英语的时态和语态 PPT
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动词的时态和语态
一 一般现在时的考点分析 1 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制) The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100ºC. 2 表示现状，性质，状态时多用系动词或 状 态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动词，多用动作 动词，且常与表频度的时间状语连用。
• 1 表过去的过去发生的动作。在by, by the
• end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过 去某
• 一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：
•
By the end of the last year, we had
produced
•
20,000 cars.
•
I didn’t recognize him. 三 一般将来时
1 表示未来的动作或状态用will/shall+动词（常 与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow,next week等 连用) 2 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water. 3表示趋向行为的动词如 come go, start,begin, leave等词常用进行时表示将来时。 4 be going to与 will/shall; be to do ,be about to do： 用法及区别：
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each
other. 3 表示知觉，态度， 感情，某种抽象的关系或 概念的词常用一般现在时 :see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, like believe, hate want think, belong, seem等.如：
If you will accept my invitation and come to my
party, my family will be pleased. 5 有些表示起止的动词如come, go ,leave,arrive fly, return, start, begin, close, end, stop等常用一 般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定，计划 或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事 先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
9
（与等频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作 或某种感情色彩如厌恶， 欣赏，表扬等
2 下列四类动词不可用进行时。 表示心理状态，情感的动词：like, love，hate,
care, remember,believe, want, mind, wish, agree,need,mean.
表示存在的状态的词：appear,exist,lie, remain
say ,believe ，expect,think,know,write,consider, report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用
被动语态，动词不定式为主补。也可用Βιβλιοθήκη Baidut作形式 主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句表示出 来。如：
People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似的句型有:It is said/known/ suggested/ Believed/hoped/thought that---. 不用被动语态的几种句型：
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
.
九 被动语态考查要点简述
其构成方式：be+过去分词，口语get/become+ 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或 没必要提到动作的执行者是谁用被动语态。强调 或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（短语可省 去）。
用被动语态要注意几个问题。
1 主动到被动的双宾语的变化。
I was given an interesting book.
An interesting book was given to me. 2 主动到被动时，宾补成主补。作宾补的不定 式前加出。The boss made him work all day=
bus started.
5 在before或 after引导的时间状语从句中用一 般过去时代替完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
• 过去将来时
•
参照一般将来时对比：用would
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做 某事，这种打算往往是经过事先思考，甚至已 做了某种准备；而will/shall do表示未事先思考 过，是临时做出的决定。
be going to 表示将来，但不能用在条件状语 从句的主句中；而will则可以，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.
do ,was/were
• Goingto do sth.表过去将来；come ,go ,leave 等过
• 去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do sth. 和
• was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。
内发生或频繁发生。
2 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中 一个由when或while引导的时间状语从句。 八 现在完成时
He bought a watch but lost it. 4 常用一般过去时的句型，暗示着过去的动作。 Why didn’t you/I think of that? I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been with my brother before.
before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 4 表示“一------就”的几个句型：
Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had + 主语+过去分 词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the
I once saw the famous star here.
I thought that the film would be interesting, but it
isn’t 2 如果从句有过去的时间状语，尽管主动先于 从动，但从句仍用过去时。
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
Autumn harvest is about to start. 四 现在进行时
1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现 阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安 排或计划； go ,come等起止动作可用进行时代替 将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
3 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常有以下词语 连接，用一般过去时如:
but, and,when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time.
The moment she came in , she told me what had happened to her.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
He was made to work all day (by the boss). 3 短语动词变被动时，勿甩掉“尾巴。
The children were taken good of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4 情态动词和be going to ,be to ,be sure to ,used to ,have to,had bette等结构变被动 语态，只需将 它们后的不定式变为 “be+过去分词”. 5 当句子的谓语为：
The train had left before we reached the
station.
• 2 表示未曾实现的希望，打算， 意图， 诺言
3 “时间名词+before”在句中做状语，谓语动词 用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago” 在句中状语， 谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years
Seem,belong to, depend on. 表一时性动作的词：allow, accept, permit,
promise, admit, complete. 表感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,
Sound, taste,look,watch.
• 过去完成时
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.（错误） be to do sth.表示计划，安排既将发生的动作， 还可表吩咐，命令禁止，可能性等.
A meeting is to be hold at 3:00 o’clock today.
be about to do sth.表示即可，就要之意，后面
The shop closes at 11:00p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
二 一般过去时 1 表示过去的事情，动作或状态常与表示过去
具体的时间状语连用（或有语境）；用于表达过 去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到，想到或希 望的事情通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
1 现在完成时除了和for, since引导的状语连 用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/ in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等.
2 下列句型常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/It)is the first(second---)time that +完 成时
This(That/it)is the only--- +that +完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting--+that从句+完成时 3 在时间或条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替 一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4 在表时间，条件状语从句中常用一般现在时
代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从 句中可以用will或shall表“ 意愿”，但不表时 态。
一 一般现在时的考点分析 1 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制) The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100ºC. 2 表示现状，性质，状态时多用系动词或 状 态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动词，多用动作 动词，且常与表频度的时间状语连用。
• 1 表过去的过去发生的动作。在by, by the
• end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过 去某
• 一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：
•
By the end of the last year, we had
produced
•
20,000 cars.
•
I didn’t recognize him. 三 一般将来时
1 表示未来的动作或状态用will/shall+动词（常 与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow,next week等 连用) 2 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water. 3表示趋向行为的动词如 come go, start,begin, leave等词常用进行时表示将来时。 4 be going to与 will/shall; be to do ,be about to do： 用法及区别：
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each
other. 3 表示知觉，态度， 感情，某种抽象的关系或 概念的词常用一般现在时 :see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, like believe, hate want think, belong, seem等.如：
If you will accept my invitation and come to my
party, my family will be pleased. 5 有些表示起止的动词如come, go ,leave,arrive fly, return, start, begin, close, end, stop等常用一 般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定，计划 或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事 先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
9
（与等频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作 或某种感情色彩如厌恶， 欣赏，表扬等
2 下列四类动词不可用进行时。 表示心理状态，情感的动词：like, love，hate,
care, remember,believe, want, mind, wish, agree,need,mean.
表示存在的状态的词：appear,exist,lie, remain
say ,believe ，expect,think,know,write,consider, report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用
被动语态，动词不定式为主补。也可用Βιβλιοθήκη Baidut作形式 主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句表示出 来。如：
People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似的句型有:It is said/known/ suggested/ Believed/hoped/thought that---. 不用被动语态的几种句型：
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
.
九 被动语态考查要点简述
其构成方式：be+过去分词，口语get/become+ 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或 没必要提到动作的执行者是谁用被动语态。强调 或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（短语可省 去）。
用被动语态要注意几个问题。
1 主动到被动的双宾语的变化。
I was given an interesting book.
An interesting book was given to me. 2 主动到被动时，宾补成主补。作宾补的不定 式前加出。The boss made him work all day=
bus started.
5 在before或 after引导的时间状语从句中用一 般过去时代替完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
• 过去将来时
•
参照一般将来时对比：用would
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做 某事，这种打算往往是经过事先思考，甚至已 做了某种准备；而will/shall do表示未事先思考 过，是临时做出的决定。
be going to 表示将来，但不能用在条件状语 从句的主句中；而will则可以，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.
do ,was/were
• Goingto do sth.表过去将来；come ,go ,leave 等过
• 去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do sth. 和
• was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。
内发生或频繁发生。
2 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中 一个由when或while引导的时间状语从句。 八 现在完成时
He bought a watch but lost it. 4 常用一般过去时的句型，暗示着过去的动作。 Why didn’t you/I think of that? I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been with my brother before.
before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 4 表示“一------就”的几个句型：
Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had + 主语+过去分 词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the
I once saw the famous star here.
I thought that the film would be interesting, but it
isn’t 2 如果从句有过去的时间状语，尽管主动先于 从动，但从句仍用过去时。
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
Autumn harvest is about to start. 四 现在进行时
1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现 阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安 排或计划； go ,come等起止动作可用进行时代替 将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
3 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常有以下词语 连接，用一般过去时如:
but, and,when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time.
The moment she came in , she told me what had happened to her.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
He was made to work all day (by the boss). 3 短语动词变被动时，勿甩掉“尾巴。
The children were taken good of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4 情态动词和be going to ,be to ,be sure to ,used to ,have to,had bette等结构变被动 语态，只需将 它们后的不定式变为 “be+过去分词”. 5 当句子的谓语为：
The train had left before we reached the
station.
• 2 表示未曾实现的希望，打算， 意图， 诺言
3 “时间名词+before”在句中做状语，谓语动词 用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago” 在句中状语， 谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years
Seem,belong to, depend on. 表一时性动作的词：allow, accept, permit,
promise, admit, complete. 表感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell,
Sound, taste,look,watch.
• 过去完成时
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.（错误） be to do sth.表示计划，安排既将发生的动作， 还可表吩咐，命令禁止，可能性等.
A meeting is to be hold at 3:00 o’clock today.
be about to do sth.表示即可，就要之意，后面
The shop closes at 11:00p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
二 一般过去时 1 表示过去的事情，动作或状态常与表示过去
具体的时间状语连用（或有语境）；用于表达过 去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到，想到或希 望的事情通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
1 现在完成时除了和for, since引导的状语连 用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/ in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等.
2 下列句型常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/It)is the first(second---)time that +完 成时
This(That/it)is the only--- +that +完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting--+that从句+完成时 3 在时间或条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替 一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 4 在表时间，条件状语从句中常用一般现在时
代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从 句中可以用will或shall表“ 意愿”，但不表时 态。