气象专业英语词汇
与天气相关的英语词汇
•Thank you
• 一、天气状况 • 二、气象用语 • 三、风的名称 • 四、自然灾害 • 五、气候类型
晴朗: Clear/fair 小阵雨： Light rain shower 毛毛雨： Drizzle 大雨; Heavy rain 阵雪： Few snow shower 小降雪 Light snow fall/shower 局部雷雨 Isolated T-storm
• 自然灾害：
• Natural disaster • 火山地震;
• Volcanic earthquake • 山崩：
• Landslide • 火山泥流：
• Lahar • 海啸：
• tidal wave/ tsunami • 雪崩：
• Avalanche • 泥石流：
• Mudflow/ landslide • 太阳耀斑：
• 恒风: • Constant wind • 轻风; • Light breeze • 和风： • Moderate breeze • 疾风： • Near gale/gusty wind • 暴风： • Violent storm • 东南风 • Southeaster • 信风： • Trade wind
天气状况
飘雪： Drifting s： Showers/wind 雾： Fog 薄雾: Haze/mist 雾霾： Smog 雷暴雨： T-storm
• 雨夹雪： • Rain and snow • 早（晚）有阵雨： • Showers early/late • 零星阵雨 • Scattered showers • 雨雪混合： • Wintry mix • 雪花： • Snowflake
• Solar flare
气象常用专业英语词汇
气象常用专业英语词汇pressure gradient 气压梯度 barometric height formula 压高公式 pressure gradient force 气压梯度力 Coriolis force 科里奥利力 water vapor 水［蒸］汽 water vapor pressure 水汽压 humidity 湿度 relative humidity 相对湿度 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 specific humidity 比湿 mixing ratio 混合比dew point ［temperature ］露点（温度） depression of the dew point （温度）露点差 super-saturated air 过饱和空气 saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿 saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压 saturation deficit 饱和差 cloud 云low cloud 低云 middle cloud 中云 highcloud 高云 cloud amount 云量 cloud height 云高 cloud genera 云属 cloud etage 云族 cloud species 云种 cloud variety 云类 cloud form 云状 cirrus, Ci 卷云 cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云 cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云 altostratus, As 高层云 cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云 cumulus congestus, Cucon 浓积云 cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云 cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云 stratus, St 层云 nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云 stratiform cloud 层状云 cumuliform cloud 积状云 cold cloud 冷云 warm cloud 暖云 ice cloud 冰云1 / 10主题词表English Chinese 01.大气atmospheric science 大气科学 meteorology 气象学 atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物 atmospheric composition 大气成分 atmospheric mass 大气质量 atmospheric density 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision 大气分层 homosphere 均质层 heterosphere 非均质层standard ［pressure ］ level 标准层 isothermal layer 等温层 lower atmosphere 低层大气 middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气 troposphere 对流层 tropopause 对流层顶 stratosphere 平流层 stratopause 平流层顶 mesopause 中间层顶 thermosphere 热层 exosphere 夕卜［逸］层 ionosphere 电离层 magnetosphere 磁层 ozonosphere 臭氧层 free atmosphere 自 由大气 planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere （reference atmosphere ）标准大气（参考homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气 isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气 scale height 大气标高 meteorological element 气象要素 air temperature 气温 wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度 dry-bulb temperature 干球温度 atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压 sea-level pressure 海平面气压气象常用专业英语词汇precipitation intensity 降水强度 showery precipitation 阵性降水 convective precipitation 对流性降水 orographic precipitation 地形降水 rain 雨 rain drop 雨滴 rain shadow 雨影 glaze 雨淞 rain day 雨日rainfall ［amount ］雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水 intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水 showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨 drizzle 毛毛雨 light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨 heavy rain 大雨 torrential rain 暴雨 local precipitation 地方性降水 orographic rain 地形雨 storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙［尘］暴 hail storm 雹暴 haze 霾 dust 浮尘 dew 露 frost 霜 frost point 霜点 first frost 初霜 latest frost 终霜 tornado 龙卷 dust devil 尘卷风 snow 雪 sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪 snow crystal 雪晶 snowflake 雪花 snow grains 米雪 snowstorm 雪暴 snow cover 积雪 snowfall ［amount ］雪量 snow depth 雪深 snow day 雪日 icing 积冰 hail 冰雹 2 / 10wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速 maximum wind speed 最大风速 extreme wind speed 极大风速 wind speed profile 风速廓线 wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort ［wind ］ scale 蒲福风级 calm 0级风 light air 1 级风 light breeze 2 级风 gentle breeze 3 级风 moderate breeze 4 级风 fresh breeze 5 级风 strong breeze 6 级风 near gale 7 级风 gale 8级风 strong gale 9 级风 storm 10 级风 violent storm 11 级风 hurricane 12 级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风 surface wind 地面风 foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风 sea-land breeze 海陆风 on-shore wind 向岸风 off-shore wind 离岸风 gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向 prevailing wind 盛行风 wind pressure 风压 wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源 wind energy rose 风能玫瑰［图］ visibility 能见度 clear sky 晴天 partly cloudy 少云 cloudy 多云 overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度 skycondition 天空状况 precipitation 降thermometer 温度表 telethermometer 遥测温度表 thermograph 温度计 geothermometer 地温表 surface geothermometer 地面温度表 angle geothermometer 曲管地温表 tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表 maximum thermometer 最高温度表 minimumthermometer 最低温度表 mercury thermometer 水银温度表 Lyman- a hygrometer 莱曼-a 湿度表 bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计 barograph 气压计 aneroid barograph 空盒气压计 mountain barograph 高山气压计 barometer 气压表 aneroid barometer 空盒气压表 ship-barometer 船用气压表 mountain barometer 高山气压表 pressure altimeter 气压测高表 normal barometer 标准气压表 mercury barometer 水银气压表 Fortin barometer 福丁气压表 Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计 hygrometer 湿度表 psychrometer 干湿表 aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表 Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表 dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表 hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表 hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计 dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表 wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表 sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计 pyrheliometer 直接辐射表 pyranometer 总辐射表 sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表 albedometer 反照率表 pyranometer 净辐射表 evaporograph 蒸发计 evaporation pan 小型蒸发器3 / 10thunder 雷 thunderstorm 雷暴 thunder shower 雷阵雨 lightning 闪电 fog 雾 mist 轻雾 wet fog 湿雾 sea fog 海雾 ice fog 冰雾 frontal fog 锋面雾 advection fog 平流雾 radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾 mixing fog 混合雾 evaporation fog 蒸发雾 supercooled fog 过冷却雾 ground fog 地面雾 upslope fog 上坡雾 air-mass fog 气团雾 tropical air fog 热带气团雾 rime 雾淞graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率 sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数 02.大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测 meteorological observation 气象观测 surface observation 地面观测 visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测 field observation 外场观测 conventional observation 常规观测 sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测 aircraft sounding 飞机探测 rocket sounding 火箭探测 radio sounding 无线电探空 surface data 地面资料 upper air data 高空资料 observation site 观测场coagulation 碰并 ice crystal 冰晶 ice point 冰点 condensation 凝结 evaporation 蒸发 solidification 凝固 deposition 凝华 sublimation 升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝结核 salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气 cloud dissipation ^肖云 salt-seeding 盐粉播撒 frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水 cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团 cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系 banded cloud system 带状云系 vortex cloud system 涡旋云系 atmospheric radiation 大气辐射 solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射 visible light 可见光 radiation balance 辐射平衡 global radiation 总辐射 direct radiation 直接辐射 effective radiation 有效辐射 scattered radiation 散射辐射 diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward ［tatal ］ radiation 向上［全］辐射 downward ［total ］ radiation 向下［全］辐射 incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率 albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率 atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射 radiance 辐射率 albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星温度 atmospheric window 大气窗［atmospheric ］ absorptivity ［大气］吸收率 primaryevaporation tank 大型蒸发器 standard pan 标准蒸发器 ceiling projector 云幕灯 visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表 raingauge 雨量器 pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计 accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器 tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗［式］雨量计 electric conductivity raingauge 水导［式］雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸［式］雨量计 rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计 telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计 wind vane 风向标 anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表 cup anemometer 转杯风速表 propeller anemometer 螺旋桨［式］风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表 anemograph 风速计 meteorological rocket 气象火箭 sounding rocket 探空火箭 weather radar 天气雷达 meteorological radar 气象雷达 lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声［雷］达 Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达 atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感 meteorological satellite 气象卫星 synoptic data 天气资料 real time data 实时资料radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式 03.大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理［学］ cloud physics 云物理学 advection 平流 convection 对流 aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱 raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱 fog-drop 雾滴 cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴 drop spectrum 滴谱 collision 碰撞scattering 一次散射4 / 10Mie scattering 米散射 smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶 multiple scattering 多次散射 ash cloud 烟灰云 Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射smog 烟雾 sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度smoke screen 烟幕atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大 acid rain 酸雨 气光学厚度 smoke 烟 smoke plume 烟羽 plume rise 烟羽抬升 fallout 沉降物05.动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学 atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学 sensible heat 感热 latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程 irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程 moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程 temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温 surface inversion 地面逆温 radiation inversion 辐射逆温 capping inversion 覆盖逆温 subsidence inversion 下沉逆温 frontal inversion 锋面逆温 inversion layer 逆温层 temperature gradient 温度梯度 temperature advection 温度平流 adiabatic ascending 绝热上升 adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉 adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却 adiabatic heating 绝热增温 pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程 diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度 mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度 temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率 moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率 condensation level, CL 凝结高度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程 moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位温 equation of motion 运动方程 5 / 10［atmospheric］ transparency ［大气］透明度 atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象 atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度 mirage 蜃景 twilight 曙暮光 aurora australis 南极光 aurora borealis 北极光 halo 晕 46° halo 46 度晕22° halo 22 度晕 solar halo 日晕 lunar halo 月晕 solar corona 日华 lunar corona 月华 rainbow 虹 secondary rainbow 霓 corona 华 twilight colors 霞 aurora 极光 glory 宝光［环］ magnetic storm 磁暴 04.大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学 atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用 atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧 atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体 photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾 precipitation chemistry 降水化学 atmospheric background 大气本底［值］ atmospheric pollution 大气污染 air pollution 空气污染 primary pollutant 原生污染物 secondary pollutant 次生污染物 atmospheric cleaning 大气净化 floating dust 飘尘 dustfall 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体 atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物southern branch jet stream 南支急流 basic flow 基本气流 subtropical jet stream 副热带急流 axis of jet stream 急流轴 warm advection 暖平流 cold advection 冷平流 upward flow 上升气流 downward flow 下沉气流 geostrophic motion 地转运动 quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动 Ekman layer 埃克曼层 Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线 atmospheric circulation 大气环流 meridional circulation 经向环流 zonal circulation 纬向环流 Hadley cell 哈得来环流 Walker cell 沃克环流 direct circulation 直接环流 indirect circulation 间接环流［圈］ trade-wind circulation 信风环流 circulation cell 环流圈 local circulation 局地环流 three-cell ［meridional ］ circulation 三圈经向环流 circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数 low index 低指数 index cycle 指数循环 circulation theorem 环流定理 Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理 Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理 cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心 scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度 planetary scale 行星尺度 meso scale 中尺度 mesoscale model 中尺度模式 general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式 barotropic model 正压模式 baroclinic model 斜压模式06.天气学synoptic meteorology 天气学 weather 天气 synoptic chart 天气图 6 / 10continuity equation 连续方程 equation of state 状态方程 vorticity equation 涡度方程 divergence equation 散度方程 hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程 3 -equation 3方程 perturbation equation 扰动方程 thermal wind equation 热成风方程 advective equation 平流方程 balance equation 平衡方程 baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应 available potential energy 有效位能 geopotentialmeter 位势米 geopotential height 位势高度 inertial instability 惯性不稳定 free convection level 自 由对流高度［atmospheric ］ stability ［大气］稳定度 static stability 静力稳定度 absolutestability 绝对稳定 absolute instability 绝对不稳定 neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件［性］不稳定 barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定 latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒 z-coordinate z 坐标p-coordinate p 坐标 。
常用气象英语词汇
强风strong breeze
高地气候highlandclimate
西北风northwester
疾风near gale
海洋气候marine climate
地形雨local rains
大风gale
森林气候forest climate
狂风squall
烈风strong gale
温带气候temperate climate
东南风southeaster
台风typhoon
热带海洋气候tropical marine climate
风级wind scale
龙卷风tornado
虹rainbow
间歇雨intermittent rain
小雨light rain
阵雨shower
平静calm
毛毛雨drizzle, fine rain
疾风gusty wind
常用气象英语词汇
英语词汇很多，其中气象类的英语词汇和我们也是息息相关的。下
面是小编分享的常用气象英语词汇，一起来看一下吧。
天气预报weather forecast
和风moderate breeze
沙漠气候desert climate
甘霖welcome rain
清风fresh breeze
沿海气候coastal climate
季风气候monsoon climate
高气压high-pressure
锋面frontal edge
气团air mass
热浪heat wave
高原气候plateau climate
闪电lightning
雾fog
海滨气候littoral climate
凉cool
大气科学(气象)专业英语6
Unit Six Severe Storms 第六课：强风暴New Words▪glossary n.词汇▪blizzard n.雪暴▪snowfall n.降雪▪snowdrift n.雪堆▪coat v.覆盖▪hailstorm n.雹暴▪wake n.尾流▪rate v. 评价；rate n. 比率，速度 , e.g., at a rate of，以…的速率▪devastating a. 破坏性的；devastate v. ; devastation n.▪top v. 封顶，盖住； top n. 顶▪radiosonde n. 无线电探空仪▪enlarge v.放大en+… n./adj./--→ v. enrich, endanger, enable,▪downdraft n.下曳气流； updraft n.上升气流▪upper-level n.高层，高空；lower-level n.低层，低空 mid-level 中层▪outflow v.流出； inflow v.流出▪blast n.阵风；gust n.阵风;一阵狂风▪airline n.航线，航空公司；flight n.航班▪typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；tropical cyclone n.热带气旋；tropical storm n. 热带风暴▪cyclone n.气旋；cyclonic a.气旋性的;vortex n.涡旋anticyclone n.反气旋；anticyclonic a.反气旋性的▪destructive a. 破坏性的▪multi-cell n. 多单体； super-cell n.超级单体▪water-rich a. 含水丰富的▪waterspout n.水龙卷 ;tornado n.龙卷；whirl n.旋风，涡旋▪suction n. 虹吸，吸（水）▪exterior n.外部； interior n.内部▪exploration n. 探索▪hook-shaped a. 钩状的Text•According to the Glossary of Meteorology, a storm is “any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth’s surface and strongly implying destructive or otherwise unpleasant weather”.•In winter most storms are cyclonic in nature; they cover large areas, produce rain or snow, and often are cold and windy.•These storms usually do more good than harm because the precipitation they yield waters farms and fills streams, lakes, and reservoirs.▪Sometimes winter cyclones become intense as their central pressures fall.▪As a result the winds increase in strength, and if there is adequate atmospheric moisture, there can be flood-causing rains or heavy snow falls that close down entire cities.▪In some cases blizzards occur as a strong, cold winds, that carry the snow into large snow-drifts. ▪In such storms, grazing animals on the open range can become isolated, run out of food, or even freeze to death.▪Among the most dangerous of winter storms are those that produce freezing rain.▪By coating streets, highways, and airports runways with ice, the storms cause a large number of motor vehicle accidents and pose serious hazards at airports.▪Winter storms usually develop gradually, move slowly, and can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.▪On the other hand, severe storms of a convective nature develop so rapidly and are so small and short-lived that they are difficult to forecast.▪Violent thunderstorms, hailstorms, and tornadoes develop in tens of minutes and can strike with frighten suddenness.▪In minutes a hailstorm can destroy a field of wheat or a tornado can demolish a score of buildings, leaving injured and dead in its wake.▪Another type of severe storms, the hurricanes and its counterparts in other parts of the words, are relatively large, intense tropical cyclones. ▪Although they do not contain the concentrated power of tornadoes, hurricanes are more energetic, larger and longer-lived, and therefore they can do more damage than tornadoes.▪Occasionally, individual violent storms can cause great losses.▪In some parts of the world extreme weather can take human tolls that nearly defy belief.▪For example, a tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh in November in 1970 took more than a quarter of million lives and rates as one of nature’s most devastating calamities.▪The storm was a Southeast Asian version of the South Atlantic hurricane.Commonly, thunderstorms extend to altitudes of about 10 km and often are topped by anvil clouds composed of the crystals blowing away from the main cloud regions.Although thunderstorms take on many sizes, shapes, and structures, they may be considered to fall into two broad categories: local or air mass thunderstorms and organized thunderstorms.▪Local storms are fairly isolated and have a short lifetime—less than an hour or so.▪A great deal was learned by flying instrumented airplanes through thunderstorms and by observing them by means of radar, radiosonde, and other ground-based instruments.▪A local thunderstorms is made up of one or more “cells” each of which follows a three-stage life cycle: cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage.Paragraph 10-1▪Under the cloud, even before rain reaches the ground, there often is a downward rush of cool air that spreads rapidly outward away from the cloud.▪Depending on the strength of the upper-level winds and of the downdraft, outflowing surface winds can range from light breezes to strong blasts.▪The cool air usually advances ahead of the thunderstorm, and sometimes does appreciable damage to vegetation and buildings.Paragraph 10-2▪The downdrafts and outflowing air and the associated wind shear represent a serious hazard to airplanes in the process of landing and taking off.▪Particularly strong downdrafts have been termed “downbursts” which are responsible for a number of crashes by commercial airlines.Hurricanes飓风Paragraph 11▪Tropical cyclones that occur over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and have maximum wind speeds greater than 32.6 m/s (73 mi/hr) are called hurricanes.▪Similar storms over the western North Pacific are called typhoons.▪The ones that develop over the Indian Ocean and affect India and southeast Asia are called cyclones.▪Hurricanes of the Pacific coast of Mexico have been named cyclones by the natives of the country.▪Various other names are used in other parts of the world.▪The paths followed by hurricanes are determined mostly by the prevailing wind currents in which the hurricanes are located.▪In their developing stages the storms are transported by easterly winds that prevail over the tropics.▪As the “steering” current changes, the hurricane path also changes.▪In some cases there are abrupt shifts in the direction of travel.▪As hurricanes move over land or over higher-latitude oceans, they become weaker.▪This occurs primarily because the energy input is reduced as the storm leaves the regions of warm ocean water.▪In addition, when a hurricane passes over a continent, the terrain exerts additional frictional force that act to reduce the speeds.▪Hurricanes passing over land can be very destructive and lethal.▪When hurricane Camille swept into Mississippi in August 1969, it caused about 1.5 billion of damage.▪The torrential rains from hurricane Agnes in 1972 caused massive flooding over the eastern United States.▪Although it was not true in the case of Agnes, loss of life and destruction of property usually are a result of the storm surge, a wave of ocean water generated by the hurricanes winds as the storm approaches the coast.▪A wall of water some 3m or more in height can be produced.▪As it swept over low-lying land, it can cause devastating floods.Hailstones冰雹Paragraph 14▪Hail usually is produced by large, long-lasting thunderstorm classified as multicell or supercell thunderstorms.▪The thunderstorm often are arranged in lines or bands that are call squall lines and occur most often in the spring and early summer months.▪These are the periods when atmospheric conditions are most favorable for the development of violent thunderstorms.▪According to a highly regarded hailstorm model, first offered by two English scientists, hailstones began to form in the water-rich, rising air that enters the cloud along its leading edge.▪As they grow by colliding with supercooled drops, the hailstones fall at increasing speeds through the air and intercept increasing quantities of supercooled water.▪If the updraft speed exceeds the terminal velocity of the hailstones, they are carried upward.▪The upper-level winds move them forward across the upper part of the storm to a region of weaker updrafts.▪If the updrafts are not strong enough to hold up the hailstones, they fall toward the ground.▪After descending several kilometers, some of the stones fall into the strong updraft core and are carried upward again for a second passage through the supercooled cloud.▪A series of such trips can lead to large hailstones.▪As ice particle starting with a diameter of 1 mm can grow to 3 cm after exposure to the high liquid water contents in a strong updraft.▪In thunderstorms with strong, persistent updrafts, large hailstones can be grown without the recycling process.Tornadoes龙卷▪Thunderstorms producing large hail are also likely to produce tornadoes.▪Contrary to the opinions of many people, tornadoes are not particularly energetic.▪ An average tornado contains much less energy than the thunderstorm that produces it, and is appreciably less energetic cyclone.▪But since the energy of a tornado is expended in a short period of time, its power-energy divided by time is relatively high.▪Because of their concentrated power, tornadoes are probably the most feared of all weather phenomena.▪They often strike suddenly, with little warning, and in a few minutes cause extensive damage to property, injuries, and loss of life.▪A tornado may have the appearance of a narrow funnel, cylinder, or rope extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground.▪The visible funnel consists mostly of water droplets formed by condensation in the funnel. Near the ground blowing dust, leaves, and other debris identify the presence of a strong vortex. ▪Tornadoes and weak visible vortex observed over water—most often in the tropics and subtropics—are called waterspouts.▪Tornadoes are generally small, typically less than a few hundred meters in diameter, but some are larger than 1 km.▪With rare exceptions the winds are cyclonic, that is , they blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.▪The funnels usually touch the ground for only a few minutes or so, but some have been reported to last for much more than an hour.▪The maximum wind speeds in tornadoes usually are between about 33 and 100 m/s (73 and 224 mi/hr), but occasionally they may exceed 120m/s.▪the higher the intensity rating, the greater is the damage potential of a tornado.▪Most of the fatalities and property destruction are caused by a small number of large, long-lived tornadoes.▪During the decade ending in 1970 fewer that 2 percent of the largest tornadoes accounted for 85 percent of the fatalities.▪Within a tornado there are still smaller, intense whirls that Fujita calls suction vortices.▪They have diameters of about 10 m.▪A small, short-lived tornado might have only one;a maxi-tornado would have many suction vortices.▪Fujita proposed that these small vortices account for occasional observations of virtually total destruction of one structure while another one 10 m away is left unscathed.▪The pressure in a tornado funnel is substantially lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.▪It has been estimated that in a very severe tornado the central pressure might be more than 100mb less than the pressure outside the funnel.▪The pressure differences between the interior and exterior of a tornado can account in part for the damage to buildings whose doors and windows are closed tightly.▪When a tornado moves over such a structure, the outside pressure drops rapidly while the pressure inside falls more slowly.▪The resulting pressure differences augment those caused by the dynamical effects of the wind.▪When the pressure inside a building substantially exceeds the pressure on the outside, the result is a strong outward pressure force.▪Such a force can do extensive damage; in some cases it could pick up the roof and blow out the wall of a building.▪Tornadoes– as is the case with hail – are most frequent in the late afternoon and early evening and occur in the spring and early summer months.▪It is during this period that the necessary meteorological conditions are most likely to be present.▪Even in these years of space exploration, many tornadoes are detected visually by ordinary citizens who spot the funnels and notify local officials.▪Increasingly, radar is being used to detect and track tornado storms.▪Conventional radars cannot specially identify a tornado, and therefore it is necessary to use characteristics of the radar echoes to infer the presence of the tornadoes.▪Occasionally, the shape of an echo is a good indication of the presence of ,or the impending formation of tornadoes.▪The most reliable such indicator is a hook-shaped echo extending from a thunderstorm, but most of the time the echo shape is of little use in ascertaining if there is a tornado.▪Thunderstorms that cause intense radar echoes that extend to great altitudes should be regarded as threats to produce hail and tornadoes.▪A Doppler radar can observe the same quantities as can a conventional radar, but in addition it can measure the speed, toward or away, from the radar of targets such as raindrops or other liquid or solid objects.▪Recent research has shown that Doppler radar can identify and locate tornadoes, sometimes as much as 20 minutes before the funnel reaches the ground.。
有关天气英语词汇大全
1、天气状况AM Clouds / PM Sun=上午有云/下午后晴AM Showers=上午阵雨AM Snow Showers=上午阵雪AM T-Storms=上午雷暴雨Clear=晴朗Cloudy=多云Cloudy / Wind=阴时有风Light Rain Shower=小阵雨Drifting Snow=飘雪Drizzle=毛毛雨Dust=灰尘Fair=晴Few Showers=短暂阵雨Few Snow Showers=短暂阵雪Fog=雾Haze=薄雾Hail=冰雹Heavy Rain=大雨Heavy Rain Icy=大冰雨Heavy Snow=大雪Heavy T-Storm=强烈雷雨Isolated T-Storms=局部雷雨Light Drizzle=微雨Light Rain=小雨Light Rain with Thunder=小雨有雷声Light Snow=小雪Light Snow Fall=小降雪Light Snow Grains=小粒雪Light Snow Shower=小阵雪Lightening=雷电Mist=薄雾Mostly Clear=大部晴朗Showers / Wind=阵雨时有风Mostly Cloudy=大部多云Mostly Sunny=晴时多云Rain Shower=阵雨Partly Cloudy=局部多云Partly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时有风PM Rain / Wind=下午小雨时有风PM Light Rain=下午小雨PM Showers=下午阵雨PM Snow Showers=下午阵雪PM T-Storms=下午雷雨Rain=雨Rain Shower/ Windy=阵雨/有风Rain / Snow Showers=雨或阵雪Rain / Snow Showers Early=下雨/早间阵雪Rain / Wind=雨时有风Rain and Snow=雨夹雪Scattered Showers=零星阵雨Scattered T-Storms=零星雷雨Showers=阵雨Showers Early=早有阵雨Showers Late=晚有阵雨Smoke=烟雾Snow=雪Snow / Rain Icy Mix=冰雨夹雪Snow and Fog=雾夹雪Snow Shower=阵雪Snowflakes=雪花Sunny=阳光Sunny / Wind=晴时有风Sunny Day=晴天Thunder=雷鸣Thunder in the Vicinity=周围有雷雨T-Storms=雷雨T-Storms Early=早有持续雷雨T-Storms Late=晚有持续雷雨Windy=有风Windy / Snowy=有风/有雪Windy Rain=刮风下雨Wintry Mix=雨雪混合Clouds Early / Clearing Late=早多云/晚转晴Light Rain Shower and Windy=小阵雨带风Few Snow Showers / Wind=短暂阵雪时有风Scattered Showers / Wind=零星阵雨时有风Scattered Snow Showers=零星阵雪Scattered Snow Showers / Wind=零星阵雪时有风Scattered Strong Storms=零星强烈暴风雨Mostly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时阴有风Showers in the Vicinity=周围有阵雨2、气象用语天气预报weather forecast 雪堆snowdrift 晴clear 阴天cloudy day 炎热scorching heat闷热天气muggy weather 反常天气freakish weather虹rainbow 雾fog 凉cool霜frost 露dew 雪snow雹hail 冰ice 雷thunder雪花snow flake 闪电lightning零度zero 寒冷chilly冰点freezing point 冰柱icicle地形雨local rains 雨量rainfall雨季rainy season 雨点raindrops间歇雨intermittent rain 大雨heavy rain甘霖welcome rain 滂沱大雨downpour风级wind scale 气压barometric pressure气团air mass 风眼eye of a storm气旋cyclone 低气压low-pressure高气压high-pressure 锋面frontal edge暖锋warm front 冷峰cold front3、风的名称。
气象专业英语词汇
主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite groundstation 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature pro 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图] delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学] cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of icenucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈] trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态] computational mode 计算模[态] model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑automatic data processing 自动资料处理structure function 结构函数split-explicit scheme 分离显式格式bogus data 人造[站]资料hydrostatic check 静力检查difference scheme 差分格式staggered grid 交错网格stagger scheme 交错格式nested grid 套网格pseudospectral method 假谱方法successive correction analysis 逐步订正法optimum interpolation method 最优插值法statistical interpolation method 统计插值法man-machine weather forecast 人机结合天气预报limited area model, LAM 有限区模式limited area fine-mesh model, LFM 有限区细网格模式。
气象用语英语词汇
气象用语英语词汇气象用语英语词汇气象用语英语词汇1、气候种类山地气候mountain climate 恒风constant wind 微风breeze冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate 逆风headwind 台风typhoon季风气候monsoon climate 高气压high-pressure 锋面frontal edge亚热带气候sub-tropical climate 气团air mass 热浪heat wave高原气候plateau climate 闪电lightning 雾fog海滨气候littoral climate 凉cool 霜frost极地气候polar climate 雪堆snowdrift 露dew热带气候tropical climate 寒冷chilly 3、风的名称温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate 间歇雨intermittent rain 无风calm温带干燥气候temperate arid climate 大雨heavy rain 轻风light breeze热带季风气候tropical monsson climate 信风trade wind 微风gentle breeze大陆气候continental climate 天气预报weather forecast 和风moderate breeze沙漠气候desert climate 甘霖welcome rain 清风fresh breeze沿海气候coastal climate 冰柱icicle 强风strong breeze高地气候highland climate 西北风northwester 疾风near gale海洋气候marine climate 地形雨local rains 大风gale森林气候forest climate 狂风squall 烈风strong gale温带气候temperate climate 雨季rainy season 狂风storm湿润气候humid climate 雨点raindrops 暴风violent storm温带草原气候temperate grassy climate 东北信风northeast trades 飓风hurricane热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate 东南风southeaster 台风typhoon热带海洋气候tropical marine climate 风级wind scale 龙卷风tornado2、气象用语虹rainbow 4、浪的名称小雨light rain 阵雨shower 平静calm毛毛雨drizzle,fine rain 疾风gusty wind 微波rippled反常天气freakish weather 气旋cyclone 微浪smooth wavelets北风north wind 气压barometric pressure 细浪light seas冰ice 阴天cloudy day 小浪moderate seas冰点freezing point 雪花snow flake 中浪rough seas西南风southwester 晴clear 大浪very rough seas冷峰cold front 顺风favorable wind 强浪high seas低气压low-pressure 闷热天气muggy weather 巨浪very high seas雨量rainfall 雹hail 狂浪monster waves东北风northeaster 雷thunder 5、自然灾害东风east wind 滂沱大雨downpour 火山地震volcanic earthquake炎热scorching heat 暖锋warm front 海啸tidal wave风眼eye of a storm 零度zero 山崩landslide零度以下subzero气象用语英语词汇相关内容:。
英语气象学相关词汇
disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难
devastation 破坏
submerge 淹没
drought 旱灾
英语气象学相关词汇
气象相关词汇
meteorology 气象
meteorologist 气象学家 forecast (predict) 预报 climate 气候
atmosphere 大气层
troposphere 对流层
current (气)流va Nhomakorabeaor 蒸汽
evaporate 蒸发
damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的
humidity 湿度
moisture 潮湿;水分
saturate 饱和
dew 露
frost 霜
fog (mist) 雾
smog 烟雾
droplet 小水珠
气象英语词汇
warm front 暖锋cold front 冷锋occluded front 锢囚锋point of occlusion 锢囚点cold occluded front 冷性锢囚锋warm occluded front 暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋rapidly moving cold front 快行冷锋slowly moving cold front 慢行冷锋anabatic front 上滑锋katabatic cold front 下滑锋principal front 主锋secondary front 副锋secondary cold front 副冷锋dry cold front 干冷锋stationary front 静止锋frontogenesis 锋生function of frontogenesis 锋生函数frontolysis 锋消orographic frontogenesis 地形锋生polar front 极锋arctic front 北极锋antarctic front 南极锋surface front 地面锋upper front 高空锋frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal weather 锋面天气warm front cloud system 暖锋云系cold front cloud system 冷锋云系frontal precipitation 锋面降水orographic occluded front 地形锢囚锋North China occluded front 华北锢囚锋orographic stationary front 地形静止锋South China quasi-stationary front 华南准静止锋Kunming quasi-stationary front 昆明准静止锋Tianshan quasi-stationary front 天山准静止锋synoptic analysis 天气分析synoptic situation 天气形势synoptic process 天气过程synoptic system 天气系统planetary scale system 行星尺度系统synoptic scale system 天气尺度系统subsynoptic scale system 次天气尺度系统mesoscale system 中尺度系统microscale system 小尺度系统circulation pattern 环流型upper-level jet stream 高空急流low-level jet stream 低空急流boundary layer jet stream 边界层急流cold wave 寒潮cold outburst 寒潮爆发tropical meteorology 热带气象学intertropocal convergence zone, ITCZ 热带辐合带tropical easterlies jet 热带东风急流tropical high 热带高压tropical circulation 热带环流tropical monsoon 热带季风equatorial buffer zone 赤道缓冲带easterly wave 东风波subtropical easterlies 副热带东风带subtropical calms 副热带无风带subtropical westerlies 副热带西风带tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical disturbance 热带扰动tropical depression 热带低压tropical storm 热带风暴typhoon 台风binary typhoons 双台风typhoon eye 台风眼storm center 风暴中心storm surge 风暴潮storm of Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾风暴Meiyu, plum rain 梅雨Meiyu front 梅雨锋onset of Meiyu 入梅ending of Meiyu 出梅Meiyu period 梅雨期returning flow weather 回流天气downburst 下击暴流El Nino 厄尔尼诺ENSO 恩索La Nina 拉尼娜southern oscillation, SO 南方涛动quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO 准两年振荡equatorial low 赤道低压equatorial easterlies 赤道东风带equatorial westerlies 赤道西风带equatorial calms 赤道无风带polar meteorology 极地气象学polar vortex 极涡circumpolar westerlies 绕极西风带arctic anticyclone 北极反气旋polar low 极地低压polar anticyclone 极地反气旋weather forecast 天气预报severe weather warning 危险天气警报urban weather 城市天气severe tropical storm 强热带风暴single station [weather] forecast 单站[天气]预报supplementary [weather] forecast 补充[天气]预报nowcast 临近预报foehn effect 焚风效应heat wave 热浪plateau meteorology 高原气象学Qinghai-Xizang high 青藏高压mountain meteorology 山地气象学very short-range [weather] forecast 甚短期[天气]预报short-range [weather] forecast 短期[天气]预报medium-range [weather] forecast 中期[天气]预报long-range [weather] forecast 长期[天气]预报extra long-range [weather] forecast 超长期[天气]预报extended forecast 延伸预报persistence forecast 持续性预报seasonal forecast 季节预报statistical forecast 统计预报objective forecast 客观预报perfect prediction 完全预报subjective forecast 经验预报regional forecast 区域预报forecast amendment 订正预报local forecast 局地预报predictability 可预报性deterministic prediction 确定性预报forecast accuracy 预报准确率operational forecast 业务预报predictor 预报因子predictand 预报量weather outlook 天气展望synoptic code 天气电码forecast score 预报评分forecast verification 预报检验local weather 地方性天气natural synoptic period 自然天气周期natural synoptic season 自然天气季节natural synoptic region 自然天气区07. 气候学climatology 气候学marine climatology 海洋气候学aviation climatology 航空气候学aeroclimatology 高空气候学tropical climatology 热带气候学synoptic climatology 天气气候学statistical climatology 统计气候学climatological statistics 气候统计学satellite climatology 卫星气候学physical climatology 物理气候学dynamic climatology 动力气候学mountain climatology 山地气候学topoclimatology 地形气候学macroclimatology 大气候学microclimatology 小气候学applied climatology 应用气候学environment climatology 环境气候学paleoclimatology 古气候学climate 气候climatic element 气候要素factors for climatic formation 气候形成因子climatological observation 气候观测climatic monitoring 气候监测solar climate 太阳气候ideal climate 理想气候global climate 全球气候global climate system 全球气候系统macroclimate 大气候mesoclimate 中气候microclimate 小气候regional climate 区域气候local climate 局地气候topoclimate 地形气候urban climate 城市气候indoor climate 室内气候paleoclimate 古气候continental climate 大陆性气候marine climate 海洋性气候arid climate 干旱气候semi-arid climate 半干旱气候humid climate 湿润气候warm-wet climate 湿热气候coastal climate 滨海气候nival climate 冰雪气候glacioclimate 冰川气候antarctic climate 南极气候arctic climate 北极气候mountain climate 山地气候plateau climate 高原气候vertical climatic zone 垂直气候带forest climate 森林气候diurnal variation 日变化departure 距平diurnal range 日较差annual range 年较差annual mean 年平均annual amount 年总量season 季节seasonality 季节性transition season 过渡季节frost peroid 霜期frost day 霜日rainy season 雨季hot season 热季cool season 凉季continentality 大陆度oceanity 海洋度air-sea interaction 海气相互作用water cycle 水循环drought frequency 干旱频数drought index 干旱指数dry season 干季dry spell 干期aridity 干燥度moisture index 湿润度greenhouse effect 温室效应heat island effect 热岛效应heat sink 热汇heat source 热源heat balance 热量平衡climatography 气候志periodogram 周期图climatic map 气候图climatic atlas 气候图集pentad 候wind rose 风玫瑰图wind vector 风矢量average wind velocity 平均风速resultant wind 合成风firn 永久积雪firn line 永久雪线isoneph 等云量线isochion 等雪量线isohel 等日照线climatological front 气候锋planetary wind system 行星风系trade winds 信风anti-trade 反信风temperate westerlies 温带西风带monsoon 季风summer monsoon 夏季风winter monsoon 冬季风East Asian monsoon 东亚季风plateau monsoon 高原季风monsoon burst 季风爆发monsoon onset 季风建立monsoon depression 季风低压monsoon circulation 季风环流monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon region 季风区monsoon index 季风指数break monsoon 季风中断climatic type 气候型climatic classification 气候分类climate regionalization 气候区划climatic region 气候区climatic belt, climaic zone 气候带polar climate 极地气候subarctic climate 副极地气候temperate climate 温带气候subtropical climate 副热带气候tropical climate 热带气候equatorial climate 赤道气候K?ppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类tropical climate A 热带气候类tropical rainy climate 热带常湿气候亚类tropical winter dry climate 热带冬干气候亚类tropical monsoon rain climate 热带季风雨气候亚类arid climate 干燥气候类steppe climate 草原气候亚类desert climate 沙漠气候亚类winter moderate climate 冬温气候类winter moderate and winter dry climate 冬温冬干气候亚类winter moderate and summer dry climate 冬温夏干气候亚类winter moderate and rainy climate 冬温常湿气候亚类winter cold climate 冬寒气候类winter cold and rainy climate 冬寒常湿气候亚类winter cold and winter dry climate 冬寒冬干气候亚类polar climate 极地气候类tundra climate 苔原气候亚类perpetual frost climate 永冻气候亚类Thornthwaite's climatic classification 桑思韦特气候分类climatic analysis 气候分析climatic data 气候资料climatic statistics 气候统计climatic persistence 气候持续性climatic non-periodic variation 气候非周期变化climatic periodic variation 气候周期性变化climatic sensitivity 气候敏感性climate resources 气候资源climatic probability 气候概率climatic variability 气候变率interannual variability 年际变率climatological standard normals 气候标准平均值energy balance model 能量平衡模式statistical-dynamic model 统计动力模式nuclear winter 核冬天climatic variation 气候变迁climatic change 气候变化climatic oscillation 气候振荡climatic fluctuation 气候振动climatic revolution 气候演变climatic reconstruction 气候重建climate periodicity 气候周期性climatic simulation 气候模拟climate sensitivity experiment 气候敏感性实验climatic diagnosis 气候诊断teleconnection 遥相关probability forecast 概率预报abrupt change of climate 气候突变climatic deterioration 气候恶化desertization, desertification 荒漠化climatic trend 气候趋势climatic adaptation, acclimatization 气候适应climatic impact 气候影响climatic domestication 气候驯化climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic prediction 气候预测climate noise 气候噪声climate damage 气候灾害climatic feedback mechanism 气候反馈机制numerical climatic classification 数值气候分类climatic assessment 气候评价dendroclimatology 树木年轮气候学dendroclimatography 树木年轮气候志historical climate 历史气候ice age 冰期little ice age 小冰期interglacial period 间冰期post-glacial climate 冰后期气候Quaternary climate 第四纪气候climate modification 人工影响气候artificial microclimate 人工小气候phytotron 人工气候室phenological division 物候分区phenological observation 物候观测phenodate 物候日phenospectrum 物候谱phenogram 物候图isophene 等物候线duration of frost-free period 无霜期08. 应用气象学applied meteorology 应用气象学agricultural meteorology, agrometeorology 农业气象学evapotranspiration 蒸散transpiration 蒸腾potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸散soil water balance 土壤水分平衡soil water content 土壤含水量effective precipitation 有效降水critical period of [crop] water requirement [作物]需水临界期precipitation inversion 降水逆减saturation moisture capacity 饱和持水量[absolute] soil moisture 土壤[绝对]湿度relative soil moisture 土壤相对湿度field capacity 田间持水量wilting moisture 凋萎湿度soil evaporation 土壤蒸发soil water potential 土壤水势crop water requirement 作物需水量surface temperature 地面温度ground temperature 地温soil temperature 土壤温度active temperature 活动温度effective temperature 有效温度optimum temperature 最适温度accumulated temperature 积温active accumulated temperature 活动积温effective accumulated temperature 有效积温agricultural threshold temperature 农业界限温度leaf temperature 叶温frozen soil 冻土maximum depth of frozen ground 最大冻土深度photoperiodism 光周期[性]thermoperiodism 温周期[性] photosynthetically active radiation, PAR 光合有效辐射illumination length 光照长度critical day-length 临界光长photophase 光照阶段light resources 光资源heat resources 热量资源agrometeorological observation 农业气象观测agrometeorological model 农业气象模式twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气agrometeorological hazard 农业气象灾害dry hot wind 干热风late spring cold 倒春寒low temperature damage in autumn 寒露风dark frost 黑霜freezing injury 冻害frost injury 霜冻wet damage 湿害hot damage 热害cool damage 冷害wind damage 风害chilling injury 寒害snow damage 雪灾hail damage 雹灾drought damage 旱灾drought 干旱agrometeorological forecast 农业气象预报agrometeorological information 农业气象情报agrometeorological index 农业气象指标agricultural climatology, agroclimatiology 农业气候学agroclimatic evaluation 农业气候评价agroclimatic analysis 农业气候分析agroclimatic atlas 农业气候图集agroclimatic demarcation, agroclimatic division 农业气候区划agroclimatic resources 农业气候资源climatic risk analysis 气候风险分析agroclimatic analogy 农业气候相似agroclimatic potential productivity [农业]气候生产潜力agroclimatic index 农业气候指标agroclimatic classification 农业气候分类meteorological proverb 气候谚语agroclimatography 农业气候志phenology 物候学phenophase 物候期phytoclimatology 植物气候学agricultural microclimate 农业小气候microclimate in the fields 农田小气候biometeorology 生物气象学biological zero point 生物学零度animal husbandry meteorology 畜牧气象学soil climate 土壤气候phytoclimate 植物[小]气候marginal effect 边际效应vegetation index 植被指数meteorology of crops 作物气象ecoclimatology 生态气候学bioclimatology 生物气候学aeronautical meteorology 航空气象学aviation meteorological observation 航空气象观测aviation area [weather] forecast 航空区域[天气]预报aviation meteorological information 航空气象情报aeronautical climate regionalization 航空气候区划airplane meteorological sounding 飞机气象探测significant meteorological information 重要气象情报hazardous weather message 危险天气通报aerodrome hazardous weather warning 机场危险天气警报meteorogram 天气实况演变图aviation meteorological element 航空气象要素ICAO standard atmosphere 国际民航组织标准大气flight visibility 空中能见度runway visual range 跑道能见度icing on runway 跑道积冰meteorological minimum 最低气象条件aerodrome meteorological minimum 机场最低气象条件unflyable weather 禁飞天气plain-language report 明语气象报告aviation meteorological code 航空气象电码pilot meteorological report 飞行员气象报告aviation meteorological support 航空气象保障appointed airdrome weather report 机场预约天气报告aircraft weather reconnaissance 飞机天气侦察VOLMET broadcast 对空气象广播aviation [weather] forecast 航空[天气]预报air route [weather] forecast 航线[天气]预报amendment of aviation weather forecast 航空天气订正预报landing [weather] forecast 着陆[天气]预报aerodrome special weather report 机场特殊天气报告altimeter setting 高度表拨定[值]aircraft icing 飞机积冰clear air turbulence, CAT 晴空湍流aircraft bumpiness 飞机颠簸aircraft trail 飞机尾迹[exhaust]contrail [废气]凝结尾迹[exhaust] evaporation trail [废气]蒸发尾迹aircraft wake 飞机尾流low-level wind shear 低空风切变airdrome pressure 场面气压tail wind 顺风cross wind 侧风head wind 逆风navigation wind 航行风wind sleeve 风向袋aeronautical climatography 航空气候志military meteorology 军事气象学military meteorological support 军事气象保障military climatography 军事气候志military meteorological information 军事气象情报ballistic wind 弹道风ballistic temperature 弹道温度ballistic air density 弹道空气密度medical meteorology 医疗气象学biometeorological index 生物气象指数sensible temperature 感觉温度wind-chill index 风寒指数comfort index 舒适指数discomfort index 不适指数comfort current 舒适气流comfort temperature 舒适温度industrial climate 工业气候degree-day 度日heating degree-day 采暖度日cooling degree-day 冷却度日water resources 水资源building climate 建筑气候wind induced oscillation 风振climate stress load 气候应力荷载snow load 雪荷载wind stress 风应力wind load 风荷载building climate demarcation 建筑气候区划predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 盛行风wind velocity fluctuation 风速脉动wind pressure 风压maximum wind pressure 最大风压coefficient of wind pressure 风压系数windage effect 风阻影响steady wind pressure 稳定风压maximum instantaneous wind speed 最大瞬时风速maximum design wind speed 最大设计平均风速breaking wind speed 破坏风速snow pressure 雪压energy source meteorology 能源气象学wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源effective wind speed 有效风速available wind energy 有效风能wind energy rose 风能玫瑰[图]wind energy potential 风能潜力wind energy demarcation 风能区划wind energy content 风能资源储量wind energy density 风能密度wind site assessment 风场评价wind farm 风力田solar energy resources 太阳能资源solar energy demarcation 太阳能区划pollution meteorology 污染气象学atmospheric background 大气本底[值]atmospheric pollution 大气污染air pollution 空气污染sampling interval 采样间隔atmospheric quality standard 大气品位标准atmospheric pollution sources 大气污染源primary pollutant 原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大气净化atmospheric diffusion equation 大气扩散方程[environment] atmospheric quality monitoring [环境]大气质量监测air pollution modeling 空气污染模拟air pollution model 空气污染模式air pollutant emission 空气污染物排放loading of air pollutant 空气污染物含量air pollutant emission standard 空气污染物排放标准floating dust 飘尘dustfall 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶ash cloud 烟灰云smog 烟雾smoke screen 烟幕blood-snow 血雪blood-rain 血雨acid rain 酸雨precipitation acidity 降水酸度plume type 烟羽类型plume rise 烟羽抬升plume height 烟羽高度buoyant plume 浮升烟羽stratospheric pollution 平流层污染fallout 沉降物fallout wind 沉降风urban air pollution 城市空气污染smoke 烟smoke plume 烟羽atmospheric pollution monitoring 大气污染监测assessment of atmospheric environment 大气环境评价atmospheric environment capacity 大气环境容量forest meteorology 森林气象学forest limit temperature 森林界限温度maximum shelter distance 最大防护距离wind break 风障forest-fire [weather] forecast 林火[天气]预报weather grade of forest 森林火险天气等级forest microclimate 森林小气候hydrometeorology 水文气象学flood period 汛期high flow year 丰水年low flow year 枯水年normal flow year 平水年water budget 水分收支probable maximum flood 可能最大洪水hydrometeorological forecast 水文气象预报design torrential rain 设计暴雨precipitable water 可降水量probable maximum precipitation, PMP 可能最大降水area mean rainfall 区域平均雨量marine meteorology 海洋气象学marine weather forecast 海洋天气预报marine meteorological code 海洋气象电码sea surface radiation 海面辐射sea surface temperature, SST 海面温度sea surface albedo 海面反照率brave west wind 咆哮西风带arctic [sea] smoke 北冰洋[烟]雾gale warning 大风警报meteorological shipping route 气象航线optimum route 最佳航线meteorological navigation 气象导航。
气象学术英语核心词汇
词汇A词汇词义a10-level limited area primitive equation model10层有限区域原始方程模式a low-level jet低层急流a low-level polar trough低空极地槽a strong vortex强大的涡旋absolute humidity绝对湿度（a，等效于水汽密度ρv）absolute vorticity绝对涡度active-monsoon periods季风活跃期aerological commission高空(气象)委员会aerosol气溶胶air density空气密度air masses气团air-mass interface气团界面altostratus高层云an ice particle冰粒子annual cycle年循环anticlockwise逆时针anvil cloud(s)砧状云area weighted average面积加权平均atmospheric blocking大气阻塞atmospheric pressure大气压词汇B词汇词义baroclinic atmosphere斜压大气baroclinicity斜压性barotropic正压的barotropic atmosphere正压大气barotropic forecast正压（模式）预报1词汇词义blizzard occur暴风雪boundary conditions边界条件boundary layer边界层break phase of the monsoon季风中断期break-monsoon季风中断词汇C词汇词义carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon emission碳排放central difference中心差分/中央差分cirrostratus卷层云cirrus卷云climate change气候变化clockwise顺时针cold front冷锋cold occlusion冷式锢囚锋cold pool冷池computational stability计算稳定性condensation level凝结高度convective cloud band对流云带convective instability对流稳定性convergence辐合conveyor belt传送带correlation coefficient相关系数cumulonimbus积雨云curtail缩减2词汇D词汇词义database数据库day-to-day change日变化diagnostic equation诊断方程discharge of carbon dioxide二氧化碳排放divergence辐散divergence of the geostrophic wind地转风散度dominant characteristic显性特性doppler radar多普勒雷达downburst(s)下击暴流downdraft下沉气流drizzle毛毛雨dynamical instability动力不稳定dynamical meteorology动力气象学dynamics of the atmosphere大气动力学词汇E词汇词义earth’s albedo地球行星反照率earth’s surface地球表面easterly wind东风eddy motion涡旋运动eddy-viscosity forces湍流黏性力effective grid length足够的网格距el niño and southern oscillation厄尔尼诺和南方涛动emission control排放控制exosphere逃逸层extended range prediction延伸（中期）预报extreme weather极端天气3词汇F词汇词义finite difference有限差分finite difference methods有限差分方法finite differences有限差分floating ice浮冰fossil fuels化石燃料free atmosphere自由大气freezing level冻结高度freezing rain冻雨freezing rain冻雨friction layer（上部）摩擦层，又称为Ekman层（Ekman layer）frictional force摩擦力frontal cloud锋面云frontal wave cyclone锋面波气旋frontal wave depression锋面波低压frontal waves锋面波frontal zone锋区frontogenesis锋生frontolysis锋消fundamental equations基本方程组词汇G词汇词义general circulation大气环流geopotential instability位势不稳定geostrophic approximation地转近似geostrophic wind地转风global community国际社会global warming全球变暖4词汇词义gravity wave重力波grazing animals食草动物greenhouse gases温室气体greenhouse warming温室效应ground-based地基的ground-based instrument地基装置词汇H词汇词义Hadley circulation哈得来环流hailstone冰雹hailstorm雹暴hailstorm model冰雹模式heat source热源heavy downpour倾盆大雨high concentration高浓度horizontal and vertical gradient of temperature水平和垂直温度梯度horizontal and vertical gradients of wind风的水平和垂直梯度horizontal grid水平网格horizontal inhomogeneity水平不均匀horizontal resolution水平分辨率human activities人类活动hurricane龙卷词汇I词汇词义in terms of就……看in the history of civilization文明史5词汇词义index of the southern oscillation南方涛动指数indian monsoon印度季风区indian monsoon rainfall印度季风降水individual weather disturbance个别天气扰动infrared radiation红外辐射infrastructure基础设施inhomogeneous不均匀intermediate layer中间层interplanetary space星际空间isobaric pattern等压模式isothermal temperature distribution等温分布词汇L词汇词义lapse rate直减率large-scale atmospheric phenomena大尺度大气现象large-scale heat and momentum transfer长距离热量、动量传输latent heat of condensation凝结潜热leading edge前沿lifting condensation level抬升凝结高度(LCL) long-range forecasting长期预测long-term record长期记录long-term variation长期变率longwave radiation长波辐射lower clouds低云low-frequency change低频变化#词汇M6marine life海洋生物Massachusetts Institute of Technology abbr.MIT麻省理工学院medium and high-level clouds中高层云melt snow融雪mesopause中间层顶meso-scale models中尺度模型meso-scale precipitation areas(mpas)中尺度降水区域mesosphere中层meteorological literature气象文献meteorological parameters气象要素middle and high latitudes中高纬mid-latitude weather中纬度天气mid-latitude weather variation中纬度天气变化modified cold air变性冷空气moisture convergence水汽辐合momentum flux动量通量momentum transfer动量输送monsoon季风monsoon breaks季风中断monsoon onset季风爆发monsoon region季风区monsoon system季风系统multicell or supercell thunderstorms多单体/超级单体雷暴multicell thunderstorms多单体雷暴mutual stagnation相互停滞词汇Nnatural evolution自然进化nimbostratus雨层云non-adiabatic heating非绝热性加热non-divergent level无辐散层7natural evolution自然进化non-filtered equation非滤波方程（即原始方程）non-hydrostatic mesoscale models非静力中尺度模式northern hemisphere北半球Norwegian meteorologist挪威气象学家numerical integration数值积分numerical model数值模型numerical solution数值解词汇O词汇词义objective analysis scheme客观分析方案observed situation观察情况ocean-atmosphere system海气系统operational forecasting业务预报operational forecasting of monsoon rainfall季风降水业务预报orographic barrier/orographic effects地形屏障作用/地形作用orographic effects地形效应oxygen molecule氧气分子ozone layer臭氧层ozone molecule臭氧分子词汇P词汇词义parallel tracks并行轨道parameterizing physical processes参数法物理过程partial differential equations偏微分方程photochemical reaction光化学反应physical processes物理过程8词汇词义polar and middle latitudes两极和中纬度positive feedback正反馈potential instability位势不稳定practical values实用价值pressure differences气压差prevailing current盛行气流prevailing wind盛行风primitive equation原始方程primitive equation models原始方程模型prognostic equation预报方程词汇Q词汇词义quasi-biennial oscillation准双年振荡词汇R词汇词义radar echo雷达回波rainfall intensity降水强度rainy season雨季relative humidity相对湿度（RH）词汇S9词汇词义salinity of marshes沼泽盐度sea level rise海平面上升sea surface temperature海面温度seasonal evaporation季节性蒸发set out阐明severe storm强风暴short-term variation短期变率shortwave radiation短波辐射sigma coordinate systemσ坐标系significant variation显著变化small-scale convection cells小尺度对流单体snow cover积雪soil moisture土壤湿度solar power太阳能solar radiation太阳辐射southern hemisphere南半球spatial coherence空间相干性specific humidity比湿（q）squall lines飑线square horizontal grid水平网格state of art最新水平state of ground地形状态steering current引导气流storm surge风暴潮stratiform cloud band层状云带stratocumulus层积云stratopause平流层顶stratosphere平流层stratus层云stream function流函数strong blast强风subsidence inversion下沉逆温10词汇词义subtropical continent副热带大陆suction vortices抽吸涡旋summer hemisphere夏半球summer monsoon夏季季风summer monsoon rainfall夏季季风降水supercell thunderstorms超单体雷暴supercooled drops过冷水滴synoptic and dynamical framework天气动力框架synoptic and dynamical meteorology天气动力气象学synoptic meteorology天气学synoptic scale天气尺度systematic errors系统性误差词汇T词汇词义temperate cyclone温带气旋temperate latitude cyclone温带气旋temperature inversion逆温the annual cycle年循环the arabian sea阿拉伯海the atlantic ocean大西洋the distribution of precipitation降水分布the indian ocean印度洋the intensity of the monsoon rains季风雨强度the ocean-atmosphere systems海气系统the quasi-biennial oscillation(qbo)and atmospheric blocking准双年振荡和大气阻塞the rain season雨季the western north pacific西北太平洋the whole indian monsoon rainfall全印度季风降水thermal low-pressure热低压11词汇词义thermally forced planetary scale热力强迫行星尺度thermodynamic effect热力学效应thermodynamic effects热力效应thermopause热层顶thermosphere热层time step时间步长topography and exchanges of energy地形与能量交换tornado龙卷风transition region过渡区tropical cyclone热带气旋tropical cyclone热带气旋tropical deforestation热带森林砍伐tropics热带tropopause对流层顶troposphere对流层tropospheric jet对流层急流typhoon台风词汇U词汇词义ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射updraft上升气流upper sphere上层大气upper-level wind高空风词汇V12词汇词义vertical and horizontal directions垂直和水平方向vertical inhomogeneity垂直不均匀vertical motion垂直运动vertical temperature profile垂直温度廓线vertical velocity垂直速度vertical velocity垂直速度visible light可见光volcanic eruption火山爆发vorticity equation涡度方程词汇W词汇词义Walker circulation沃克环流warm front暖锋warm occlusion暖式锢囚锋warm sector暖区water droplets水滴water vapor蒸汽waterspouts水龙卷wave depression波状低压weather disturbances天气扰动weather map天气图westerly wind西风wind shear风切变、热成风winter hemisphere冬半球winter monsoon冬季季风world meteorological organization abbr.WMO.世界气象组织13。
与天气相关的英语词汇
一、天气状况 二、气象用语 三、风的名称 四、自然灾害 五、气候类型
天气状况
晴朗: Clear/fair 小阵雨： Light rain shower 毛毛雨： Drizzle 大雨; Heavy rain 阵雪： Few snow shower 小降雪 Light snow fall/shower 局部雷雨 Isolated T-storm
•Thank you
飘雪： Drifting snow 局部多云 Partly cloudy 阵雨时有风： Showers/wind 雾： Fog 薄雾: Haze/mist 雾霾： Smog 雷暴雨： T-storm
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雨夹雪： Rain and snow 早（晚）有阵雨： Showers early/late 零星阵雨 Scattered showers 雨雪混合： Wintry mix 雪花： Snowflake
气候种类
• • • • • • • • • • • • 山地气候：mountain climate 季风气候：monsoon climate 高原气候：plateau climate 极地气候：polar climate 温带沙漠气候：temperate desert climate 热带季风气候：tropical monsoon climate 高地气候：highland climate 湿润气候：humid climate 热带雨林气候：tropical rainy climate 冬季季风气候：winter monsoon climate 亚热带气候：sub-tropical climate 海滨气候：littoral climate
甘霖： Welcome rain 风级： Wind scale 气旋： Cyclone 高气压： High-pressure 暖锋： Warm front 间歇雨; Intermittent rain 气团： Air mass
关于天气的英语词汇以及关于天气的句型大全
词汇：1、天气状况AM Clouds / PM Sun=上午有云/下午后晴AM Showers=上午阵雨AM Snow Showers=上午阵雪AM T-Storms=上午雷暴雨Clear=晴朗Cloudy=多云Cloudy / Wind=阴时有风Clouds Early / Clearing Late=早多云/晚转晴Drifting Snow=飘雪Drizzle=毛毛雨Dust=灰尘Fair=晴Few Showers=短暂阵雨Few Snow Showers=短暂阵雪Few Snow Showers / Wind=短暂阵雪时有风Fog=雾Haze=薄雾Hail=冰雹Heavy Rain=大雨Heavy Rain Icy=大冰雨Heavy Snow=大雪Heavy T-Storm=强烈雷雨Isolated T-Storms=局部雷雨Light Drizzle=微雨Light Rain=小雨Light Rain Shower=小阵雨Light Rain Shower and Windy=小阵雨带风Light Rain with Thunder=小雨有雷声Light Snow=小雪Light Snow Fall=小降雪Light Snow Grains=小粒雪Light Snow Shower=小阵雪Lightening=雷电Mist=薄雾Mostly Clear=大部晴朗Mostly Cloudy=大部多云Mostly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时阴有风Mostly Sunny=晴时多云Partly Cloudy=局部多云Partly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时有风PM Rain / Wind=下午小雨时有风PM Light Rain=下午小雨PM Showers=下午阵雨PM Snow Showers=下午阵雪PM T-Storms=下午雷雨Rain=雨Rain Shower=阵雨Rain Shower/ Windy=阵雨/有风Rain / Snow Showers=雨或阵雪Rain / Snow Showers Early=下雨/早间阵雪Rain / Wind=雨时有风Rain and Snow=雨夹雪Scattered Showers=零星阵雨Scattered Showers / Wind=零星阵雨时有风Scattered Snow Showers=零星阵雪Scattered Snow Showers / Wind=零星阵雪时有风Scattered Strong Storms=零星强烈暴风雨Scattered T-Storms=零星雷雨Showers=阵雨Showers Early=早有阵雨Showers Late=晚有阵雨Showers / Wind=阵雨时有风Showers in the Vicinity=周围有阵雨Smoke=烟雾Snow=雪Snow / Rain Icy Mix=冰雨夹雪Snow and Fog=雾夹雪Snow Shower=阵雪Snowflakes=雪花Sunny=阳光Sunny / Wind=晴时有风Sunny Day=晴天Thunder=雷鸣Thunder in the Vicinity=周围有雷雨T-Storms=雷雨T-Storms Early=早有持续雷雨T-Storms Late=晚有持续雷雨Windy=有风Windy / Snowy=有风/有雪Windy Rain=刮风下雨Wintry Mix=雨雪混合2、气象用语天气预报 weather forecast]晴 clear阴天 cloudy day炎热 scorching heat闷热天气 muggy weather反常天气 freakish weather虹 rainbow雾 fog凉 cool霜 frost露 dew雪 snow雹 hail雷 thunder冰 ice雪堆 snowdrift雪花 snow flake闪电 lightning零度 zero寒冷 chilly冰点 freezing point冰柱 icicle地形雨 local rains雨量 rainfall雨季 rainy season雨点 raindrops间歇雨 intermittent rain 大雨 heavy rain甘霖 welcome rain滂沱大雨 downpour风级 wind scale气压 barometric pressure 气团 air mass风眼 eye of a storm气旋 cyclone低气压 low-pressure高气压 high-pressure锋面 frontal edge暖锋 warm front冷峰 cold front3、风的名称恒风 constant wind微风 breeze无风 calm轻风 light breeze信风 trade wind微风 gentle breeze和风 moderate breeze逆风 headwind台风 typhoon清风 fresh breeze强风 strong breeze西北风 northwester疾风 near gale大风 gale狂风 squall烈风 strong gale东北风 northeaster狂风 storm暴风 violent storm东北信风 northeast trades 飓风 hurricane东南风 southeaster台风 typhoon龙卷风 tornado西南风 southwester北风 north wind疾风 gusty wind顺风 favorable wind东风 east wind4、浪的名称热浪 heat wave强浪 high seas微浪 smooth wavelets细浪 light seas小浪 moderate seas中浪 rough seas大浪 very rough seas巨浪 very high seas微波 rippled狂浪 monster waves5、自然灾害自然灾害 Natural Disaster 地震 earthquake火山地震 volcanic earthquake海啸 tidal wave山崩 landslide雪崩 avalanche火山泥流 lahar泥石流 mudflow/landslide超级火山爆发 supervolcano洪水 flood大(或急剧的)漩涡 maelstrom海啸 Tsunami暴风雪 blizzard （呵呵）干旱 Drought雹暴 Hailstorm热浪 heat wave飓风（台风）Hurricanes, Tropical cyclones, and Typhoons 冰雹 ice storm龙卷风 tornado冰河时代 ice age森林大火 wildfire流行病 Epidemic饥荒 Famine太阳耀斑 Solar flare6.气候种类山地气候 mountain climate冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate季风气候 monsoon climate亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate高原气候 plateau climate海滨气候 littoral climate极地气候 polar climate热带气候 tropical climate温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate大陆气候 continental climate沙漠气候 desert climate沿海气候 coastal climate高地气候 highland climate海洋气候 marine climate森林气候 forest climate温带气候 temperate climate湿润气候 humid climate温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate句型：1. 询问天气情况的常用套语：How’s the weather today? 今天天气怎样?What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎样?How’s the weather tomorrow? 明天天气怎样?What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天天气怎样?What will the weather be like tomorrow? 明天天气怎样?How’s the weather in Beijing in summer? 夏天北京天气怎样?What’s the weather like in London in winter?伦敦冬天天气怎样?Is the weather always like this? 天气老是这样吗?Is it always as hot (cold) as this? 天气总是这样热(冷)吗?What do you think of the weather here? 你认为这儿天气怎样?How do you like our weather? 你认为我们这儿天气怎样?What’s the temperature today, do you know? 今天的气温是多少,你知道吗?What does the weather forecast[man] say? 天气预报是怎么说的?What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow? 明天的天气预报怎么说?What’s the average temperature in London on a summer’s day? 伦敦夏天的平均气温是多少?2. 谈论天气变化的常用套语：It looks like rain [raining]. 看来要下雨了。
气象常用专业英语词汇
气象常用专业英语词汇主题词表pressure gradient 气压梯度English Chinese barometric height formula 压高公式01. 大气pressure gradient force 气压梯度力atmospheric science 大气科学Coriolis force 科里奥利力meteorology 气象学water vapor 水[蒸]汽atmosphere 大气water vapor pressure 水汽压atmospheric impurity 大气杂质humidity 湿度atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物relative humidity 相对湿度atmospheric composition 大气成分absolute humidity 绝对湿度atmospheric mass 大气质量specific humidity 比湿atmospheric density 大气密度mixing ratio 混合比atmospheric subdivision 大气分层dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) homosphere 均质层depression of the dew point （温度）露点差heterosphere 非均质层super-saturated air 过饱和空气standard [pressure] level 标准层saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿isothermal layer 等温层saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压lower atmosphere 低层大气saturation deficit 饱和差middle atmosphere 中层大气cloud 云upper atmosphere 高层大气low cloud 低云troposphere 对流层middle cloud 中云tropopause 对流层顶high cloud 高云stratosphere 平流层cloud amount 云量stratopause 平流层顶cloud height 云高mesosphere 中间层cloud genera 云属mesopause 中间层顶cloud etage 云族thermosphere 热层cloud species 云种exosphere 外[逸]层cloud variety 云类ionosphere 电离层cloud form 云状magnetosphere 磁层cirrus, Ci 卷云ozonosphere 臭氧层cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云free atmosphere 自由大气cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云planetary atmosphere 行星大气altocumulus, Ac 高积云standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考altostratus, As 高层云大气）cumulus, Cu 积云homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云isothermal atmosphere 等温大气cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云polytropic atmosphere 多元大气cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云scale height 大气标高cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云meteorological element 气象要素stratocumulus, Sc 层积云air temperature 气温stratus, St 层云wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云dry-bulb temperature 干球温度stratiform cloud 层状云atmospheric pressure 气压cumuliform cloud 积状云standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压cold cloud 冷云station pressure 本站气压warm cloud 暖云sea-level pressure 海平面气压ice cloud 冰云10/ 1气象常用专业英语词汇wind 风precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水wind direction 风向convective precipitation 对流性降水wind speed, wind velocity 风速orographic precipitation 地形降水maximum wind speed 最大风速rain 极大风速雨extreme wind speedrain drop 雨滴wind speed profile 风速廓线rain shadow 雨影wind force 风力glaze 雨凇wind force scale 风级rain day Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级雨日rainfall [amount] 级风calm 0 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水light air 1级风intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水light breeze 2级风showery rain gentle breeze 3级风阵雨freezing rain 冻雨moderate breeze 4级风drizzle 毛毛雨fresh breeze 5级风light rain 小雨strong breeze 6级风moderate rain 中雨near gale 7级风大雨heavy rain 级风gale 8暴雨torrential rain strong gale 9级风地方性降水local precipitation storm 10级风地形雨violent storm 11级风orographic rain级风hurricane 12 风暴stormgust 阵风暴尘]sandstorm, duststorm 沙[ local wind 雹暴hail storm 地方性风霾haze surface wind 地面风浮尘焚风foehn dustmountain-valley breeze 山谷风dew 露frost 霜海陆风sea-land breeze向岸风frost point 霜点on-shore windoff-shore wind first frost 初霜离岸风latest frost gorge wind 峡谷风终霜龙卷主导风向predominant wind direction tornadodust devil 尘卷风盛行风prevailing windsnow wind pressure 风压雪wind energy sleet 雨夹雪风能wind energy resources 风能资源showery snow 阵雪[风能玫瑰wind energy rose snow crystal 雪晶图]能见度visibility 雪花snowflake晴天clear sky 米雪snow grainspartly cloudy 少云雪暴snowstorm多云cloudy snow cover 积雪阴天overcast snowfall [amount] 雪量blue of the sky 天空蓝度雪深snow depth雪日snow day 天空状况sky conditionicing 降水precipitation 积冰降水量amount of precipitation 冰雹hail10/ 2气象常用专业英语词汇thunder 雷thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thunderstorm 雷暴thermograph 温度计thunder shower 雷阵雨geothermometer 地温表lightning 闪电surface geothermometer 雾地面温度表fogangle geothermometer 曲管地温表mist 轻雾tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表wet fog 湿雾maximum thermometer 最高温度表sea fog 海雾minimum thermometer ice fog 冰雾最低温度表mercury thermometer 锋面雾frontal fog 水银温度表Lyman-αadvection fog 平流雾hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph radiation fog 辐射雾双金属片温度计barograph 平流辐射雾气压计advection-radiation foganeroid barograph 空盒气压计mixing fog 混合雾mountain barograph evaporation fog 蒸发雾高山气压计barometer 气压表supercooled fog 过冷却雾aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ground fog 地面雾ship-barometer 船用气压表上坡雾upslope fogmountain barometer air-mass fog 气团雾高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表tropical air fog 热带气团雾normal barometer 雾凇标准气压表rimemercury barometer graupel 水银气压表霰Fortin barometer 福丁气压表percentage of sunshine 日照百分率Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表日照时数sunshine durationhygrograph 湿度计duration of possible sunshine 可照时数hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 02. 大气探测干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表气象观测meteorological observationdew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表surface observation 地面观测hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表目测visual observationhair hygrograph 毛发湿度计本底污染观测background pollution observation黑白球温度表black and white bulb thermometer field observation 外场观测气压温度计常规观测conventional observation barothermographsounding 干球温度表探空dry-bulb thermometer高空观测upper air observation 湿球温度表wet-bulb thermometeraircraft sounding 飞机探测日照计sunshine recorderJordan sunshine recorder 火箭探测rocket sounding 乔唐日照计无线电探空radio sounding -司托克日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔地面资料surface data 直接辐射表pyrheliometerupper air data 高空资料pyranometer 总辐射表observation site sky radiometer diffusometer 观测场天空辐射表meteorological platform 气象观测平台反照率表albedometer净辐射表pyranometer 自动气象站automatic meteorological stationevaporograph 气象仪器meteorological instrument 蒸发计百叶箱screen,instrument shelter 小型蒸发器evaporation pan10/ 3气象常用专业英语词汇evaporation tank 大型蒸发器coagulation 碰并standard pan 标准蒸发器ice crystal 冰晶ceiling projector 云幂灯ice point 冰点visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表condensation 凝结raingauge 雨量器evaporation 蒸发pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计solidification 凝固accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器deposition 凝华tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计sublimation 升华electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计freezing 冻结siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 雨强计盐核rainfall intensity recorderweather modification 人工影响天气telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计cloud dissipation 消云wind vane 风向标salt-seeding 盐粉播撒anemometer 风速表frost prevention 防霜contact anemometer 电接风速表artificial precipitation 人工降水转杯风速表cup anemometercloud cluster 云团式]风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[tropical cloud cluster 热带云团anemorumbometer 风向风速表cloud system 云系anemograph 风速计comma cloud system 逗点云系气象火箭meteorological rocketbanded cloud system 带状云系sounding rocket 探空火箭vortex cloud system 涡旋云系weather radar 天气雷达atmospheric radiation 大气辐射meteorological radar 气象雷达solar radiation lidar 激光雷达太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数[sodar, acoustic radar 声雷]达outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达visible light 可见光atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感radiation balance 辐射平衡气象卫星meteorological satelliteglobal radiation 总辐射synoptic data 天气资料direct radiation 直接辐射实时资料real time data effective radiation radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射大气传输模式atmospheric transmission modeldiffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射大气物理学03.upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全学大气物理atmospheric physics [] ]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全cloud physics 云物理学]辐射incoming radiation 平流advection 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system convection 对流地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface aerosol 下垫面反照率气溶胶atmospheric counter radiation cloud droplet-size distribution 大气逆辐射云滴谱radiance 辐射率雨滴谱raindrop size distributionalbedo 反照率fog-drop 雾滴planetary temperature 云滴cloud droplet 行星温度atmospheric window 大气窗过冷云滴supercooled cloud droplet[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气滴谱drop spectrum ]吸收率primary scattering 一次散射碰撞collision10/ 4气象常用专业英语词汇Mie scattering 米散射smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶multiple scattering 多次散射ash cloud 烟灰云Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射smog 烟雾sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度smoke screen 烟幕atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大acid rain 酸雨气光学厚度smoke 烟smoke plume 透明度烟羽[atmospheric] transparency [大气]plume rise 烟羽抬升atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象fallout 沉降物atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景05. 动力气象学曙暮光twilightdynamic meteorology 南极光动力气象学aurora australisatmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学aurora borealis 北极光sensible heat 感热halo 晕latent heat 潜热46°halo 46度晕reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程度晕halo 2222°irreversible adiabatic process 日晕solar halo 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 月晕逆湿lunar halothermodynamic equation 热力学方程solar corona 日华temperature inversion 逆温lunar corona 月华turbulence inversion rainbow 湍流逆温虹surface inversion 地面逆温secondary rainbow 霓radiation inversion 辐射逆温corona 华capping inversion 覆盖逆温twilight colors 霞subsidence inversion 下沉逆温极光aurorafrontal inversion 锋面逆温环] [glory 宝光inversion layer 磁暴magnetic storm 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流大气化学04.adiabatic ascending atmospheric chemistry 绝热上升大气化学adiabatic sinking atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却大气臭氧atmospheric ozoneadiabatic heating 绝热增温atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程光化反应photochemical reactiondiabatic process 光化烟雾非绝热过程photochemical smogconvective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度降水化学precipitation chemistry混合凝结高度mixing condensation level ] [atmospheric background 大气本底值temperature lapse rate 大气污染atmospheric pollution 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate air pollution 空气污染干绝热直减率原生污染物primary pollutant 湿绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate secondary pollutant 次生污染物凝结高度condensation level, CL虚温virtual temperature 大气净化atmospheric cleaningdry adiabatic process 飘尘floating dust 干绝热过程降尘dustfall 湿绝热过程moist adiabatic process温室气体位温potential temperature greenhouse gasses运动方程大气污染物atmospheric pollutant equation of motion10/ 5气象常用专业英语词汇continuity equation 连续方程southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流equation of state 状态方程subtropical jet stream 副热带急流vorticity equation 涡度方程axis of jet stream 急流轴divergence equation 散度方程warm advection hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程暖平流cold advection 冷平流ω-equation ω方程upward flow 上升气流perturbation equation 扰动方程downward flow 下沉气流thermal wind equation 热成风方程geostrophic motion advective equation 平流方程地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion balance equation 平衡方程准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层baroclinic process 斜压过程Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线geostrophic adjustment 地转适应atmospheric circulation 大气环流有效位能available potential energymeridional circulation 经向环流geopotential meter 位势米zonal circulation 纬向环流geopotential height 位势高度Hadley cell 哈得来环流inertial instability 惯性不稳定Walker cell 沃克环流自由对流高度free convection leveldirect circulation 直接环流][atmospheric] stability [大气稳定度indirect circulation 间接环流[静力稳定度static stability 圈]trade-wind circulation 绝对稳定信风环流absolute stabilitycirculation cell absolute instability 环流圈绝对不稳定local circulation 局地环流neutral stability 中性稳定three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流不稳定性条件conditional instability []circulation index barotropic instability 正压不稳定环流指数high index 高指数斜压不稳定baroclinic instabilitylow index 低指数潜在不稳定latent instabilityindex cycle 位涡守恒conservation of potential vorticity 指数循环circulation theorem 坐标z-coordinate z 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理p-coordinate p坐标σBjerknes circulation theorem -coordinate σ坐标皮叶克尼斯环流定理-coordinate θ位温坐标越赤道气流cross-equatorial flow辐合convergence 大气活动中心atmospheric center of action尺度分析divergence 辐散scaling天气尺度synoptic scale 散度divergence行星尺度planetary scale 水平散度horizontal divergence中尺度meso scale 涡度vorticity罗斯贝波mesoscale model 中尺度模式Rossby wavegeneral circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式定常波stationary wave旋衡风cyclostrophic wind 正压模式barotropic modelgradient wind 梯度风斜压模式baroclinic model热成风thermal windveering wind 顺转风地转风geostrophic wind 天气学06.antitriptic wind 天气学synoptic meteorology 摩擦风天气weather jet stream 急流北支急流northern branch jet stream 天气图synoptic chart10/ 6气象常用专业英语词汇weather symbol 天气符号cold trough 冷槽barb 风速羽long-wave trough 长波槽wind shaft 风矢杆East Asia major trough 东亚大槽wind arrow 风矢cyclone 气旋present weather 现在天气cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流past weather 过去天气cyclonic shear 气旋性切变upper air chart 高空[天气]图extratropical cyclone 温带气旋surface chart 地面[天气]图cyclone family 气旋族isobaric surface 等压面occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面cyclogenesis 气旋生成contour chart 等压面图cyclolysis 气旋消散cold vortex 雨量图冷涡rainfall chartwarm vortex isoline 等值线暖涡permanent depression 等温线永久性低压isothermsemi-permanent depression 半永久性低压isodrosotherm 等露点线Aleutian low 阿留申低压等变温线isallothermIcelandic low 冰岛低压isobar 等压线Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 地形等压线topographic isobar 江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线isallobar 等变压线South China Sea depression 南海低压等高线contour lineMongolian low shear line 切变线蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压squall line 飑线mid-tropospheric cyclone pressure field 气压场对流层中层气旋涡低风场]Southwest China vortex 西南[wind fieldallobaric field 变压场压气]high pressure 高[ 冷高压cold high 正变压中心anallobaric center katallobaric center 负变压中心warm high 暖高压ridge humidity field 湿度场高压脊ridge line 脊线wet tongue 湿舌warm ridge 暖脊干舌dry tonguedry line 干线col pressure field 鞍形气压场温度场temperature field 高压坝high pressure barrier变形场cold tongue 冷舌deformation field反气旋anticyclone 暖舌warm tongue反气旋环流pressure system 气压系统anticyclonic circulation压气低low [pressure], depression [] 反气旋切变anticyclonic sheardeepening of a depression 低压加深反气旋生成anticyclogenesis冷低压cold low anticyclolysis 反气旋消散暖低压permanent high 永久性高压warm low半永久性高压semi-permanent high 中尺度低压mesoscale low副热带高压热低压thermal low subtropical high切断低压cut-off low 西伯利亚高压Siberian highorographic depression 地形低压South Asia high 南亚高压阻塞高压低压槽trough blocking high槽线trough line 阻塞形势blocking situation乌拉尔山阻塞高压倒槽inverted trough Ural blocking high10/ 7气象常用专业英语词汇Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高压South China quasi-stationary front 华南准静止锋Kunming quasi-stationary front 昆明准静止锋Pacific high 太平洋高压Tianshan quasi-stationary front 天山准静止锋Azores high 亚速尔高压synoptic analysis 天气分析air mass 气团synoptic situation 气团分析天气形势air-mass analysissynoptic process 天气过程air-mass source 气团源地synoptic system 天气系统air-mass classification 气团分类planetary scale system 行星尺度系统air-mass property 气团属性synoptic scale system 天气尺度系统air-mass transformation 气团变性subsynoptic scale system 气团保守性次天气尺度系统conservative property of air massmesoscale system transformed air mass 变性气团中尺度系统microscale system 暖气团小尺度系统warm air masscold wave 冷气团cold air mass 寒潮cold outburst arctic air mass 北极气团寒潮爆发intertropocal convergence zone, ITCZ 热带辐合带polar air mass 极地气团热带气团热带东风急流tropical easterlies jet tropical air mass热带高压equatorial air mass 赤道气团tropical highcontinental air mass 大陆气团热带季风tropical monsoon东风波maritime air mass 海洋气团easterly wave副热带无风带subtropical calms tropical marine air mass 热带海洋气团front 热带气旋tropical cyclone 锋热带低压tropical depression frontal surface 锋面热带风暴tropical storm frontal zone 锋区frontal slope 锋面坡度强热带风暴severe tropical storm台风typhoon 暖锋warm frontcold front 冷锋台风眼typhoon eyestorm center 锢囚锋occluded front 风暴中心Meiyu, plum rain 梅雨cold occluded front 冷性锢囚锋warm occluded front Meiyu front 梅雨锋暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋onset of Meiyu 入梅ending of Meiyu 出梅快行冷锋rapidly moving cold front梅雨期Meiyu period slowly moving cold front 慢行冷锋厄尔尼诺静止锋stationary front El Ninopolar front 极锋恩索ENSO拉尼娜北极锋arctic front La Ninaantarctic front 南极锋南方涛动southern oscillation, SO地面锋surface front sea surface temperature, SST 海面温度upper front 高空锋brave west wind 咆哮西风带锋面分析frontal analysis准两年振荡锋面天气frontal weather quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO暖锋云系warm front cloud system 赤道低压equatorial lowcold front cloud system 冷锋云系赤道无风带equatorial calms锋面降水frontal precipitation polar vortex 极涡orographic occluded front 极地低压polar low地形锢囚锋天气预报weather forecast 华北锢囚锋North China occluded front地形静止锋orographic stationary front 危险天气警报severe weather warning10/ 8气象常用专业英语词汇urban weather 城市天气greenhouse effect 温室效应heat island effect 热岛效应foehn effect 焚风效应heat sink 热汇heat wave 热浪heat source 热源Qinghai-Xizang high 青藏高压heat balance 热量平衡pentad 候07. 气候学wind rose 风玫瑰图climatology 气候学wind vector 风矢量climate 气候average wind velocity 平均风速climatic element 气候要素resultant wind 气候形成因子合成风factors for climatic formationfirn 太阳气候solar climate 永久积雪firn line 理想气候永久雪线ideal climateisohel 等日照线global climate 全球气候planetary wind system 行星风系global climate system 全球气候系统trade winds 信风城市气候urban climatetemperate westerlies indoor climate 室内气候温带西风带monsoon 季风continental climate 大陆性气候summer monsoon 夏季风marine climate 海洋性气候winter monsoon 冬季风arid climate 干旱气候East Asian monsoon 东亚季风半干旱气候semi-arid climateplateau monsoon humid climate 湿润气候高原季风monsoon burst 季风爆发warm-wet climate 湿热气候monsoon onset 季风建立mountain climate 山地气候monsoon depression 季风低压高原气候plateau climatemonsoon circulation 垂直气候带季风环流vertical climatic zonemonsoon climate diurnal variation 日变化季风气候monsoon region 季风区departure 距平monsoon index 季风指数日较差diurnal rangebreak monsoon annual range 年较差季风中断climatic type 气候型年平均annual meanclimatic classification 气候分类annual amount 年总量climate regionalization 气候区划季节seasonclimatic region 气候区seasonality 季节性climatic belt, climaic zone 霜期frost peroid 气候带polar climate 霜日frost day 极地气候subarctic climate 副极地气候雨季rainy seasontemperate climate 温带气候hot season 热季subtropical climate 副热带气候凉季cool seasontropical climate 热带气候continentality 大陆度equatorial climate 赤道气候海洋度oceanityK?ppen's climate classification 海气相互作用air-sea interaction 柯本气候分类tropical climate A 水循环water cycle 热带气候类tropical rainy climate 干季dry season 热带常湿气候亚类tropical winter dry climate dry spell 热带冬干气候亚类干期tropical monsoon rain climate 热带季风雨气候亚类aridity 干燥度arid climate 湿润度moisture index 干燥气候类10/ 9气象常用专业英语词汇steppe climate 草原气候亚类08. 应用气象学desert climate 沙漠气候亚类evapotranspiration 蒸散winter moderate climate 冬温气候类transpiration 蒸腾winter moderate and winter dry climate 冬温冬干气候亚类potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸散winter moderate and summer dry climate 冬温夏干气候亚类soil water balance 土壤水分平衡winter moderate and rainy climate 冬温常湿气候亚类soil water content 土壤含水量winter cold climate 冬寒气候类surface temperature 地面温度winter cold and rainy climate 冬寒常湿气候亚类ground temperature 地温winter cold and winter dry climate 冬寒冬干气候亚类soil temperature 土壤温度polar climate 极地气候类active temperature 活动温度tundra climate 苔原气候亚类effective temperature 有效温度perpetual frost climate 永冻气候亚类optimum temperature 最适温度Thornthwaite's climatic classification 桑思韦特气候分类accumulated temperature 积温climatic analysis 气候分析active accumulated temperature 活动积温climatic data 气候资料effective accumulated temperature 有效积温climatic statistics 气候统计agricultural threshold temperature 农业界限温度climate resources 气候资源frozen soil 冻土climatic probability 气候概率light resources 光资源climatic variability 气候变率heat resources 热量资源interannual variability 年际变率agrometeorological model 农业气象模式nuclear winter 核冬天twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气climatic variation 气候变迁agrometeorological hazard 农业气象灾害climatic change 气候变化dry hot wind 干热风climatic oscillation 气候振荡late spring cold 倒春寒climatic fluctuation 气候振动freezing injury 冻害climatic revolution 气候演变frost injury 霜冻climatic reconstruction 气候重建wet damage 湿害climate periodicity 气候周期性hot damage 热害teleconnection 遥相关cool damage 冷害abrupt change of climate 气候突变wind damage 风害climatic deterioration 气候恶化chilling injury 寒害climatic trend 气候趋势snow damage 雪灾climatic adaptation, acclimatization 气候适应hail damage 雹灾climatic impact 气候影响drought damage 旱灾climatic anomaly 气候异常drought 干旱climatic prediction 气候预测sensible temperature 感觉温度climate damage 气候灾害wind-chill index 风寒指数climatic feedback mechanism 气候反馈机制comfort index 舒适指数historical climate 历史气候wind energy potential 风能潜力ice age 冰期solar energy resources 太阳能资源little ice age 小冰期interglacial period 间冰期post-glacial climate 冰后期气候Quaternary climate 第四纪气候climate modification 人工影响气候duration of frost-free period 无霜期10/ 10。
各种天气的英文
各种天气的英文
天气一直是人们日常生活中关注的话题之一。
当我们谈论天气的时候，常常需要用英文表达各种不同的气象现象。
下面是一些常见天气状况的英文表达：
1.晴天 - Sunny
2.雨天 - Rainy
3.阴天 - Cloudy
4.多云 - Partly Cloudy
5.阵雨 - Showers
6.雷阵雨 - Thunderstorm
7.风暴 - Stormy
8.多风 - Windy
9.下雪 - Snowy
10.冰雹 - Hail
11.结冰 - Icy
12.多雾 - Foggy
13.寒冷 - Cold
14.温暖 - Warm
15.炎热 - Hot
16.闷热 - Humid
17.干燥 - Dry
18.潮湿 - Damp
在不同的季节和地理位置，我们能够经历到各种不同的天气。
无论是闷热的夏天、寒冷的冬天，还是多雨的春季，我们都需要学会用英文描述这些气候条件。
同时，天气状况也直接影响着我们的生活和活动安排。
在外出旅行、运动锻炼、衣着选择等方面，天气都扮演着重要的角色。
总的来说，能够准确表达各种天气状况的英文术语对于我们的日常交流和社交活动都是非常有用的。
希望大家能够通过学习和积累，丰富自己的英语词汇，更好地理解和描述周围的天气现象。
愿大家在各种天气条件下都能安全、舒适地度过每一天！。
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主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness,atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈] trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态] computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑automatic data processing 自动资料处理structure function 结构函数split-explicit scheme 分离显式格式bogus data 人造[站]资料hydrostatic check 静力检查difference scheme 差分格式staggered grid 交错网格stagger scheme 交错格式nested grid 套网格pseudospectral method 假谱方法successive correction analysis 逐步订正法optimum interpolation method 最优插值法statistical interpolation method 统计插值法man-machine weather forecast 人机结合天气预报limited area model, LAM 有限区模式limited area fine-mesh model, LFM 有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamic prediction 统计动力预报diagnostic analysis 诊断分析。