2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析（江南博哥）1 [单选题]A.ab=B.ab=-C.ab=0D.ab=2正确答案：A参考解析：2 [单选题]设函数f(x)可导，且f(x)f’(x)>0，则（）．A.f(1)>f(-1)B.f(1)<f(-1)C.|f(1)|>|f(-1)|D.|f(1)|<|f(-1)|正确答案：C参考解析：3 [单选题]函数f(x，y，z)=x2y+z2在点(1，2，0)处沿向量u=(1，2，2)的方向导数为（）．A.12B.6C.4D.2正确答案：D参考解析：4 [单选题]甲、乙两人赛跑，计时开始时，甲在乙前方10(单位：m)处，如下图所示，实线表示甲的速度曲线v=v1(t)(单位：m／s)，虚线表示乙的速度曲线v=v2(t)，三块阴影部分面积的数值依次为10，20，3，计时开始后乙追上甲的时刻记为t0(单位：S)，则（）．A.t0=10B.15<t0<20C.t0=25D.t0>25正确答案：C参考解析：5 [单选题]设α为n维单位列向量，E为n阶单位矩阵，则（）．A.E-ααT不可逆B.E+ααT不可逆C.E+2ααT不可逆D.E-2ααT不可逆正确答案：A参考解析：A项，由(E-ααT)α=α-α=0得(E-ααT)x=0有非零解，故|E-ααT|=0．即E-ααT不可逆．6 [单选题]A.A与C相似，B与C相似B.A与C相似，B与C不相似C.A与C不相似，B与C相似D.A与C不相似，B与C不相似正确答案：B参考解析：由(λE-A)=0，可知A的特征值为2，2，1．7 [单选题]设A，B为随机事件，若0<P(A)<1，0<P(B)<1，则P(A|B)>P(A|)的充分必要条件是（）．A.P(B|A)>P(B|)B.P(B|A)<P(B|)C.P(|A)>P(B|)D.P(|A)<P(B|)正确答案：A参考解析：8 [单选题]设X1，X2，…，X n(n≥2)为来自总体N(μ，1)的简单随机样本，记，则下列结论中不正确的是（）．A.B.C.D.正确答案：B参考解析：9 [填空题]参考解析：【解析】10 [填空题]微分方程y”+2y'+3y=0的通解为y=______.参考解析：【解析】11 [填空题]内与路径无关，则a=______.参考解析：-1【解析】12 [填空题]______.参考解析：【解析】13 [填空题]为线性无关的三维列向量组，则向量组Aα1，Aα2，Aα3的秩为______.参考解析：2【解析】由α1，α2，α3线性无关可知矩阵(α1，α2，α3)可逆，故r(Aα1，Aα2，Aα3)=r(A(α1，α2，α3))=r(A)，再由r(A)=2得r(Aα1，Aα2，Aα3)=2．14 [填空题]设随机变量X的分布函数为，其中(x)为标准正态分布函数，则E(X)=______.参考解析：2【解析】15 [简答题]参考解析：16 [简答题]参考解析：17 [简答题]已知函数y(x)由方程x3+y3—3x+3y-2=0所确定，求y(x)的极值．参考解析：解：两边求导得18 [简答题](I)方程f(x)=0在区间(0，1)内至少存在一个实根；(Ⅱ)方程f(x)f”(x)+[f’(x)]2=0在区间(0，1)内至少存在两个不同的实根．参考解析：证明：(I)又由于f(x)在[δ，1]上连续，由f(δ)<0,f(1)>0，根据零点定理得至少存在一点ξ∈(δ，1)，使f(ξ)=0，即得证．19 [简答题]设薄片形物体S是圆锥面被柱面z2=2x割下的有限部分，其上任一点的密度为u(x，y，z)=9，记圆锥面与柱面的交线为C．(I)求C在xOy面上的投影曲线的方程；(Ⅱ)求S的质量M．参考解析：(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)20 [简答题]设三阶矩阵A=(α1，α2，α3)有3个不同的特征值，且α3=α1+2α2．(I)证明：r(A)=2；(11)如果β=α1+α2+α3，求方程组Ax=β的通解．参考解析：解：(I)由α3=α1+2α2可得α1+2α2-α3=0，即α1，α2，α3线性相关，因此，|A|=0，即A的特征值必有0．又因为A有三个不同的特征值，则三个特征值中只有1个0，另外两个非0，21 [简答题]设二次型f(x1，x2，x3)=在正交变换x=Qy下的标准形为，求a的值及一个正交矩阵Q．参考解析：22 [简答题]设随机变量X，Y相互独立，且X的概率分布为P{X=0}=P{X=2}=，Y的概率密度为(I)求P{Y≤E(Y)}；(II)求Z=X+Y的概率密度．参考解析：某工程师为了解一台天平的精度，用该天平对一物体的质量做n次测量，该物体的质量μ是已知的，设n次测量结果X1，X2，…，X n相互独立且均服从正态分布N(μ，σ2)，该工程师记录的是n次测量的绝对误差Z i=|X i-μ|(i=1，2，…，n)，利用Z1，Z2，…，Z n估计σ．(I)求Z i的概率密度；(Ⅱ)利用一阶矩求σ的矩估计量；(Ⅲ)求σ的最大似然估计量．参考解析：。
2017年全国研究生入学考试考研数学(一)真题及答案解析
一点的密度为 9 x2 y2 z2 ，记圆锥面与柱面的交线为 C 。
（I）求 C 在 xOy 面上的投影曲线的方程；
3
（9）已知函数
f
(x)
1 1 x2
，则
f
(3) (0)
_______。
【答案】 0
【解析】
因为
f
(
x)
1
1 x2
1 x2
x4
x6
n
( x2 )
n0
n
(1) x2n
n0
n
f (x) (1) 2n(2n 1)(2n 2)x 2n3
n0
将 x 0 带入 f (0) 0
（10）微分方程 y 2 y 3y 0 的通解为 y _______。
程或演算步骤.
(15)(本题满分 10 分)设函数
f (u, v) 具有 2 阶连续偏导数，y
f (ex , cos x) ，求 dy dx
d2y
x0
，
dx2
x0 。
【解析】由复合函数求导法则，可得：
dy dx
f1ex
f2(sin x)
dy 故 dx
x0
f1(1,1)
进一步地：
5
d2y dx2
ex
[V2
(t
)
V1
(t
)]dt
，由定积分的几何意义可知，
25
0 [V2
(t)
V1 (t )]dt
20
10
10
，可知
t0
25
，故选（C）。
（5）设 是 n 维单位列向量， E 为 n 阶单位矩阵，则
（A） E T 不可逆
（B） E T 不可逆
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语真题及答案解析
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling thatothers are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2. [A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3. [A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4. [A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5. [A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving6. [A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7. [A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8. [A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9. [A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10. [A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11. [A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12. [A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13. [A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14. [A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared15. [A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name of [B] in the form of [C] in the face of [D] in the way of17.[A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return18.[A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until19.[A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases20.[A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragicreminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons —both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time foreveryone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited”(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to____[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is____[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck –a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn ofcivilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates____[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to____[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because____[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy____[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of____[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then why did over17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of criteria from health, educationand civil society engagement have been measured to get a morerounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_____[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that____[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that____[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best??for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simplyarranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society –that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that thecourt____[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves____[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are__[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to___[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is____[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in TheEvening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the sametime, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study issignificant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.Section III WritingPart A51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2017考研英语一真题答案及其解析1. A 介词辨析。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三真题及答案解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三真题及答案解析一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，满分32分）（1）若函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤>-=0,,0,cos 1)(x b x axxx f 在0=x 处连续，则（ ） )(A 21=ab 。
)(B 21-=ab 。
)(C 0=ab 。
D (2=ab 。
【答案】)(A【解】aax x f x 21cos 1lim)00(0=-=++→，b f f =-=)00()0(，因为)(x f 在0=x 处连续，所以)00()0()00(-==+f f f ，从而21=ab ，应选)(A 。
（2）二原函数)3(y x xy z--=的极值点为（ ）)(A )0,0(。
)(B )3,0(。
)(C )0,3(。
)(D )1,1(。
【答案】)(D【解】由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=--='=--='023,02322x xy x z y xy y z yx 得⎩⎨⎧==0,0y x ⎩⎨⎧==1,1y x ⎩⎨⎧==3,0y x ⎩⎨⎧==0,3y x y z xx 2-=''，y x z xy 223--=''，x z yy 2-=''，当)0,0(),(=y x 时，092<-=-B AC ，则)0,0(不是极值点；当)1,1(),(=y x 时，032>=-B AC 且02<-=A ，则)1,1(为极大点，应选)(D 。
（3）设函数)(x f 可导，且0)()(>'⋅x f x f ，则（ ）)(A )1()1(->f f 。
)(B )1()1(-<f f 。
)(C |)1(||)1(|->f f 。
)(D |)1(||)1(|-<f f 。
【答案】)(C 【解】若0)(>x f ，则0)(>'x f ，从而0)1()1(>->f f ；若0)(<x f ，则0)(<'x f ，从而0)1()1(<-<f f ，故|)1(||)1(|->f f ，应选)(C 。
首都师范大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目
《课程研究》
教育科学出版社（最新版）
《西方哲学史：从苏格拉底到 后浪
萨特及其后》
《简明语言哲学教程》
中国人民大学出版社
施良方
塞缪尔·E.斯塔姆、 詹姆斯·费舍尔
陈嘉映
912 西方哲学
《西方哲学史》
商务
罗素
912 西方哲学
科目代码及名称 718 政治学原理 754 马克思主义基本原理
《新编现代西方哲学》
001 政法学院
参考书
出版社
作者
《马克思主义哲学原理》
中国人民大学出版社
肖前、黄楠森等
《法理学》（第四版）
北京大学出版社、高等教育出版社，2011 张文显
年出版
《中国宪法》（第四版）
中国人民大学出版社，2010 版
许崇德
《行政法与行政诉讼法》（第 中国法制出版社 2010 年版
四版）
马怀德
《政治学基础》第 2 版
《历史学科教育学》
《地理教学论》 《西方音乐通史》
首都师范大学出版社
上海教育出版社，1999 年版 上海音乐出版社
于友西、叶小兵、 赵 亚夫著 陈澄 于润洋
《中国音乐通史简编》
山东教育出版社
孙继楠、周柱栓
《美术教育学新编》 《义务教育美术课程标准 （2011 年版）》
高等教育出版社，1990 年版 北京师范大学出版社，2011 年版
王力
《现代汉语》 《立体化古代汉语教程》
《文学理论基本问题》
高等教育出版社，版本不限 高等教育出版社，2004 年版
北京大学出版社，2012 年修订版
黄伯荣、廖序东 洪波
陶东风
《文学批评方法与案例》
北京大学出版社，2006 年版
历史学(中国史)考研必看书目
一、建议必买。
（教材除外）（最好全买，尤其是参考教辅，有电子档也可，但最好买纸质的）1、长孙博系列：2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试：历史学基础名词解释；2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试：历史学基础论述题；2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试历史学基础名校真题解析。
2、范无聊：2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学统考+自主命题论述题高分解析（目前还未出版）3、荣新江：《学术训练与学术规范：中国古代史研究入门》，北京大学出版社，2011年。
4、桑兵：治学的门径与取法5、罗志田：胡适传；权势转移6、张昭君，孙燕京：中国近代文化史7、蒋廷黻：中国近代史8、陈旭麓：近代中国社会的新陈代谢9、陈恭禄：中国近代史或中国近百年史亦可。
10、沈艾绨：《梦醒子》11、茅海建：天朝的崩溃12、柯文：《历史三调：作为事件、经历和神话的义和团》13、李文杰：《中国近代外交官群体的形成（1861-1911）》，，三联书店14、张仲民：《种瓜得豆：清末民初的阅读文化与接受政治》，社会科学文献出版社，2016年。
二、建议选买（只需选购部分即可）1、长孙博系列：2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试历史学基础真题模拟30套；2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试历史学基础中国史大纲解析2、仝晰纲：2017年全国硕士研究生入学统考必备历史学辅导全书3、严耕望：《治史三书》，上海人民出版社，2011年4、王奇生：《党员，党权与党争》5、王健：中国史理论前沿6、王汎森：权力的毛细管作用: 清代的思想、学术与心态；近代中国的史家与史学；执拗的低音7、郭廷以：中国近代史8、钱穆：中国史学名著9、柴德庚：史籍举要10、阎步克：波峰与波谷: 秦汉魏晋南北朝的政治文明；士大夫政治演生史稿11、罗志田：经典淡出之后: 20世纪中国史学的转变与延续；乱世潜流: 民族主义与民国政治；道出于二: 过渡时代的新旧之争12、罗新：黑毡上的北魏皇帝13、葛兆光：宅兹中国: 重建有关“中国”的历史论述14、杨奎松：西安事变新探15、梁启超：中国近三百年学术史16、陆扬：清流文化与唐帝国17、孔飞力：叫魂：1768年中国妖术大恐慌；中国现代国家的起源；18、魏斐德：大门口的陌生人: 1839-1861年间华南的社会动乱19、杨奎松：西安事变新探20、李剑农：《中国近百年政治史》，商务印书馆，2016年。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案详解
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对（完整版）万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。
上文改写俗语，大意为拥抱可以使医生远离我们，即不得病，为积极含义，空后大意为：_______使你感觉与别人亲近并_______，所以也是积极含义，并同为拥抱的好处，因此选择B选项besides除了……之外还有……，A选项unlike不同于与D选项despite尽管均为转接，故排除，C选项throughout贯穿语义不通顺，故答案为[B] Besides。
2、【答案】[C] connected【解析】此处考察近义词复现，该空前有and，说明所填词汇英语close（亲近的）形成同义复现关系，并且所选词汇应搭配介词同，因此答案为C选项connected有关联的。
A选项equal平等的，B选项restricted限制的，C选项inferior低劣的，虽然都可以搭配to，但不能和close同义复现，故答案为[C] connected。
3、【答案】[A] host【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该从句含义为：拥抱可以给你的身心健康带来_____好处。
A host of为固定搭配，表示许多的，大量的，在此处语义和搭配均吻合，所以为正确答案。
View观点，视野，lesson教训，choice选择放在此处语义不通。
4、【答案】[C] avoid【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你______生病。
根据语义，不难确定此处需要“避免”“防止”的词，并且后面搭配动名词，故答案为C选项avoid避免。
Recall使回想，召集，forget忘记，keep (doing)一直做，均不吻合句义。
【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
该句含义为：在一项______四百多健康成年人的研究中，研究者观察到……Collecting收集，一般不接人做宾语；affecting影响，guiding引导，均不符合科学研究类文章语境。
2017年长江大学342农业知识综合四考研大纲硕士研究生入学考试大纲
2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试
农业知识综合四科目考试大纲
一、考查目标
发展经济学及区域经济发展科目考试涵盖发展经济学、区域经济学等学科专业基础课程。
要求考生比较系统的掌握上述专业基础课程的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法的基础上，能够运用所学的基本原理和基本方法分析、判断和解决有关发展中国家经济发展及区域经济发展的相关现实问题。
二、考试形式和试卷结构
1、试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷满分150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试
3、试卷内容结构
发展经济学 75分
区域经济学 75分
4、试卷题型结构
单项选择题 40分（20小题，每小题2分）
名词解释题 20分（4小题，每小题5分）
辨析题 20分（2小题，每小题10分）
简答题 30分（3小题，每小题10分）
论述题 40分（2小题，每小题20分）
三、考查范围
（一）发展经济学
1、发展中国家的基本特征及经济发展的主要理论
①发展中国家的共同特征
②发展经济学的发展沿革及主要理论
②-1 20世纪 50、60年代发展经济学及结构主义理论。
南京邮电大学2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告
南京邮电大学2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告根据《2017年全国硕士研究生招生工作管理规定》，现将2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试有关事项公告如下：一、初试时间2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试时间为：2016年12月24日至12月25日（每天上午8:30-11:30，下午14:00-17:00）。
超过3小时的考试科目在12月26日进行（起始时间8:30，截止时间由招生单位确定，不超过14:30）。
考试时间以北京时间为准。
不在规定日期举行的硕士研究生入学考试，国家一律不予承认。
二、初试科目初试方式均为笔试。
12月24日上午思想政治理论、管理类联考综合能力12月24日下午外国语12月25日上午业务课一12月25日下午业务课二12月26日考试时间超过3小时的考试科目每科考试时间一般为3小时；建筑设计等特殊科目考试时间最长不超过6小时。
详细考试时间、考试科目及有关要求等请见《准考证》及考点和招生单位公告。
三、报名要求硕士研究生招生考试报名包括网上报名和现场确认两个阶段。
所有参加硕士研究生招生考试的考生均须进行网上报名，并到报考点现场确认网报信息、缴费和采集本人图像等相关电子信息。
应届本科毕业生原则上应选择就读学校所在省（区、市）的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续；单独考试考生应选择招生单位所在地省级教育招生考试机构指定的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续；工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理和工程管理等专业学位考生和其他考生应选择工作或户口所在地省级教育招生考试机构指定的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续。
网上报名技术服务工作由全国高等学校学生信息咨询与就业指导中心负责。
现场确认由省级教育招生考试机构负责组织相关报考点进行。
四、网上报名（一）网上报名时间2016年10月10日至10月31日，每天9:00-22:00。
逾期不再补报，也不得再修改报名信息。
（二）网上预报名时间2016年9月24日至9月27日，每天9:00-22:00。
2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试考试大纲 .doc
2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试考试大纲科目代码：813科目名称：软件工程适用专业：计算机科学与技术，软件工程参考书目：[1]张海藩,软件工程导论（第六版），清华大学出版社，2013年[2]齐治昌、谭庆平、宁洪，软件工程(第三版)，高等教育出版社，2012年[3]（美）沙赫著邓迎春等译，软件工程：面向对象和传统的方法（第八版），机械工业出版社，2012年考试时间：3小时考试方式：笔试总分：150分考试范围：一、软件工程学概述：软件工程概念、软件危机、软件工程基本原理、软件生存周期，各种软件开发模型以及其优缺点。
二、可行性研究：可行性研究的任务和步骤，系统流程图和数据流图，数据字典。
三、需求分析：需求分析的任务，需求分析的方法，E-R图、状态转换图，层次方框图、Warnier图和IPO图的应用，验证软件需求的方法。
五、总体设计：总体设计的过程，软件设计原则，启发式规则，层次图、HIPO图和结构图的应用，面向数据流的设计方法。
六、详细设计：结构程序设计、人机界面设计的方法，程序流程图、盒图、PAD图、判定表、判定树的应用，Jackson图，程序复杂程度的定量度量。
七、实现：常见的程序设计语言的选择，编码风格。
软件测试定义和目的，黑盒测试和白盒测试，软件测试的步骤，单元测试、集成测试和验收测试的方法，测试用例的设计，调试技术和策略，软件可靠性的概念。
八、维护：软件维护的概念和特点，软件维护的过程，软件维护过程中所需采用的主要技术，软件可维护的属性，软件再工程。
九、面向对象的方法学概要面向对象方法的基本概念和特征，面向对象建模的方法。
对象建模、动态建模、功能建模。
十、面向对象分析、设计和实现面向对象分析的方法，面向对象设计的基本概念与基本方法，软件重用，基于UML的需求分析、设计。
面向对象的测试方法。
十一、软件项目管理软件项目管理的主要任务，软件度量的基本概念，项目估算、软件质量度量、软件可靠性度量的意义。
广东海洋大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《农业综合知识四》342试卷(含答案和注释)
广东海洋大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《农业知识综合四》(342)试卷（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。
本科目满分150分）一、填空题(每空1分，共20分)1、农业多功能性是指农业除了具有提供（食物）和纤维等多种商品的功能外，同时还具有其它经济、社会和环境等方面的（非商品）产出功能，这些功能所产生的有形结果和无形结果的价值无法通过市场交易和产品价格来体现。
农经p62、农产品（供给）是指农产品生产经营者在一定时间内、在一定价格条件下愿意并可能出售的某种商品农产品的（数量）。
农经3、土地产权是指由土地制度界定的关于土地这一财产的一切（权利）的总和。
包括土地（所有权）、占有权、使用权、处置权、收益权等。
农经p1304、乡城人口迁移的（动机）决定于城乡预期收入的差异，差异越大，流入（城市）的人口就越多；距离越短，流入的量就越大。
农经p1535、农业家庭经营是指以农民家庭为相对（独立）的生产经营单位，以家庭（劳动力）为主所从事的农业生产经营活动，因此又称其为农户或家庭农场。
农经p1996、不同的农业产业化经营组织形式，其形成与否主要看内部组织费用和市场交易费用的（比较）。
如果组织费用低于交易费用，那么（纵向）一体化组织就会得以产生和发展；反之，如果组织费用高于交易费用，那么一体化组织就会萎缩解体或难以产生与发展。
农经p2347、危害分析与关键控制点是鉴别、评价和控制对（）安全有重要危害的一种（）性管理制度。
8、在种植业中，粮食生产为畜牧业服务的趋势正日趋明显；经济作物、水果、疏菜、饮料作物在种植业中的比重日益（增大），观赏植物，花卉盆景等生产部门的发展速度也在（加快）。
9、技术进步是农业可持续发展的源泉，但它只是必要条件而（非充分）条件。
要使技术得到广泛有效的利用，并使技术本身的进步得到充分的激励，还必须进行产权、政策等制度方面的（创新）。
农经p29510、（中国生态）农业是从系统的思想出发，按照生态学原理、经济学原理和生态经济学原理，运用现代科学技术成果和现代管理手段以及传统农业的有效经验建立起来，以期获得较高的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的现代化的农业发展（模式）。
江西农业大学2017年硕士研究生本校自命题科目入学考试试题-338生物化学2017
江西农业大学2017年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(机密) 考试科目代码 338 考试科目名称生物化学（A卷）注意事项：答案一律在答题纸上填写，答在草稿纸或试卷上一律无效。
一、选择题（30分，每题2分）1．下列氨基酸中，属于酸性氨基酸是的：( )A．Asp B．Arg C．Leu D．Lys2．以下关于组蛋白的描述中，不正确的是：( )A．属于简单蛋白B．一般存在于真核生物细胞核中C．不溶于水和稀酸D．可与酸性物质如核酸等相结合3．以下哪种维生素又被称为遍多酸：( )A．V B2B．V B3C．V C D．V K4．若已知酶1和酶2是同工酶，则可知它们：( )A．具有相同的K m B．具有相同的pIC．能催化相似的化学反应D．具有相同的分子结构5．以下酶中，不能直接起催化作用的是：( )A．23s RNA B．胃蛋白酶C．胰蛋白酶D．胃蛋白酶原6．纯DNA样本的OD260/OD280比值为：( )A．1.5 B．1.8 C．2.0 D．2.57．以下呼吸链成员中，唯一不属于蛋白质的是：( )A．Cyt a B．Cyt b C．Cyt c D．CoQ8．TCA循环中间产物中，可以直接用于合成叶绿素的是：( )A．柠檬酸B．异柠檬酸C．琥珀酰CoA D．草酰乙酸9．tRNA的二级结构具有四臂四环，以下说法不正确的是：( )A．可形成三叶草形B．反密码子环与mRNA密码子互补识别C．氨基酸臂携带活化氨基酸D．可依据假尿嘧啶环差异对其进行分类10．RNA聚合酶中，负责与DNA模板结合的亚基是：( ) A．αB．βC．β’D．σ11．一分子甘油在体内彻底氧化分解最多可以释放几个ATP：( ) A．16.5 B．18.5 C．30 D．3212．转录后无需加工，可直接进行翻译的是：( )A．真核生物mRNA B．原核生物mRNAC．真核生物tRNA D．原核生物tRNA13．以下修复方式中，倾向错误的修复方式为：( )A．SOS修复B．切除修复C．重组修复D．光复活修复14．嘧啶核苷酸从头合成途径中，次黄嘌呤核苷酸的缩写为：( ) A．AMP B．CAP C．IMP D．PLP15．合成长度为10个氨基酸残基的蛋白质需要消耗多少个ATP：( ) A．9 B．19 C．29 D．39二、名词解释（50分，每题5分）1．生物化学2．诱导酶3．结构域4．磷氧比5．糖异生6．酮体7．增色效应8．逆转录9．启动子10．生物固氮三、简答题（40分，每题10分）1．简述蛋白质α螺旋结构的特点。
暨南大学827管理运筹学(含答案)
2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题******************************************************************************************** 学科与专业名称：管理科学与工程考试科目代码与名称：827，管理学、运筹学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
第一部分：管理学部分一、单项选择题（5题×3分，共15分）1.控制的最高境界是（A），它能够在事故发生之前就采取有效的预防措施，以防患于未然。
A.前馈控制B.现场控制C.即时控制D.反馈控制解释：前馈控制指通过观察情况、收集整理信息、掌握规律、预测趋势，正确预计未来可能出现的问题，提前采取措施，将可能发生的偏差消除在萌芽状态中，为避免在未来不同发展阶段可能出现的问题而事先采取的措施。
2.甲公司生产某种产品的固定成本是30万元,除去固定成本外,该产品每单位成本为4元,市场价格为10元,若要实现盈亏平衡,该产品的产量应该为（C）。
A.30,000件B.40,000件C.50,000件D.60,000件解释：要实现盈亏平衡，换句话说就是要让盈利的部分正好和固定成本相等（或理解为抵消掉），而每件产品可以挣10-4=6元，所以用30万除以6，等于5万件。
3.下述哪项活动和领导职能无关？（ B ）。
A.向下属传达自己对销售工作目标的认识B.与某用户谈判以期达成一项长期销售计划C.召集各地分公司经理探讨和协调销售计划的落实情况D.召集公司有关部门的职能人员开联谊会，鼓励他们克服难关解释：领导职能是去激励人们产生高绩效。
4、“运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外”，这里的“运筹帷幄”反映了管理的哪一个职能？（ A ）。
A．计划职能 B．组织职能 C．领导职能 D．控制职能解释：运筹帷幄即运筹于帷幄。
运即运转，运用；筹即计谋、谋划；帷幄指古代军中帐幕。
考研ab类考生怎么区分
二区包括：内蒙古、广西、海南、贵州、云南、西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
近五年全国考研报名人数迅速增长。2017年研究生报考人数首破200万人大关，达到201万。 2021年研究生报考人数达到377万。
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试于12月25日至27日举行，全国报考人数为457万；10月10日至31 日，考生可登录“全国硕士研究生招生考试上报名平台”进行上正式报名，报名时间为每天 9:00—22:00。
考研ab类考生怎么区分？
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试，是指2017年度的全国硕士研究生统一招生考试，报名参加 2017年硕士研究生入学考试的人员，须参加全国硕士研究生入学考试——初试。初试科目分为政 治理论、外国语、统考数学和业务课，考试时间均为3小时。
2017年全国硕士研究生招生调剂服务系统自2017年3月17日至4月30日开通。
全国硕士研究生统一招生考试（Unified National Graduate Entrance Examination，简称 “考研”或“统考”）是指教育主管部门和招生机构为选拔研究生而组织的相关考试的总称，由 国家考试主管部门和招生单位组织的初试和复试组成。是一项选拔性考试，所录取学历类型为普 通高等教育。
考研中，地区被分为AB区，这个评判标准就是按地区经济发展来划分的。
AB类考生是按考生所报考的地区来划分的，而不是按照你所在的地区进行划分的。比如您在B区， 但是要考A区的学校，所以你就是A区的学生。
同样，如果你是在A区，打算考B区的学校，那么你就是B区的考生。这里AB区考区划分的标准和 AB区考生划分的标准不太一样。希望这篇经验可以帮到你，希望你的问题早日得到解答。
考研国家线是教育部依据硕士生培养目标，结合年度招生计划、生源情况及总体初试成绩情况， 确定报考统考、MBA及法律硕士专业学位考生进入复试的基本要求标准，其中包括应试科目总分 要求和单科分数要求。应届本科毕业生和非应届毕业生实行统一的进入复试基本分数要求。
华中农业大学 2017硕士研究生入学考试真题 342 农业知识综合四(经管)
课程代码及名称：342农业知识综合四之发展经济学一、名词解释（共20分，每题4分）1、贫困恶性循环（The Vicious Circle of Poverty）2、大推进理论（Big Push Theory）3、人口过渡理论（The Theory of Demograrphic Transition）4、无限劳动力供给（Unlimited Supplies of Labor）5、进口替代（Import Substitution）二、简答题（共18分，每题6分）1、简要说明什么是起飞（take off）？需要什么条件？2、简要说明经济增长和经济发展之间的区别和联系。
3、简要说明平均增长和不平均增长之间的联系。
三、论述题（12分）试根据环境库兹涅茨曲线、贫困与环境的恶性循环等理论，论述贫困与发展中国家的环境问题。
课程代码及名称：342农业知识综合四之农业经济学一、名词解释（共10分，每题2分）1、有机农业2、地租3、农业剩余劳动力4、正规金融5、资源节约型技术二、简答题（共24分，每题6分）1、简述合作经济的基本原则。
2、简述农业技术效益评价的主要内容。
3、简述农产品期货市场的功能。
4、简述市场经济条件下，农业宏观调控的基本目标。
三、论述题（16分）结合实际，谈谈你对构建现代农业产业体系重要意义的认识。
课程代码及名称：342农业知识综合四之管理学一、名词解释（共12分，每题3分）1、管理2、分权3、组织文化4、领导二、单项选择题（共8分，每题2分）1、属于激励过程理论的是（）A、需要层次理论B、双因素理论C、公平理论D、成就需要理论2、地位差别是有效沟通障碍中的（）A、个人因素B、结构因素C、人际因素D、技术因素3、下列工作中不属于控制过程的是（）A、弹性控制B、纠正措施C、确立标准D、衡量成效4、（）是定量决策方法。
A、德尔菲技术B、政策指导矩阵C、头脑风暴法D、最大最小后悔值法三、简答题（共18分，每题6分）1、决策的影响因素有哪些？2、简述计划的性质。
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题与解析答案
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 【答案】B 【解析】答案为 B。根据句义“common cold after being______(7)to the virus.”， 可知选项 B：暴露在细菌中，符合文意。
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 【答案】C 【解析】答案为 C。本题为固定搭配。结合语境，选项 C：得感冒，搭配最为合 理。
2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类联考综合真题及答案详解
方体的最少个数为（
）.
A．3
B．6
C．24
D．96
E．648
14.在 1 到 100 之间，能被 9 整除的整数的平均值是（
A．27
B．36
C．45
）. D．54
E．63
15.将 6 人分成 3 组，每组 2 人，则不同的分组方式有（
A．12 种
B．15 种
C．30 种
）. D．45 种
E．90 种
17. 圆 x2 y2 ax by c 0 与 x 轴相切，则能确定 c 的值. （1）已知 a 的值. （2）已知 b 的值.
18. 某人从 A 地出发，先乘时速为 220 千米的动车，后转乘时速为 100 千米的汽车到达 B 地. 则 A,B 两地的距离为 960 千米.
（1）乘动车的时间和乘汽车的时间相等. （2）乘动车的时间与乘汽车的时间之和为 6 小时.
种车和 3 辆丙种车满载量为 150 吨.则用甲、乙、丙各 1 辆车一次最多运送货物（ ）.
A．125 吨
B．120 吨
C．115 吨
D．110 吨
E．105 吨
6.某试卷由 15 道选择题组成，每道题有 4 个选项，只有 1 项是符合试题要求的.甲有 6 道题能 确定正确选项，有 5 道题能排除 2 个错误选项，有 4 道题能排除 1 个错误选项.若从每题排除
（２）已知水深及铁球与水面交线的周长．
22.设 a,b 是两个不相等的实数.则函数 f (x) x2 2ax b 的最小值小于零.
（1）1, a,b 成等差数列. （2）1, a,b 成等比数列.
习过英语，且同时复习了数学和语文的有 10 人、同时复习语文和英语的有 2 人、同时复习英
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试思想政治理论试题和答案
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试思想政治理论试题一、单项选择题：1~16小题，每小题1分，共16分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.某地区进入供暖季后常常出现雾霾，而一旦出现大风天气或等到春暖花开后，雾霾就会散去或减少。
从该地区较长时间的数据变化看，经过人们努力治霾，污染物排放总量在持续走低;但在某些时段，环境空气质量污染指数会迅速攀升，甚至“爆表”。
这种看似“矛盾”的现象凸显了大气污染防治的一个特点：天帮忙很重要，但人努力才是根本。
“人努力”与“天帮忙”之间的对我们正确处理主观能动性和客观规律性之间辩证关系的启示是(D)A.尚未认识的外在自然规律对人的实践活动起着至关重要的作用B.人类有意识的思想活动是掌握客观规律的根本前提C.认识活动是客观规律性与主观能动性相统一的基础D.尊重事物的客观规律是正确发挥主观能动性的前提2.有人认为，既然人的意识是对客观外部世界的反映，那么人脑里的“鬼”、“神”意识就是对外在世界上鬼、神真实存在的反映。
这种观念的错误在于(C)A.混淆了人类意识自然演化的阶段B.把意识看成是物质的产物C.认为意识是对存在的直观反映D.夸大了意识的能动作用3.某企业投资汽车生产，生产一辆汽车所耗费的生产资料价值为15万元。
支付给工人的工资为5万元，假定市场的平均利润率为10%，那么，在自由竞争条件下，该汽车的生产价格是(A)A.22万元B.20.5万元C.21.5万元D.20万元4.从历史发展的角度看，美术班不亦乐乎理疗科乌烟瘴气民有制是不断演进和变化的，当今资本主义社会居主导地位的资本所有制形式是(B)A.垄断资本私人所有制B.法人资本所有制C.私人股份资本所有制D.私人资本所有制5.从中华人民共和国成立到社会主义改造基本完成，是我国从新民主主义到社会主义的过渡时期，这一时期，个体经济向社会主义集体经济过渡的形式是(C)A.国家资本主义经济B.私人资本主义经济C.合作社经济D.国营经济6.2016年是“十三五”规划开局之年，也是推进供给侧结构性改革的攻坚之年，推进供给侧结构性改革是适应我国经济发展新常态的重大改革，其根本目的是(B)A.推进“去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板”B.提高供给质量满足需要C.深化价格、财税、金融、社保等领域基础性改革D.加快政府职能转变7.协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，是党的十八大以来党中央从实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的战略高度，统敌国内国际两个大局，把握我国发展新征确定的治国理政新方略。
2017年全国硕士研究生考试考研历史真题与答案
2017年全国硕士研究生历史入学统一考试真题与答案一、单项选择题：1~20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
1.主要分布于黄河上游地区的新石器文化是()。
A.仰韶文化B.龙山文化C.马家窑文化D.河姆渡文化2.西汉与匈奴的“和亲”始于()。
A.汉高祖B.汉文帝C.汉武帝D.汉元帝3.魏晋时期玄学盛行，玄学家研究的三个重要文本被称为“三玄”，它们是()。
A.《周礼》《诗经》《论语》B.《大学》《中庸》《论语》C.《论语》《孟子》《孝经》D.《老子》《庄子》《周易》4.东林书院著名楹联“风声雨声读书声，声声人耳；家事国事天下事，事事关心”的作者是()。
A.李贽B.王守仁C.顾炎武D.顾宪成5.明清之际兴起了一批手工业发达、商业繁盛的市镇，其中号称“天下四大镇”是()。
A.佛山镇、景德镇、汉口镇、朱仙镇B.佛山镇、景德镇、汉口镇、盛泽镇C.佛山镇、景德镇、盛泽镇、朱仙镇D.景德镇、汉口镇、朱仙镇、盛泽镇6.普遍装备洋枪洋炮的清朝军队开始出现在()。
A.第一次鸦片战争期间B.太平天国战争期间C.中法战争期间D.甲午中日战争期间7.下列文献中，首先提出了建立“中华共和国”的是()。
A.《兴中会宣言》B.《警世钟》C.《革命军》D.《中国同盟会革命方略》8.袁世凯之后，依次继任中华民国大总统的是()。
A.黎元洪、冯国璋、段棋瑞、徐世昌、曹锟B.段棋瑞、黎元洪、冯国璋、曹锟、徐世昌C.黎元洪、冯国璋、黎元洪、曹锟、徐世昌D.黎元洪、冯国璋、徐世昌、黎元洪、曹锟9.20世纪20年代，中国共产党正式确立国共合作的方针是在()。
A.中共一大B.中共二大C.中共三大D.中共四大10.20世纪60年代开始，中国进行以战备为中心的“三线建设”，下列属于“大三线”的省区是()。
A.四川、贵州、云南B.湖北、吉林、云南C.山东、贵州、福建D.四川、江西、贵州11.古埃及新王国时期，曾率军在麦吉多与卡迭什为首的联军会战的是()。
A.图特摩斯一世B.图特摩斯三世C.雅赫摩斯D.拉美西斯二世12.世界历史上已知最早的法典是()。
2017年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2017年考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard da y’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty【答案】[A] inequality3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless【答案】[B] Indeed7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside【答案】[C] worry about11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 【答案】[C] necessarily12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles【答案】[B] downsides13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce【答案】[D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats【答案】[A] demands18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2。
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2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试
数据结构科目考试大纲
一、考查目标
数据结构是计算机各专业的专业基础课。
它是操作系统、数据库、编译原理等所有软件专业基础课和专业课的重要基础;它还是进行程序设计，尤其是进行高水平的应用程序和系统程序必不可少的基础。
要求考生比较系统地掌握数据组织、存储和运算的基本原理和方法，具备对各类数据结构和相关算法的分析和设计的能力，能够编写出正确、清晰和较高质量的算法和程序。
二、考试形式和试卷结构
1、试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷满分150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试
3、试卷题型结构
选择题 40分（20小题，共40分）
填空题 20分（4小题，共20分）
算法与数据结构阅读题 30分（6小题，共30分）
算法与数据结构设计题 60分（5小题，共60分）
三、考查范围
1 绪论
①算法的基本概念
②数据结构的基本概念
③数据抽象和抽象数据类型
④描述数据结构和算法
⑤算法分析的基本方法
2 线性表
①线性表的定义及基本操作
②线性表的顺序存储
③线性表的链接存储
3 栈和队列
①栈和队列的基本概念
②栈和队列的顺序存储结构
③栈和队列的链式存储结构
④表达式计算，数制转换，括号匹配的检验，迷宫求解等
⑤递归
4.数组与广义表
①数组的定义
②数组的顺序表示和实现
③矩阵的压缩存储。
特殊矩阵，稀疏矩阵
④广义表的定义
⑤广义表的存储结构
5 树和二叉树
①树的基本概念
②二叉树的定义及主要特征
③二叉树的顺序存储和链式存储
④二叉树的遍历
⑤线索二叉树的基本概念和构造
⑥树的存储结构
⑦森林和二叉树的转换
⑧树和森林的遍历
⑨树和二叉树的应用
⑩二叉排序树
⑪平衡二叉树
⑫哈夫曼(Huffman)树和哈夫曼编码
6 图
①图的定义和术语
②图的存储结构。
数组表示法，邻接表，十字链表，邻接多
重表
③图的遍历。
深度优先搜索，广度优先搜索
④最小生成树
⑤有向无环图及其应用。
拓扑排序，关键路径，最短路径
7 查找(Search)
①静态查找表
②顺序表的查找
③有序表的查找
④动态查找表
⑤二叉排序树和平衡二叉树
⑥ B-树和B+树
⑦哈希表。
哈希函数的构造方法，处理冲突的方法，哈希表
的查找及其分析
⑧查找算法的分析及应用
8 内排序
①排序的基本概念。
排序，稳定性等
②插入排序
③希尔排序
④快速排序
⑤选择排序
⑥堆排序
⑦归并排序
⑧基数排序
⑨各种内部排序方法的比较讨论
⑩内部排序算法的应用
四、参考教材：
严蔚敏吴伟民《数据结构（C语言版）》，清华大学出版社，2007.3。