are complaining about western holidays on radio．略16．In China，young people prefer western holidays to traditional Chinese holidays．略17．Chinese New Year is the time for children to get presents and free candy．略18．Generally，people of all ages can have fun in the activity of pumpkin carving．略19．Some of Chinese traditions in holidays are out﹣of﹣date to young people．略20．The reporter thinks all holiday traditions must remain the same as before．略【分析】略【解答】略D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：（10分）11．（5分）21．101﹣year﹣old Irene O' Shea from略recently jumped out a 略．22．During the skydiving，Ms．O'Shea was at the speed of略per hour．23．O' Shea did the adventure to略for some disease research．24．Her daughter died from the disease略ago．25．The skydive was amazing and O' Shea was略to doing another one．【分析】略【解答】略二、Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20 分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A．rest B．mention C．result D．mess【分析】找出下列单词中的划线部分与其他三项不一样的选项．【解答】答案：C．rest的音标是[rest]；mention的音标是['menʃ（ə）n]；result的音标是[rɪ'zʌlt]；mess的音标是[mes]；因此可知result中的划线部分与其他三项不一样，故选C．13．（1分）The young engineer solved the problem in ________ unusual way．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【分析】这个年轻的工程师用一个不寻常的方法解决了这个问题．【解答】答案：B．a ，an，the．三者都是冠词．a，an 是不定冠词，表泛指，译为"一个"，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，表特指．译为"这个，那个，这些，那些"，用一个不同的方法，表泛指，"一个"用不定冠词，因unusual是以元音音素开头的单词，所以空格用an．由题干"这个年轻的工程师用一个不寻常的方法解决了这个问题．"可知，故答案选择B．14．（1分）Some young parents are unaware ______ the danger of giving their babies smartphones．（）A．with B．for C．in D．of【分析】一些年轻的父母不知道给他们的婴儿智能手机的危险．【解答】答案：D．考查介词．A和．B为了．C在…里．D属于．句意"一些年轻的父母不知道给他们的婴儿智能手机的危险．"．be unaware of不知道、不注意．固定搭配．选D．15．（1分）There were 22medical service areas ________ the route in 2017Shanghai Marathon．（）A．along B．with C．through D．across【分析】2017上海马拉松沿途有22个医疗服务区．【解答】答案：A．考查介词．A沿着．B和．C穿过．D穿过．结合语境"2017上海马拉松__途有22个医疗服务区．"．可知，应该是"沿着"．选A．16．（1分）In the park，visitors will be able to discover for ________ the roots of the city's culture．（）A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs【分析】在公园里，游客将能够自己发现城市文化的根源．【解答】答案：C．考查反身代词．A他们，宾格．B他们的，形容词性物主代词．C他们自己，反身代词．D他们的，形容词性物主代词．结合语境"在公园里，游客将能够___发现城市文化的根源．"．可知，应该是"亲自、他们自己"，选C．17．（1分）When the boy lost his balance，the skateboard went one way and he went _______﹣．（）A．the other B．others C．other D．the others【分析】当那个男孩失去平衡时，滑板走了一条路，他走了另一条路．【解答】答案：A．考查词汇用法．the other（两个中）另一个．others相当于other+复数名词，泛指"另外几个"，"其余的"．other其它的，通常加名词．the others 是the other的复数，指两个部分或两部分人中的另一个部分．one…the other…"一个…另一个…"，固定搭配．选A．18．（1分）I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning．（）A．traffic B．accidents C．passengers D．people【分析】由于今天早上的交通拥挤，所以我上学迟到了．【解答】答案：A．根据"I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning"结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"由于今天早上的交通拥挤，所以我上学迟到了．"traffic意思是"交通"accidents意思是"事故"passengers意思是"乘客"people意思是"人们"．故选A．19．（1分）Thanks to the high technology，computers can be _______ than doctors at doing their job．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best【分析】多亏了高科技，电脑要比医生在做工作方面做的更好．【解答】答案：C．根据关键词than，因此可知这个句子要用形容词的比较级，因此可知这句话的意思是"多亏了高科技，电脑要比医生在做工作方面做的更好．"故选C．20．（1分）This is _______ robot I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition．（）A．intelligent B．more intelligentC．most intelligent D．the most intelligent【分析】这是我在这次机器人展览中曾经看过的最智能的机器人．【解答】答案：D．根据"I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition"这是一个表示比较的范围，形容词的最高级要有一个表示比较的范围，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"这是我在这次机器人展览中曾经看过的最智能的机器人．"故选D．21．（1分）The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009．（）A．begins B．beganC．was beginning D．has begun【分析】在2009年世界上最大的电子商务公司开始举办单身日购物庆典．【解答】答案：B．根据The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009，这里in 2009是一个过去的时间，句子时态是一般过去时．故选B．22．（1分）According to the sports news，the Rugby World Cup _________ in France in 2023．（）A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held【分析】据体育新闻报道，世界杯橄榄球赛将于2023在法国举行．【解答】答案：D．根据句中的时间状语in 2023要用一般将来时，其构成是will + do，再根据句中的主语the Rugby World Cup 和所给的动词hold之间是被动关系，可知要用一般将来时的被动语态．构成will be+动词的过去分词．故选D．23．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_________ is it from your home to the nearest public library？About twenty minutes' ride．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon【分析】从你家到最近的公共图书馆有多远？骑车大约二十分钟．【解答】答案：C．考查距离．句意：从你家到最近的公共图书馆有多远？骑车大约二十分钟．A．How often多久一次，提问频度；B．How long多久，提问时间；C．How far多远，提问距离；D．How soon多久，提问时间．根据题干About twenty minutes' ride．可知问的是距离．故选C．24．（1分）You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand．（）A．ask B．asked C．asking D．to ask【分析】你最好在课堂上提问，因为有些事情你不能理解．【解答】答案：A．根据You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand，可知这里had better表示最好，后面跟动词原形．故选A．25．（1分）With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online in China．（）A．pay B．paid C．paying D．to pay【分析】在中国，在互联网+业务中，对我们来说在线支付很受欢迎【解答】答案：D．根据With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online in China．可知这里考查it's popular for sb to do sth表示某人做某事是受欢迎的．故选D．26．（1分）Tim _______ a detective story written by Arthur Conan Doyle thistime yesterday．（）A．read B．reads C．was reading D．is reading【分析】蒂姆昨天这个时候正在读一本由亚瑟•柯南•道尔写的侦探小说．【解答】答案：C．过去进行时表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态．其构成是：was/were+现在分词．根据时间状语this time yesterday，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"蒂姆昨天这个时候正在读一本由亚瑟•柯南•道尔写的侦探小说"．故选C．27．（1分）According to the traffic rules，kids under 12 ________ ride bikes on the road．（）A．may not B．mustn't C．couldn't D．needn't【分析】根据交通规则，12岁以下的孩子不允许在马路上骑车．【解答】答案：B．考查情态动词．A可能不．B不允许．C不应该．D不需要．结合语境"根据交通规则，12岁以下的孩子__在马路上骑车．"．可知，应该是"不允许"，选B．28．（1分）My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening．（）A．so B．if C．though D．when【分析】我母亲对足球不感兴趣，所以她昨天晚上没有看电视现场直播的比赛．【解答】答案：A．so因此；if如果；though虽然；when什么时候．根据My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening，可知我母亲对足球不感兴趣，所以她昨天晚上没有看电视现场直播的比赛．这里用so．故选A．29．（1分）There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？（）A．are there B．aren't there C．don't they D．do they【分析】有不少顾客在新购物中心购物，是吗？【解答】答案：B．根据There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？可知这里考查there be结构的反义疑问句，前面是肯定的，后面就用否定的，这里用的是there be结构，反义疑问句也还用there be．故选B30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hello，Jenny，you look busy．Anything I can do for you？_______ I can manage myself．（）A．Not at all B．I'm afraid notC．Thank you all the same D．All right【分析】﹣﹣你好，詹妮，你看起来很忙．我能为你做点什么吗？﹣﹣还是谢谢你，我自己能应付的．【解答】答案：C．考查情景对话．A没关系．B恐怕不行．C还是谢谢你．D好吧．结合语境"﹣﹣你好，詹妮，你看起来很忙．我能为你做点什么吗？﹣﹣___，我自己能应付的．"，可知，应该是"还是谢谢你"，选C．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣________﹣．﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．（）A．I have been chosen secretary of the Students' UnionB．I've got a birthday gift from my parents．C．I am planning to spend my holiday in ThailandD．I can't attend your party because of my bad cold．【分析】﹣﹣我不能参加你的聚会，因为我得了重感冒．﹣﹣听到这事我很难过．【解答】答案：D．考查情景对话．A我被选为学生会秘书．B我收到了父母给我的生日礼物．C我计划在泰国度假．D我不能参加你的聚会，因为我得了重感冒．结合语境"听到这事我很难过．"，可知，应该说"我不能参加你的聚会，因为我得了重感冒．"，选D．三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）32．（4分）Of the coast of Xiamen in Fujian province，Kulangsu is no longer an ordinary Chinese village．On July 8，it was（46）B in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》）．It makes China the country with the second most World Heritages Sites in the world with 52．The island might be small，but it's （47）E to many big﹣name musicians；among them are pianist Xu Feiping and violinist Yang Jing．It also has the highest per capita（人均）ownership of pianos in China．Therefore，it is called China's "Piano Island．""Western classical instruments rarely（48）D in China before the end of the mid ﹣1800s，" explain Robin Goldstein，tourism spokesperson for Kulangu．" Kulangsu used to be a place for Westerners to live and work．Thus they brought （49）A from Europe．As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music．"【分析】文章介绍了鼓浪屿被记录在《世界遗产名录》，这个岛屿是中国最早演奏和听到西方古典音乐的地方之一．【解答】BEDA46．B 考查动词，根据On July 8，it was…in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》），结合选项，推出句意：在七月八日，它被收录在《世界遗产名录》里，故选B．47．E 考查名词，根据The island might be small，but it's…to many big﹣name musicians，结合选项，推出句意：这个岛可能很小，但是它是很多大名鼎鼎音乐家的故乡，故选E．48．D 考查形容词，根据Western classical instruments rarely…in China before the end of the mid﹣1800s，结合选项，推出句意：在19世纪中期的末期，西方乐器很少在中国存在，时态为一般过去时，故选D．49．A 考查名词，根据Thus they brought…from Europe，结合后文As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music，推出句意：他们从欧洲带来了文化，所以鼓浪屿成为中国最早播放和聆听西方古典音乐的地方之一，故选A．33．（4分）The largest in the world ﹣﹣﹣﹣and the only one in China ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣the Gulangyu Piano Museum is hard to miss，thanks to an eye﹣catching figure that looks like piano keys．Inside，more than 100shining pianos，（50）E a precious old﹣plated piano and an antique（古董的）hand piano，provide the island's musical heritage．The tiny island is （51）D free of cars and bikes，except the tourist trolleys（电车）．Then there are the 19th﹣century buildings of（52）C style and leafy seaside footpath．The beaches of Kulangsu might not be the same as the Philippines"，but they're very clan﹣﹣﹣﹣with white sand and palm trees．The highest point on the island offers（53）A of the island's read rooftops and of downtown Xiamen across the river．Climbing to its top is great in the evening because the crowds are thinner，and you can watch the sunset and skyline of Xiamen begin to twinkle．【分析】文章介绍了鼓浪屿的景点特色和景区设备．【解答】EDCA50．E 考查副词，根据more than 100 shining pianos，结合后文a precious old ﹣plated piano and an antique（古董的）hand ，可知后文是对前文进一步解释，。
上海徐汇区2018年高三一模-英语
2017学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets inthe masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said theydiscovered the dead i nsect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outsid e, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating pur poses.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. concernsB. illegalC. circulationD. recommendedE. launchedF. conductingG. witnessing H. innovation I. emphasized J. regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establi shment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of caus ing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subw ay, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organiz ational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving t ime gets activated upon exposure to fast food __(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at a ll.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most insp iring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding rig ht after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple tu rned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our s on committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, hewill probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group oforganisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification c onsisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adul ts are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have pa ssed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves nooutward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。
上海市徐汇区2018届高三一模英语试题+Word版含答案
Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The mail is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators (管理员) dream of finding (21) ________ (hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster th at she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23) ________ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we t hink of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25) ________ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ________ (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) ________ (examine) the grasshopper fu rther. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) ________ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) ________ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released _(31)_ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent _(32)_ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden,Denmark and Singapore are also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and _(34)_.Alibaba’s Hema store, w here customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods wit h cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also _(36)_ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused _(37)_ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong _(38)_ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would comple tely disappear. “As the economy grows，the _(39)_ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, i t’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became _(41)_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _(42)_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _(43)_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the _(44)_ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have die unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and i mpatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _(45)_ for time-saving products. “More _(46)_, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _(47)_ over greater future return, fina lly harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what t hey were but the subliminal effect was _(48)_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _(49)_ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _(52)_ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _(54)_ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _(55)_ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.”I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation，I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing，I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the w ay they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it，” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that _________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide ________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need ________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modem applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modem classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the gents (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiari s, we know that the namerefers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classifi cation consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modem taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protests?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. the Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”（67) ________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century a r e channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68) ________According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playf u l side of life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69) _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymor e”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70) ________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowing up is optional.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past wit hout comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtfu l criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”）and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs w h en you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse (虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案已经校对)(20200223154055)
One【2018届上海市虹口区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-t hree years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “g leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is aman whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time,Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partnershad only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module(登月舱)was approaching the moon’s surface, thecomputer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it wasan unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touchedthe ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. Butas never a concern to me because IArmstrong responded with a chuckle(轻声笑), saying: “It wknew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gaveievement. He stopped giving his signatures wheninterviews and didn’t like talking about his achhe found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger(记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he feltknowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the ag e of 82, but he will be remembered. “The nexttime you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of NeilArmstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.Keys: 56-59: C D D BTwo【2018届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of mill ennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationshipwith peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growingdesire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from anyother TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words,the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosityof looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as ifwe truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in-writing of theadvance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re script（剧本）and there’s no turning back –this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award forbest director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the filmfollows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when hefinished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child geniu He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likesriding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to lookunderneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.coming-of-age” stories because __________.58. Audience are interested in “A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big storyKeys: 56-59 DDBAThree【2018届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comesto mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims thathis unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job,and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night orpregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpfulKeys: 56-59 ADDBFour【2018届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Companies Take Punitive Steps Against Smoker ,Overweight Workers(By Tim Jones)Get ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals,junk food and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking at-least if you intend to have a job and health insurance.The rule of the workplace are changing and personal behavior and lifestyle habits -those unrelated to what you do at work are -now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs.If you smoke ,you may not get hired and you could get fired,If you cholesterol is too high,youcan pay higher premiums for you insurance .The same goes for blood pressure and body mass.The requirement accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance ,as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept.I started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals .If nicotine is found ,applicants will not be hired.We -yco Inc,a company based in Lansing,Michigan,drew national attention in 2005 when itfired four employees who used tobacco .We-yco performs random testing every 3 months ,usuallyof about 30 employees .Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels .If the reading is high ,employees are required to take a urine test.If they fail the urinalysis twice ,they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employees have put in place inspiration for their workers to live healthier lifestyles,the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who do not satisfy medical or behavioral requirements.But punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace,according to lawyer and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are double-digit rates annually.Gray Climes ,vice president of Meritain Health Michigan ,which now owns We-yco, notedthat firings did not violate Michigan law and that 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have ,over time ,accepted the rules . It really comes down to a personal choice as far as you want to be employe d here.”Climes said .Climes said that since 2005,when we-yco made the wellness policy that includes that the smoking ban ,health insurance costs have increased by 2 percent ayear,well below the national average.56.What is the author’s advice on getting employed?A. Paying high er premiums of health insurance.B. Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk foodC. Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D. Studying hard and knowing more about the company.57.The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean .A. enrichingB. recoveringC. protectingD. invading58.We-yco Ine,drew national attention in 2005 because .A. four of its employees were fired just for smokingB. four of its employees violated Michigan lawC. Its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. A device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels59.What is the most probable title of this passage?A. Health insurance costs are increasingB. urine tests are required for every employeeC. most of the employer get tough on healthD. employees are provided with good health careKeys:66-59 BDACFive【2018届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The differen between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more timesthan unsuccessful people.” I personallyexperienced the wisdom of that understanding right aftermy first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customerslining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, Iwas put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside theroom exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As eachminute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like neverbefore in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm everyday, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading intomy clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes andthen whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’-aged couple walked intobig joke. At t hat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middlethe room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There wassomething different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But Ididn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife.She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing ithad served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my bookcaught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keepme moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives aremade all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means 59. By saying “that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writingKEYS: 56-59 DCCBSix【2018届上海市闵行区高三英语一模】Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Korean Americans at GBS High SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States.It is an award-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific. American students-over 17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percentof the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Koreanidentity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude.Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I wasmissing out on new experiences and challenges.Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white cultureis that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. Ifeel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really understand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude?A. She feels that her white friends don’t rea lly understand herB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.。
2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模(附答案解析)
WORD 格式WORD 格式整理版2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语 试卷（满分 140分，考试时间120 分钟）2017.12考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions : In Section A, you will hear ten shor t conversations between twospeakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be askedabout whatwas said. The conversation s and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a conversation and the question about it, read the fourpossible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.D. An art 2. A. Aconcert.B. A book sale.C. A banquet. exhibitio n. B. 25 3. A. 50 minutes.minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.B. The train is late due to the 4. A. The train will arrive on time. storm.D. The woman has to wait for the C. The woman will take the next train.trai n. A. She talks too 5. much.B. She doesn ’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.B. Last summer was even hotter. D. Light was stronger this morning.WORD格式A. She doesn ’t want to havea6. birthday party. B. She doesn ’t like the gift.D. She doesn ’tw ant to growC. She wants to forget herbirthday. old.7. A. The woman doesn ’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.A. The summer this year is terribly8. hot.C. Hot weather helps peoplelose weight.学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.D. He didn ’t want to ask Mary toC. He was not a man of his word. the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第1页/ 共17 页WORD格式学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be readtwice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decidewhich one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.B. Use thecomputer15.A. Consult him frequently. regularly.D. Print essaysC. Occupy the computer early. patiently.B. Facilities ofa16.A. Micro-computer lab service. college.D. The operatingofC. The use of micro-computers. printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.WORD格式17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版18. A. Current trends in economicdevelopment.B. Domestic issues ofgeneralsocial concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts amongdifferent political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants toknow.B. By interviewing people who havestories.C. By analyzing the current socialproblems.第2页/共17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors ’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience ’s feedback.D. Educational background.II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirection s:Afterreading the passagebelow, fillintheblanksto makethepassage coherent andgrammatically correct.Forthe blanks witha givenword,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; forthe other blanks,use one word that best fits eachblank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators ( 管理员 ) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do theyexpect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in KansasCity said they discovered the dead insect in one of its starpaintings, Vincent van Gogh ’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she foundit in the work ’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with themicroscope ， I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint,so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields.WORD格式What’s fun is t hat we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint. ”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect ’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on theartist ’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self- mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting tosee (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in thebox. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第3 页/ 共17 页B. C. E.launched F.A. concerns illegal circulation D. recommended conductingG. H. I. J.witnessing innovation emphasized regulations K. criticismsExperts agree that it is becoming a growingtrendthat more and more consumersacross the country are using cashless payment methods.Infact, as early as 1988,the StateCouncil released__(31)__ to encourage banktransfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward acashless societycould“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent__(32)__ activities such as money laundering ( 洗钱 ), ” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow atChongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told theGlobalTimes.But China is not the first countryto seek a cashless society. Developed stateslike Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase ofcashless payment.The rapi development of cashless payments does no mean there are no challenge andWORD格式d t s__(34)__.Al ibaba ’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goodsfor deliveryfrom their mobile phones, have come into thespotlightrecently. Media reports saidthat consumers can ’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema storesin the countrydo infact allow consumers to pay in cash.She noted that Hema storesimply__(35)__consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.学习好帮手WORD 格式WORD 格式整理版Alipay and WeChatPay, the nation ’ s two major third-party mobil e payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for theestablishment of a “cashless society ”,which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still veryhuge, ” noted Dong.“Also, it ’s important to remember that nearly half of China ’spopulation lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and thereforeis not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet, ” Dong said. “And when it comes to China ’s senior citizens ，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life, ” he added.III. ReadingComprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four wordsor phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short oftime, a new studyclaims.Student s in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the log o ofburger chainMcDonald ’s so quickly on screen that theycould not __(42)__ it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal ( 潜 意识的 ) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whetherthey are pushedfor time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causinghurriednessand impatience. ”Thinkin g about fas t food increases __(45)__ for time- saving products. “More__(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people ’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater futureret urn, finally harming their economicinterest. ”Studen t volunteers were quickly shown six logo s from fast-food chains —McDonald ’s,Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy ’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were bu t the sublimina l effect was __(48)__. Their readingWORD 格式speed was measured before and aft er seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincaretreatments rathe r than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amountin a week ’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed tothe brands.Researche r Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professo r of organizational behaviour at Canada ’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of timeefficiencyand immediate __(51)__. ” The problem is that the goal of savin g time gets activated upon exposure to fastfood学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the cont ext. “__(53)__, walking fasteris time- efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it ’s a sign of impatiencewhen one is taking a walk in the park. ”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling ( 狼吞虎咽 ) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no__(55)__ at all. ”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness D. with52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of respect toA. In otherB. On the53.words contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful peoplefail many more times than unsuccessful people. ” I personally ex perienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I ’m afraid to say, it didn ’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite aWORD格式nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like thebook cover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutelydistraught .学习好帮手WORD 格式WORD 格式整理版For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing befor e headin g into my clinic. Before I ever began each writi ng session , I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person ’s life. ” Now, sitti ng there alone at my firs t book signing , I wondered if my entire life wasn ’t just a big joke. At that moment, jus t when I couldn ’t feel any worse , a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn ’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we ’ll get the book. ” My heart began to pound. But I realiz ed the woman was tryin g to say something else. “The reaso n we ’re buying it, ” she said hesitantly , “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it. ” At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing i t had served it s purpose . Although I would have many more challenging years unt il my book caught on and sold well, this couple ’s story was all the motivation I needed at tha t poin t to keep me moving ahead. Thanks t o them, I would come to therealization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge...one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD.perseverance57. The word “ distraught ” (paragraph 4) probably means_____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful andproudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. W hat can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.WORD格式59. By saying “ my four years of writing it had served its purpose ”, the aut hor probably means that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone ’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won ’ t find a student who does not use mobileapplications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needsmost, but there are still some mobile “ helpers ” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raisemobile app. Before you buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see ifthere are any discounted gift cards you can buy to make your dollar go farther. Onceyou purchase a card, you can instantly use it online or in stores by showing thebarcode on your phone — no need to worry about forgetting your gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule,iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help youorganize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best appfor students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightfuluser experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They alwaysneed to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood withthe world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControlapplication has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract youfrom studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture isfinished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates onhowmuch you ’ ve been spending. It also lets you know what you ’ ve been spending your money on byorganizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dishout on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their collegestudents have access to key personal documents and accounts,like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That ’wheres LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents“ safebut accessible. ” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everythingfrom their Social Security cards to passports and birth certificates or upload apicture of a medical insurance card.60.The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsD. LifeSiteVaultWORD格式C. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself fromoverspending, he will probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. Mint62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms ( 生物体 ) live on theEarth. Forthousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity( 多样性 ).In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named CarolusLinnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributedtothe modernclassification of organismsin two ways. Hefirst developed a convention for naminglife forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there wereoften manynames for a single species, and these names tended to be long andconfusing. Linnaeusdecided that all speciesnames should be in Latin and should have two parts, oneindicating the genus(plural:genera), agroupthat includessimilar species and oneindicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name ismeaningless since many differentspeciesindifferent genera havethe same specificname. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describespecies.Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genusis also given,however,as in Canisfamiliaris ,we knowthat the name refers to aspecific organism: the domesticdog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying naturebased on hierarchical( 分层的 ) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped lifeforms into threebroad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals,plants,andminerals. Hedivided each of these kingdoms into classes,classesintoorders,ordersinto genera(genus is singular) andthengeneraintospecies, groupingorganismsaccording toshared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use thehierarchicalstructure of Linnaeus ’sclassification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according toobservable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus ’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All livingthings fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms.Each kingdom containsphyla(singularis phylum), followed by class,order, family,genus, andspecies.In additio to the Linnaean kingdoms o plants and animals , biologist recognizeWORD格式n f sprokaryotes , protists,and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotesare theoldestand most abundant group oforganisms. They arealso the smallest cellular organisms.Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support noother form of life,fall into this category. Theprotist kingdomis made up o f avariety of single-celled or simplemulticellular organisms. Protists do not have muchin common. They are,essentially,those organisms which do notfitinto any otherkingdom . Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a t ube-like structure. However, fungidonot producetheir own carbon asplants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced byother organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms areexamples of fungi .学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus ’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus ’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus ’s system for classifying is no longer inuse.B. Linnaeus ’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus ’s original system of classification is used today with littlemodifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists ?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus ’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence givenin the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentencesthan you need.A. Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B. This is also why these adults are sometimes referredto as “ kidults ”.C. But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D. But this “ fact ” doesn ’ t seem to apply to today ’ s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie ’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up. ”(67)________________WORD格式According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children ’s toy market itself.学习好帮手WORD格式WORD格式整理版These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and actionfigures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born betweenthe 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time, ”commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-upsis to escape the stress of today ’s fast -paced world. They are driven toward the moreimmediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion,which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life, ” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about hislove for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in theUK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth ” is the e videncethat “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore ”, he told The New YorkTimes. “That ’s actually quite sad. ”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collectingtoys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It ’s just pop culture stuff. It ’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little ofthat ’, ” he told ABC News. “It ’s no big deal. ” So now that over 100 years havepassed since Peter Pan, perhaps it ’s time to introduce a new“fact ”, as stated inthe tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory( 强制的 ), but growing up is optional. ”IV ． Summary WritingDirections : Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene ( 干涉 )? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the chil d? Isn ’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none ofus is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf ofa child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither.There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism ( “How dare you treat your child like that? ”) and helpfulintervention done in a caring way ( “It can be reallyhard to meet their needs when you ’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help? ”)。
2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷和参考答案
2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30 分） A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到地内容，选出相应地图片）：（6分）1．（6分）1．2．3．4．5．6．B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到地对话和问题，选出最恰当地答案）：（8分）2．（1分）A．On the radioB．In the newspaperC．In the magazineD．On the Internet3．（1分）A．At 2：50B．At 2：30C．At 2：10D．At 2：004．（1分）A．Room 503B．Room 305C．Room 304D．Room 3035．（1分）A．Every dayB．Once a weekC．Once a monthD．Twice a month6．（1分）A．RedB．WhiteC．BlueD．Black7．（1分）A．In a libraryB．In a department storeC．In a bankD．In a hospital8．（1分）A．A salesmanB．A lawyerC．An architectD．A journalist9．（1分）A．This is the best book she has ever read B．She doen't like the book at allC．She thinks there is a book better than this D．She prefers the movie to the bookC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.（判断下列句子是否符合你听到地内容，符合地用“ T”表示，不符合地用“F”表示）：（6分）10．（5分）15．Some Chinese are complaining about western holidays on radio．16．In China，young people prefer western holidays to traditional Chinese holidays．17．Chinese New Year is the time for children to get presents and free candy．18．Generally，people of all ages can have fun in the activity of pumpkin carving．19．Some of Chinese traditions in holidays are out﹣of﹣date to young people．20．The reporter thinks all holiday traditions must remain the same as before．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：（10分）11．（5分）21．101﹣year﹣old Irene O' Shea from recently jumped out a．22．During the skydiving，Ms．O'Shea was at the speed of per hour．23．O' Shea did the adventure to for some disease research．24．Her daughter died from the disease ago．25．The skydive was amazing and O' Shea was to doing another one．二、Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当地答案）：（共20 分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A．rest B．mention C．result D．mess13．（1分）The young engineer solved the problem in ________ unusual way．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/14．（1分）Some young parents are unaware ______ the danger of giving their babies smartphones．（）A．with B．for C．in D．of15．（1分）There were 22medical service areas ________ the route in 2017Shanghai Marathon．（）A．along B．with C．through D．across16．（1分）In the park，visitors will be able to discover for ________ the roots of the city's culture．（）A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs17．（1分）When the boy lost his balance，the skateboard went one way and he went _______﹣．（）A．the other B．others C．other D．the others18．（1分）I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning．（）A．traffic B．accidents C．passengers D．people19．（1分）Thanks to the high technology，computers can be _______ than doctors at doing their job．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best20．（1分）This is _______ robot I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition．（）A．intelligent B．more intelligentC．most intelligent D．the most intelligent21．（1分）The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009．（）A．begins B．beganC．was beginning D．has begun22．（1分）According to the sports news，the Rugby World Cup _________ in France in 2023．（）A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held23．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_________ is it from your home to the nearest public library？About twenty minutes' ride．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon24．（1分）You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand．（）A．ask B．asked C．asking D．to ask25．（1分）With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online inChina．（）A．pay B．paid C．paying D．to pay26．（1分）Tim _______ a detective story written by Arthur Conan Doyle thistime yesterday．（）A．read B．reads C．was reading D．is reading27．（1分）According to the traffic rules，kids under 12 ________ ride bikes on the road．（）A．may not B．mustn't C．couldn't D．needn't28．（1分）My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening．（）A．so B．if C．though D．when29．（1分）There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？（）A．are there B．aren't there C．don't they D．do they30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hello，Jenny，you look busy．Anything I can do for you？_______ I can manage myself．（）A．Not at all B．I'm afraid notC．Thank you all the same D．All right31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣________﹣．﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．（）A．I have been chosen secretary of the Students' UnionB．I've got a birthday gift from my parents．C．I am planning to spend my holiday in ThailandD．I can't attend your party because of my bad cold．三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）32．（4分）A．culture B．included C．healthy D．existed E．homeOf the coast of Xiamen in Fujian province，Kulangsu is no longer an ordinary Chinese village．On July 8，it was（46）in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》）．It makes China the country with the second most World Heritages Sites in the world with 52．The island might be small，but it's （47）to many big﹣name musicians；among them are pianist Xu Feiping and violinist Yang Jing．It also has the highest per capita（人均）ownership of pianos in China．Therefore，it is called China's "Piano Island．""Western classical instruments rarely（48）in China before the end of the mid ﹣1800s，" explain Robin Goldstein，tourism spokesperson for Kulangu．" Kulangsu used to be a place for Westerners to live and work．Thus they brought （49）from Europe．As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music．"33．（4分）A．views B．performance C．European D．completelyE．especiallyThe largest in the world ﹣﹣﹣﹣and the only one in China ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣the Gulangyu Piano Museum is hard to miss，thanks to an eye﹣catching figure that looks like piano keys．Inside，more than 100shining pianos，（50） a precious old﹣plated piano and an antique（古董地）hand piano，provide the island's musical heritage．The tiny island is （51）free of cars and bikes，except the tourist trolleys （电车）．Then there are the 19th﹣century buildings of（52）style and leafy seaside footpath．The beaches of Kulangsu might not be the same as the Philippines"，but they're very clan﹣﹣﹣﹣with white sand and palm trees．The highest point on the island offers（53）of the island's read rooftops and of downtown Xiamen across the river．Climbing to its top is great in the evening because the crowds are thinner，and you can watch the sunset and skyline of Xiamen begin to twinkle．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. （用括号中所给单词地适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）：（共8分）34．（1分）The after﹣sales services department is on the floor of the building．（five）35．（1分）It's dangerous to tell you information to other online．（person）36．（1分）The couple have shot a number of during their honeymoon trip．（photo）37．（1分）Next month Anna will work as a volunteer to offer help to the community．（she）38．（1分）Don't with Mr．Li when he is in bad temper．（argument）39．（1分）In a survey，28percent of consumers were bored with online sales．（recently）40．（1分）The story Beauty and the Beast is known among kids all over the world．（wide）41．（1分）In this task，thinking is required as well as team work among the group．（depend）五、Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）：（共14分）42．（1分）Mr．Smith held a magazine in his hand on the way back home．（改为一般疑问句）Mr．Smith a magazine in his hand on the way back home？43．（1分）The top singing star's set up his own charity to help those in need．（对划线部分提问）the pop singing star set up to help those in need？44．（1分）The policemen took the injured students to the hospital at once．（改为被动句）The injured students to the hospital at once．45．（1分）I didn't copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer．（改为句意基本相同）I didn't copy the papers because theprinter．46．（1分）Tony asked his mum，"How will we spend the Spring Festiva？"（改为宾语从句）Tony asked his mum how spend the Spring Festival．47．（1分）Mandarin，the Chinese language，is important to Chinese culture．（改为感叹句）Mandarin，the Chinese language，is to Chinese culture!48．（1分）without，one，a student card，is not allowed，showing ，to enter the hall（连词成句）六、Reading comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50分）A. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当地答案）（12 分）49．（5分）Star Cruises offer exciting new choices to escape the winter coldAfter its Golden Sea Route journey to Japan this summer，Superstar Virago will start brand new winter routes from November 30，2017to February 28，2018for customers．This is the time to escape from the cold weather in Shanghai．The new routes will have seven popular destinations across the East Pacific Ocean．It provides a variety of winter travel choices．Shanghai Wusonkou International Cruise Terminal will continue to be the homeport．"As a leader in the Asia﹣Pacific cruise market，Star Cruises has always been developing great experiences for their guests．The four well﹣designed winter routes will show landmark scenery from Osaka and Okinawa，Japan to Manila and Laoag in the Philippines．To cater to customers' desires for popular destinations，and their different holiday plans，the four new routes are aimed at helping guests find new and exciting locations and allow them to enjoy an unforgettable holiday．Scan to explore more service information on iDEALShanghai．com69．From the advertisement，we can see is the name of the cruise to Japan．A．Golden SeaB．Superstar ViragoC．East PacificD．Asia Pacific70．There are popular destination according to the new routes．A．fourB．sixC．sevenD．eight71．The homeport of the new winter routes is still in．A．Wusongkou，ShanghaiB．Osaka，JapanC．Okinawa's，JapanD．Manila，the Philippines72．The customers on the cruise trip can do the following EXCEPT．A．enjoy an unforgettable holiday．B．see beautiful scenery along the routeC．escape the cold winter days in ShanghaiD．drive the cruise ship across the East Pacific Ocean73．The underlined phrase "cater to "means﹣．A．meetB．exploreC．considerD．recognize74．If you want to know more about such kind of service，you can．A．visit the office iDEALShanghaiB．make a photo call to iDEALShanghaiC．write a letter to iDEALShanghaiD．search the website iDEALShanghai．com50．（12分）Around 80examples of failed products，business and ideas are showed in the newly opened museum in Sweden．It is to celebrate modern history's（75）designs ﹣﹣﹣from Coca﹣Cola Blak，a coffee﹣inspired drink，to Bic pens made just for women．Besides showing long﹣forgotten failure，founder Dr．Samuel West is on a task to help us learn from our mistakes．Samuel set up the museum after growing （76）success stories．He said understanding bad design could be more valuable than（77）good design．"Most of all creative projects fail，and learning is the only way to turn failure into success．" according to the museum's website．"I hope that visitors take home two （78）：that failure is connected with success，and that they should understand the importance of learning from failure，" said Dr．West．"The purpose of the museum is to show that creativity requires failure，" Dr．West said as he introduced some of the products in a video．"If you are afraid of failure，then you can't create．" So the organizations will not ignore（无视）them and pretend they （79）happened．Many of the museum's items were available online．West believed that （80）products have little in common with one another．One of the items，for example，is a frozen beef lasagna（意式千层面）made by Colgate（Yes，the company that makes toothpaste）．West described this as a classical case of "brand extension failure．"A collection of nine objects from the museum is our tour．The traveling collection of failures will then visit Los Angeles，New York，Shanghai and Tokyo in 2018and 2019．History may be written by the winners，but we should not ignore the losers．At least，that's wha the Museum of Failure wants us to believe．75．A．best B．cheapest C．worst D．easiest 76．A．satisfied with B．tired of C．keen on D．surprisedat 77．A．copying B．printing C．imaging D．making 78．A．stories B．bargains C．tools D．messages79．A．always B．never C．sometimes D．usually80．A．poorly﹣designed B．well﹣designedC．carefully﹣designedD．newly﹣designed51．（14分）在短文地空格中填入适当地词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给Augie Dobson， a 9﹣year﹣old American boy is prud of his ability to speak Chinese．He has been studying the language for three year from Shanghai Community International School．Augie is one of a group of three and took part in a drama performance competition．It was organized to e（81）overseas students to understand Chinese culture．Their play is based on Tang Dynasty （618﹣907）poet He Zhizhang's " Hui Xiang Ou Shu，" L（82），the play got the second prize at yesterday's ceremony．" Hui Xiang Ou Shu" means writing something after returning home．It describes an old man who left his hometown at a young age but feels like a s （83）when he returns a couple of years later．Mrs Sun，a Chinese teacher in school said she tries to teach her pupils to sing and dance to the poem．"Children are interested in singing poems rather than just reciting t（84）．Students at Shanghai Community International School now learn an ancient poem every day．"It's difficult b （85）I ‘m trying to remember，" said Augie．The first prize went to drama "Kong Cheng Ji，" performed by students at Dulwich College Shanghai．Kong Cheng Ji，tells of Zhuge liang during the Three Kingdoms period （220﹣280）．He had no army to protect and guard the city but m（86）to make the enemy's leader Sima Yi believe that the city was full of traps and ambushes（埋伏）．As a result，Sima gave up．Li Zihao，9，plays Sima in the drama．Li is a fan of chengyu，Chinese four﹣character idioms（四字成语）．"I've downloaded an app about telling stories with chengyu，and he loves it．I think chengyu is a very s（87）and important parts of Chinese culture．Four wordsalone can mean a lot，and chengyu shows the great wisdom of old Chinese people．" said his mother．52．（12分）"Mom，I dreamed about you all night．I dreamt that you had come back to me，but I know you are gone……" says a post﹣80s girl named Lulu in a Sina Weibo post．Lulu has been " talking " to her deceased（已故地）mother through her microblog for the past four years．Her act has moved millions of Chinese netizens，Xinhua reported last Tuesday．The girl from Shenyang posted the first to her mother on June，2012，just over a week，after her mother passed away．" I will keep talking to you until I leave the world．" Lulu wrote．Since then，she has kept updating her post almost every day，expressing how she misses her mother and also shares exciting or sad moments of her daily life．Lulu said it's her way to "keep in touch" with her mother，as she used to talk with her three to four time a day when she was alive．During the past four years，she has posted over 1，200messages and got 86，583followers so far．One internet user said，" Every tweet moves me to tears，and thank you for reminding more people to cherish（珍惜）each day we have with our mother．" Another said this was the most touching microblog ever．Lulu said she was pleased that her microblog made more people realize their filial （子女地）duties and she hopes young people could take more time to be with their parents．88．Where did Lulu write letters to her deceased mother，in Sina Weibo or Xinhua Daily？89．When did Lulu post the first message to her mother？90．How often did Lulu use to talk to her mother when she was alive？91．How many followers has Lulu got in the past four years？92．After reading the blogs，what did some people think of it？93．What can people get from Lulu's blog？七、Writing （作文）：（共20分）53．（20分）Write at least 60words on the topic" My happy moment with"请以"和我地快来时光"为题写一篇不少于60词地短文．你地家人，朋友，物件或是你地某项爱好与活动曾经给你留下了幸福开心地时刻．请选取一个角度，描写你和他（它）幸福快乐地瞬间．（注意：短文中不得出现考生地姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分，标点符号不占格）The following is for reference only （以下表述仅供参考）communicate with…..，share with…．，learn from ……，enjoy，relax2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30 分） A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到地内容，选出相应地图片）：（6分）1．（6分）1．F2．H3．D4．C5．B6．G【分析】略【解答】FHDCBGB. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到地对话和问题，选出最恰当地答案）：（8分）2．（1分）A．On the radio B．In the newspaper C．In the magazine D．On the Internet【分析】略【解答】D3．（1分）A．At 2：50 B．At 2：30C．At 2：10D．At 2：00【分析】略【解答】A4．（1分）A．Room 503 B．Room 305C．Room 304D．Room 303【分析】略【解答】B5．（1分）A．Every day B．Once a week C．Once a month D．Twice a month【分析】略【解答】C6．（1分）A．Red B．WhiteC．BlueD．Black【分析】略【解答】C7．（1分）A．In a libraryB．In a department storeC．In a bankD．In a hospital【分析】略【解答】B8．（1分）A．A salesmanB．A lawyerC．An architectD．A journalist【分析】略【解答】D9．（1分）A．This is the best book she has ever readB．She doen't like the book at allC．She thinks there is a book better than thisD．She prefers the movie to the book【分析】略【解答】AC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.（判断下列句子是否符合你听到地内容，符合地用“ T”表示，不符合地用“F”表示）：（6分）10．（5分）15．Some Chinese are complaining about western holidays on radio．略16．In China，young people prefer western holidays to traditional Chinese holidays．略17．Chinese New Year is the time for children to get presents and free candy．略18．Generally，people of all ages can have fun in the activity of pumpkin carving．略19．Some of Chinese traditions in holidays are out﹣of﹣date to young people．略20．The reporter thinks all holiday traditions must remain the same as before．略【分析】略【解答】略D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：（10分）11．（5分）21．101﹣year﹣old Irene O' Shea from略recently jumped out a 略．22．During the skydiving，Ms．O'Shea was at the speed of略per hour．23．O' Shea did the adventure to略for some disease research．24．Her daughter died from the disease略ago．25．The skydive was amazing and O' Shea was略to doing another one．【分析】略【解答】略二、Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当地答案）：（共20 分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A．rest B．mention C．result D．mess【分析】找出下列单词中地划线部分与其他三项不一样地选项．【解答】答案：C．rest地音标是[rest]；mention地音标是['menʃ（ə）n]；result地音标是[rɪ'zʌlt]；mess地音标是[mes]；因此可知result中地划线部分与其他三项不一样，故选C．13．（1分）The young engineer solved the problem in ________ unusual way．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【分析】这个年轻地工程师用一个不寻常地方法解决了这个问题．【解答】答案：B．a ，an，the．三者都是冠词．a，an 是不定冠词，表泛指，译为"一个"，a用在辅音音素开头地单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头地单词前；the是定冠词，表特指．译为"这个，那个，这些，那些"，用一个不同地方法，表泛指，"一个"用不定冠词，因unusual是以元音音素开头地单词，所以空格用an．由题干"这个年轻地工程师用一个不寻常地方法解决了这个问题．"可知，故答案选择B．14．（1分）Some young parents are unaware ______ the danger of giving their babies smartphones．（）A．with B．for C．in D．of【分析】一些年轻地父母不知道给他们地婴儿智能手机地危险．【解答】答案：D．考查介词．A和．B为了．C在…里．D属于．句意"一些年轻地父母不知道给他们地婴儿智能手机地危险．"．be unaware of不知道、不注意．固定搭配．选D．15．（1分）There were 22medical service areas ________ the route in 2017Shanghai Marathon．（）A．along B．with C．through D．across【分析】2017上海马拉松沿途有22个医疗服务区．【解答】答案：A．考查介词．A沿着．B和．C穿过．D穿过．结合语境"2017上海马拉松__途有22个医疗服务区．"．可知，应该是"沿着"．选A．16．（1分）In the park，visitors will be able to discover for ________ the roots of the city's culture．（）A．them B．their C．themselves D．theirs【分析】在公园里，游客将能够自己发现城市文化地根源．【解答】答案：C．考查反身代词．A他们，宾格．B他们地，形容词性物主代词．C他们自己，反身代词．D他们地，形容词性物主代词．结合语境"在公园里，游客将能够___发现城市文化地根源．"．可知，应该是"亲自、他们自己"，选C．17．（1分）When the boy lost his balance，the skateboard went one way and he went _______﹣．（）A．the other B．others C．other D．the others【分析】当那个男孩失去平衡时，滑板走了一条路，他走了另一条路．【解答】答案：A．考查词汇用法．the other（两个中）另一个．others相当于other+复数名词，泛指"另外几个"，"其余地"．other其它地，通常加名词．the others 是the other地复数，指两个部分或两部分人中地另一个部分．one…the other…"一个…另一个…"，固定搭配．选A．18．（1分）I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning．（）A．traffic B．accidents C．passengers D．people【分析】由于今天早上地交通拥挤，所以我上学迟到了．【解答】答案：A．根据"I was late for school because of too much _______ on the road this morning"结合给出地四个选项，因此可知这句话地意思是"由于今天早上地交通拥挤，所以我上学迟到了．"traffic意思是"交通"accidents意思是"事故"passengers意思是"乘客"people意思是"人们"．故选A．19．（1分）Thanks to the high technology，computers can be _______ than doctors at doing their job．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best【分析】多亏了高科技，电脑要比医生在做工作方面做地更好．【解答】答案：C．根据关键词than，因此可知这个句子要用形容词地比较级，因此可知这句话地意思是"多亏了高科技，电脑要比医生在做工作方面做地更好．"故选C．20．（1分）This is _______ robot I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition．（）A．intelligent B．more intelligentC．most intelligent D．the most intelligent【分析】这是我在这次机器人展览中曾经看过地最智能地机器人．【解答】答案：D．根据"I have ever seen in the Robert Exhibition"这是一个表示比较地范围，形容词地最高级要有一个表示比较地范围，结合给出地四个选项，因此可知这句话地意思是"这是我在这次机器人展览中曾经看过地最智能地机器人．"故选D．21．（1分）The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009．（）A．begins B．beganC．was beginning D．has begun【分析】在2009年世界上最大地电子商务公司开始举办单身日购物庆典．【解答】答案：B．根据The world's biggest e﹣business ________ making Single's Day shopping celebration in 2009，这里in 2009是一个过去地时间，句子时态是一般过去时．故选B．22．（1分）According to the sports news，the Rugby World Cup _________ in France in 2023．（）A．holds B．is held C．will hold D．will be held【分析】据体育新闻报道，世界杯橄榄球赛将于2023在法国举行．【解答】答案：D．根据句中地时间状语in 2023要用一般将来时，其构成是will + do，再根据句中地主语the Rugby World Cup 和所给地动词hold之间是被动关系，可知要用一般将来时地被动语态．构成will be+动词地过去分词．故选D．23．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_________ is it from your home to the nearest public library？About twenty minutes' ride．（）A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon【分析】从你家到最近地公共图书馆有多远？骑车大约二十分钟．【解答】答案：C．考查距离．句意：从你家到最近地公共图书馆有多远？骑车大约二十分钟．A．How often多久一次，提问频度；B．How long多久，提问时间；C．How far多远，提问距离；D．How soon多久，提问时间．根据题干About twenty minutes' ride．可知问地是距离．故选C．24．（1分）You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand．（）A．ask B．asked C．asking D．to ask【分析】你最好在课堂上提问，因为有些事情你不能理解．【解答】答案：A．根据You had better _________ questions in class when there is something you can't understand，可知这里had better表示最好，后面跟动词原形．故选A．25．（1分）With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online in China．（）A．pay B．paid C．paying D．to pay【分析】在中国，在互联网+业务中，对我们来说在线支付很受欢迎【解答】答案：D．根据With Internet Plus business，it's popular for us _______ the bill online in China．可知这里考查it's popular for sb to do sth表示某人做某事是受欢迎地．故选D．26．（1分）Tim _______ a detective story written by Arthur Conan Doyle thistime yesterday．（）A．read B．reads C．was reading D．is reading【分析】蒂姆昨天这个时候正在读一本由亚瑟•柯南•道尔写地侦探小说．【解答】答案：C．过去进行时表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行地动作或状态．其构成是：was/were+现在分词．根据时间状语this time yesterday，结合给出地四个选项，因此可知这句话地意思是"蒂姆昨天这个时候正在读一本由亚瑟•柯南•道尔写地侦探小说"．故选C．27．（1分）According to the traffic rules，kids under 12 ________ ride bikes on the road．（）A．may not B．mustn't C．couldn't D．needn't【分析】根据交通规则，12岁以下地孩子不允许在马路上骑车．【解答】答案：B．考查情态动词．A可能不．B不允许．C不应该．D不需要．结合语境"根据交通规则，12岁以下地孩子__在马路上骑车．"．可知，应该是"不允许"，选B．28．（1分）My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening．（）A．so B．if C．though D．when【分析】我母亲对足球不感兴趣，所以她昨天晚上没有看电视现场直播地比赛．【解答】答案：A．so因此；if如果；though虽然；when什么时候．根据My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn't watch the live match on TV yesterday evening，可知我母亲对足球不感兴趣，所以她昨天晚上没有看电视现场直播地比赛．这里用so．故选A．29．（1分）There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？（）A．are there B．aren't there C．don't they D．do they【分析】有不少顾客在新购物中心购物，是吗？【解答】答案：B．根据There are quite a few customers doing shopping in the new mall，_______？可知这里考查there be结构地反义疑问句，前面是肯定地，后面就用否定地，这里用地是there be结构，反义疑问句也还用there be．故选B30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Hello，Jenny，you look busy．Anything I can do for you？_______ I can manage myself．（）A．Not at all B．I'm afraid notC．Thank you all the same D．All right【分析】﹣﹣你好，詹妮，你看起来很忙．我能为你做点什么吗？﹣﹣还是谢谢你，我自己能应付地．【解答】答案：C．考查情景对话．A没关系．B恐怕不行．C还是谢谢你．D好吧．结合语境"﹣﹣你好，詹妮，你看起来很忙．我能为你做点什么吗？﹣﹣___，我自己能应付地．"，可知，应该是"还是谢谢你"，选C．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣________﹣．﹣﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．（）A．I have been chosen secretary of the Students' UnionB．I've got a birthday gift from my parents．C．I am planning to spend my holiday in ThailandD．I can't attend your party because of my bad cold．【分析】﹣﹣我不能参加你地聚会，因为我得了重感冒．﹣﹣听到这事我很难过．【解答】答案：D．考查情景对话．A我被选为学生会秘书．B我收到了父母给我地生日礼物．C我计划在泰国度假．D我不能参加你地聚会，因为我得了重感冒．结合语境"听到这事我很难过．"，可知，应该说"我不能参加你地聚会，因为我得了重感冒．"，选D．三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）32．（4分）A．culture B．included C．healthy D．existed E．home Of the coast of Xiamen in Fujian province，Kulangsu is no longer an ordinary Chinesevillage．On July 8，it was（46）B in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》）．It makes China the country with the second most World Heritages Sites in the world with 52．The island might be small，but it's （47）E to many big﹣name musicians；among them are pianist Xu Feiping and violinist Yang Jing．It also has the highest per capita（人均）ownership of pianos in China．Therefore，it is called China's "Piano Island．""Western classical instruments rarely（48）D in China before the end of the mid ﹣1800s，" explain Robin Goldstein，tourism spokesperson for Kulangu．" Kulangsu used to be a place for Westerners to live and work．Thus they brought （49）A from Europe．As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music．"【分析】文章介绍了鼓浪屿被记录在《世界遗产名录》，这个岛屿是中国最早演奏和听到西方古典音乐地地方之一．【解答】BEDA46．B 考查动词，根据On July 8，it was…in the UNESCO's World Heritage List（《世界遗产名录》），结合选项，推出句意：在七月八日，它被收录在《世界遗产名录》里，故选B．47．E 考查名词，根据The island might be small，but it's…to many big﹣name musicians，结合选项，推出句意：这个岛可能很小，但是它是很多大名鼎鼎音乐家地故乡，故选E．48．D 考查形容词，根据Western classical instruments rarely…in China before the end of the mid﹣1800s，结合选项，推出句意：在19世纪中期地末期，西方乐器很少在中国存在，时态为一般过去时，故选D．49．A 考查名词，根据Thus they brought…from Europe，结合后文As a result，Kulangsu became one of the first places in China to play and hear Western classical music，推出句意：他们从欧洲带来了文化，所以鼓浪屿成为中国最早播放和聆听西方古典音乐地地方之一，故选A．33．（4分）A．views B．performance C．European D．completelyE．especiallyThe largest in the world ﹣﹣﹣﹣and the only one in China ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣the Gulangyu Piano Museum is hard to miss，thanks to an eye﹣catching figure that looks like piano keys．Inside，more than 100shining pianos，（50）E a precious old﹣plated piano and an antique（古董地）hand piano，provide the island's musical heritage．The tiny island is （51）D free of cars and bikes，except the tourist trolleys（电车）．Then there are the 19th﹣century buildings of（52）C style and leafy seaside footpath．The beaches of Kulangsu might not be the same as the Philippines"，but they're very clan﹣﹣﹣﹣with white sand and palm trees．The highest point on the island offers（53）A of the island's read rooftops and of downtown Xiamen across the river．Climbing to its top is great in the evening because the crowds are thinner，and you can watch the sunset and skyline of Xiamen begin to twinkle．【分析】文章介绍了鼓浪屿地景点特色和景区设备．【解答】EDCA50．E 考查副词，根据more than 100 shining pianos，结合后文a precious old ﹣plated piano and an antique（古董地）hand ，可知后文是对前文进一步解释，结合选项，推出句意：100多架闪亮地钢琴，尤其是一架珍贵地老式镀金钢琴，故选E．51．D 考查副词，根据The tiny island is…free of cars and bikes，except the tourist trolleys（电车），结合选项，推出句意：除了旅游电车，这个小岛完全没有汽车和自行车．故选D．52．C 考查形容词，根据Then there are the 19th﹣century buildings of…style ，结合选项，推出句意：有19世纪欧洲风格地建筑，此处是形容词修饰名词style，故选C．53．A 考查名词，根据The highest point on the island off ers…of the island's，结合选项，推出句意：在岛上地最高出点可以看到岛上地景色，故选A．。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--中英翻译--学生版(已校对)
V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 熬夜大大影响健康。
(affect)73. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。
(by the time)74. 从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。
(capable)75. 据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。
(It)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
(spread)73. 警察告知了他们那场导致他们儿子受伤的交通事故。
(which)74. 太多的数据会使我们很难判断错误是由哪个数据引起的。
(difficult)75. 任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责，虽然事先了解一切是不可能的。
(blame)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
(leave)73.深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。
(with)74.一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。
(the way)75.只有当一系列奇数问题得到解决，到 2025 年，新能源汽车才能占汽车销量的百分之二十。
(Only)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. .让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变的如此之快。
上海市徐汇区2018届高三英语一模
上海市徐汇区2018届高三一模Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators (管理员) dream of finding (21) ________ (hide) secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22) ________ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster th at she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23) ________ (look) at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24) ________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we t hink of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up wit h all these stories for (25) ________ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26) ________ (far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27) ________ (examine) the grasshopper fu rther. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28) ________ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29) ________ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30) ________ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatcashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released _(31)_ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent _(32)_ activities such as money laundering (洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also _(33)_ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and _(34)_.Alibaba’s Hema store, w here customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods wit h cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply _(35)_ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also _(36)_ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused _(37)_ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong _(38)_ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows，the _(39)_ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, i t’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefo re is not able to enjoy _(40)_ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection AEating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became _(41)_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _(42)_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _(43)_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the _(44)_ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have die unexpected consequence of causin g hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _(45)_ for time-saving products. “More _(46)_, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _(47)_ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what t hey were but the subliminal effect was _(48)_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _(49)_ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather th ey would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose _(50)_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behavio ur at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate _(51)_The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _(52)_ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_(53)_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _(54)_ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _(55)_ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection B(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors，I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation，I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and th en whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing，I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the wa y they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn’t know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the w oman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it，” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _______.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that _________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide ________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probably need ________. A. iStudiez Pro B. SelfControl C. Mint D. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modem applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms (生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity (多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today. Linnaeus contributed to the modem classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the gents (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiari s, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical (分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hiera rchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only threedomains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to ________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hi erarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modem taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protests?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. the Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can beStaying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 boo k —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”（67) ________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. The se toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century a re channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68) ________According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’sfast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playf u l side of life,” Rob Willner，a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69) _________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it a nymor e”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70) ________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane，collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but glowing up is optional.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene (干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or he r even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past wit hout comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtfu l criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”）and helpfu l intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs wh en you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”）There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse (虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?V. Translation1. 今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。
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2017 学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟）2017.12 考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks toomuch. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have abirthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t w ant to growold.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B.The film is not worth seeing at all.C.The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D.The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terriblyhot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people loseweight.D. Light was stronger thismorning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10.A. She would rather invite more people to come.B.They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C.The family members always eat a lot.第 1 页 / 共 17 页微信公众号：上海试卷D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. She was born in a poor family.B.She worked as a doctor in her early life.C.She spent her whole life in London.D.She decided to help the poor when she was young.12.A. Because of the poor living conditions.B.Because she was sent to a settlement house.C.Because of her health problem.D.Because her family moved to another city.13.A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B.She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C.She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D.She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B.They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C.They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D.They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B.He is a huge fan of international stories.C.He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D.He is an advocate for environmental protection.18.A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts amongdifferent political parties.19.A. Based on what the public wants to know.B.By interviewing people who have stories.C.By analyzing the current social problems.第 2 页 / 共 17 页D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20.A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make thepassage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide)secrets in the masterpieces they look after. Rarely do theyexpect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in KansasCity said they discovered the dead insect in one of its starpaintings, Vincent van Gogh’s OliveTrees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of itsFrench painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she foundit in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the p ainting with themicroscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint,so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of himbattling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got towalk back to his studio through the fields.What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ theinsect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied(26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached(27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surroundingpaint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on theartist’s wet canvas and could not be u sed for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out withhis friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting tosee (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 3 页 / 共 17 页Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could“reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal.A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food__(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-effic ient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In otherwordsB. On thecontrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most in spiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like thebook cover? After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutelydistraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper,“Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any wo rse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The cou ple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is becaus e our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58.W hat can be inferred from paragraph 5?A.The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B.The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C.The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D.The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59.B y saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A.he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB.he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC.he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD.he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)The truth of our modern times is that you probably won’t find a student who does not use mobile applications today. Every student probably knows plenty of applications that fit his or her needsm ost, but there are still some mobile “helpers” no student should live without.Raise —Save your money with discounted gift cards, especially with the Raise mobile app.Beforeyou buy any back-to-school items, check the Raise app to see if there are any discounted gift cardsyou can buy to make your dollar go farther. Once you purchase a card, you can instantly use itonline or in stores by showing the barcode on your phone —no need to worry about forgettingyour gift cards at home.iStudiez Pro —For college students who are attempting to successfully manage a full schedule, iStudiez Pro can help ease your transition into college courses and help you organize your class schedule and plan out your days. iStudiez Pro is the best app for students which combines tracking schedule, homework and grades with a delightful user experience.SelfControl —College students are so easily distracted from the studying process! They alwaysneed to check new photos of their friends on Facebook, or share their mood with the world during a lecture. To avoid such distractions, the SelfControl application has been created: it blocks certain websites that can distract you from studying, and it does it for a set amount of time. So, when a lecture is finished, you are welcome to come back to your favorite websites again!Mint —It’s an easy-to-read app that links to all your bank accounts and gives you updates on howmuch you’ve been spending. It also lets you know what you’ve been spending your money on by organizing your expenses into categories (You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while).LifeSite Vault —Parents struggle to make sure their college students have access to key personal documents and accounts, like Social Security numbers and bank account information.That’s where LifeSite Vault can help. It does so by keeping important documents “saf e but accessible.” For example, with LifeSite Vault, users can upload everything from their SocialSecurity cards to passports and birth certificates or upload a picture of a medical insurance card.60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61.If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself fromoverspending, he will probably need _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62.What is the main purpose of this passage?A.To help college students increase learning efficiency.B.To recommend some helpful applications to students.C.To compare different types of online learning tools.D.To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hiera rchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63.The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A.demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB.introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC.criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD.illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.The hierarchical str ucture of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer inuse.B.Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C.Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with littlemodifications.D.Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65.W hich of the following is TRUE about protists?A.They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B.They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C.They are limited to single-cell organisms.D.They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66.W hich of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Father of Modern TaxonomyB.Classifying OrganismsC.Development in Life FormsD.Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many say collecting toys creates a sense of accomplishment.B.This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.C.But scientists are probably just worrying too much.D.But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore.E.At one point in our life, we all had and loved our own toys.F.Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.”(67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adultsin the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself.These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. (68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.” So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perh aps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated inthe tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers.We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our busin ess to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for。