岩石力学翻译
岩石工程基本术语(英汉对照)
岩石工程基本术语标准GB/T-50279-98AAbsorbed water 吸着水Abutment 桥台Acoustic emission of rock 岩石声发射Acoustic prospecting 声学探测Active earth pressure 主动土压力Active fault 活断层Activity index 活动性指数Aging 老化allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial soil 冲积土alternating load 交变荷载anchoring, bolting 锚固ancher slab wall 锚定板墙additional stress, superim/posed stress 附加应力adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian deposit 风积土aeration zone water 包气带水aggregate for concrete 混凝土骨料anticline 背斜aquifer 含水层artesian pressure head承压水头artificial fill 人工填土attitude 产状average thickness method平均厚度法BBack analysis 反演分析Base course 道路基层Bearing capacity factor 承载力因数Bearing stratum 持力层Bedrock 基岩berm 反压平台(反压马道)Biotcon solidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s simplified method of slices 毕肖普简化条分法Blasting 爆破block theory 块体理论body force 体积力borrow area 取土场boulder(stone block) 漂石(块石)Boussinesq theory 布辛涅斯克理论Bridge pier 桥墩Brittle failure 脆性破坏Bulk modulus 体积模量Buoyancy 浮托力buttress retaining wall 支墩式挡墙by/pass seepage 绕渗CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡墙Capillary water 毛细管水Categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级Cement stabilization 水泥加固Central load 中心荷载(轴心荷载)Cerruti’s solution 色卢铁解答channel, canal 渠道check dam 谷坊chemical grouting 化学灌浆coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse/grained soil 粗粒土cobble 卵石(碎石)coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation due to leaching 溶滤变形系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of self/weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesion 粘聚力cohesionless soil 无粘性土cohesive soil 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性collapsibility test of loess 黄土湿陷试验collapsible soil 湿陷性土combined bolting and shot crete 喷锚支护compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction grouting method 挤密喷浆法compacting machinery 碾压机械compaction test 击实试验composite ground 复合地基composite slip surface 复合滑动面comprehensive engineering geological map 综合工程地质图compressibility 压缩性compression index 压缩指数compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中荷载(点荷载)concrete faced rock fill dam 混凝土面板堆石坝cone penetration test(CPT) 静力触探试验confined water 承压水consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated/drained triaxial test 固结排水三轴试验consolidated quick shear test 固结快剪试验consolidated/undrained triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验consolidation 固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验constitutive relation of soil 土的本构关系(本构模型)constrained grain size 限制粒径constrained modulus 压缩模量contact pressure 基底压力(接触压力)contour map of groundwater 地下水等水位线图control of under groundwater 地下水控制core of rock 岩芯core recovery 岩芯采取率core wall 心墙corner/points method 角点法Coulomb/Navier strength theory 库仑/纳维强度理论Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论Counter fort retaining wall 扶壁式挡墙Crack growth 裂纹扩展Creep 蠕变Critical edge pressure 临塑荷载Critical height of slope (土坡)临界高度Critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度Critical void ratio 临界孔隙比cross/hole method 跨孔法curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆cushion 垫层cutting 路堑cutoff wall 截水墙cyclic load周期荷载DDarcy’s law 达西定律Debris flow 泥石流Deep mixing method 深层搅拌法Deep soil stabilization 深层土加固Deep well method 深井法Degree of compaction 压实度Degree of consolidation 固结度Degree of saturation 饱和度Delayed elasticity 弹性后效Densification by explosion 爆炸加密法Densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩Density 密度Depletion coefficient 疏干系数Developing chart of exploratory drift 坑硐展示图Dewatering method 降水法Differential settlement 沉降差dike, levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性dilatancy of rock 岩石扩容diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soil 洪积土direct shear test 直剪试验disaster geology 灾害地质学dislocation 位错dispersion coefficient 弥散系数dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed soil sample 扰动土样diversion tunnel 导流洞down/hole method 下孔法drainage method 排水法dynamic consolidation 强夯法dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic simple shear test 动单剪试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料Earth pressure at rest 静止土压力Earthquake engineering 地震工程学Earthquake subsidence 震陷earth/rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载effective grain size 有效粒径effective porosity 有效孔隙率effective stress 有效应力effective stress analysis 有效应力分析elastic strain 弹性应变electrical prospecting 电法勘探electro/osmosis 电渗法embankment 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘探engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程equipotential line 等势线equivalent opening size (EOS) 等效孔径excavating machinery 挖掘机械excavation 挖方excess pore water pressure 超静水压力expanded polystyrene (EPS) 聚苯乙烯发泡材料expansive soil 膨胀土FFabric sheet reinforced earth 铺网法Factor of safety 安全系数Failure strength 破坏强度Fall of ground 冒顶Fatigue strength 疲劳强度Fault 断层Field identification of soil 土的现场鉴别Field observation 现场观测Fill 填方Filter 反滤层Final settlement 最终沉降Fine aggregate 细骨料fine/grained soil 细粒土fissured clay 裂隙粘土fissure water 裂隙水flat jack technique 扁千斤顶法flow line 流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱fraction 粒组fracture mechanics 断裂力学fracture zone 断裂破碎带free face 临空面frees welling ratio 自由膨胀率free water 自由水freezing method 冻结法french drain 盲沟fresh rock 新鲜岩石friction/resistance ratio 摩阻比frost heave 冻胀frost/heave capacity 冻胀量frost heaving pressure 冻胀力frozen soil 冻土Ggap/graded soil 不连续级配土general shear failure 整体剪切破坏geo composite 土工复合材料geo drain, prefabricated strip drain 塑性排水带法geo fabriform 土工模袋geogrid 土工格栅geologic environment 地质环境geologic environment element 地质环境要素geologic structure 地质构造geo mechanical model test 地质力学模型试验geomembrane 土工膜geomorphology 地貌geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geostatic stress 自重应力geosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical centrifugal model test 土工离心模型试验geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical engineering investigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles 土工织物gradation 级配grain size 粒径grain size distribution curve 粒径分布曲线gravelly soil 砾类土gravitational water 重力水gravity retaining wall 重力式挡墙Griffith’s strength criterion 格里菲斯强度准则Ground fracturing 地裂Ground treatment 地基处理Groundwater 地下水Groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学Groundwater hardness 地下水硬度Groundwater monitoring 地下水监测Groundwater pollution 地下水污染Groundwater recharge 地下水补给量Groundwater regime 地下水动态Groundwater storage 地下水贮存量groin, spur dike 丁坝grouting 灌浆grouting test 灌浆试验guide adit 导洞HHardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度Heaving of the bottom 基坑底隆胀Hydraulic fill 水力冲填Hydraulic fracturing technique 水力劈裂法Hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Hydraulic tunnel 水工隧道Hydrogeological drilling 水文地质钻探Hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘察Hydrogeology 水文地质学Hydrostatic pressure 静水压力IImmediate settlement 初始沉降(瞬时沉降) Impervious blanket 防渗铺盖Impervious layer 不透水层(隔水层)Inclined shaft 斜井Influence chart 感应图infra/red detection 红外探测initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力in/situ direct shear test of rock 岩石原位直接剪切试验in/situ test 原位试验intactness index of rock mass 岩石完整性指数(岩体速度指数)intact rock 完整岩石internal friction angle 内摩擦角interstrated water 层间水investigation stage 勘察阶段isochrone 等时孔压线isoline method等值线法JJet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法Joint 节理KKaiser effect 凯塞效应Karst 喀斯特(岩溶)Karst collapse 喀斯特塌陷Karst land feature喀斯特地貌K/consolidation K固结LLaminar flow 层流Land form unit 地貌单元Landslide 滑坡Landslide mass 滑坡体Land subsidence 地面下沉Laterite 红土Layer wise summation method 分层总和法Lime pile method 石灰桩法Lime soil pile 灰土桩Lime treated soil 灰土Limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法Linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率Line load 线荷载Liquefaction of sand 砂土液化Liquefaction potential 液化势Liquidity index 液性指数Liquid limit 液限Local shear failure 局部剪切破坏Loess 黄土loess/like soil 黄土状土longitudinal dike 顺坝long/term modulus 长期模量long/term stability 长期稳定性Lugeon unit 吕荣单位MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩(火成岩) Marine soil 海积土Masonry retaining wall 砌体挡墙Maximum dry density 最大干密度Mechanical properties of rock 岩石力学性质Mechanics of granular media 散体力学Metamorphic rock 变质岩Method of slice 条分法micro/crack 微裂纹Mindlin’s solution 明德林解答Mini pile 微型桩Modified Griffith’s criterion 修正的格里菲斯准则Modulus of deformation 变形模量Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量(杨氏模量) Modulus of pressure meter 旁压仪模量Mohr/Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律Monitoring of land slide 滑坡监测Monitoring of pore/water pressure 孔隙水压力监测Monitoring of settlement and deformation 沉降变形监测Monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of tunnel 洞室围岩变形监测Muck 淤泥mud pumping 翻浆冒泥NNatural angle of repose 天然休止角Natural building materials 天然建筑材料needle/punched geotextile 针刺土工织物New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) 新奥法non/uniform settlement 不均匀沉降non woven geotextile 无纺土工织物normalization 归一化normally consolidation soil 正常固结土OOptimum moisture content 最优含水率Organic soil 有机质土Osmosic pressure method 渗透压法Outand cover method 明挖法Over break 超挖Overburden layer 覆盖层Overburden pressure 覆盖压力Over consolidation soil 超固结土Over consolidation ratio (OCR) 超固结比Over coarse/grained soil 巨粒土PPacked drain, fabric/enclosed drain 袋装砂井Parallel section method 平行断面法Parapet wall 防浪墙Particle size analysis 颗粒分析试验Passive earth pressure 被动土压力Peak strength 峰值强度Peat 泥炭Penetration resistance 贯入阻力Perched water 上层滞水Perennially frozen soil 多年冻土Permeability 渗透性Permeability test 渗透试验Phreatic line 浸润线Phreatic water 潜水Physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质Piezo cone test (CPTU) 孔压静力触探试验Piezo metric head 测压管水头Pipe jacking method 顶管法Piping 管涌Plane strain test 平面应变试验Plastic failure 塑性破坏Plastic flow 塑流Plastic limit 塑限Plastic strain 塑性应变Plastic zone 塑性区Plasticity chart 塑性图Plasticity index 塑性指数Plate loading test 平板荷载试验Point loading test 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比poorly/graded soil 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure parameter 孔隙水压力系数pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比pore water 孔隙水pore water pressure 孔隙水压力porosity 孔隙率pre consolidation pressure先期固结压力preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressure meter test (PMT) 旁压试验primary stress 初始应力(地应力)primary consolidation 主固结principle of effective stress 有效应力原理progressive failure 渐近破坏prototype monitoring 原型监测punching shear failure 冲剪破坏pump/in test 压水试验pumping test 抽水试验QQuicksand 流砂Quick shear test 快剪试验RRadial flat jack technique 径向扁千斤顶法Radial wells 辐射井Radius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s earth pressure theory 兰金土压力理论Rate of settlement 沉降速率Rate of stripping 剥离比Rebound modulus 回弹模量Rebound of foundation 地基回弹Recharge area 补给区Recharge rate 补给率Recharge method 回灌法Reclamation 围垦工程Reinforced earth 加筋土Reinforced soil wall 加筋土挡墙Relative density 相对密度Relaxation time 松弛时间Relief well 减压井Remolded strength 重塑强度Remote sensing prospecting 遥感勘测Reserve of building material 建材储量Residual soil 残积土Residual strength 残余强度Resonant column test 共振柱试验Retaining wall 挡土墙(挡墙)Retardation 滞后Rheology 流变学Road pavement 道路路面Rock 岩石Rock burst 岩爆Rock classification 岩石分类Rock engineering 岩石工程Rock fall 岩崩Rock fill dam 堆石坝Rock mass 岩体Rock mass basic quality (BQ) 岩体基本质量Rock mechanics 岩石力学(岩体力学)Rock quality designation (RQD) 岩石质量指标Rolled fill earth dam 碾压土坝Rolling compaction test 碾压试验Root pile 树根桩Rose diagram of joints 节理玫瑰图Run off area 径流区rupture, fracture 断裂SSaline soil 盐渍土Sand drain 排水砂井Sandy soil 砂井土Saturation curve 饱和曲线Scale effect 尺度效应Seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土Secondary consolidation 次固结Secondary consolidation settlement 次固结沉降Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seepage 渗流Seepage deformation 渗透变形Seepage failure 渗透破坏Seepage force 渗流力Seepage path 渗径Seismic prospecting 地震勘探self/boring pressure meter 自钻式旁压仪semi/infinite elastic body 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度settlement 沉降settlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度settlement curve 沉降曲线shea rmodulus 剪切模量shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度sheet pile wall 板桩墙shield driving method 盾构法shot concrete 喷射混凝土shrinkage index 缩性指数shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 侧沟simple shear test 单剪试验slaking 湿化slide/resistant pile 抗滑桩slip surface 滑动面slip zone 滑动带slope wash 坡积土sloping core 斜墙slow shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soil 土soil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mass 土体soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure 土的结构soldier pile 排桩special soil 特殊土specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重specific grout absorption 单位吸浆量(比吸浆量)specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力specific surface 比表面积specific water absorption 单位吸水量specific yield 给水度split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)stability analysis 稳定分析stability number 稳定数stable crack growth稳定裂纹扩展standard penetration test (SPT) 标准贯入试验state of plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡状态steady seepage 稳定渗流stereo graphic projection 赤平投影stone material 石料storage coefficient 储水系数strain controlled test 应变控制试验strain hardening 应变硬化strain space 应变空间strain softening 应变软化strength envelope 强度包线stress concentration 应力集中stress controlled test 应力控制试验stress distribution 应力分布stress history 应力历史stress level 应力水平stress path 应力路径stress recovery method 应力恢复法stress relaxation 应力松弛stress relief method 应力解除法stress space 应力空间strip load 条形荷载structural block 结构体structural plane 结构面structural types of rock mass 岩体结构类型subsurface runoff 地下径流surcharge 超载surface force 表面力surface soil stabilization 浅层土加固surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法surrounding rock 围岩surrounding rock stress 围岩应力(二次应力) Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法Swelling force 膨胀力Swelling index 回弹指数Swelling ratio 膨胀率Syncline 向斜TTailings dam 尾矿坝Tensile strength 抗拉强度Terzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论texsol, fibre soil 纤维土thaw collapsibility 融陷性thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thin wall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tie back wall, anchored wall 锚杆挡墙time factor 时间因数torsional shear test 扭剪试验total mineralization of ground/water 地下水总矿化度total stress 总应力total stress analysis 总应力分析transducer 传感器transient load 瞬时荷载transmissivity 导水系数trench 探槽trench out method 挖沟法triangular method 三角形法triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验(三轴剪切试验)triaxial extension test 三轴伸长试验truetriaxial test 真三轴试验tunnel 隧道tunnel lining 隧道衬砌turbulent flow 紊流UUltimate bearing capacity 极限承载力Unconfined compressive strength test 无侧限抗压强度试验Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水三轴试验under/consolidated soil 欠固结土underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underground opening 地下洞室under lying stratum 下卧层underpinning 托换技术undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)uniformly distributed load 均布荷载unit weight 容量up/hole method 上孔法uplift pressure 扬压力VVacuum preloading 真空预压法Valley terrace 河谷阶地Vane shear test 十字板剪切试验Varved clay 带状粘土Vertical shaft 竖井Vibro flotation 振冲法Void ratio 孔隙比Volumetric strain 体应变Volume shrinkage ratio 体缩率WWater bearing capacity 容水量Water content 含水率Water injecting test 注水试验Water retaining capacity 持水度Weak intercalated layer 软弱夹层Weak structural plane 软弱结构面Weathered crust 风化壳Weathered rock 风化岩石Weathered zone 风化带Weathering 风化作用Weathering degree of rock 岩石风化程度Well point 井点排水well/graded soil 良好级配土Winkler’s assumption 文克勒假定YYield 屈服Yield criteria 屈服准则。
力学名词英文翻译
广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differentialtype积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic conti-nuum内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor 声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutiverela-tions共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test 三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength 循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance 渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure 被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect 贯入阻力penetration resistance 沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature 电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media,seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement 不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundarylayer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics 流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect,Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure tech-nique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型V oigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow 哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, bloodrheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave 磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics 生物固体力学biological solid mechanics 宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体V oigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold尘暴dust storm计尘仪koniscope盛行风prevailing wind输沙率rate of sand transporting重演距离repetition distance跃移[运动] saltation跃移质saltation load沙波纹sand ripple沙影sand shadow沙暴sand storm流沙shifting sand翻滚tumble植物固沙vegetative sand-control流速线velocity line泥石流debris flow连续泥石流continuous debris flow 泥石铺床bed-predeposit of mud泥石流地声geosound of debris flow 气浪airsurge冻胀力frost heaving pressure冻土强度frozen soil strength雪崩avalanche冰崩iceslide冰压力ice pressure重力侵蚀gravity erosion分凝势segregation potential滑波landslide山洪torrent爆发blow up雪暴snowstorm火爆fire storm闪点flash point闪耀flare up阴燃smolder轰燃flashover飞火spotting, firebrand地表火surface fire地下火ground fire树冠火crown fire烛炬火candling fire狂燃火running fire火焰强度flame intensity火焰辐射flame radiation火龙卷fire tornado火旋涡fire whirl火蔓延fire spread对流柱convection column隔火带fire line隔火带强度fireline intensity非线性动力学nonlinear dynamics动态系统dynamical system原象preimage控制参量control parameter霍普夫分岔Hopf bifurcation倒倍周期分岔inverse period- doubling bifurca-tion全局分岔global bifurcation魔[鬼楼]梯devil's staircase非线性振动nonlinear vibration侵入物invader锁相phase- locking猎食模型predator- prey model[状]态空间state space[状]态变量state variable吕埃勒-塔肯斯道路Ruelle- Takens route 斯梅尔马蹄Smale horseshoe混沌chaos李-约克定理Li-Yorke theorem李-约克混沌Li-Yorke chaos洛伦茨吸引子Lorenz attractor混沌吸引子chaotic attractorKAM环面KAM torus费根鲍姆数Feigenbaum number费根鲍姆标度律Feigenbaum scaling KAM定理Kolmogorov-Arnol'd Moser theorem, KAM theorem勒斯勒尔方程Rossler equation混沌运动chaotic motion费根鲍姆函数方程Feigenbaum functional equation蝴蝶效应butterfly effect同宿点homoclinic point异宿点heteroclinic point同宿轨道homoclinic orbit异宿轨道heteroclinic orbit排斥子repellor超混沌hyperchaos阵发混沌intermittency chaos内禀随机性intrinsic stochasticity含混吸引子vague attractor [of Kolmogorov]VAK奇怪吸引子strange attractorFPU问题Fermi-Pasta- Ulam problem,FPU problem初态敏感性sensitivity to initial state反应扩散方程reaction-diffusion equation 非线性薛定谔方程nonlinear Schrodinger equation逆散射法inverse scattering method孤[立]波solitary wave奇异摄动singular perturbation正弦戈登方程sine-Gorden equation科赫岛Koch island豪斯多夫维数Hausdorff dimensionKS[动态]熵Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropy卡普兰-约克猜想Kaplan -Yorke conjecture 康托尔集[合] Cantor set欧几里得维数Euclidian dimension茹利亚集[合] Julia set科赫曲线Koch curve谢尔平斯基海绵Sierpinski sponge李雅普诺夫指数Lyapunov exponent芒德布罗集[合] Mandelbrot set李雅普诺夫维数Lyapunov dimension谢尔平斯基镂垫Sierpinski gasket雷尼熵Renyi entropy雷尼信息Renyi information分形fractal分形维数fractal dimension分形体fractal胖分形fat fractal退守物defender覆盖维数covering dimension信息维数information dimension度规熵metric entropy多重分形multi-fractal关联维数correlation dimension拓扑熵topological entropy拓扑维数topological dimension拉格朗日湍流Lagrange turbulence布鲁塞尔模型Brusselator贝纳尔对流Benard convection瑞利-贝纳尔不稳定性Rayleigh-Benard instability闭锁键blocked bond元胞自动机cellular automaton浸渐消去法adiabatic elimination连通键connected bond, unblocked bond自旋玻璃spin glass窘组frustration窘组嵌板frustration plaquette窘组函数frustration function窘组网络frustration network窘组位形frustrating configuration逾渗通路percolation path逾渗阈[值] percolation threshold入侵逾渗invasion percolation扩程逾渗extend range percolation多色逾渗polychromatic percolation快变量fast variable慢变量slow variable卷筒图型roll pattern六角[形]图形hexagon pattern主[宰]方程master equation役使原理slaving principle耗散结构dissipation structure离散流体[模型] discrete fluid自相似解self-similar solution协同学synergetics自组织self-organization跨越集团spanning cluster奇点singularity多重奇点multiple singularity多重定态multiple steady state不动点fixed point吸引子attractor自治系统autonomous system结点node焦点focus简单奇点simple singularity单切结点one-tangent node极限环limit cycle中心点center鞍点saddle [point]映射map[ping]逻辑斯谛映射logistic map[ping]沙尔科夫斯基序列Sharkovskii sequence 面包师变换baker's transformation吸引盆basin of attraction生灭过程birth-and death process台球问题biliard ball problem庞加莱映射Poincar'e map庞加莱截面Poincar'e section猫脸映射cat map[of Arnosov][映]象image揉面变换kneading transformation倍周期分岔period doubling bifurcation单峰映射single hump map[ping]圆[周]映射circle map[ping]埃农吸引子Henon attractor分岔bifurcation分岔集bifurcation set余维[数] co-dimension叉式分岔pitchfork bifurcation鞍结分岔saddle-node bifurcation次级分岔secondary bifurcation跨临界分岔transcritical bifurcation开折unfolding切分岔tangent bifurcation普适性universality突变catastrophe突变论catastrophe theory折叠[型突变] fold [catastrophe]尖拐[型突变] cusp [catastrophe]燕尾[型突变] swallow tail抛物脐[型突变] parabolic umbilic双曲脐[型突变] hyperbolic umbilic椭圆脐[型突变] elliptic umbilic蝴蝶[型突变] butterfly阿诺德舌[头] Arnol'd tongueBZ反应Belousov-Zhabotinskireaction, BZ reaction法里序列Farey sequence法里树Farey tree洛特卡-沃尔泰拉方程Lotka-V olterra equation 梅利尼科夫积分Mel'nikov integral锁频frequency-locking滞后[效应] hysteresis突跳jump准周期振动quasi-oscillation。
岩石力学知识要点(打印)
矿山岩石力学知识要点1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering(1)岩石力学定义/definition of rock mechanics:(P1)(2)岩石力学固有复杂性/inherent complexities in rock mechanics:(P2-4)rock structure/岩石内部普遍存在岩石结构面,size effect,tensile strength,effect of groundwater,weathering (3)岩石力学项目实施过程/implementation of a rock mechanics program:(P7-9)(Fig.1.3)通常按照下列五个方面依次进行,即Site characterization/,mine model formulation,design analysis,rock performance monitoring,retrospective analysis,而基于现场实测的反分析结果又进一步指导进行必要的、新的Site characterisation,mine model formulation和design analysis,改善实施效果。
2 Stress and infinitesimal strain(1)应力/stress:(P10)the intensity of internal forces set up in a body under the influence of a set of applied surface forces.(2)正应力/normal stress component:(P11)应力在其作用截面的法线方向的分量。
(3)剪应力/shear stress component:(P11)应力在其作用截面的切线方向的分量。
(4)体力:分布在物体体积内的力。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层(台)glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层(台)marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水(台)confined ground water 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土(台)overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 3. 土的分类未压密土(台)underconsolidated clay3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类正常压密土(台)normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水(台)free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩(台)secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密(台)one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔-克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect7. 固结潜变(台)creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基-伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密(台)consolidation7. 固结压密度(台)degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress7. 固结预压密压力(台)preconsolidation pressure7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密(台)primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角(台)angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔-库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克-普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯-张模型Duncan-Chang model9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model9. 本构模型拉特-邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔-库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元-中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙-Khosla-Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure10. 地基承载力次层(台)substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比(美国)California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式V esic s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角(台)angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦-普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙后垛墙(台)counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum17. 浅基础次层(台)substratum17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation17. 浅基础高杯口基础17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure17. 浅基础静定分析法(浅基础)static analysis (shallow foundation)17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation17. 浅基础墙下条形基础17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation17. 浅基础上部结构-基础-土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁(板)分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing17. 浅基础下卧层substratum17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation17. 浅基础柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis18. 深基础场铸桩(台)cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile18. 深基础承台pile caps18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall18. 深基础点承桩(台)end-bearing pile18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles18. 深基础钢桩steel pile18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile18. 深基础木桩timber piles18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock18. 深基础群桩pile groups18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩18. 深基础桩piles18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile18. 深基础最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick19. 地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting19. 地基处理硅化法silicification19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理换填法cushion19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting19. 地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method19. 地基处理纠偏技术19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure19. 地基处理褥垫pillow19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground19. 地基处理砂井sand drain19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 19. 地基处理砂桩sand column19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method19. 地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile19. 地基处理树根桩root pile19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain19. 地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer19. 地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理土桩earth pile19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique19. 地基处理外掺剂additive19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking19. 地基处理预压法preloading19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement19. 地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting19. 地基处理置换率(复合地基)replacement ratio19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibr ation20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient20. 动力机器基础质量-弹簧-阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site21. 地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test 22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test22. 室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test22. 室内土工试验击实试验22. 室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test22. 室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method22. 室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test22. 室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test22. 室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test22. 室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test22. 室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test22. 室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test22. 室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test22. 室内土工试验密度试验density test22. 室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test22. 室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus22. 室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test22. 室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test22. 室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test22. 室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis。
岩石力学英语词汇
岩石力学词汇岩石英语词汇八导读:就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“岩石英语词汇八”资讯,希望对您有所帮助,感谢您对的支持!岩石英语词汇八petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive(invade)rock 侵入岩effusive rock 喷出岩plutonic rock 深成岩pypabyssal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩1intermediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩porphyrite 玢岩rhyolite 流纹岩syenite 正长岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩 basalt 玄武岩 aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩 lamprophyre 煌斑岩 diabase 辉绿岩2dunite 橄榄岩 pumice 浮岩 sedimentary rock 沉积岩 clastic 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩 chemical rock 化学岩 biolith 生物岩 conglomerate 砾岩siltstone 粉砂岩 mudstone 泥岩 shale 页岩 saline rock 岩盐 limestone 石灰岩 dolomite 白云岩 marl 泥灰岩 volcanic breccia火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩 tuff 凝灰岩 metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩 phyllite 千枚岩 schist 片岩 gneiss 片麻岩 quartzite 石英岩marble 大理岩 mylonite 糜棱岩 migmatite 混合岩 cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment(deposit) 沉积物、沉积层 boulder 漂石、顽石 cobble 卵石 gravel 砾石 sand 砂 silt 粉土 clay 粘土 sandy clay 砂质粘土 clayey sand 粘质砂土 sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith(topsoil) 浮土(表土)loess 黄土laterite 红土3peat 泥炭ooze 软泥(海泥)变质岩 metamorphic rock标准冻深 standard frost penetration 冰川沉积 glacial deposit冰积层(台) glacial deposit残积土 eluvial soil, residual soil层理 beding长石 feldspar沉积岩 sedimentary rock承压水 confined water次生矿物 secondary mineral地质年代 geological age地质图 geological map地下水 groundwater断层 fault断裂构造 fracture structure天工程地质勘察 engineering geological exploration 海积层(台) marine deposit4海相沉积 marine deposit花岗岩 granite滑坡 landslide化石 fossil化学沉积岩 chemical sedimentary rock 阶地terrace节理 joint解理 cleavage喀斯特 karst矿物硬度 hardness of minerals砾岩 conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积 continental sedimentation 泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土矿物 clay minerals凝灰岩 tuff牛轭湖 ox-bow lake浅成岩 hypabyssal rock5潜水 ground water侵入岩 intrusive rock取土器 geotome砂岩 sandstone砂嘴 spit, sand spit山岩压力 rock pressure深成岩 plutionic rock石灰岩 limestone石英 quartz松散堆积物 rickle围限地下水(台) confined ground water 泻湖 lagoon 岩爆 rock burst岩层产状 attitude of rock岩浆岩 magmatic rock, igneous rock 岩脉 dike, dgke岩石风化程度 degree of rock weathering 岩石构造 structure of rock 岩石结构 texture of rock岩体 rock mass6页岩 shale原生矿物 primary mineral云母 mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱 fold, folding钻孔柱状图 bore hole columnar section 饱和土 saturated soil超固结土 overconsolidated soil 冲填土 dredger fill充重塑土冻土 frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土 unsaturated soil分散性土 dispersive soil粉土 silt, mo粉质粘土 silty clay高岭石 kaolinite过压密土(台) overconsolidated soil红粘土 red clay, adamic earth黄土 loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石 montmorillonite泥炭 peat, bog muck7年粘土 clay年粘性土 cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土 expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土 underconsolidated soil区域性土 zonal soil人工填土 fill, artificial soil软粘土 soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土 sand湿陷性黄土 collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土 plain fill塑性图 plasticity chart碎石土 stone, break stone, broken stone, channery,chat, crushed stone, deritus未压密土(台) underconsolidated clay无粘性土 cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil 岩石 rock伊利土 illite有机质土 organic soil淤泥 muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土 mucky soil8原状土 undisturbed soil杂填土 miscellaneous fill正常固结土 normally consolidated soil正常压密土(台) normally consolidated soil自重湿陷性黄土 self weight collapse loess阿太堡界限 Atterberg limits饱和度 degree of saturation饱和密度 saturated density饱和重度 saturated unit weight比重 specific gravity稠度 consistency不均匀系数 coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient。
岩石力学课件(英文版)第五章
choose sample.
Character state lump
According to special service request, sample should be specially processed, such as cirque, roundness and so on.
Because of heterogeneous property of rock, experiment
pressure ea. tl), at low temperature , low pressure and
high strain rate, rock often show brittle failure; at high temperature, high pressure and low strain rate, rock often show ductile failure or ductile flow. 在低温、低压、高应变速率,岩石通常表明脆性破坏;在高
have different mechanical property.
So, as computed radical rock mechanical property, rock should contain enough quantitative composition
地质专业英语词汇(Q-R)
地质专业英语词汇(Q-R)quadrant 象限quadrate 方骨quadrate bone 方骨quadratic 二次的quadrijugous 四对的quadrupeds 四肢动物quagmire 沼泽qualitative analysis 定性分析qualitative spectral analysis 定性光谱分析quality class 地位级quality of ground water 地下水水质quantitative spectral analysis 定量光谱分析quantometer 光量计quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quartation 四分法quartering 四分法quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz andesite 石英安山岩quartz basalt 石英玄武岩quartz crystal 水晶quartz diorite 石英闪长岩quartz diorite line 石英闪长岩线quartz dolerite 石英粗玄岩quartz glass 石英玻璃quartz keratophyre 石英角斑岩quartz porphyry 石英斑岩quartz sand 石英砂quartz schist 石英片岩quartz spectrograph 石英摄谱仪quartz trachyte 石英粗面岩quartz wedge 石英楔quartzine 正玉髓quartzite 石英岩quartzy 石英质的quasi equilibrium 准平衡quasi viscous flow 半粘性怜quaternary 第四期quaternary diagram 四元系状态图quaternary geology 第四纪地质学quaternary ice age 第四纪冰期quaternary period 第四纪quaternary research 第四纪学quaternary screw axis 四元螺旋轴quaternary studies 第四纪学quaternary system 第四系quaternary volcanic rocks 第四纪火山岩quenching method 淬火法quenselite 基性锰铅矿quenstedtite 紫铁矾quick clay 过敏性粘土quick lime 生石灰quicksand 脸quiet reach 静河段quinaldinic acid 喹啉酸quinalizarin 醌茜素quinoline carboxylic acid 喹啉酸quisqueite 硫沥青r factor r 因子r tectonite r 构造岩rabbitite 针钙镁铀矿racewinite 变色柱石rachis 叶轴racial character 人种的特征racial characteristics 人种的特征rad 拉德radar 雷达radar observation 雷达观测radar sonde 无线电测风仪radiaion excitation 辐射激发radial 放射状的radial bundle 辐射维管束radial dikes 放射状岩脉群radial fault 放射状断层radial flow 径向怜radial rift 放射断裂radial symmetry 径向对称radial vascular bundle 辐射维管束radiant energy 辐射能radiation balance 辐射平衡radiation balance of earth 地球辐射平衡radiation chemical process 辐射化学过程radiation chemical reaction 辐射化学反应radiation chemistry 放射线化学radiation counter 辐射计数管radiation damage 放射线破坏radiation decomposition 辐射分解radiation density 辐射密度radiation detector 辐射探测器radiation dose 辐射剂量radiation effect 辐射酌radiation intensity 辐射强度radiation inversion 辐射逆温radiation length 辐射长度radiation shielding 辐射防护radiative collision 非弹性碰撞radio luminescence 射线发光radio wave method 无线电波法radioactivation analysis 放射化分析radioactive anomaly 放射性异常radioactive balance 放射平衡radioactive chain 放射性衰变链radioactive cobalt 放射性钴radioactive constant 放射常数radioactive contamination 放射性沾染radioactive decay 放射性衰变radioactive decontamination 消除放射性radioactive deposit 放射性沉淀物radioactive element 放射元素radioactive equilibrium 放射平衡radioactive etalon 放射能标准源radioactive fallout 放射性沉降radioactive family 放射系radioactive fission product 放射性裂变产物radioactive half life 放射性物质的半衰期radioactive iron 放射性铁radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive logging 放射能测井radioactive material 放射性物质radioactive mineral 放射矿物radioactive mineral spring 放射性矿泉radioactive prospecting 放射性勘探radioactive radiation 放射性辐射线radioactive rare metal 放射性稀有金属radioactive sample 放射性样品radioactive series 放射系radioactive source 放射源radioactive substance 放射性物质radioactive tracer 放射性示踪radioactive tracer logging 放射性示踪测井radioactive tracer method 放射性示踪剂法radioactive transformation 放射性转化radioactive unit 放射性单位radioactivity 放射性radioactivity logging 放射能测井radioactivity survey 放射性勘探radiobaryte 镭重晶石radiobiologic action 放射性生物酌radiobiology 放射生物学radiocarbon 射碳radiocarbon age 放射性碳年令radiocarbon dating 放射性碳测定年代radiochemical analysis 放射化学分析radiochemistry 放射化学radiochronology 放射年代学radiocobalt 放射性钴radiocolloid 放射性胶质radioelement 放射元素radiogeochemistry 放射地球化学radiogoniometer 无线电测角器radiographic contrast 射线照像对照radiography 射线照相术radiohydrogeology 放射水文地质学radioisotope 放射性同位素radioisotope indicator 放射性指示剂radiolaria 放射虫radiolarian ooze 放射虫软泥radiolarian rock 放射虫岩radiolarian slate 放射虫片岩radiolarite 放射虫岩radiolite 钠沸石radiolitic 放射状的radiology 放射学radiolysis 放射性分解radiometer 放射量计radiometric analysis 放射测量分析radiometric sampling 放射取样法radiometry 辐射测量术radionuclide 放射性核素radiophyllite 水硅灰石radiosonde observation 无线电探空radiotracer 放射性指示剂radiotracer method 放射性示踪剂法radium 镭radium age 镭龄radium emanation 镭射气radium series 镭系radium source 镭源radium spring 镭泉radium standard 镭标准源radius of action 酌半径radius of influence 影响半径radius ratio 半径比radon 氡radon survey 氡气测量rafaelite 斜羟氯铅矿raglanite 奥霞正长岩raimondite 片铁矾rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rain wash 雨剧raindrop impressions 雨痕rainfall depth 雨量rainwater 雨水raise 隆起rake classifier 耙式分级机ralstonite 氟钠镁铝石ramdohrite 辉锑银铅矿rammelsbergite 斜方砷镍矿ramming 捣固ramsayite 褐硅钠钛矿ramsdellite 斜方锰矿rancieite 钙硬锰矿rand 边缘randanite 硅藻土randite 黄菱铀矿random 随机的random distribution 偶然分布random error 随机误差random event 随机事件random sample 随机样品random sampling 随机采样range 射程;山脉;酌距离range finder 测距仪ranging pole 标尺测杆rank 等级ransomite 铜铁矾rapakiwi granite 环斑花岗岩raphe 缝rapid 急流急滩rapid flow 快速迳流rare earth elements 稀土元素rare elements 稀有元素rare gas 稀有气体rare gas elements 惰性气体元素rare metal 稀有金属rarefaction 稀疏酌raspite 斜钨铅矿ratchel 卵石rate 比率rate of crystalline growth 晶体生长速度rate of decay 风化程度rate of drying 干燥速度rate of infiltration 渗透速度rate of penetration 机械钻速rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of runoff 迳潦rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度ratemeter 计数率计rathite 斜方砷铅矿rating curve 量特性曲线ratio of ionic radii 离子半径比rational formula 示构式ratofkite 土状萤石rattle stone 钤石rauracian 罗拉克阶rauvite 水钙钒铀矿ravine 沟壑raw coal 原煤raw humus 粗腐殖质raw material 原料raw ore 未选的矿石raw soil 生土raw water 未加工水rayfungi 放线菌类rayleigh distribution 瑞利分布reaction current 逆流reaction principle 反应原理reaction product 反应产物reaction rate 反应速度reaction rim 反应边reaction series 反应系列reactivation 再活化readjustment 校正reagent 试剂real crystal 真实晶体real image 实象realgar 鸡冠石reamer 扩孔器reamer bit 扩孔钻头reaming 扩眼reaming bit 扩眼钻头rearrangement 重新配置recapitulation 再现receiving surface 接收面recent crust horizontal movement 现代地壳水平运动recent exogenetic movement 现代外生运动recent geological period 现代地质时期recent vertical crust movement 现代地壳垂直运动recess 褶皱带内凹部;凹穴recession constant 衰退常数recession curve 递减曲线recessional moraine 后退冰碛recharge 补给recharge line 补给线recharge pit 补给坑recharge water 补给水recharge well 补给井recipient 容器reciprocal lattice 倒易格子reciprocating pump 往复泵recoil electron 反冲电子recombination 再化合reconnaissance 踏勘reconstruction 复原recorder 记录器recorder strip 记录带recording chart 记录纸recording device 记录装置recording drum 记录圆筒recording gage 自动记录测定计recording oscillograph 记录示波器recording paper 记录纸recording tape 记录带recoverable oil reserves 可采石油储量recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recovery time 恢复时间recrement 矸石recrystallization 重结晶酌recrystallization texture 再结晶织构rectangular wave 矩形波rectilinear scanning 直线扫描rectorite 累托石recumbent anticline 伏背斜recumbent fold 伏卧褶皱recurrence 循环red algae 红藻类red brass 红色黄铜red brown mediterranean soil 地中海褐色土red clay 红土red copper ore 赤铜矿red earth 红壤red iron ore 赤铁矿red iron stone 赤铁矿red mud 红泥red phosphorus 红磷red soil 红壤reddingite 磷锰矿redeposition 再沉积redge 暗礁redingtonite 水铬镁矾redissolving 再溶解redox equilibrium 氧化还原平衡redox potential 氧化还原势redox process 氧化还原过程redox system 氧化还原系reduced cell 简化格子reduced pressure 折算压力reducer 还原剂reducing capacity 还原能力reducing joint 异径连接reduction 减少reduction division 减数分裂reduction of gravity 重力归算reduzate 还原沉积物reef 礁reef bin 矿仓reef building corals 造礁珊瑚reef cap 礁帽reemission 重发射reference data 参考资料reference ellipsoid 参考椭球体reference point 基准点reference pressure 基准压力reference spheroid 参考椭球体reference table 换算表reference temperature 基准温度refined oil 精制油refinement 精制refining 精制reflectance 反射比reflected light 反射光reflected wave 反射波reflecting galvanometer 反射电疗reflecting microscope 反射显微镜reflection 反射reflection anisotrophism 反射蛤异性reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection electron microscope 反射电子显微镜reflection factor 反射系数reflection method 反射法reflection of light 光反射reflection pleochroism 反射多色性reflection seismograph 反射地震仪reflection survey 反射波法勘查reflective power 反射能力reflectivity 反射比reflectometer 反射计reflector 反射镜refracted wave 折射波refracting medium 折射介质refraction 折射refraction correlation method 折射波对比法refraction method 折射法refraction of cleavage 劈理折射refraction survey 折射波法勘探refractive index 折射率refractivity 折射性refractometer 折光计refractoriness 耐火度refractory 耐火材料refractory brick 耐火砖refractory clay 耐火粘土refractory material 耐火材料refractory sand 耐火砂refrigeration 冷却refuse 废料refusion 再溶regelation 重凝regenerated deposit 再生矿床regenerated glacier 再生冰川regeneration 再生regeneration theory 再生学说regenerative amplification 再生放大regime of river 河灵况region 地域regional 地方的regional geochemistry 区域地球化学regional geological reconnaissance 区域地质甸regional geology 区域地质学regional geomorphology 区域地貌学regional gravity anomaly 区域重力异常regional isostatic anomaly 区域均衡异常regional metamorphism 区域变质regional remote sensing 区域遥感regional unconformity 区域不整合registration 记录registration paper 记录纸regma 破裂regolith 表皮土regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regression line 海退线regressive metamorphism 退化变质regressive sequence 海退层序regular hexahedron 正六面体regular polygon 正多边形regular polyhedron 正多面体regular reflection 规则反射regular system 等轴晶系regulation reservoir 蝶蓄水池regur 黑棉土reinerite 砷锌矿reinite 方钨铁矿rejects 尾矿rejuvenated geosyncline 新生式地槽rejuvenated landform 地形侵蚀回春rejuvenated relief 地形侵蚀回春rejuvenated river 回春河rejuvenated water 再生水rejuvenation 回春酌relationship 关系relative age 相对时代relative aperture 相对孔径relative biological effectiveness 相对生物效率relative height 相对高度relative humidity of atomsphere 大气相对湿度relative isotopic abundance 同位素相对丰度relative permeability 相对渗透性relative relief 地势起伏量relative valency effect 相对原子价效果relative viscosity 相对粘度relaxation 松弛relaxation effect 张弛效应relaxation time 松弛时间relay 继电器relay interrupter 继电平断续器release 释放release joint 解压节理release magnet 释放电磁铁relic 残余relic area 残遗分布区relic mineral 残余矿物relic soil 残遗土壤relic species 残遗种relic structure 残余构造relict 残余物relief 地势relief energy 地势起伏量relief intensity 地势起伏强度relief inversion 地形转换relief map 起伏量图relief ratio 硫高宽比relief volume 起伏量reluctance 磁阻remanence 剩余磁性remanent magnetization 剩磁remining 再次开采remnant arc 古岛弧remobilization 再活化remolding 破碎remote control 遥控remote hybrid 远缘杂种remote sensing 遥感remote sensing application 遥感应用remote sensing technology 遥感技术removal 消去renardite 多水磷铅铀矿rendzina 黑色石灰土renewed fault 复活断层reniform 肾状的reniform structure 肾状构造rensselaerite 假晶滑石rent 裂口repair part 备件repeller 反射极reperforator 复凿孔机replacement 交代replenishment 补充replica 复制replica method 复型法reprecipitation 二次沉下representative species 典型种reproducer 复制穿孔机reproducibility 再现性reptiles 爬虫类rescue borehole 救护钻孔research 甸resedimentation 再沉积resequent river 再顺河reserves 矿石埋臧量reservoir 贮水池reservoir evaporation 储水蒸发reservoir lake 储水湖reservoir rock 储油岩石reservoir structure 储热构造reshuffle 重新配置residual affinity 残留亲和力residual anomaly 剩余异常residual bouguer anomaly 布格剩余异常residual clay 残余粘土residual deposit 残留矿床residual drawdown 残余水位下降residual electric charge 剩余电荷residual geosyncline 残余地槽residual gravity 剩余重力residual gravity anomaly 剩余重力异常residual heat 残热residual magma 残余岩浆residual magnetism 剩余磁性residual mass 剩余质量residual mobility period 余动期residual mountain 残余山residual sediment 残余沉积物residual soil 残余土壤residual stability period 余定期residual standard deviation 剩余标准差residual stress in rocks 岩石残余应力residual valence 剩余价residuary water 废水residuum 残留物resilience 弹性resin 尸resinite 尸体resinitic liptobiolite 尸残殖煤resinous lustre 尸光泽resistance thermometer 电阻温度计resistant rock 稳固岩石resistate 残留产物resistivity 电阻率resistivity logging 电阻率测井resistivity survey 电阻率甸resolution 分解能力resolver 解算器分解器resolving power 分解能力resonance absorption of neutron 中子共振吸收resonance energy level 共振能级resonance of chemical bonds 化学键间的共振resources 资源resources remote sensing 资源遥感response time 响应时间restite 残余体restoration 复原restriction arc 限制弧resultant 合量resurgent water 复活水retained water 薄膜水retardation 减速;行路差retarded creep 延迟蠕变retarded potential 推迟电势retarding electrode 制动电极retarding field 减速场retarding torque 制动转矩retention of water 水分保持retgersite 镍矾reticle 十字线reticular cell 网状细胞reticular structure 网状构造reticulate venation 网状脉reticulated mottle 网状斑点reticulated veine 网状脉reticulation 网状reticulum cell 网状细胞retinite 尸石retort 蒸馏器retort carbon 甑碳retreat 后退retreatment cell 再选浮选机retroaction 反酌retrogradation 海蚀后退retrograde metamorphism 退化变质retrogressive accumulation 向源推积retrogressive metamorphism 退化变质retrogressive succession 逆行演替return flow 回流revdinskite 镍铁绿泥石reverberation 混响reverberatory furnace 反射炉reversal 倒转reversal of geomagnetic field 地磁场倒转reversal of magnetization 磁化逆转reversal of the earth's field 地磁极逆转reverse circulation 反循环reverse circulation flushing 反循环冲洗reverse fault 逆断层reverse feedback 负回授reverse grading 逆粒级reverse mutation 回复突变reverse position 倒转层位reverse rotary boring 反向旋转钻井reverse thermoremanent magnetization 反向热剩余磁化reverse zoning 逆带现象reversed fault 逆冲断层reversed fold 倒转褶皱reversed river 反向河reversibility 可逆性reversible cell 可逆电池reversible chemical reaction 可逆化学反应reversible colloid 可逆胶体reversible magnetization 可逆磁化reversible motor 可逆电动机reversible pendulum 可倒摆reversing thermometer 回动温度计reversion 返祖revived fault 复活断层revived structure 再生结构revolution 变革revoredite 硫砷铅石reyerite 铝白钙沸石rezbanyite 铜辉铅铋矿rhabdolith 棒状晶体rhabdophanite 磷铈钇矿rhaegmageny 断裂运动rhaetian 瑞提阶rhaetic stage 瑞提阶rhagite 砷酸铋矿rhegmagenesis 断裂运动rheidity 怜性rhenium 铼rhenium osmium method 铼锇年代测定法rheological behavior 龄性行为rheology 龄学rheomorphism 龄rhizoid 假根rhizome 根茎rhizopodium 根足rhizosphere 根圈rhodesite 纤硅碱钙石rhodite 铑金矿rhodium 铑rhodizite 硼锂铍矿rhodochrome 暗绿石rhodochrosite 菱锰岩rhodonite 蔷薇辉石rhoenite 褐斜闪石rhombenporphyry 菱长斑岩rhombic 斜方的rhombic dipyramidal class 斜方双锥体类rhombic dodecahedron 斜方十二面体rhombic hemimorphic hemihedral class 菱形异极半面象晶族rhombic prism 斜方柱rhombic pyramid 斜方锥rhombic system 斜方晶系rhombic tetrahedral class 斜方四面体类rhombohedral class 菱面体类rhombohedral hemimorphic hemihedral class 菱形极半面象晶族rhombohedral system 菱形晶系rhombohedral tetrahedry 斜方正多面像rhombohedral tetratohedral class 菱形四分面体类rhombohedron 菱形六面体rhyodacite 疗英安岩rhyolite 疗岩rhythm 韵律ria 溺河rias coast 里亚斯式海岸ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸rich ore 富矿richetite 板铅铀矿richmondite 四水磷铝石richterite 锰闪石rickardite 铜碲矿riddle 粗筛ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石riedenite 方黑云霓辉岩riemannite 水铝英石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角right bank 右岸right handed crystal 右晶rigid body 刚体rigid dynamics 刚体动力学rigidity 刚性rill 小溪rill erosion 细沟侵蚀rill marks 鳞rille 月面谷rim 岬rime 雾淞rind 外皮ring compound 环状化合物ring counter 环形计数器ring dike 环状岩墙ring fault 环状断层ring like ore body 环状矿体ring ore 环状矿石ring silicate 环状硅酸盐ring structure 环状构造rinkite 层硅铈钛矿rinkolite 绿层硅铈钛矿rinneite 钾铁盐ripidolite 铁绿泥石ripple 脉动ripple current 波纹电流ripple marks 波痕ripple noises 电源交岭声ripples 皱纹rise 海隆rish 急冲rising velocity 上升速度risorite 钛褐钇铌矿riss glacial stage 里斯冰期rivage 河岸river 河river bank 河岸river basin 硫river bed 河床river bed placer 河床砂矿river bend 河曲river bottom 河底river capture 河霖夺river erosion 河林蚀river gravel 河砾石river mouth 河口river profile 河凛剖面river profile of equilibrium 河两衡剖面river swamp 河沼泽river system 河系river terrace 河成阶地river width 河幅riverside 河岸riverside soil 泛滥地土壤rivotite 里播岩rivulet 小河rizzonite 玻基辉橄岩road 巷道roadway support 巷道支架roast ore 焙烧矿石rock 岩石rock breaking 岩石破坏rock breaking tool 碎石工具rock burst 岩石突出rock cementation 岩石胶结酌rock creep 岩石蠕动rock crusher 碎石机rock crystal 水晶rock desert 石质沙漠rock drillability 岩石的可钻性rock dust 岩石尘土rock facies 岩相rock fields 岩海rock formation 岩系rock forming element 造岩元素rock forming minerals 造岩矿物rock gas 天然气rock grouting 岩石胶结酌rock hardness 岩硬rock hardness ratio 岩石硬度比rock magnetism 岩石磁性rock mass 岩石层;岩块rock meal 岩粉rock mechanics 岩石力学rock movement 岩层移动rock pillar 岩柱rock pressure 岩石压力rock salt 岩盐rock strata 岩层rock stream 石流rock system 岩石系统rock terrace 岩石阶地rock texture 岩石结构rock toughness 岩石的粘性rock vegetation 石生植被rock wall 石墙rock weathering 岩石风化rock's abrasivity 岩石的研磨性rockallite 钠辉细岗岩rockbasin 岩盆rocket sounding 火箭探空rockfacies 岩相rockfall 岩崩rockfill 填石rockslide 岩滑rocky 多岩石的rocky coast 岩石海岸rod 钻杆rod boring 钻杆钻进rod holder 钻杆夹钎器rod mill 棒磨机rodding structure 杆状构造rodingite 异剥钙榴辉长岩rodless drilling 无钻杆钻进roeblingite 铅蓝方石roemerite 粒铁矾roentgen 伦琴roentgen equivalent 伦琴当量roentgen equivalent man 雷姆roentgen rays x 射线roepperite 锌锰橄集rogersite 六水铁矾roll crusher 辊式破碎机roller bit 牙轮钻头rolling 滚romanechite 钡硬锰矿romanzovite 钙铝榴石romeite 锑钙石ron magnesium metasomatism 铁镁交代酌roof 顶板roof bolting 顶板锚栓支架roof of coal seam 煤层顶板roof rock 顶盖岩roof timbering 顶板支架roofing slate 盖板岩room 室rooseveltite 砷铋矿root nodule 根瘤root zone 根带rootless fumarole 无根喷气孔rope boring 绳私打钻rope socket 绳帽ropy lava 波纹熔岩rosasite 斜方绿铜锌矿roscoelite 钒云母rose diagram 玫瑰图rose quartz 蔷薇石英rosenbuschite 橙针钠钙石rosieresite 磷铝铅铜矿ross 岬rossite 水钒钙石rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机rotary filter 旋转滤器rotary percussive drilling 回转冲魂进rotary polarization of petroleum 石油旋光性rotary system of drilling 回转钻井方法rotary table 转盘rotating crystal method 旋转晶体法rotating meter 旋转临计rotating table 转盘rotation tectonite r 构造岩rotation twin 旋转双晶rotational deformation 旋转变形rotational fault 旋转断层rotational grain 旋转晶粒rotational speed 转速rotatory fault 旋转断层rotten spot 锅穴rougemontite 橄钛辉长岩rougher flotation 粗选roughing 粗选roughness 粗糙度roughness coefficient 粗糙度系数round trip 回次round worms 线形动物类roundness 圆度roundstone 圆石route 航线routivarite 褶英二长岩rouvillite 淡霞斜岩row 煤层roweit 基性硼锰钙石rowlandite 硅氟铁钇矿royalty 矿藏开采权rubbish 碎屑;废石rubbish dump 碎石堆rubble 碎石rubellite 红电气石rubicelle 橙尖晶石rubidium 铷rubidium strontium dating 铷锶年代测定rubidium strontium method 铷锶年代测定法rubrozem 腐殖质红色土ruby 红宝石rudaceous 砾状的rudimentary organ 退化瀑rudimentogeosyncline 雏地槽rudyte 砾质岩rugged 凹凸不平的ruin 毁灭rules of nomenclature 命名法规rumpfite 淡斜绿泥石run 走向run of bank gravel 采石坑砾石run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿run off 瘤running sand 松砂running water level 廉位runoff coefficient 经恋数rupelian 鲁培勒阶rupture 破裂rupture stress 破裂应力ruptured zone 碎裂带russellite 钨铋矿rust coloured forest soil 潜育灰化土ruthenium 钌rutherfordine 纤碳铀矿rutile 金红石。
岩石力学英文翻译
Sometimes it is suggested that mining engineering and its supporting engineeringsciences have reached a state of maturity. However, this proposition is inconsistentwith major developments in the twenty years that have elapsed since the preparation ofthe first edition of this book, and the ten years since it has been subject to any substantial revision. Over those periods, innovations and improvements in engineering practice in mining and mining rock mechanics, and advances in the engineering science of rock mechanics, have been extraordinary. For these reasons the third edition, whichresults from comprehensive and thorough revision of the earlier editions, has involvedthe replacement or substantial modification of the equivalent of about half of the textand figures of those versions of the book.One of the key drivers for many significant developments in fundamental rock mechanics over the period has been the mining industry’s recognition of the economicreturns of better understanding and more rigorous application of the governing sciences embedded in its industrial operations and processes. The result has been somenotable advances in mining engineering practice, involving improvements in miningmethods in particular. For example, caving methods are now more widely appliedas understanding of their scientific basis has improved and their economic and operational advantages have been realised. Whereas sublevel caving was once regardedin some places as a method of marginal interest, the advent of very large scale sublevel caving, made possible in part by improved drilling technology and in part by understanding of the governing rock mechanics, it is now an attractive proposition formany orebodies. Similarly, block caving is now conducted efficiently and reliably inorebody settings that would have been inconceivable two decades ago. At the same time, methods such as overhand cut-and-fill stoping and shrink stoping have declinedin application, replaced in part by open stoping and bench-and-fill stoping, where large scale mechanisation, improved backfill technology, reliable rock mass reinforcementof stope walls and the intrinsic advantages of non-entry methods of working have ledto superior economics and enhanced operational safety.The scope of developments in mining rock mechanics science and practice has beenas impressive as that in mining engineering. Perhaps the most significant advance has been the resolution of some longstanding issues of rock fracture, failure and strengthand their relation to the modes of deformation and degradation of rock around mining excavations. The fact that the key research on this topic was conducted at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited demonstrates the extent to which mining rock mechanics has benefited from fundamental research inother fields of rock engineering. The mechanics of blocky rock has also been a field of impressive development, particularly in regard to formulation of a broad spectrum of methods of analysis of block jointed rock and their application in excavation engineering and support and reinforcement design. More generally, improved understandingof the mechanics of discontinuous rock has had a profound effect on simulation ofcaving mechanics and therefore on the design and operation of block caving andsublevel caving mines.Mining-induced seismicity and the related phenomenon of rockbursts have become more prevalent in hard rock mining. Developments in mineworthy seismic equipmentand associated data recording, processing and analysis hardware and software have contributed greatly to measurement, characterisation and management of the problem. These developments have been complemented by measures in excavation designand extraction sequencing which have done much to mitigate the serious operating problems which can occur in seismically active, rockburst prone mines. In large-scale open stope mining, Canadian developments based on pillarless stoping, formulationof extraction sequences which promote the evolution and uniform displacement of a regular mine stress abutment, and the extensive use of cement-stabilised backfill, have been successful in managing an acute mining challenge. Notably, these measures have been based on sound conceptual and analytical models of the relation of damaging seismicity to induced stress, geological structure, potential rock displacements and strain energy release during mining.Some remarkable developments in computational methods have supported these improvements in rock mechanics practice. Many mining rock mechanics problemsare effectively four-dimensional, in that it is the evolution of the state of stress over the time scale of the mining life of the orebody which needs to be interpreted in terms ofthe probable modes of response of the host rock mass. The computational efficiencyof tools for three-dimensional stress analysis now permits modelling of key stages ofan extraction sequence, for example, as a matter of routine rock mechanics practice. Similarly, computer power and efficient algorithms provide a notable capacity to simulate the displacement and flow of rock in cave mining and to support design of optimum caving layouts.Notwithstanding these developments, it is encouraging to note continued attentionto formal mathematical analysis in solution of rock mechanics problems. The resultsof such analysis provide the canonical solutions for the discipline of rock mechanicsand ensure a sound base for both the science and engineering practice.In preparing this extensive revision, the authors have been fortunate to have thesupport of many colleagues and several organisations. In particular, they would liketo record the helpful advice and comment of colleagues on possible improvementsin earlier editions of the book and in identifying inevitable errors in the text. They acknowledge the generous assistance of the Brisbane office of Golder Associates in providing facilities and many helpful services, particularly in assistance with draftingof the figures for this edition. One of the authors was supported for part of thework of revision by The University of Western Australia, and the other by the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre of The University of Queensland. This support, including the associated library services, is acknowledged with gratitude. The authorsthank the many individuals and organisations who generously gave permission to use published material. Finally, they record the encouragement of publisher’s representative, Petra van Steenbergen, and her patient assistance and advice during this majorundertaking.。
岩土基本术语英汉对照
岩土基本术语英汉对照一、工程勘测岩土工程geotechnical engineering岩石工程rock engineering土力学soil mechanics岩石力学rock mechanics土动力学soil dynamics岩石动力学rock dynamics非饱和土力学unsaturated soil mechanics工程地质学engineering geology水文地质学hydrogeology地下水动力学groundwater dynamics环境岩土工程geoenvironmental engineering近海岩土工程offshore geotechnical engineering 灾害地质学disaster geology流变学rheology散体力学mechanics of granular media断裂力学fracture mechanics理论土力学theoretical soil mechanics计算土力学computational soil mechanics地貌geomorphology地貌单元landform unit平原plain丘陵hill山地mountain河谷阶地fluvial terrace冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron岩溶Karst岩土和地质构造地质环境geologic environment地质环境要素geologic environmental element岩石rock岩体rock mass岩浆岩(火成岩)magmatic rock,igneous rock 沉积岩sedimentary rock变质岩metamorphic rock新鲜岩石fresh rock完整岩石intack rock 风化岩weathered rock构造岩structural rock,tectonite结构面structural plane结构体structural block岩体结构类型structural type of rock mass 软弱结构面weak structural plane软弱夹层weak intercalated layer基岩bed rock土soil土体soil mass残积土residual soil坡积土talus,slope wash洪积土diluvial soil冲积土alluvial soil风积土aeolian deposit海积土marine soil特殊性土special soil软土soft clay淤泥muck淤泥质土mucky soil黄土loess湿陷性土collapsible soil红粘土lateritic soil;red clay分散性粘土dispersive clay膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil盐渍土saline soil有机质土organic soil泥炭质土peaty soil泥炭peat冻土frozen soil多年冻土perennially frozen soil季节冻土seasonally frozen soil人工填土fill,filled soil素填土plain fill杂填土miscellaneous fill,rubbish fill冲填土hydraulic fill,dredger fill压实填土compacted fill地质构造geological structure褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline断裂rupture,fracture裂隙fissure节理joint断层fault活断层active fault破碎带fracture zone产状attitude风化作用weathering风化壳weathered crust风化带weathered zone风化程度degree of weathering,intensity of weathering地表水surface water地下水groundwater包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interlayer water裂隙水fissure water不透水层impervious layer径流区runoff area地下径流subsurface runoff水头water head储水系数storage coefficient导水系数transmissivity给水度specific yield持水度water retaining capacity容水量water bearing capacity影响半径radius of influence弥散系数dispersion coefficient地下水化学类型chemical type of groundwater地下水总矿化度total mineralization of groundwater地下水硬度groundwater hardness地下水腐蚀性groundwater corrosivity地下水污染roundwater pollution地下水等水位线图contour map of groundwater水文地质勘察hydrogeological investigation水文地质测绘hydrogeological survey,hydrogeological surveying and mapping水文地质钻探hydrogeological drilling岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigations 工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting岩芯采取率core recovery取土器soil sampler薄壁取土器thin wall sampler厚壁取土器thick wall sampler不扰动土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample土试样质量等级quality grade of soil samples坑探pit exploration地球物理勘探geophysical exploration电法勘探electrical exploration磁法勘探magnetic exploration电磁法electromagnetic geophysical exploration探地雷达法ground penetrating radar method(GPR)地震勘探seismic exploration声波探测acoustic exploration红外探测infrared detection遥感勘测remote sensing prospecting原位测试in-situ testing平板载荷试验plate loading test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate loading test旁压试验pressuremeter test(PMT)扁铲侧胀试验flat dilatometer test(DMT)静力触探试验cone penetration test(CPT)孔压静力触探试验piezocone test,piezocone penetration test (CPTU)圆锥动力触探试验dynamic penetration test(DPT)标准贯入试验standard penetration test(SPT)十字板剪切试验vane test,vane shear test(VST)原位直接剪切试验in-situ shear test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method水力劈裂法hydraulic fracturing technique波速测试wave velocity test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test渗水试验infiltration test;pit permeability test压水试验pump-in test连通试验connecting test弥散试验dispersion test水质分析chemical and physical analysis of water勘察成果与评价岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report勘察阶段investigation stage工程地质单元engineering geological unit工程地质图engineering geologic map综合工程地质图comprehensive engineering geologic map综合柱状图composite columnar section工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile探坑展示图extension chart of pit & shaft赤平极射投影polar-sterometric projection岩土工程分级classification of geotechnical projects岩土工程评价geotechnical evaluation工程测量engineering survey精密工程测量precise engineering survey高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss-Krueger plane rectangular coordinate system独立坐标系independent coordinate system高程elevation; height国家高程基准National Height Datum 1985水准测量leveling精密水准测量precise leveling测量标志surveying mark基准点datum point工作基点operating control point监测网monitoring control network限差tolerance点位误差position error 点位中误差mean square error of points相对中误差relative mean square error现场监测与检测现场监测in-situ monitoring原型监测prototype monitoring现场检测in-situ inspection地下水监测groundwater monitoring地下水动态观测groundwater dynamic observation孔隙水压力监测pore water pressure monitoring土压力监测earth pressure test岩土体位移监测displacement monitoring for soil and rock地面沉降监测ground subsidence monitoring地基变形监测ground deformation monitoring岩土体测斜inclination monitoring for soil and rock分层沉降观测layered settlement observation围岩收敛观测ambient rock convergence monitoring岩土环境污染监测monitoring for geotechnical environment pollution基槽检验foundation trench inspection桩底沉渣检测sludge measurement for bored pile锚杆基本试验basic tests of anchor锚杆验收试验anchor acceptance test土钉抗拔检测pull-out test of soil nail地下连续墙质量检测test of diaphragm wall复合地基载荷试验loading test of composite foundation二、岩土基本特性与室内试验土的组构soil fabric土的结构soil structure土骨架soil skeleton比表面积specific surface孔隙水pore water自由水free water重力水gravitational water毛细管水capillary water吸着水absorbed water粒径grain size粒径分布曲线grain size distribution curve 限制粒径constrained grain size有效粒径effective grain size粒组fraction巨粒类土over coarse-grained soil粗粒类土coarse-grained soil 细粒类土fine-grained soil漂石(块石)boulder(stone block)卵石(碎石)cobble砾类土gravelly soil砂类土sandy soil粉粒土silt soil黏粒土clay soil细粒土fines含粗粒的细粒土fines with coarse粉土silt粘性土cohesive soil无粘性土cohesionless soil不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity 曲率系数coefficient of curvature级配gradation良好级配土well-grade soil不良级配土poorly-grade soil不连续级配土gap-grade soil土试样soil specimen室内试验laboratory test含水率water content密度density重度unit weight土粒比重specific gravity of soil particle三相图three phase diagram孔隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio临界孔隙比critical void ratio饱和度degree of saturation饱和土saturated soil非饱和土unsaturated soil颗粒分析试验particle size analysis稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index缩性指数shrinkage index活动性指数activity index塑性图plasticity chart膨胀力swelling force膨胀率swelling ratio自由膨胀率free swelling ratio线缩率linear shrinkage ratio体缩率volume shrinkage ratio冻胀frost heave冻胀力frost-heaving pressure冻胀量frost-heave capacity融陷性thaw collapsibility相对密度relative density压实性compactibility击实试验compaction test最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水率optimum moisture content压实度degree of compaction加州承载比California Bearing Ratio(CBR)土体渗透性permeability of soil渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透试验permeability test 达西定律Darcy’s law水力梯度hydraulic gradient临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient渗流seepage渗透力seepage force压缩性compressibility固结consolidation单向固结unidirectional consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidationK0 固结K0-consolidation固结试验consolidation test压缩系数coefficient of compressibility体积压缩系数coefficient of volume compressibility压缩指数compression index压缩模量constrained modulus回弹指数swelling index回弹模量rebound modulus固结度degree of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure超固结比overconsolidation ratio(OCR)正常固结土normally consolidated soil超固结土over consolidated soil欠固结土underconsolidated soil湿陷性collapsibility湿陷变形collapse deformation黄土湿陷试验collapsibility test of loess湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure抗剪强度shear strength灵敏度sensitivity剪切试验shear test直剪试验direct shear test快剪试验quick shear test固结快剪试验consolidated quick shear test慢剪试验slow shear test无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compressive strength test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test不固结不排水三轴试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验consolidated-undrained triaxial test固结排水三轴试验consolidated-drained triaxial test三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test强度包线strength envelope粘聚力cohesion内摩擦角internal friction angle天然休止角natural angle of repose触变性thixotropy剪胀性dilatancy应变软化strain softening应变硬化strain hardening破坏强度failure strength塑性破坏plastic failure脆性破坏brittle failure峰值强度peak strength残余强度residual strength孔隙水压力系数pore pressure parameter应力路径stress path应力路径试验stress path test真三轴试验true triaxial test平面应变试验plane strain test单剪试验simple shear test扭剪试验torsional shear test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test共振柱试验resonant column test土工离心模型试验geotechnical centrifugal model test岩体结构structure of rock mass岩块block岩石分类rock classification工程岩体engineering rock mass岩体结构面(不连续面)structural plane(discontinuity)结构面迹长trace of structural plane结构面密度density of structural plane原生结构面primary structure plane构造结构面constructive structure plane次生结构面secondary structure plane结构面分级classification of structure plane不连续岩体discontinuous rock mass延续性continuity粗糙度roughness张开度(开度)aperture充填物filling substance岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 岩石颗粒密度particle density of rock岩石块体密度block density of rock岩石含水率water content of rock岩石吸水率water-absorption of rock岩石饱和吸水率saturated water-absorption of rock节理连通率joint persistence ratio岩体体积节理数volumetric joint count of rock mass抗压强度compressive strength单轴抗压强度single axis compressive strength单轴抗压强度试验single axis compressive strength test单轴压缩变形试验single axis compression deformation test三轴抗压强度triaxial compressive strength三轴压缩强度试验triaxial compressive strength test压剪试验compressive shear test岩体直剪试验direct shear test of rock mass岩体结构面直剪试验direct shear test of structural plane抗剪断强度shearing strength抗剪试验anti-shear test抗切强度anti-cut strength抗切试验anti-cut test摩擦强度friction strength结构面的面摩擦强度surface friction strength of structure plane抗拉强度tensile strength岩石抗拉强度试验tensile strength test of rock抗弯试验bending test劈裂试验(巴西试验)split test点荷载强度试验point load strength test岩石膨胀压力swelling pressure of rock岩石自由膨胀率free swelling ratio of rock岩石侧向约束膨胀率lateral restraint swelling ratio of rock岩石膨胀性试验swelling test of rock岩石耐崩解性试验disintegration-resistance test of rock长期模量long-term modulus长期强度long-term strength抗冻性系数软化系数softening coefficient疲劳强度fatigue strength弹性后效delayed elasticity应力松弛stress relaxation松弛时间relaxation time流动特性flow behavior蠕变creep剪胀shear dilatation风化weathering泥化mudding泥化夹层siltized intercalation/muddy intercalation卸荷变形unloading deformation粘滞系数coefficient of viscosity微裂纹micro crack岩爆rock burst岩体初始应力(原岩应力)initial rock stress(geostress)初始应力场initial stress field尺度效应scale effect岩石扩容dilatancy of rock岩石声发射acoustic emission of rock 应力解除法stress-relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method高压压水试验high pressure water test岩体原位应力测试in-situ rock stress test承压板法试验bearing plate test钻孔变形试验borehole deformation test狭缝法试验slit method test岩体声波速度测试acoustic speed test of rock mass岩石坚硬程度hardness degree of rock岩石质量指标rock quality designation (RQD)岩体基本质量rock mass basic quality(BQ)岩体基本质量分级classification of rock mass basic quality三基本理论与计算分析半无限弹性体semi-infinite elastic body中心荷载(轴心荷载)central load偏心荷载eccentric load集中荷载(点荷载)concentrated load均布荷载uniformly distributed load条形荷载strip load线荷载line load交变荷载alternating load周期荷载cyclic load瞬时荷载transient load动荷载dynamic load体积力body force表面力surface force覆盖压力overburden pressure超载surcharge应力分布stress distribution应力集中stress concentration自重应力geostatic stress,self-weight stress基底压力(接触压力)contact pressure附加应力additional stress,superimposed stress 基底附加压力additional stress on the base剪应变shear strain体应变volumetric strain弹性应变elastic strain塑性应变plastic strain弹性模量(杨氏模量)modulus of elasticity变形模量modulus of deformation剪切模量shear modulus泊松比Poisson’s ratio 体积模量bulk modulus文克勒假定Winkler’s assumption沉降settlement沉降计算深度settlement calculation depth最终沉降final settlement初始沉降(瞬时沉降)immediate settlement主固结沉降primary consolidation settlement次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation settlement不均匀沉降non-uniform settlement容许沉降allowable settlement工后沉降settlement after construction沉降速率rate of settlement太沙基固结理论Terzaghi’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biot’s consolidation theory地基回弹rebound of foundation基坑底隆胀heaving of the bottom塑流plastic flow屈服yield屈服面yield surface应力空间stress space应变空间strain space应力历史stress history临塑荷载critical edge pressure塑性平衡状态state of plastic equilibrium塑性区plastic zone整体剪切破坏general shear failure局部剪切破坏local shear failure冲剪破坏punching shear failure容许承载力allowable bearing capacity承载力因数bearing capacity factors极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity块体理论block theory岩石的强度理论strength theory of rock摩尔-库仑定律Mohr-Coulomb Law极限平衡状态limit equilibrium极限平衡条件limit equilibrium condition有效应力原理principle of effective stress总应力total stress有效应力effective stress孔隙压力pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙压力比pore pressure ratio静水压力hydrostatic pressure超静水压力excess pore water pressure扬压力uplift pressure浮托力buoyancy稳定渗流steady seepage流网flow net流线flow line等势线equipotential line浸润线phreatic line渗透稳定性seepage stability长期稳定性long-term stability临界高度critical height(of slope)土的液化soil liquefaction液化势liquefaction potential液化破坏理论liquefaction failure theory渐近破坏progressive failure渐进破坏理论progressive failure theory凯塞效应Kaiser effect布辛涅斯克理论Boussinesq theory明德林解Mindlin’s solution角点法corner-point method分层总和法layerwise summation method沉降曲线settlement curve固结曲线consolidation curve摩尔-库仑破坏准则Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion 屈服准则yield criteria屈列斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criteria米塞斯屈服准则Mises yield criteria格里菲斯强度准则Griffith’s strength criterion 应力水平stress level极限平衡法limit equilibrium method库尔曼图解法Kuhlman Graphic安全系数factor of safety稳定分析stability analysis总应力法total stress analysis有效应力法effective stress analysis主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest被动土压力passive earth pressure库仑土压力理论Coulomb’s earth pressure theory朗肯土压力理论Rankine’s earth pressure theory条分法method of slice瑞典圆弧法Swedish circle method毕肖普简化条分法Bishop’s simplified method of slice稳定数stability number邓肯-张模型Duncan-Chang Model剑桥模型(临界状态模型)Cam-Clay model有限元法Finite Element Method(FEM)有限差分法Finite Difference Method(FDM)边界元法Boundary Element Method(BEM)离散元法Distinct Element Method(DEM)地基处理ground treatment,soil improvement置换法replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification,compacting排水固结法consolidation,preloading灌入固化物法grouting curing material method加筋法reinforced method托换法underpinning复合地基composite ground,composite subgrade,composite foundation土工合成材料geosynthetics岩土锚固ground anchors, anchorage垫层cushion强夯置换法dynamic replacement褥垫法pillow抛石挤淤法rock filling replacement爆破挤淤法blasting replacement爆夯法blasting compaction轻量填土法light weight filling碾压法compaction by rolling强夯法dynamic consolidation,dynamic compaction振冲法vibro-flotation挤密砂(碎石)桩法densification by sand pile爆炸加密法densification by explosion振动压实法vibro-compaction排水砂井sand drain袋装砂井packed drain,fabric-enclosed drain塑料排水板(带)prefabricated strip drain,geodrain堆载预压法preloading真空预压法vacuum preloading真空堆载联合预压法vacuum combined surcharge preloading 电渗法electro-osmosis method砂垫层sand cushion水泥(稳定)土cement stabilization灰土lime treated soil高压喷射注浆法jet groutin挤密注浆法compaction grouting method深层搅拌法deep mixing method灌浆grouting固结灌浆consolidation grouting帷幕灌浆curtain grouting化学灌浆chemical grouting劈裂灌浆hydrofracture grouting土钉soil nailing铺网法fabric sheet reinforced earth加筋土reinforced earth纤维土textsoil,fiber soil纠倾托换rectification underpinning坑式托换pit underpinning桩基托换piles underpinning灌浆托换grouting underpinning锚杆静压桩托换pressed pile underpinning顶升纠倾jack-up leaning rectification堆载加压纠倾surcharge learning rectification掏土纠倾digging-out soil leaning rectification柔性桩复合地基flexible piles composite foundation刚性桩复合地基rigid piles composite foundationgranular material piles composite foundation长短桩复合地基long-short piles composite foundation大直径现浇混凝土管桩复合地基composite foundation of cast-in-place concrete large-diameter pipe pile桩网地基pile supported subgrade灰土挤密桩法compacted lime-soil pile石灰桩法lime pile砂石桩法sand-gravel pile水泥土桩法cement soil pile水泥粉煤灰碎石桩法cement-flyash-gravel pile (CFG pile) 桩土应力比stress ratio荷载分担比bearing ratio复合地基置换率replacement ratio土工合成材料土工织物geotextile织造土工织物woven geotextile非织造土工织物nonwoven geotextile土工膜geomenbrane土工格栅geogrid土工格室geocell土工模袋geofabriform土工复合材料geocomposite聚苯乙烯发泡材料expanded polystyrene (EPS)反滤filtration隔离separation防护protection等效孔径equivalent opening size (EOS)老化aging锚杆(索)anchor,anchorag tendon土层锚杆anchored bar in soil岩石锚杆rock anchor系统锚杆system of anchor bars预应力锚杆prestressed anchor非预应力锚杆non-prestressed anchor拉力型锚杆tensioned anchor压力型锚杆pressured anchor拉力分散型锚杆tensioned multiple-head anchor压力分散型锚杆pressured multiple-head anchor自由段unbonded tendon锚固段bonded tendon四、基础工程柔性基础flexible foundation弹性基础elastic foundation无筋扩展基础non-reinforced spread foundation 刚性基础(rigidity foundation)。
英语力学词汇英汉对译
力学词汇英汉对译通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量 action-angle variables 阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method 并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of -phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration 模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform.陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate 中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method 力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factor HRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation 损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry 网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition自然边界条件 natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集 assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width 波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure流体力学流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media 介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform. flow非均匀流 nonuniform. flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter 几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex综合类:广义连续统力学 generalized continuum mechanics简单物质 simple material纯力学物质 purely mechanical material微分型物质 material of differential type积分型物质 material of integral type混合物组份 constituents of a mixture非协调理论 incompatibility theory微极理论 micropolar theory决定性原理 principle of determinism等存在原理 principle of equipresence局部作用原理 principle of objectivity客观性原理 principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论 theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论 endochronic theory非局部理论 nonlocal theory混合物理论 theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量 Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量 acoustic tensor半向同性张量 hemitropic tensor各向同性张量 isotropic tensor应变张量 strain tensor伸缩张量 stretch tensor连续旋错 continuous dislination连续位错 continuous dislocation动量矩平衡 angular momentum balance余本构关系 complementary constitutive relations共旋导数 co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量 anholonomic component爬升效应 climbing effect协调条件 compatibility condition错综度 complexity当时构形 current configuration能量平衡 energy balance变形梯度 deformation gradient有限弹性 finite elasticity熵增 entropy production标架无差异性 frame. indifference弹性势 elastic potential熵不等式 entropy inequality极分解 polar decomposition低弹性 hypoelasticity参考构形 reference configuration响应泛函 response functional动量平衡 momentum balance奇异面 singular surface贮能函数 stored-energy function内部约束 internal constraint物理分量 physical components本原元 primitive element普适变形 universal deformation速度梯度 velocity gradient测粘流动 viscometric flow当地导数 local derivative岩石力学 rock mechanics原始岩体应力 virgin rock stress构造应力 tectonic stress三轴压缩试验 three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验 three-axial tensile test三轴试验 triaxial test岩层静态应力 lithostatic stress吕荣 lugeon地压强 geostatic pressure水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度 intrinsic shear strength循环抗剪强度 cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength土力学 soil mechanics孔隙比 void ratio内磨擦角 angle of internal friction休止角 angle of repose孔隙率 porosity围压 ambient pressure渗透系数 coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角 angle of shear resistance渗流力 seepage force表观粘聚力 apparent cohesion粘聚力 cohesion稠度 consistency固结 consolidation主固结 primary consolidation次固结 secondary consolidation固结仪 consolidometer浮升力 uplift扩容 dilatancy有效应力 effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力 active earth pressure 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 土动力学 soil dynamics应力解除 stress relief次时间效应 secondary time effect 贯入阻力 penetration resistance 沙土液化 liquefaction of sand泥流 mud flow多相流 multiphase flow马格努斯效应 Magnus effect韦伯数 Weber number环状流 annular flow泡状流 bubble flow层状流 stratified flow平衡流 equilibrium flow二组份流 two-component flow冻结流 frozen flow均质流 homogeneous flow二相流 two-phase flow。
岩石力学4 Mechanical properties of Rock mass
Rock mass is the total in situ medium containing bedding planes, faults, joints, folds and other structural features. Rock masses are discontinuous and often have heterogeneous and anisotropic engineering properties.
5) Shear zones
Shear zones are bands of material, up to several metres thick, in which local shear failure of the rock has previously taken place. They represent zones of stress relief in an otherwise unaltered rock mass throughout which they may occur irregularly. Fractured surfaces in the shear zone may be slickensided or coated with low-friction materials, produced by the stress relief process or weathering. Like faults, shear zones have low shear strengths but they may be much more difficult to identify visually.
4.1 概述 / Introduction
1) Different between rock material and rock mass Rock differs from most other engineering materials in that it contains fractures of one type or another which render its structure discontinuous. Thus a clear distinction must be made between the rock element or rock material and the rock mass.
岩石力学课件(英文版)第三章
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Shale
50% volume of the entire sedimentary rock.
Clay mineral is the leading rock forming mineral for Shale. distribution less than sandstone. finely and have low permeability protect oil、water 、gas.
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Sedimentary rock Classified into 3 types: sandstone, shale, Limestone The quantity of the Sandstone accounts for 25% in the entire Sedimentary rock. Sandstone is the main reservoir for oil and gas.
typified two kinds Igneous Rock : (fine grain细粒) and (coarse grain粗粒) fine grain细粒 :ejected rock(喷出岩) coarse grain粗粒: Intrusive rock(侵入岩
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大规模的多次火山喷发,随着地壳活动的加强,该处不断下降,不断沉积,四周 的水逐渐汇聚于这一近圆形的小湖盆中,在山旺这个火山口发育较好,把其他周 围小的覆盖,然后盆地不断 下沉,不断沉积形成山旺盆地:沉积岩有页岩 、硅 13 藻土等
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砂岩的交错层理
反映出古水流方向:砂岩粒度顺着层系由粗变细 方向为古水流方向
,粗的
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藻叠层石白云岩
它的形成:在潮间带,浪很强,藻类为了生存便 形成了这种叠层状的形态以抗击浪潮。
岩土工程专业英语 可删减
岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock次生矿物secondary mineral地质图geological map断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration花岗岩granite化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 解理cleavage矿物硬度hardness of minerals流滑flow slide泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock砂岩sandstone深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone 岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill冻土frozen soil非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt粉质粘土silty clay红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus未压密土(台)underconsolidated clay 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil,non-cohesive soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土(台)normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency触变thixotropy干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity毛细管水capillary water密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles相对密度relative density, density index 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水(台)free water重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation残余变形residual deformation超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密度(台)degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 预压密压力(台)preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密(台)primary consolidationK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength摩尔-库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model摩尔-库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion切线模量tangent modulus屈服面yield surface弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层(台)substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressue at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 土压力earth pressure 主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope土坡slope土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning 排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test 固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test 慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test 直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test表面波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test 单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile 单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test 静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final setgabbro 辉长岩geographical mapping 地理勘察;地理测绘geological condition 地质状况geological map 地质图geological mapping 地质勘察;地质测绘geological profile 地质剖面geological survey 地质调查Geology Society of Hong Kong 香港地质学会geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geostatic stress 地应力geotechnical 岩土;土力geotechnical appraisal 岩土评估;土力评估Geotechnical Area Study Programme 地区岩土研究计划geotechnical assessment 岩土评估;土力评估geotechnical assessment study 岩土评估研究;土力评估研究geotechnical consultant 岩土工程顾问;土力工程顾问geotechnical control 岩土工程管制geotechnical design assumption 岩土设计假定geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察;岩土工程勘探ground feature 地物;地貌ground investigation 土地勘测;土地勘探;探土ground profile 地形;地形剖面;地形切面ground settlement 土地沉降;地陷ground surface 地面ground survey 地面测量grounding electrode 接地电极groundwater catchment 地下水流域groundwater connectivity test 地下水连通实验groundwater discharge 地下水流量;地下水溢流groundwater drainage works 地下水排水工程groundwater flow direction 地下水流向groundwater level 地下水位groundwater monitoring 地下水监测groundwater pressure measurement 地下水水压测试groundwater regime 地下水体系groundwater table fluctuation 地下水位变动karst cave 岩溶洞karst topography 岩溶地形。
流体力学英语词汇翻译
流体力学英语词汇翻译(1)流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform flow非均匀流 nonuniform flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex气动中心 aerodynamic center气动力 aerodynamic force气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating离解 dissociation地面效应 ground effect气体动力学 gas dynamics稀疏波 rarefaction wave热状态方程 thermal equation of state 喷管 Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流 Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体 compressible fluid绝热流 adiabatic flow非绝热流 diabatic flow未扰动流 undisturbed flow等熵流 isentropic flow匀熵流 homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件 Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程 equation of state量热状态方程 caloric equation of state完全气体 perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle马赫角 Mach angle马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line马赫数 Mach number马赫波 Mach wave当地马赫数 local Mach number冲击波 shock wave激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave斜激波 oblique shock wave头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave激波阵面 shock front激波层 shock layer压缩波 compression wave反射 reflection折射 refraction散射 scattering衍射 diffraction绕射 diffraction出口压力 exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压 back pressure爆炸 explosion爆轰 detonation缓燃 deflagration水动力学 hydrodynamics液体动力学 hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性 Taylor instability盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave斯托克斯波 Stokes wave瑞利数 Rayleigh number自由面 free surface波速 wave speed, wave velocity波高 wave height波列 wave train波群 wave group波能 wave energy表面波 surface wave表面张力波 capillary wave规则波 regular wave不规则波 irregular wave浅水波 shallow water wave深水波 deep water wave重力波 gravity wave椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave潮波 tidal wave涌波 surge wave破碎波 breaking wave船波 ship wave非线性波 nonlinear wave孤立子 soliton水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise 水击 water hammer空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage超空化流 supercavitating flow水翼 hydrofoil水力学 hydraulics洪水波 flood wave涟漪 ripple消能 energy dissipation海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式 Chezy formula欧拉数 Euler number弗劳德数 Froude number水力半径 hydraulic radius水力坡度 hvdraulic slope高度水头 elevating head水头损失 head loss水位 water level水跃 hydraulic jump含水层 aquifer排水 drainage排放量 discharge壅水曲线 back water curve压[强水]头 pressure head过水断面 flow cross-section明槽流 open channel flow孔流 orifice flow无压流 free surface flow有压流 pressure flow缓流 subcritical flow急流 supercritical flow渐变流 gradually varied flow急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow异重流 density current, gravity flow堰流 weir flow掺气流 aerated flow含沙流 sediment-laden stream降水曲线 dropdown curve沉积物 sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition沉降速度 settling velocity流动稳定性 flow stability不稳定性 instability奥尔-索末菲方程 Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程 vorticity equation泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow奥辛流 Oseen flow剪切流 shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流 laminar flow分离流 separated flow二次流 secondary flow近场流 near field flow远场流 far field flow滞止流 stagnation flow尾流 wake [flow]回流 back flow反流 reverse flow射流 jet自由射流 free jet管流 pipe flow, tube flow内流 internal flow拟序结构 coherent structure猝发过程 bursting process表观粘度 apparent viscosity运动粘性 kinematic viscosity动力粘性 dynamic viscosity泊 poise厘泊 centipoise厘沱 centistoke剪切层 shear layer次层 sublayer流动分离 flow separation层流分离 laminar separation湍流分离 turbulent separation分离点 separation point附着点 attachment point再附 reattachment再层流化 relaminarization起动涡 starting vortex驻涡 standing vortex涡旋破碎 vortex breakdown涡旋脱落 vortex shedding压[力]降 pressure drop压差阻力 pressure drag压力能 pressure energy型阻 profile drag滑移速度 slip velocity无滑移条件 non-slip condition壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度 friction velocity磨擦损失 friction loss磨擦因子 friction factor耗散 dissipation滞后 lag相似性解 similar solution局域相似 local similarity气体润滑 gas lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication浆体 slurry泰勒数 Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid边界层理论 boundary later theory边界层方程 boundary layer equation边界层 boundary layer附面层 boundary layer层流边界层 laminar boundary layer湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer温度边界层 thermal boundary layer边界层转捩 boundary layer transition边界层分离 boundary layer separation边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)动量厚度 momentum thickness能量厚度 energy thickness焓厚度 enthalpy thickness注入 injection吸出 suction泰勒涡 Taylor vortex速度亏损律 velocity defect law形状因子 shape factor测速法 anemometry粘度测定法 visco[si] metry流动显示 flow visualization油烟显示 oil smoke visualization孔板流量计 orifice meter频率响应 frequency response油膜显示 oil film visualization阴影法 shadow method纹影法 schlieren method烟丝法 smoke wire method丝线法 tuft method氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method相似理论 similarity theory相似律 similarity law部分相似 partial similarity定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准 static calibration动态校准 dynamic calibration风洞 wind tunnel激波管 shock tube激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel 水洞 water tunnel拖曳水池 towing tank旋臂水池 rotating arm basin扩散段 diffuser测压孔 pressure tap皮托管 pitot tube普雷斯顿管 preston tube斯坦顿管 Stanton tube文丘里管 Venturi tubeU形管 U-tube压强计 manometer微压计 micromanometer多管压强计 multiple manometer静压管 static [pressure]tube流速计 anemometer风速管 Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer流量计 flow meter粘度计 visco[si] meter涡量计 vorticity meter传感器 transducer, sensor压强传感器 pressure transducer热敏电阻 thermistor示踪物 tracer时间线 time line脉线 streak line尺度效应 scale effect壁效应 wall effect堵塞 blockage堵寒效应 blockage effect动态响应 dynamic response响应频率 response frequency底压 base pressure菲克定律 Fick law巴塞特力 Basset force埃克特数 Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number努塞特数 Nusselt number普朗特数 prandtl number雷诺比拟 Reynolds analogy施密特数 schmidt number斯坦顿数 Stanton number对流 convection自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流 forced convection热对流 heat convection质量传递 mass transfer传质系数 mass transfer coefficient热量传递 heat transfer传热系数 heat transfer coefficient对流传热 convective heat transfer辐射传热 radiative heat transfer动量交换 momentum transfer能量传递 energy transfer传导 conduction热传导 conductive heat transfer热交换 heat exchange临界热通量 critical heat flux浓度 concentration扩散 diffusion扩散性 diffusivity扩散率 diffusivity扩散速度 diffusion velocity分子扩散 molecular diffusion沸腾 boiling蒸发 evaporation气化 gasification凝结 condensation成核 nucleation计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem伯格斯方程 Burgers equation对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equationKDU方程 KDV equation修正微分方程 modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟 numerical simulation大涡模拟 large eddy simulation数值粘性 numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性 nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析 Hirt stability analysis相容条件 consistency conditionCFL条件 Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件 Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件 entropy condition远场边界条件 far field boundary condition流入边界条件 inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件 numerical boundary condition流出边界条件 outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件 von Neumann condition近似因子分解法 approximate factorization method人工压缩 artificial compression人工粘性 artificial viscosity边界元法 boundary element method配置方法 collocation method能量法 energy method有限体积法 finite volume method流体网格法 fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法 flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法 flux vector splitting method伽辽金法 Galerkin method积分方法 integral method标记网格法 marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法 method of characteristics直线法 method of lines矩量法 moment method多重网格法 multi- grid method板块法 panel method质点网格法 particle in cell method, PIC method质点法 particle method预估校正法 predictor-corrector method投影法 projection method准谱法 pseudo-spectral method随机选取法 random choice method激波捕捉法 shock-capturing method激波拟合法 shock-fitting method谱方法 spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法 split coefficient matrix method不定常法 time-dependent method时间分步法 time splitting method变分法 variational method涡方法 vortex method隐格式 implicit scheme显格式 explicit scheme交替方向隐格式 alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式 anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式 compact difference scheme守恒差分格式 conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式 Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式 Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式 exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式 Godunov scheme高分辨率格式 high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式 Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式 leap-frog scheme单调差分格式 monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式 monotonicity preserving difference scheme穆曼-科尔格式 Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式 semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式 total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域 computational domain物理区域 physical domain影响域 domain of influence依赖域 domain of dependence区域分解 domain decomposition维数分解 dimensional split物理解 physical solution弱解 weak solution黎曼解算子 Riemann solver守恒型 conservation form弱守恒型 weak conservation form强守恒型 strong conservation form散度型 divergence form贴体曲线坐标 body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格 [self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成 adaptive grid generation自动网格生成 automatic grid generation数值网格生成 numerical grid generation交错网格 staggered mesh网格雷诺数 cell Reynolds number数植扩散 numerical diffusion数值耗散 numerical dissipation数值色散 numerical dispersion数值通量 numerical flux放大因子 amplification factor放大矩阵 amplification matrix阻尼误差 damping error离散涡 discrete vortex熵通量 entropy flux熵函数 entropy function分步法 fractional step method广义连续统力学 generalized continuum mechanics简单物质 simple material纯力学物质 purely mechanical material微分型物质 material of differential type积分型物质 material of integral type混合物组份 constituents of a mixture非协调理论 incompatibility theory微极理论 micropolar theory决定性原理 principle of determinism等存在原理 principle of equipresence局部作用原理 principle of objectivity客观性原理 principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论 theory of electromagnetic continuum内时理论 endochronic theory非局部理论 nonlocal theory混合物理论 theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量 Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量 acoustic tensor半向同性张量 hemitropic tensor各向同性张量 isotropic tensor应变张量 strain tensor伸缩张量 stretch tensor连续旋错 continuous dislination连续位错 continuous dislocation动量矩平衡 angular momentum balance余本构关系 complementary constitutive relations共旋导数 co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量 anholonomic component爬升效应 climbing effect协调条件 compatibility condition错综度 complexity当时构形 current configuration能量平衡 energy balance变形梯度 deformation gradient有限弹性 finite elasticity熵增 entropy production标架无差异性 frame indifference弹性势 elastic potential熵不等式 entropy inequality极分解 polar decomposition低弹性 hypoelasticity参考构形 reference configuration响应泛函 response functional动量平衡 momentum balance奇异面 singular surface贮能函数 stored-energy function内部约束 internal constraint物理分量 physical components本原元 primitive element普适变形 universal deformation速度梯度 velocity gradient测粘流动 viscometric flow当地导数 local derivative岩石力学 rock mechanics原始岩体应力 virgin rock stress构造应力 tectonic stress三轴压缩试验 three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验 three-axial tensile test三轴试验 triaxial test岩层静态应力 lithostatic stress吕荣 lugeon地压强 geostatic pressure水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度 intrinsic shear strength循环抗剪强度 cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength土力学 soil mechanics孔隙比 void ratio内磨擦角 angle of internal friction休止角 angle of repose孔隙率 porosity围压 ambient pressure渗透系数 coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角 angle of shear resistance渗流力 seepage force表观粘聚力 apparent cohesion粘聚力 cohesion稠度 consistency固结 consolidation主固结 primary consolidation次固结 secondary consolidation固结仪 consolidometer浮升力 uplift扩容 dilatancy有效应力 effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力 active earth pressure被动土压力 passive earth pressure土动力学 soil dynamics应力解除 stress relief次时间效应 secondary time effect贯入阻力 penetration resistance沙土液化 liquefaction of sand泥流 mud flow多相流 multiphase flow马格努斯效应 Magnus effect韦伯数 Weber number环状流 annular flow泡状流 bubble flow层状流 stratified flow平衡流 equilibrium flow二组份流 two-component flow冻结流 frozen flow均质流 homogeneous flow二相流 two-phase flow气-液流 gas-liquid flow气-固流 gas-solid flow液-气流 liquid-gas flow液-固流 liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流 liquid-vapor flow浓相 dense phase稀相 dilute phase连续相 continuous phase离散相 dispersed phase悬浮 suspension气力输运 pneumatic transport气泡形成 bubble formation体密度 bulk density壅塞 choking微滴 droplet挟带 entrainment流型 flow pattern流[态]化 fluidization界面 interface跃动速度 saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学 non-Newtonian fluid mechanics 非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体 power law fluid拟塑性流体 pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体 rheopectic fluid触变流体 thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体 viscoelastic fluid流变测量学 rheometry震凝性 rheopexy体[积]粘性 bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应 Weissenberg effect流变仪 rheometer稀薄气体动力学 rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学 physico-chemical hydrodynamics 空气热化学 aerothermochemistry绝对压强 absolute pressure绝对反应速率 absolute reaction rate绝对温度 absolute temperature吸收系数 absorption coefficient活化分子 activated molecule活化能 activation energy绝热压缩 adiabatic compression绝热膨胀 adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度 adiabatic flame temperature电弧风洞 arc tunnel原子热 atomic heat雾化 atomization自燃 auto-ignition自动氧化 auto-oxidation可用能量 available energy缓冲作用 buffer action松密度 bulk density燃烧率 burning rate燃烧速度 burning velocity接触面 contact surface烧蚀 ablation。
岩体力学
绪论1、岩石与岩体岩石(Rock)是经过地质作用而天然形成的(一种或多种)矿物集合体,地壳的绝大部分都是由岩石构成的。
岩石通常按照其成因可分为三类:岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩。
不同成因类型的岩石的物理力学性质是不同的。
岩体(Rock Mass)是在一定工程范围内的自然地质体,它经历了漫长的自然历史过程,经受了各种地质作用,并在地应力的长期作用下,在其内部保留了各种永久变形的形象和各种各样的地质构造形迹,如假整合、不整合、褶皱、断层、层理、节理、劈理、隐微裂隙等,所以岩体又称为多裂隙岩体。
因此,岩体是受到各种性质的软弱面切割而形成的综合体。
岩体是地质历史的产物。
在长期的成岩及形变过程中形成了它们的结构。
岩体结构包括两个基本要素:结构面和结构体。
结构面就是上述的弱面,即岩体内具有一定方向、延展较大、厚度较小的二维面状地质界面,包括物质的分界面和不连续面。
它是在地质发展历史中。
尤其是地质构造变形过程中形成的。
结构面有级次之分。
被结构面分割形成的地质体,四周均被结构面所包围,这种由不同产状的结构面组合切割而形成的单元块体就称为结构体。
由最低序次结构面分割而形成的结构体也称为岩块。
图0-1 岩石与岩体的关系由于软弱面的存在,岩体的强度要远低于岩石的强度。
对于设置在岩体上或岩体中的各种工程所关心的岩体稳定问题来说,起决定作用的是岩体的强度,而不是岩石强度。
例如,在以往的围岩压力研究中,曾有人错误地认为洞室的稳定是取决于岩石强度与围岩应力之间的矛盾。
但许多工程实践表明,在某些岩石强度高的围岩中,仍然会产生大规模的变形和破坏,分析其原因则是由于围岩的整体强度不够,即由于岩体中存在着弱面而造成强度不足。
由此人们逐渐认识到,影响洞室稳定的矛盾,不是岩石强度与围岩应力之间的矛盾,而是岩体强度与围岩应力之间的矛盾。
所以岩体与岩石(岩块)是既有联系又有区别的两个概念:岩块是组成岩体的基本单元;而岩体则是天然埋藏条件下、由岩块组成的通常包含一种以上弱面的复杂地质体。
1汉英力学名词(1993)
BZ反应||Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction, BZ reactionFPU问题||Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem, FPU problemKBM方法||KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii method KS[动态]熵||Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropyKdV 方程||KdV equationU形管||U-tubeWKB方法||WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method[彻]体力||body force[单]元||element[第二类]拉格朗日方程||Lagrange equation [of the second kind] [叠栅]云纹||moiré fringe; 物理学称“叠栅条纹”。
[叠栅]云纹法||moiré method[抗]剪切角||angle of shear resistance[可]变形体||deformable body[钱]币状裂纹||penny-shape crack[映]象||image[圆]筒||cylinder[圆]柱壳||cylindrical shell[转]轴||shaft[转动]瞬心||instantaneous center [of rotation][转动]瞬轴||instantaneous axis [of rotation][状]态变量||state variable[状]态空间||state space[自]适应网格||[self-]adaptive meshC0连续问题||C0-continuous problemC1连续问题||C1-continuous problemCFL条件||Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, CFL condition HRR场||Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren fieldJ积分||J-integralJ阻力曲线||J-resistance curveKAM定理||Kolgomorov-Arnol'd-Moser theorem, KAM theoremKAM环面||KAM torush收敛||h-convergencep收敛||p-convergenceπ定理||Buckingham theorem, pi theorem阿尔曼西应变||Almansis strain阿尔文波||Alfven wave阿基米德原理||Archimedes principle阿诺德舌[头]||Arnol'd tongue阿佩尔方程||Appel equation阿特伍德机||Atwood machine埃克曼边界层||Ekman boundary layer埃克曼流||Ekman flow埃克曼数||Ekman number埃克特数||Eckert number埃农吸引子||Henon attractor艾里应力函数||Airy stress function鞍点||saddle [point]鞍结分岔||saddle-node bifurcation安定[性]理论||shake-down theory安全寿命||safe life安全系数||safety factor安全裕度||safety margin暗条纹||dark fringe奥尔-索末菲方程||Orr-Sommerfeld equation奥辛流||Oseen flow奥伊洛特模型||Oldroyd model八面体剪应变||octohedral shear strain八面体剪应力||octohedral shear stress八面体剪应力理论||octohedral shear stress theory巴塞特力||Basset force白光散斑法||white-light speckle method摆||pendulum摆振||shimmy板||plate板块法||panel method板元||plate element半导体应变计||semiconductor strain gage半峰宽度||half-peak width半解析法||semi-analytical method半逆解法||semi-inverse method半频进动||half frequency precession半向同性张量||hemitropic tensor半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme薄壁杆||thin-walled bar薄壁梁||thin-walled beam薄壁筒||thin-walled cylinder薄膜比拟||membrane analogy薄翼理论||thin-airfoil theory保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving difference scheme 保守力||conservative force保守系||conservative system爆发||blow up爆高||height of burst爆轰||detonation; 又称“爆震”。
力学,流体力学,固体力学词汇英语翻译
力学,流体力学,固体力学英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving difference scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differential type积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutive relations共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure 被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect 贯入阻力penetration resistance沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics 空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫-穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming。
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岩石力学和国际岩石力学学会的未来摘要:考虑岩石力学和国际岩石力学学会(ISRM)的未来需要对岩石力学在第一个五十年里取得的成就进行评估,并确定一些还主要存在的未解决的问题,指明未来可能采用的技术方法的方向以及岩石力学未来发展的可能性。
这里不久的将来包括当前国际岩石力学学会委员会正在实施的现代化计划和当前技术的发展。
长远的未来需要从可能产生的技术创新及其对岩石力学的影响来预言。
此外,本文对专业学会如ISRM的目的、性质及潜能的演变也进行了简要的讨论。
本文的重点在于支持着岩土工程的岩石力学,其主题包括地质、岩石应力、完整岩块、岩石裂隙、水流、工程活动和数值模拟。
关键字:岩石力学;成就;基本原则;技术未来;联合模拟1、简介:思考岩石力学未来可能被采用的方向对于其主题及其在岩土工程中的应用非常重要。
事实上,这是做这样一个推测的一个合适的时间,因为2012年就是ISRM成立50周年,且2011年将在北京召开ISRM代表大会。
此外,2008年还是ISRM奠基者及第一人主席利奥波德·穆勒的一百年诞辰。
希波克拉底预测未来的方法就是:“考虑过去,解释现在,预知未来。
”所以,在本文就是基于过去已经取得的成就(特别是过去50年),确定一些主要存在的还未的问题。
这就自然地引导我们考虑未来技术发展的可能性及存在问题能否解决。
就ISRM而言,当前实施的现代化在某种程度上能帮我们对ISRM不久的未来进行预测。
然而,对于ISRM的长远未来也需要讨论,因为这包括一些与个人与团队交流以及保存并传播合作知识有关的有趣问题。
2、总结当前岩石力学的认识和能力:岩石力学的知识和能力已经在1995年Elsevier写的“综合岩土工程”里以百科全书的形式通过4407页的概要得到总结。
这五卷包括一下主题:1、基本原则;2、分析和设计方法;3、岩石测试和地点描绘;4、挖掘、支撑及检测;5、地表与地下的案例。
尽管这本概要已经出版了13年,并且岩石力学的很多领域都已取得进步,但是这门艺术的本质是相似的。
3、岩石力学未解决的问题尽管在过去50年里岩石力学和岩土工程已经取得了大量的进步,但还是存在一些突出的问题。
事实上,利奥波德·穆勒成立ISRM的灵感已经在他的1962年5月份的评论里有所表述:“我们不知道岩块的强度,这就是需要一个国际学会的原因。
”。
然而,在很多情况下我们还有关于评估岩块强度的问题!在这一部分,将概述一些岩石力学主要未解决的问题。
这些载于一下专题中:地质、岩石应力、岩块、裂隙、水流和模拟。
在每一个小专题里面用斜体字书写的文段就是关于这些问题在不久的将来被解决的可能性。
3.1、地质地质,特别是构造地质和工程的岩土力学,在表2中得到强调。
在这两种情况中,我们感兴趣的是破译形成当前现状的机制并预测未来将会发生的情况。
事实上,岩石学的精髓就在于预测未来。
我们希望通过预测未来使得岩土工程的设计更恰当。
这个预测是十分必要的。
例如,如果一个隧道要以一定的方向和深度朝特定的方向和深度掘进会发生什么。
因为工程结构要建立在或者包含于岩块中。
对于主体岩石的相关地质情况有一个足够的了解是非常必要的,并且如果没有专业地质建议,工程师要获得准确的数据来模拟和确定与特定的地质情况伴生的危害将受到严重的限制。
例如,许多岩石力学的模拟运用需要对于岩石裂隙的认识,但这又相当难以达到。
照片3—5说明了三种不同类型的裂隙,这些都是在英国南威尔士非常接近中下煤系的地层中观察到的。
不用说,一个熟悉主体岩石的情况的地质师会为处理这些类型的裂隙网络岩石力学模拟和设计者提供明显的帮助。
对于构造地质解译的价值的说明可以在Price and Cosgrove看到。
然而,这篇文章中提到的主要未解决的问题不是没有咨询地质师就是这个地质师并不是与岩石力学研究密切相关的,所以这些建议就只能获得微小的吸取,例如通过标准化形式的场地研究。
这是一个管理问题,但是我们必须解决,一个应该很容易处理的问题。
3.2、岩石应力不像别的形式的工程,地下岩土工程最基本的的工作是从预先压实的岩块中,而不是像别的工程那样从组装的部件中,移取材料拼接在一起的。
这就意味着我们需要评估岩块固有的应力状态,这既是对于上覆压力强度需要的基本考虑,也是数值模拟需要输入的边界条件。
岩石应力的评估是一个我们不得不面对的最难应付的问题。
应力是一个张量度量,它需要六块相互独立的信息,并且岩石应力在不同的尺度上存在很大的不同,主要是通过不同类型岩石的固有的不同类型的裂隙来表现。
岩石力学和采矿科学(V ol.40, Issues 7-8,2003)国际刊物的发行就是致力于岩石应力的评估。
这个专业的刊物包括由ISRM建议的评估岩石应力的4种新方法和17页岩石力学不同方面及其评估运动的辅助性描述。
对于这份17页内容的可以用一句话总结:“岩石应力评估不是一项简单的任务。
”实际的衡量就是一个问题并且应力是多变的。
然而,在应力信息的展现方面,最近的发展已经改善了这种情况。
Lee[3]已经说明:相对于第一个不变应力(所有应力的总和)比相对于深度绘出每一个主要的应力能提供一个更清晰易懂的图片。
图6中表明:主应力相对于深度作图是表现得不那么连贯。
很难有信心明确地指出在一个具体的深度的应力状态。
事实上,我们还可以怀疑这里的衡量不是令人满意的。
但是将其与图7比较,图7是用主应力相对第一个不变应力作图得到的。
显然,这些应力形成一个图案,并且也不会有任何怀疑这里的应力衡量是不适当的。
除了这个更清楚易懂的主应力分布之外,各主应力之间的比例也是明显的。
Lee[3]发现尽管东、西澳大利亚具有不同的地质组成,各主应力之间的比例是相同的,。
Harrison et al.[4]在智利、芬兰和英国的应力数据中发现了类似的应力比例,这说明地壳处于一个有限平衡的状态中。
岩石应力中主要未解决的问题有:要发展出一种快速且可靠的方法来评估在给定地点的岩石应力张量的六个组分,同时要理解不同尺度中的裂隙产生的不同应力状态的变化。
这里的第一个问题是很难应付的,并且不可能很快解决。
第二个问题服从于数值模拟的研究,且能很快得到相应的解决。
3.3、完整岩块因为完整岩块样品的获取和测试都比较简单,所以在岩石力学中这个专题已经得到最详细的研究。
我们现在需要对于完整岩块行为以及不同类型岩石及其力学特征足够的理解。
并且,由于20世纪70年代伺服控制的高速测试机器的出现,样品从开始压实到完全解体的整个力学性能可以被详细地研究。
图8中就是一个大理岩的完整的应变曲线的例子。
通过带有伺服控制的多轴性测试机器的应用,完整岩块的表现就可以在只被想象限制的情形中研究。
不过,还有完整岩块的一些方面需要进一步的研究,特别是与岩块多向性、各向异性以及时控性(随时间变化而变化的性质)有关的。
图9的分析表明:被挖之地外围岩石的潜在破裂的研究既是外围集中岩石应力又是不同方向的岩石强度的研究。
鉴于这个问题,对于岩石强度的认识如各向异性是需要。
这也适用于岩石的多向性和它的时控性。
而且,尽管已经做了大量有关完整岩块力学性能的工作,还是有很多与完整岩块的不连续性、非均一性、各向异性和无弹性的性质有关的问题没有解决。
也许最令人惊奇的遗漏就是在合并三种主应力时一直在用一种错误标准。
尽管岩石应力具有作为一种张量伴随有三种主应力的性质。
最普遍地应用于模拟和实践于完整岩块和岩体的错误标准有Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown准则。
这两个准则都只是包括了主要和次要的主应力,而没有包括中级的主应力。
考虑到要解决这些问题,多相性和多向异性通过测试和数值模拟可以很容易地获取,但是完整岩块随时间变化的性质就很难确定了。
普遍用失败的标准来合并三个主应力将淘汰,因为候选准则已经在相关文献中有建议到。
3.4、裂隙图片3—5已经指出可能出现的不同类型的裂隙,并且强调了一个研究岩石力学的构造地质师的重要性。
事实上,如图10所示,从地质观点来看考虑岩石裂隙的光谱十分有用。
注意在图10下端波段的备注,描绘未变形岩石带有渗透性的变形组构比描绘复杂型式的岩石裂隙要容易得多。
ISRM已经在图11中说明了衡量需要的裂隙的特性。
从钻孔核心还是井壁的电视图像中衡量得到的裂隙特性是不同。
裂隙的间距可以很容易地评估,但是很多其他方面例如连续性不能评估。
在图12中,Follin[5]已经说明在有限的尺度中能获得的裂隙信息。
考虑到岩石的DIANE中的不连续性,描绘裂隙的几何和力学表现的能力对于岩土工程设计模型的输入和完成Leopold Müller最初成立ISRM的雄心,即评估岩块强度都很重要。
因此,发展适当地建立和描绘在特定场地岩石裂隙的几何和力学特性的能力是一个主要与岩石裂隙这个专题有关的未解决问题。
尽管可靠地获取裂隙信息的问题可能看起来比获取可靠的给定岩块的应力信息要简单些。
但还是有一段很长的路要走,因为岩石裂隙的多参数性及其与将裂隙数据的数量减少到能够输入到数值模型的数量的关联的不确定性。
3.5渗透率描述岩石裂隙之后就下来的一个专题就是建立岩块渗透率,它是三个主要组分的另一个张量。
注意图13中的白色箭头说明了图中岩块高度局部的水流性质。
对于相对没有渗透性的完整岩块,水流及其伴生的传导性张量将被裂隙的网络(他们的几何、连通性和开口)和岩石应力状态控制。
严重破裂的岩块中的水不是仅仅存在于一条裂隙中,而是顺着裂隙的一个特定的点存在,指示着裂隙中水流的渠道。
另外,这个水流渠道可以改变,如果有工程活动导致明显的裂隙位移。
在将裂隙几何组建成不相关的裂隙网络以及建立伴生岩块的流动特性方面已经取得相当多的进步。
然而,问题是如何获取关于裂隙特性的有效准确的数据。
这是一个有关岩块渗透性的主要未解决的问题。
这个问题的解决方案也是难以取得的,因为这不仅需要裂隙的几何学数据,还需要水文地质学数据,特别是裂隙的孔缝。
3.6、模拟在岩石力学发展的早期,物理模型在支持岩土工程设计,特别是基于岩块上的堤坝设计中扮演着一个非常重要的角色。
而且,现在这种物理模型还在确定机制和核实数值模型上起着十分有用的作用。
然而,重点已经渐渐地转移到岩块分级方法和电脑数值模拟上来,特别是用不相关元素的方法(Jing and Stephansson[6])。
在数值模拟领域主要未解决的问题产生于要开发出一种能够囊括所有要求的变量、机制和参数的模型,例如与分离的亚学科有关的模型要让步于满足要求所有峰值联合的模型。
可以预料这种模型将包括以下几个方面在其中:1、地质:位置几何、岩性、断裂2、热力:热源、热流3、力学:岩石应力、刚性、强度4、化学:岩石和水化学5、工程:挖掘的影响目前,这些分离的模型都是建立在分离的亚学科之中的,例如力学的和水力的,这些经常需要“缝在一起”,这又不是总能顺利地完成的。