怎么翻译中华文明核心词

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中国传统文化词汇翻译

中国传统文化词汇翻译

口译分类词汇——中国文化口译分类词汇——中国文化概述General Terms爱国主义精神patriotism 诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality集体主义collectivism弘扬主旋律,提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德,职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众,深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life 奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times 中华文明博大精深,源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history 重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving 贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture 瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery 雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern 国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut 景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel 蜡染batik卖秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving 泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet 漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquer ware 双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan 唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware 图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets拓片rubbing 微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving 宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻seal cutting戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters 末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show 独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show 折子戏opera highlights 戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk 双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations ; ventriloquism 说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance 叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt 踩高跷stilt walk 马戏circus performances神话人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals 嫦娥Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns )黄帝Yellow Emperor 夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )女娲Goddess of Sky-patching 盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe ) 神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda 琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba ; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda 楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower 鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion 烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column 牌坊memorial archway传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call 爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers 除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning 灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing 端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !观灯viewing the lanterns 贺年片New Year film饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )龙灯舞dragon lantern dance 庙会temple fair 年画New Year picture 年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival 扫墓paying respect to the dead 赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum 赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )元宵节Lantern Festival 月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival 中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色,香,味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance 四大菜系:山东菜,四川菜,粤菜,扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine南淡北咸,东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northerncuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy 腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切,火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing 切条cutting to strips切丝shredding 切柳filleting切丁dicing 切碎mincing磨碎grinding 大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat 小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques 煎pan-frying炒stir-frying 爆quick-frying 炸deep-frying 烩stewing熏smoking 煨simmering 煮boiling 烘baking烤roasting 蒸steaming 红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices 羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism 释迦牟尼Sakyamuni 佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts 金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant 罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings 因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism 大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy 喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism 道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest 关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教Confucianism 孔子庙Confucian temple 孔子Confucius义,礼,智,信,忠,恕,孝,悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career .禅宗Zen Buddhism不立别传,不立文字,直指人心,见性成佛。

中华文化概述(翻译专项词汇)

中华文化概述(翻译专项词汇)

中华文化概述重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝national treasure文物cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors文人scholar; the intellectual雅士refined scholar才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined/high art中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times文明摇篮cradle of civilization古文明ancient civilization博大精深to be extensive and profound享有……的美誉to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为to be honored/crowned as占据重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place肩负……的责任to shoulder the responsibility of…与……密不可分to be closely associated with…推广中国文化to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平to promote world peace增进友谊to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities文化产业culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异cultural difference民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture促进交流to promote exchanges蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩to be rich and colorful 风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德traditional virtues尊敬老人to respect the elderly赡养父母to support/take care of parents继承to inherit后人later generation强身健体improve the physical health; strengthen the body 益寿延年to prolong life保佑平安to keep sb. safe象征意义symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味taste for beauty; aesthetic taste传统文化传统工艺品traditional handicraft形状不一different shapes材质各异various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特characteristic/unique style中医traditional Chinese medicine中草药herbal medicine望、闻、问、切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 症状symptom针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage重大发明a significant invention中国古代四大发明Four Great Inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针compass文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, inkstone 汉字Chinese character笔划stroke四书五经the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人poet四大名著the Four Great Classical Novels八股文the eight-part essay普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴棋书画lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting民俗folk custom文化遗产cultural heritage非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字lucky number偶数/双数even number奇数/单数odd number吉祥物mascot龙dragon凤phoenix龟tortoise吉祥图案lucky pattern姓氏文化surname culture婚嫁习俗marriage custom传统婚礼traditional wedding葬礼习俗funeral custom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武术martial arts中国功夫Chinese Kung Fu太极Tai Chi中国象棋Chinese chess中国围棋Go麻将mahjong宗教religion伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque寺庙temple和尚/僧人monk民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间human world思想学派school of thought思想观念ideology哲学家philosopher思想家thinker创始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu《论语》The Analects of Confucius《道德经》Tao Te Ching《易经》The Book of Changes《孙子兵法》The Art of War传统节日春节the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Day七夕节the Double Seventh Day/QiXi Festival除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve公历/阳历solar calendar农历/阴历lunar calendar庆祝(节日)celebrate; observe起源origin起源于to originate in/from习俗tradition; convention; custom年夜饭annual reunion dinner拜年to pay a New Year call探亲访友to (pay a ) visit (to) relatives and friends亲朋好友relatives and friends大扫除to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难to ward off evils压岁钱luck money发红包to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度……to celebrate…; the celebration of…春联spring couplets爆竹firecrackers; fireworks年画New Year pictures庙会temple fair民间艺人folk artist祭神god-worshiping舞龙dragon dance灯笼/花灯(festival) lantern灯谜lantern riddle有益的智力活动beneficial intellectual activity中国结Chinese knot赛龙舟dragon boat race赏月to enjoy the full moon登高hill climbing放风筝to fly a kite荡秋千to play/ride on a swing民间艺术中国传统戏曲Chinese traditional operas京剧Peking Opera京剧脸谱the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera Mask正面角色positive role说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating; teasing and singing 传统乐器traditional instrument木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play杂技acrobatics相声crosstalk说书story-telling民间工艺folk craft手艺craftsmanship工匠/手工艺人craftsman剪纸Chinese paper cutting刺绣embroidery丝绸silk纺织品textile瓷器porcelain; chinaware陶器pottery; earthenware青铜器bronze ware中国结Chinese knot泥塑clay figure modeling中国玉器Chinese jade雕刻carving中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐Chinese cuisine; Chinese food八大菜系Eight Cuisines粤菜Canton cuisine 国宴state banquet色香味outlook, flavor and taste香脆可口crispy and tasty营养丰富nutritious烹饪技巧cooking technique煎to fry炒to stir-fry炸to deep-fry烩/焖/炖to stew蒸to steam煮to boil烘焙to bake烤to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎to mince磨碎to grind饮食习惯dietary habit特色食品special food; specialty元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed bun包子steamed stuffed bun拉面hand-stretched noodles豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist皮蛋100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原材ingredient调料seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸pork/beef ball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆vegetarian restaurant白酒Chinese liquor中国历史四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 中华文明Chinese civilization文明的摇篮cradle of civilization文明古国ancient civilization人类文明史the history of human civilization远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society封建社会feudal society源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history随着时间的推移as time goes by朝代dynasty春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period古都ancient capital皇帝/君主emperor; monarch勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people退位to give up the throne丞相/宰相prime minister学者scholar政治家statesman军事家military strategist鸦片战争the Opium War南昌起义Nanchang Uprising辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War西安事变Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre长征the Long March历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略to resist the invasion在……世纪初at the beginning of…century迄今为止up till now追溯到to date back to; to be traced back to…来源于to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地birthplace兴起于……,兴盛于……to emerge in…and prosper in…社会地位social status建立(朝代)to build; to found; to establish繁荣to prosper/flourish灭亡to collapse; to come to an end以……命名to be named after…历史人物historic figure闰年leap year商业经济集体经济collective economy计划经济planned economy自由经济liberal economy商品经济commodity economy经济体制改革reform of the economic system经济特区special economic zone人均国民收入national income per capita第一产业/农业primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业tertiary industry; service农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing经济增长率economic growth rate财政政策fiscal policy经济结构调整adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构to optimize the economic structure改善经济环境to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive forces国有资产state-owned property开放国内市场to open domestic market缩小贫富差距to narrow the gap between the rich and poor 消除贫困to eliminate poverty共同富裕common prosperity经济形势economic situation经济波动economic fluctuation经济衰退economic depression; recession经济稳定economic stability经济政策economic policy经济复原economic recovery经济奇迹economic miracle经济起飞economic take-off全球经济global economy经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization市场经济market economy市场调节marker regulation市场多元化market diversification推动经贸合作to boost economic and trade cooperation商界business communities互惠互利mutual benefit总需求aggregate/total demand总供给aggregate supply扩大内需to expand domestic demand团购group buying财政预算financial budget耐用消费品durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力/生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown国有企业state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业private business合资企业joint venture民营企业privately-run business中小企业small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业small and micro-sized firm民间资本private capital民间投资private investment泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy实体经济the real economy外汇储备充足sufficient foreign exchange reserve 国内/国际贸易domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争unfair competition海关customs关税customs duty水货/走私货smuggled goods产品质量product quality高度评价to speak highly of物美价廉competitive price and superior quality 销量/销售额sales存货/库存量stocks金融组织fiinancial institution商业信誉commercial reputation管理机制management mechanism改善服务to improve services延长保修期to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂manufacturer原材料raw material 样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量annual output劳动力密集型产业labour-intensive industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 工作歧视discrimination in workplace高消耗high consumption高投入high investment沿袭……模式to continue with the model of…住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan分期付款to pay by installments信贷紧缩credit squeeze利率interest rate找工作to hunt for a job; job-hunting招聘广告the want ads职位position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信application letter个人简历resume; CV填写申请表to fill in/out application form接受职位to accept/take the post接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job/career prospects就业机会job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴allowance带薪假paid vacation伤残保险disability insurance失业保险unemployment insurance培训咨询training consultancy专业技能professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动labour/physical work手工劳动manual labour/work工作时间working time加班to work overtime; overtime夜班night shift零工odd job证券securities资产assets利润profit供需平衡balance between supply and demand 供求关系supply and demand relation供过于求supply exceeds demand通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation基本建设/基础设施infrastructure生活标准/生活水平living standard购买力purchasing power; buying power短缺shortage不发达的underdeveloped发展中的developing持续、快速和健康的经济发展sustained, rapid and sound economic development四大国有银行the four major state-owned banks支票cheque/check转账/过户to transfer存钱to deposit money取钱to withdraw money货币money; currency发行issue现金cash零钱change钞票/纸币banknote; note; bill汇率/兑换率exchange rate利息interest保险insurance抵押mortgage税制taxation system征税/纳税taxation个人所得税individual income tax免税的tax-free纳税人taxpayer股票市场stock exchange股份/股票share; stock股息/红利dividend房地产real estate经济适用房economically affordable house廉租房low-rent house旅游地理地理geography华东East China华南South China西部地区western region中西部地区central and western regions; midwest地形地势terrain海拔/高度elevation 大陆continent平原plain高地plateau; highland低地lowland盆地basin山mountain山峰peak山区mountainous area沿海地区coastal region沿海港口coastal port岛屿island半岛peninsula山谷/峡谷valley; canyon海峡channel; strait黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River五岳the Five Mountains泰山Mount Tai西湖West lake丝绸之路the Silk Road文化古迹cultural relics建筑architecture长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City 天坛the Temple of Heaven国家博物馆national museum钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower胡同Hutong大运河Grand Canal苏州园林Suzhou gardens景点tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery壮丽河山magnificent scenery淡水湖freshwater lake古典山水园林classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home and abroad游乐园amusement park植物园botanical garden度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket星级酒店star-rated hotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site高峰期rush hour人山人海/人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭to climb mountains and hills受到……的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcomed by…位于to be located in/at省会provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides 全长……公里to stretch for… km/kilometers面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look丰富知识to enrich one’s knowledge开阔视野to broaden one’s horizons扩大知识面to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性to cultivate independence运输工具means of transportation公共交通public transport地铁站subway station候车室waiting room护照passport签证有效期validity of visa散客individual visitor团体游客group visitor环境灾害气候climate环境保护environmental protection环境问题environmental problem/issue环境污染environmental pollution污染物pollutant全球变暖global warming温室效应greenhouse effect废水waste water; polluted water废气pollution gas;exhaust gas白色污染white pollution雾霾天气smog weather沙尘天气sand and dust weather提高全民环保意识to raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction预防为主、防治结合policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control环境产品environment-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry生态环境the ecological environment水土流失water loss and soil erosion水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution碳减排carbon emission reduction温室气体greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car汽车尾气motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量engine displacement零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car资源枯竭depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis原油crude oil油价飙升oil prices surge可代替能源alternative energy清洁能源clean energy新型能源new type energy回收利用to recycle垃圾分类garbage classification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable处理to dispose低碳城市化道路way of low-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss珍稀濒危物种rare and endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty伤亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought教育普及教育universal education素质教育quality education;quality-oriented education 应试教育examination-oriented education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education小学elementary school;primary school初中junior high school高中senior high school希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager失学儿童dropout课业负担academic burden学生减负alleviate the burden on students入学率enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age 高考university/college entrance examination高等教育higher education高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科院校college of (liberal) arts理工科大学college/university of science and engineering 师范学院normal college军校military academy大学城college town象牙塔ivory tower校园文化campus culture高校扩招the college expansion助学贷款student loan; educational loan受过良好教育的well-educated大学生undergraduate研究生graduate student;postgraduate(student)应届毕业生graduating student;current year’s graduate 考研to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school 读研to attend graduate school毕业典礼graduation ceremony毕业论文a graduation paper毕业实习graduation field work; to go out on internships 授予学位to confer an academic degree on sb.博士学位doctor’s degree硕士学位master’s degree学士学位bachelor’s degree在职博士生on-job doctorate就业难tough employment缓解就业压力to alleviate employment pressure中专生students of secondary vocational school扩大招生人数to enlarge school enrollment/recruits升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade高分低能high scores and low abilities填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching培训班training class走读生extern; non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course专业知识specialized knowledge开设课程to offer a course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program; syllabus学分制credit system补考make-up examination学年school year师资力量teaching faculty推进素质教育to push ahead with education for all-around development基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment and vocation guidance竞争激烈fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拔官员/人才to select officials/talents出国留学to study abroad海外留学生overseas student; international student文盲illiteracy; illiterate继续教育continuing/further education终身学习life-long learning自学考试self-study examination夜间大学evening university电视大学open university成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses远程学习distance learning充电to update one’s knowledge教育界education circle教育投入input in education教育公平fairness/equality in education教育资源education resource教师资源teacher resource分配不均衡unevenly distribute/allocate教学设施teaching facility缩小城乡教育差距to bridge/narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas辍学率dropout rate科技科技发展scientific and technologicaladvancement/development新兴学科emerging discipline生物技术bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程genetic engineering空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector软件software网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime信息革命information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟银行virtual bank电子商务e-business; e-commerce网络出版e-publishing个人信息泄露leakage of personal information搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息instant message 视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission在线社区online community社交模式social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet信息时代information age信息爆炸information explosion高科技产品high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机smartphone; intelligent handset创新innovation研发research and development核心技术core technology电讯telecommunication硬件hardware网民netizen活跃用户active user对……上瘾to be/get addicted to…计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物online shopping消费理念consumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version娱乐资讯entertainment information三维电影three-dimensional movie在线娱乐online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯brief news获取信息to obtain information收视率audience rating垃圾信息spam message骚扰电话harassing call社会生活基本国策 a basic national/state policy制定政策to make a policy(政策)生效/开始实施to come into force/effect晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy of sustainable development简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures行政管理administrative management违反规定to violate a rule/regulation少数名族ethnic minority过快增长excessive growth急剧下降to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布population base/density/distribution 人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质quality of the population人口老龄化aging of population人口流动population mobility老龄化社会aging society医疗服务medical service满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs社会效益social benefit健康管理health management应运而生to appear accordingly; to emerge asrequired/needed普通市民ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业home services industry建筑工地construction site农产品agricultural product爱情告白to express one’s love几世同堂的家庭a family consisting of several generations 性骚扰sexual harassment贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor挂失to report the loss补办to re-apply/re-register/post-register城镇化urbanization高楼大厦high-rise/tall/high building小康社会well-off society贫困家庭poor family和睦相处to live in peace/harmony中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 物质文化material civilization精神文化spiritual civilization为人民服务to serve the people坚持……的方针to adhere to the principle of…社会保障social security养老保险retirement insurance医疗保险medical insurance 弱势群体disadvantaged group单亲single parent关心老龄人to care for senior citizens大龄青年older adults; single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女the only child in family社会背景social background福利welfare福利彩票welfare lotteries家政服务household management service户籍household registration居住证residence permit基础设施建设infrastructure construction劳动力短缺labor shortage空巢老人empty nester农民工migrant worker农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers机动车辆猛增motor vehicles surge交通堵塞traffic jam/congestion过度拥挤overcrowded单双号限号even-odd license plate plan闯红灯running red light扣分处罚point penalty酒驾drunk driving终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视age discrimination盗版pirated; illegal copies政策法规法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system改革开放reform and opening-up可持续发展sustainable development和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education公务员civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency居委会neighborhood committee一国两制One Country, Two Systems一个中国原则the one-China principle两岸关系cross-straits relations两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations领土完整territorial integrity民族精神national spirit求同存异to seek common ground while shelving differences精神文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization 与时俱进to keep pace with the times综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”(战略)going global全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign人口普查census社会保险social insurance。

下半年英语四六级中华文化翻译词汇

下半年英语四六级中华文化翻译词汇

2022下半年英语四六级中华文化翻译词汇英语四六级中华文化翻译词汇政治和文化中心 political and cultural center中华人民共和国的成立 the founding of thePeoples Republic of China 旅游胜地 tourist attraction外滩 Bund城隍庙 City God Temple世界文化和设计中心 cosmopolitan center ofculture and design典范 showpiece历史文化名城 a noted historic and cultural city古风古韵 ancient customs and rhyme流连忘返 to have much enjoyment and forgetto go back home/to linger on with no thought of leaving历史文化的沉积 sediment of historical culture航运枢纽 shipping hub纳西族 Naxi people人间仙境 wonderlands on the earth英语四六级高频词汇fall off 下降fall away 背离televise live 实况转播by the moment 到…时have intention of 有意,打算no intention of 无意,不打算have not the least idea of 不知道have no desire for 对…没有欲望have desire to do sth. 想做某事have sth.in stock 有现货be particular about 讲究the key to …的答案(线索、办法) carry about 随身携带pass through 通过,经过put into use 使用,应用be satisfied with 满足be satisfied of 相信hardly…when 刚…就…come to a conclusion 得出结论avoid doing sth. 避免干某事decline invitation 辞谢邀请agree on/upon 取得一致意见may(might) as well 还是…好argue about 争论take(make) a stand for 捍卫take(make) a stand against 反对英语四六级作文及阅读常考词汇employ vt。

四六级翻译-中国文化关键词

四六级翻译-中国文化关键词

英语四六级翻译-中国⽂文化关键词!主题-四⼤大发明(The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China)!-中国古代哲学家(Ancient Chinese Philosophers)!-四书(The Four Books)!-书法五⼤大书体(The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy)! -六艺(The Six Classical Arts)!-汉字(Chinese Characters)!-武术(The Martial Arts)!-中国⽂文学作品(Chinese Literary Works)!-中国建筑(Chinese Architecture)!-⼗十⼆二⽣生肖(Zodiac)!-传统节⽇日(Traditional Festivals)!-京剧(Beijing Opera)!-《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)!-其他(Other)⼀一、四⼤大发明(The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China)!1.⽕火药 gunpowder2.印刷术 printing3.造纸术 paper-making4.指南针 compass! !⼆二、中国古代哲学家(Ancient Chinese Philosophers)!1.孔⼦子 Confucius2.孟⼦子 Mencius3.⽼老⼦子 Lao Tzu4.庄⼦子 Chuang Tzu!5.墨⼦子 Mo Tzu6.孙⼦子 Sun Tzu!!三、四书(The Four Books)!1.《⼤大学》 The Great Learning2.《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean!3.《论语》 The Analects of Confucius4.《孟⼦子》 The Mencius!!四、书法五⼤大书体(The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy)!1.篆书 seal script ;seal character2.⾪隶书 official script ;clerical script!3.⾏行书 running script ;semi-cursive script4.草书 cursive script!!五、六艺(The Six Classical Arts)!1.礼 rites2.乐 music3.射 archery4.御 riding5.书 writing6.数 arithmetic!!六、汉字(Chinese Characters)!1.汉字笔画 stroke2.偏旁部⾸首 radical3.书写体系 writing system !4.汉藏语系 Sino-Tibetan5.汉学家 sinologist;sinologue6.中国热 Sinomania!7.同宗同源 of the same origin 8.华夏祖先 the Chinese Characters !9.单⾳音节 single syllable 10.声调 tone!11.阳午、阴午、上声、去声 level tone、rising tone、falling-rising tone、falling tone! !七、武术(The Martial Arts)!1.中国武术 kung fu2.武术⻔门派 schools of martial arts!3.习武健⾝身 practice martial arts fir fitness4.古代格⽃斗术 ancient form of combat!5.中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association6.武林⾼高⼿手 top martial artist!7.⽓气功 Qingong,deep breathing exercises 8.柔道 judo 9.空⼿手道 karate!10.跆拳道 tae kwon do 11.拳击 boxing 12.摔跤 wrestling 13.击剑 fencing! 14.武侠⼩小说 tales of roving knights;kung fu novels!!⼋八、中国⽂文学作品(Chinese Literary Works)!1.《三国演义》Three kingdoms2.《⻄西游记》Journey to the west!3.《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions !4.《⼭山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers!5.《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;!Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers!6.《⻄西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber!7.《⽔水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin!8.《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio!Strange Tales form Make-Do Studio!9.《围城》 Fortress Besieged 10.《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q!11.《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals 12.《史记》 Historical Records! 13.《诗经》 The Book of Songs 14.《易经》The Book of Changes!15.《礼记》 The Book of Rites 16.《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety!17.《三字经》 Three-Character Scripture;Three-Word Chant!18.⼋八股⽂文 Eight-Part essay;stereotyped writing!19.五⾔言绝句 five-character quatrain 20.七⾔言律诗 seven-character octave!!九、中国建筑(Chinese Architecture)!1.四合院 quadrangle2.蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt3.碑⽂文 inscriptions on a tablet!4.碑林 the forest of steles5.道观 Taoist temple6.殿 hall!7.烽⽕火台 beacon tower 8.⿎鼓楼 drum tower 9.华表 ornamental column!!⼗十、⼗十⼆二⽣生肖(Zodiac)!1.⿏鼠 rat2.⽜牛 Ox3.虎 Tiger4.兔 Hare5.⻰龙 Dragon6.蛇 Snake!7.⻢马 Horse 8.⽺羊 Sheep 9.猴 Monkey 10.鸡 Rooster 11.狗 Dog 12.猪 Pig! !⼗十⼀一、传统节⽇日(Traditional Festivals)!1.春节 The Spring Festival!拜年 pay a New Year visit 爆⽵竹 firecracker 除⼣夕 Eve of Chinese New Year!春联 Spring Couplets 辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new!饺⼦子 boiled dumpling 锅贴 pan-fired dumpling;pot-sticker!庙会 temple fair 年画 traditional Chinese New Year Pictures!年夜饭 the Eve Feast 守年 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve!团圆饭 family reunion dinner 压岁钱 New Year gift-money!2.元宵节 Lantern Festival!元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle !舞⻰龙 dragon dance 狮⼦子舞 lion dance 踩⾼高跷 stilt walking!3.清明节 Tomb-sweeping Day!扫墓 tomb-sweeping;sweep tomb sites of loved ones!祭祖 offer sacrifices to the ancestors 踏⻘青 go for an outing in spring!4.端午节 Dragon Boat Festival!赛⻰龙⾈舟 dragon boat race 粽⼦子 traditional Chinese rice-pudding!亡灵 departed soul 忠⾂臣 loyal minister!5.中秋节 Moon Festival;Mid-Autumn Day!⽉月饼 moon cake 赏⽉月 appreciate the glorious full moon!6.重阳节 Double Ninth Day;the Aged Day!7.国庆节 National Day!⼗十⼆二、京剧(Beijing Opera)!1.变脸 face-off2.⽣生 male(the positive male role)!3.旦 female(the positive female role)!4.净 a supporting male role with a striking character!5.丑 a clown or a negative role6.花脸 painted role!7.独⾓角戏 monodrama;one-man show!8.京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera;Peking Opera fan!9.脸谱 mask!!⼗十三、《论语》The Analects of Confucius!1.⼰己所不欲,勿施于⼈人!Do not do to others what you would not want them do to you.!2.⾔言必⾏行,⾏行必果!Keep what you see and carry out what you do.!3.有朋⾃自远⽅方来,不亦乐乎?!Isn’t it a delight to have friends coming from afar?!4.知者乐⽔水,仁者乐⼭山。

中国文化关键词的英文表达

中国文化关键词的英文表达

中国文化关键词一、四大发明the Four Great inventions of Ancient China1、火药gunpowder2、印刷术printing3、造纸术paper-making4、指南针compass二、中国古代哲学家Ancient Chinese Philosophers1、孔子Confucius2、孟子Mencius3、老子Lao Tzu4、庄子Chuang Tzu5、孙子Sun Tzu6、墨子Mo Tzu三、四书The Four Books1、《大学》The Great Learning2、《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean3、《论语》The Analects of Confucius4、《孟子》The Mencius四、书法五大书体The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy1、篆书seal script; seal character2、隶书official script; clerical script3、行书running script; semi-cursive script4、草书cursive script5、楷书regular script; standard script五、六气The Six Classical Arts1、礼rites2、乐music3、射archery4、御riding5、书writing6、数arithmetic六、汉字Chinese Characters1、汉字笔画stroke2、偏旁部首radical3、书写体系writing system4、汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan5、汉学家Sinologist; Sinologue6、中国热Sinomania7、同宗同源of the same origin8、华夏祖先the Chinese Characters9、单音节single syllable10、声调tone11、阳平、阴平、上声、去声level tone, rising tone, falling-rising tone, falling tone七、武术The Martial Arts1、中国武术kung fu2、武术门派schools of martial arts3、习武健身practice martial arts for fitness4、古代格斗术ancient form of combat5、中国武术协会Chinese Martial Art Association6、武林高手top martial artist7、气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises8、柔道judo9、空手道karate10、跆拳道tae kwon do11、拳击boxing12、摔跤wrestling13、击剑fencing14、武侠小说tales of roving knights; kungfu novels八、中国文学作品Chinese Literary Works1、《三国演义》Three Kingdoms2、《西游记》Journey to the West3、《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions4、《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers5、《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers6、《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber7、《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes, Tales of the Water Margin8、《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio9、《围城》Fortress Besieged10、《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q11、《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals12、《史记》Historical Records13、《诗经》The Book of Songs14、《易经》The Book of Changes15、《礼记》The Book of Rites16、《孝经》Book of Filial Piety17、《三字经》Three-Character Scripture; Three-Word Chant18、八股文Eight-part essay; stereotyped writing19、五言绝句five-character quatrain20、七言律诗seven-character octave九、中国建筑Chinese Architecture1、四合院quadrangle; the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard2、蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt3、碑文inscriptions on a tablet4、碑林the forest of steles5、道观Taoist temple6、殿hall7、烽火台beacon tower8、鼓楼drum tower9、华表ornamental column十、十二生肖Zodiac1、鼠Rat2、牛Ox3、虎Tiger4、兔Hare5、龙Dragon6、蛇Snake7、马Horse8、羊Sheep9、猴Monkey10、鸡Rooster11、狗Dog12、猪Pig十一、传统节日Traditional Festivals1、春节The Spring Festival拜年pay a New Year visit爆竹fire cracker除夕Eve of Chinese New Year春联Spring Couplets辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new饺子boiled dumpling锅贴pan-fried dumpling; pot-sticker庙会temple fair年画traditional Chinese New year Pictures年夜饭the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on lunar New Year’s Eve; Banquet of Chinese New Year Eve守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve团圆饭family reunion dinner压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift2、元宵节Lantern Festival元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle舞龙dragon dance狮子舞lion dance踩高跷stilt walking3、清明节Tomb-sweeping Day扫墓tomb-sweeping; sweep tomb sites of loved ones祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors踏青go for an outing in spring4、端午节Dragon Boot Festival赛龙舟dragon boot race粽子tradition Chinese rice-pudding亡灵departed soul忠臣loyal minister5、中秋节Moon Festival; Mid-Autumn Day月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon6、重阳节Double Ninth Day; the Aged Day7、国庆节National Day十二、京剧Beijing Opera1、变脸face-off2、生male(the positive male role)3、旦female(the positive female role)4、净a supporting male role with a striking character5、丑a down or a negative role6、花脸painted role7、独角戏monodrama; one-man show8、京剧票友amateur performer of Beijing Opera; Peking Opera fan9、脸谱mask十三、《论语》The Analects of Confucius1、己所不欲,勿施于人Do not do to others what you would not want them do to you.2、言必行,行必果Keep what you see and carry out what you do.3、有朋自远方来,不亦说乎?Isn’t it a delight to have friends coming from afar?4、知者乐山,仁者乐水The wise find pleasure in waters; the virtuous find pleasure inmountains.5、君子敏于言而甚于行The gentleman are speedy as a worker and cautious as aspeaker.6、知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

英语四六级翻译常用词汇-中国历史文化

英语四六级翻译常用词汇-中国历史文化

英语四六级翻译:历史文化词汇中华文明 Chinese civilization文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名:特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters 阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Analects of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》 Historical Records《诗经》 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes《书经》 The Books of History《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》 The Book of Rites《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety《孙子兵法》 The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;TheThree-Word Chant《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West 《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio《围城》 Fortress Besieged《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit朝廷使者 royal court envoy文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role) 净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role 花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shtick滑稽短剧 skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔 Shaanxi opera武术 martial art功夫 kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击 boxing篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝 cloisonné文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日 traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / theTomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节 the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day。

英语四级翻译常考词汇:中国文化

英语四级翻译常考词汇:中国文化

英语四级翻译常考词汇:中国文化词汇是我们英语学习的基础,词汇理解得越透彻,英语学得越好。

下面是店铺整理的翻译常考词汇,希望能帮到大家!概述 General Terms爱国主义精神 patriotism诚实守信 honesty全民健身运动 nationwide集体主义 collectivism为人民服务 serving the people重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality弘扬主旋律,提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversityfitness campaign社会公德,职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues 深入群众,深入生活 go deep among the masses and into the thick of life奉献无愧于时代的作品 contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深,源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history自立于世界民族之林 stand proudly in the family of nations艺术及工艺 Arts and Crafts版画 engraving贝雕画 shell carving picture彩塑 painted sculpture瓷器 porcelain; china刺绣 embroidery雕刻 carving宫灯 palace lantern国画 Chinese painting剪纸 paper-cut景德镇瓷 Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝 cloisonné enamel蜡染 batik卖秸画 straw patchwork木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画 wood engraving汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阴平 level tone阳平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting 工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit 点击展开全文。

中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化

中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化

中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化近日,“中华思想文化术语传播工程”第二批术语对外发布,对“居安思危”“上善若水”等反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语,作出了简明的中文释义和英文翻译。

今天,“微言教育”继续向大家亮出这些词语,我们一起学习吧。

【英译】Jingjie(VisionaryWorld)【释义】“境界”本指疆域边界、土地边界,后来在佛经翻译中,“境界”一词被用于精神领域,指人破除对于物质世界的沉迷后所达到的精神层次或修为境域。

作为文艺术语,主要指文艺作品中所表现出的审美层次和境域,是作者的创造力、理解力和审美能力在精神层面的综合呈现。

有境界的作品是作者真实人格的显现,具备超越凡俗的意味,更能引发读者的共鸣,激发读者的想象,甚至提升读者的感受。

“意境”形成较早,而“境界”主要受中唐以后佛教思想的影响而形成。

近代学者王国维《人间词话》对境界的阐释最多。

王国维往往将“意境”与“境界”概念通用。

他构建了融合西方美学与中国古典美学为一体的“境界论”。

但一般说来,意境侧重作者主观寓意与作品形象的完满融会,通过鉴赏使想象得到发挥,而境界则突出心灵感悟使艺术形象得到升华,强调心灵世界对于作品层次的提升。

【英译】AestheticConceptionTranscendsConcreteObjectsDescribed.【释义】诗文中的审美意境往往在物象之外,需要鉴赏者领悟其中的精神之美。

“境”指作品所创造的审美意境,“象”是作品中所呈现出的具体物象。

诗歌由语言文字写成,所描写的都是一个个物象,在这些具体的物象之外,能够形成整体的审美情境。

唐代诗人刘禹锡首次提出这个命题,表达对诗歌意趣的思考,强调文字与物象是确切的,而审美情境却是微妙而难以言传的。

在古典诗论意境说的形成过程中,“境生象外”是一个重要的发展阶段。

【英译】BeonAlertAgainstPotentialDangerWhenLivinginPeace【释义】处在安宁的环境中,要想到可能出现的危难。

四六级翻译中国文化词汇

四六级翻译中国文化词汇

中国文化词汇一、中国古代四大发明(The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China)1、火药gunpowder2、印刷术printing3、造纸术paper-making4、指南针compass二、中国古代哲学家(Ancient Chinese Philosophers)1、孔子Confucius2、孟子Mencius3、老子Lao Tzu4、庄子Chuang Tzu5、墨子Mo Tzu6、孙子Sun Tzu三、文房四宝(The Four Treasures of the Study)1、笔writing brush2、墨ink stick3、纸paper4、砚ink stone四、书法五大字体(The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy)1、篆书seal script; seal character2、隶书official script; clerical script3、行书running script; semi-cursive script4、草书cursive script5、楷书regular script; standard script五、六艺(The Six Classical Arts)1、礼rites2、乐music3、射archery4、御riding5、书writing6、数arithmetic六、汉字(Chinese Characters)1、汉字笔画stroke2、偏旁部首radical3、书写体系writing system4、汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan5、汉学家Sinologist; Sinologue6、中国热Sinomania7、同宗同源of the same origin8、华夏祖先the Chinese Characters9、单音节single syllable10、声调tone七、武术(The Martial Arts)1、中国功夫kung fu2、武术门派schools of martial arts3、习武健身practise martial arts for fitness4、古代格斗术ancient form of combat5、中国武术协会Chinese Martial Art Association6、武林高手top martial artist7、气功Qigong; deep breathing exercises8、柔道judo9、空手道karate10、跆拳道tae kwon do11、拳击boxing12、摔跤wrestling13、击剑fencing14、武侠小说tales of roving knights; kung fu novels八、中国文学作品(Chinese Literary Works)1、《大学》The Great Learning2、《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean3、《论语》The Analects of Confucius4、《孟子》The Mencius5、《诗经》The Book of Songs6、《尚书》The Book of History7、《礼记》The Book of Rites8、《易经》The Book of Changes9、《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals10、《三字经》Three-Character Scripture; Three-Word Chant11、《百家姓》The Book of Family Names12、《千字文》Thousand-Character Classic13、《三国演义》Three Kingdoms14、《西游记》Journey to the West15、《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions16、《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin17、《史记》Historical Records18、《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers19、《孙子兵法》The Art of War20、《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers21、《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber22、《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio23、八股文Eight-Part essay; stereotyped writing24、五言绝句five-character quatrain25、七言律诗seven-character octave九、中国建筑(Chinese Architecture)1、四合院quadrangle2、蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt3、碑文inscriptions on a tablet4、碑林the forest of steles5、道观Taoist temple6、殿hall7、烽火台beacon tower8、鼓楼drum tower9、华表ornamental column十、传统节日(Traditional Festivals)1、春节The Spring Festival拜年pay a New Year visit爆竹fire cracker除夕Eve of Chinese New Year春联Spring Couplets辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new水饺boiled dumpling锅贴pan-fried dumpling; pot-sticker庙会temple fair年画traditional Chinese New Year Pictures年夜饭the Eve Feast守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve团圆饭family reunion dinner压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift 2、元宵节Lantern Festival汤圆sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking3、清明节Tomb-sweeping Day扫墓tomb-sweeping; sweep tomb sites of loved ones祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors踏青go for an outing in spring4、端午节Dragon Boat Festival赛龙舟dragon boat race粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding亡灵departed soul忠臣loyal minister5、中秋节Mid-Autumn Day; Moon Festival月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon6、重阳节Double Ninth Day; the Aged Day7、国庆节National Day十一、艺术1、京剧Peking opera2、秦腔Qin opera3、相声comic cross talk4、说书story-telling5、口技ventriloquism6、杂技acrobatics7、木偶戏puppet show8、皮影戏shadow play9、折子戏opera highlight10、泥人clay figure11、唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty12、景泰蓝cloisonné13、刺绣embroidery14、剪纸paper cutting15、中国结Chinese knot16、唐装Tang suit17、针灸acupuncture18、中国画traditional Chinese painting19、水墨画Chinese brush painting十二、美食1、小吃摊snack bar; snack stand2、年糕rice cake3、油条deep-fried dough sticks4、豆浆soybean milk5、馒头steamed buns6、花卷steamed twisted rolls7、包子steamed stuffed buns8、拉面hand-stretched noodles9、馄饨wonton; dumplings in soup10、豆腐tofu; bean curd11、麻花fried dough twist12、蛋炒饭fried rice with egg13、北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck14、叫花鸡the Beggar’s Chicken十三、旅游景点1、秦始皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang2、兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses3、大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda4、丝绸之路the Silk Road5、敦煌莫高窟the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes6、华清池Huaqing Hot Springs7、五台山Wutai Mountain8、九华山Jiuhua Mountain9、峨眉山Mount Emei10、泰山Mount Tai11、黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain12、故宫the Imperial Palace13、天坛the Temple of Heaven14、苏州园林Suzhou gardens15、西湖West Lake16、九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley17、日月潭Sun Moon Lake18、布达拉宫the Potala Palace十四、文化建设1、中国特色社会主义Socialism with Chinese Characteristics2、精神文明建设The Construction of Spiritual Civilization3、文物cultural relic4、文化产业culture industry5、文化底蕴cultural deposits6、文化事业cultural undertaking7、文化交流cross-cultural communication; interculturalcommunication8、文化冲突cultural shock9、民族文化national culture10、民间文化folk culture11、表演艺术performing arts12、现代流行艺术popular art13、高雅艺术refined art版画engraving彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery宫灯/花灯palace/festival lantern剪纸papercutting景德镇瓷器Jingdezhen porcelain木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving唐三彩tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 中国水墨画Chinese ink and wash painting陶器pottery微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving京剧脸谱facial make-up in Peking Opera木刻版画wood engraving木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man show皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show 京剧Peking Opera秦腔Shaanxi Opera单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitation说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt哑剧dumb show; mime马戏circus performance2春节the Spring Festival元宵sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 秧歌yangko年底大扫除the year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddle登高hill climbing拜年paying a New Year call鞭炮firecracker年画(traditional) New Year picture 舞龙dragon dance春联Spring Festival couplets元宵节the Lantern Festival植树节Tree-Planting Day除夕New Year's Eve端午节the Dragon Boat Festival龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年夜饭family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve清明节Tomb-Sweeping Day扫墓pay respects to a dead person at his tomb赏月admire the moon压岁钱money given to children as a lunar New Year gift; gift money 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new year中秋节Mid-Autumn Day重阳节the Double Ninth Festival十二生肖Chinese Zodiac七夕节Double Seventh Day粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding; zong zi 中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine粤菜Cantonese cuisine淮扬菜Huaiyang cuisine鲁菜Shandong cuisine川菜Sichuan cuisine3佛教Buddhism佛寺Buddhist temple道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest儒教Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture墨家Mohism法家Legalism孔庙Confucian Temple孔子Confucius《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《西行漫记》Red Star Over China《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《水浒传》Water Margin《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions; The Story of the Stone 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; A Journey to the West武侠小说martial arts novel言情小说romantic fiction八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave4民间艺术folk art高雅艺术refined art戏剧艺术theatrical art电影艺术film art爱国主义精神patriotism文化产业cultural industry文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲突cultural shock; cultural conflict 乡村文化rural culture民族文化national culture表演艺术performing art文化底蕴cultural deposit华夏祖先the Chinese ancestor同宗同源be of the same origin中国文学Chinese literature中国武术Chinese martial arts; Kung Fu 中国书法Chinese calligraphy火药gunpowder印刷术printing; art of printing造纸术papermaking technology指南针compass中国结Chinese knot青铜器bronze ware武术门派style/school of martial arts习武健身practice martial arts for fitness 古代格斗术ancient form of combat武林高手top martial artist气功qigong5无与伦比的文学创作unmatched literary creation 汉语的四声调the four tones of Chinese工艺workmanship; craftsmanship手工艺品handicraft泥人clay figurine苏绣Suzhou embroidery寓言fable神话mythology传说legend公历the Gregorian calendar阴历the Lunar calendar天干Heavenly Stems篆刻seal cutting闰年leap year二十四节气24 solar terms传统节日traditional holiday才子佳人gifted scholar and beautiful lady 中华文明Chinese civilization中外学者Chinese and overseas scholar寺庙temple汉学家sinologist考古学家archaeologist人类学家anthropologist历史学家historian地理学家geographer宿命论determinism守岁stay up late on New Year's Eve桂花sweet osmanthus中药traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)文明摇篮cradle of civilization明清两代the Ming and Qing Dynasties6江南South of the Yangtze River水乡景色riverside scenery上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theater样板戏model opera《霸王别姬》Farewell to My Concubine 佛经Buddhist scripture都江堰Dujiang Weir《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三字经》Three-Character Scripture 旗袍cheongsam; chi-pao中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装Traditional Chinese garment; Tang suit 风水geomancy胡同alley; hutong《神农本草经》Shen Nong's Herbal Classic 针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage切脉feel the pulse旧石器时代the Paleolithic Period母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society封建(制度)的feudal秦朝the Qin Dynasty汉朝the Han Dynasty唐朝the Tang Dynasty宋朝the Song Dynasty元朝the Yuan Dynasty明朝the Ming Dynasty清朝the Qing Dynasty秦始皇the First Qin Emperor皇太后empress dowager春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period。

中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao(cf. logo)江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)道Daoism(Taoism)上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情,顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people乱摊派,乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴,乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节National Day中秋节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day教师节Teachers’ Day五四青年节Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨wonton锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷steamed twisted rolls套餐set meal盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away 米豆腐rice tofu魔芋豆腐konjak tofu米粉rice noodles 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅chafing dish八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝glass noodles豆腐脑jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信China Telecom中国移动China Mobile十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网Chinanet 三峡工程the Three Gorges Project希望工程Project Hope京九铁路Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程Decent-Life Project安居工程Economy Housing Project扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗Zen Buddhism禅dhyana; dhgaya混沌chaos道Daosim, the way and its power四谛Four Noble Truth 八正道Eightfold Path无常anity五行说Theory of Five Elements无我anatman坐禅metta or transcendental meditation空sunyata虚无nothingness双喜double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品witty skits相声cross-talk噱头;掉包袱gimmick, stunt夜猫子night people; night-owls本命年this animal year of sb.处世之道philosophy of life姻缘yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)还愿redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国Mainland China红宝书little red book红色中国socialist China四化Four Modernizations终生职业job-for-life铁饭碗iron rice bowl大锅饭communal pot关系户closely-related units外出打工人员migrant workers关系网personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美):the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius 牌楼pailou;pai-loo武术wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) 功夫kungfu ;kung fu中庸the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常:仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文eight-legged essays多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督grass-roots supervision基础税率base tariff level婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love婚纱摄影bride photo黑心棉shoddy cotton机器阅卷machine scoring即开型奖券scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development价格听证会public price hearings甲A球队Division A Soccer Team家政服务household management service加强舆论监督ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐accounting fraud叫板challenge; pick a quarrel矫情use lame arguments渐进式台独gradual Taiwan independence借调temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption“民族传统”的必背考点一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。

中国文化词汇 英文

中国文化词汇 英文

中华民国the republic of China白话文modern spoken Chinese齐鲁文化the Qi-Lu commercial culture吴文化the Wu Area Culture经济作物economic plants货币流通circulation of currency长江三角洲Yangtze delta鱼米之乡land of rice and fish甲骨文tortoise script (shang script)青铜器bronze vessel地动仪the eight-dragon seismograph三省六部the three ministries ans six departments 科举制the service examination两税法the two tax laws古文运动the classical literary style movement活字印刷术the set-up type printing天文学的计时器Astronomical chronometer话本Huaben/ story-telling山水画Paintings featuring landscapes亚欧帝国Eurasian-empire八股文eight-part essay洋务运动the wasternization movement戊戌变法The Wuxu Reform movement四大发明Four great inventionsPaper making; printing; compass; gunpowder资本主义萌芽A rudiment of capitalism康乾盛世Heyday in Kang-qian period鸦片战争The opium war赤陶土Terracotte使者,使节Envoy半殖民地半封建社会Semi-fedual and semi-colonial society辛亥革命The Xin Hai revolution/ a bourgeois democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen十月革命The October Revolution五四运动The May 4th movement国民党The Chinese nationalist party军阀Warlords北京人Peking men远古时期Primeval period春秋战国时期The spring-autumn and the warring states periods陶瓷业The ceramic industry都江堰Dujiangyan Dam百家争鸣A hundred schools contend始皇帝First emperor度量衡The measurement system郡县制The prefectures and counties system汉武帝Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty匈奴The HunsThe Chanyu (king) of the Huns西域West region丝绸之路Silk route三国时期The three kingdoms period鞠躬尽瘁死而后已Sparing no effort in the performance of duty 赤壁Red cliff唐太宗Emperor Taizong of Tang (one of the foremost distinguished emperors in Chinese history)黄袍Yellow imperial gown成吉思汗Genghis Khan蒙古帝国Mongol empire陵墓Mausoleum君主制Monarchy全盛时期Heyday思想家Ideologist暴君,专制君主Despot游牧民族中的一员Nomad形而上学Metaphysics世俗的,非宗教的Secular贡物Tribute甘蔗Sugarcane橘子Tangerine红学Redology世外桃源Shangri-la/arcadia大锅饭Getting an equal share regardless of the work done 伤痕文学Scar literature or the literature of the wounded脱贫To shake off poverty/anti-poverty泼水节Water-splashing day五四青年节Youth day原始社会Primitive society社会分工Specialization of labor 奴隶社会Slave society封建社会Feudal society近代旅游Modern Society现代旅游Contemporary tourism 生产力Production forces国内旅游Domestic tourism大众旅游Mass tourism社会补贴旅游Social tourism奖励旅游Incentive tourism一日游游客Excursionist可支配收入Disposable income 可自由支配收入Discretionary income 旅游资源Tourist attraction旅游批发商Tour whole saler旅游代理商Trave agent旅游零售商Retailer团体旅游Package tour饭店连锁集团Hotel chains海上巡游Cruise古代遗迹Ancient monuments美术馆Art galleries野生动物园区Wild life attraction主题公园Theme park早期产业遗址Industrial arachnological site。

中国传统文化特色词语汉维翻译

中国传统文化特色词语汉维翻译

中国传统文化特色词语汉维翻译中文是中华民族的语言,具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。

中国传统文化特色词语是反映中国独特文化的重要组成部分,它们承载着丰富的意义和价值观。

以下是一些常见的中国传统文化特色词语的汉维翻译。

1. 仁(rén):仁是中国传统文化中的核心概念之一,代表着人道主义、善良、关爱他人的道德理念。

2. 礼(li):礼是指人们在社会交往中应遵循的行为准则,包括尊重、谦虚、恭敬等。

3. 忠诚(zhoțn'kun'):忠诚是指对国家、家庭、朋友等的忠贞不渝的态度和行为,代表着忠诚精神和品德。

4. 和谐(héxié):和谐是指人与人之间、人与自然之间的和谐相处和平衡发展,体现了中国传统文化中追求和平与稳定的价值观和理念。

5. 儒学(rúxué):儒学是中国传统文化中的经典之一,强调个人修养、敬天爱人、尊重礼仪等。

6. 道德(dàodé):道德是人们理解善恶、评判行为的准则,具有普遍的规范和规定。

7. 琴棋书画(qíngqíshūhuà):琴棋书画是中国传统文化中的四艺之一,分别代表了音乐、棋类游戏、书法和绘画等艺术形式。

8. 文房四宝(wénfángsìbǎo):文房四宝是指中国古代文人学士所使用的四种书写工具,分别指毛笔、宣纸、墨汁和砚台。

9. 元宵节(yuánxiāojié):元宵节是中国传统的节日,通常在农历正月十五,人们会吃元宵、赏灯笼、放烟火等庆祝活动。

10. 四合院(sìhéyuàn):四合院是传统中国建筑形式的一种,由四面围成中心庭院的房屋组成。

11. 中国结(zhōngguójí):中国结是中国传统手工艺品之一,由多种不同颜色的丝线编织而成,代表着吉祥和团结。

12. 诗词(shīcí):诗词是中国传统文学的重要形式,具有优美的韵律和丰富的意象,用来表达思想和情感。

中华文明核心词翻译参考

中华文明核心词翻译参考

中华文明核心词的翻译参考一个德国人对中国文化了解以后,认为英语翻译中华文明没有完全将其术语韵味翻译到位,中国应该将中国概念和它们的正确名称推介给全世界的观众对于中华文明的传统术语,很多英语翻译是很难翻译出其中的韵味。

就当下而言,即使是最有教养的西方人都没有听说过“ren”(仁),“datong”(大同),“tianxia”(天下)和“tian ren he yi”(天人合一)。

目前中国最大的挑战,不仅在于自由、经济和人力资源等方面与西方国家的竞争,也在于能否用中国人的方式重新参与世界历史,在此过程中,使用中国术语是通往这个目标的必由之路。

子曰:“名不正,则言不顺”。

但现在几乎所有表述中国思想词汇的国际标准译法都采用了意思相近的西方术语。

这样做,事实上扭曲了这些词汇的原本含义。

中国并不是现代历史上第一个“崛起”的国家,但却是唯一一个其语言不采用字母符号的国家。

到目前为止,中国还依赖于两种西方的罗马拼音系统:韦氏拼音和汉语拼音。

虽然有一些中国的概念,比如“Yin Yang”(阴阳)和“Kungfu”(功夫)被西方语言吸收并被他们的人民所接受,但这仅是一些特例,目前并没有一种规范的语言翻译法则来促进中国术语在国外的使用,尤其是在科学和人文领域中。

在国内的英文刊物中,也没有想要使用中国术语的普遍意愿。

的确,中国政府创建了“汉办”,在世界范围内的主要文化中心建立了“孔子学院”,但是他们只教授中文,并不推广中国术语。

我们必须认识到:西方世界创造了很多东西,但并不是一切。

在西方文化中,可以说完全不存在“rishi”(仙人)、“Buddha”(佛)或者“shengren”(圣人)的概念;但是中国学生却被灌输西方世界的“saints”(圣人)和“philosophers”(哲学家)的概念,不仅中国,甚至整个亚洲社会皆是如此。

对翻译时几乎完全抛弃中文原意而采用外国表达的做法,经常感到困惑不解。

比方说,“麒麟”该怎么说?我们就叫它“unicorn”(独角兽)吧;“龙”,又该怎么说?嗯,就叫它“dragon”(龙)吧!就像“熊猫”是中国特有的动物,但众所周知,西方人却叫它“panda”(熊猫)。

中华文明 Chinese civilization

中华文明 Chinese civilization

中华文明 Chinese civilization文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名:特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Analects of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》 Historical Records《诗经》 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes《书经》 The Books of History《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》 The Book of Rites《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety《孙子兵法》 The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio 《围城》 Fortress Besieged《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit朝廷使者 royal court envoy文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character 丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shtick滑稽短剧 skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔 Shaanxi opera武术 martial art功夫 kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击 boxing篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonné文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年 one''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日 traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th) 端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节 the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month) 重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day。

中国历史与文化英文单词

中国历史与文化英文单词

中国历史与⽂化英⽂单词中国历史与⽂化京剧 Peking opera秦腔 Qin opera功夫Kungfo太极Tai Chi⼝技 ventriloquism⽊偶戏puppet show⽪影戏 shadowplay折⼦戏 opera highlights杂技 acrobatics相声 witty dialogue comedy刺绣 embroidery苏绣 Suzhou embroidery泥⼈ clay figure书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting⽔墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四⼤发明 the four great inventions of ancient China ⽕药 gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass青铜器 bronze ware瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术 martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家⽂化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔⼦ Confucius孟⼦ Mencius⽼⼦ Lao Tzu庄⼦ Chuang Tzu墨⼦ Mo Tzu孙⼦Sun Tzu象形⽂字 pictographic characters⽂房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《⼤学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟⼦》The Mencius《孙⼦兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游爷⼰》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《⽔浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《⼭海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures⼋股⽂ eight-part essay五⾔绝句 five-character quatrain七⾔律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中⼭装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风⽔ Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year⼗⼆⽣肖zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七⼣节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆⽵ firecracker年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩⾼跷 stilt walking赛龙⾈ dragon boat race胡同hutong⼭东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine⽉饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks⾖浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包⼦ steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉⾯ hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)⾖腐 tofu? bean curd⿇花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls⽪蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks⽕锅hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China烽⽕台 beacon tower秦⼠台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses ⼤雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫⾼窟Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台⼭"Wutai Mountain九华⼭ Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉⼭Mount Emei泰⼭ Mount Tai黄⼭ Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate⼤运河 Grand Canal护城河the Moat回⾳壁Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi⼗三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley⽇⽉潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace⿎楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐⼭⼤佛 Leshan Giant Buddha⼗⼋罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine 《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi,s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神农本草经》Shennong,s Herbal Classic《本草纲⽬》Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feeling the pulse五禽戏 five-animal exercises旧⽯器时代 the Paleolithic Age新⽯器时代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age母系⽒族社会 matriarchal clan society封建的feudal朝代 dynasty秦朝 Qin Dynasty汉朝 Han Dynasty唐朝 Tang Dynasty宋朝 Song Dynasty元朝 Yuan Dynasty明朝 Ming Dynasty清朝 Qing Dynasty秦⼠台皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉⾼祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty成吉思汗Genghis Khan春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period⽂成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi皇帝,君主 emperor; monarch诸侯vassal皇妃 imperial concubine丞相,宰相 prime minister太监 court eunuch少数民族 ethnic minority祭祀 offer sacrifices西域 the Western Regions战国 the Warring States中华⽂明 Chinese civilization⽂明的摇篮 cradle of civilization秦始皇统⼀中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鸦⽚战争the Opium War 太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898⾟亥⾰命 the 1911 Revolution新民主主义⾰命 New-democratic Revolution五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising918 事变 September 18th Incident长征 the Long March西安事变 Xi"an Incident南京⼤屠杀Nanjing Massacre抗⽇战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan⽑泽东 Mao Tse-tong孙中⼭ Sun Yat-sen蒋介⽯ Chiang Kai-shek国民党 Kuomingtang中华⼈民共和国 the People’s Republic of China (PRC)满族 Manchu蒙古⼈Mongol⼠⼤夫 scholar-officials学者 scholar诗⼈ poet政治家statesman社会地位social statu。

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怎么翻译中华文明的核心词
2014-12-15 翻译教学与研究
对我的同事们在翻译时几乎完全抛弃中文原意而采用外国表达的做法,我经常感到困惑不解。

就当下而言,即使是最有教养的西方人都没有听说过“ren”(仁),“datong”(大同),“tianxia”(天下)和“tianren he yi”(天人合一)。

在我看来,目前中国最大的挑战,不仅在于在自由、经济和人力资源等方面与西方国家的竞争,也在于能否用中国人的方式重新参与世界历史,在此过程中,使用中国术语是通往这个目标的必由之路。

子曰:“名不正,则言不顺”。

但现在几乎所有表述中国思想词汇的国际标准译法都采用了意思相近的西方术语。

这样做,事实上扭曲了这些词汇的原本含义。

中国并不是现代历史上第一个“崛起”的国家,但却是唯一一个其语言不采用字母符号的国家。

到目前为止,中国还依赖于两种西方的罗马拼音系统:韦氏拼音和汉语拼音。

虽然有一些中国的概念,比如“Yin Y ang”(阴阳)和“Kungfu”(功夫)被西方语言吸收并被他们的人民所接受,但这仅是一些特例,目前并没有一种规范的语言翻译法则来促进中国术语在国外的使用,尤其是在科学和人文领域中。

在国内的英文刊物中,也没有想要使用中国术语的普遍意愿。

的确,中国政府创建了“汉办”,在世界范围内的主要文化中心建立了“孔子学院”,但是他们只教授中文,并不推广中国术语。

我们必须认识到:西方世界创造了很多东西,但并不是一切。

在西方文化中,可以说完全不存在“rishi”(仙人)、“Buddha”(佛)或者“shengren”(圣人)的概念;但是中国学生却被灌输西方世界的“saints”(圣人)和“philosophers”(哲学家)的概念,不仅中国,甚至整个亚洲社会皆是如此。

对我的同事们在翻译时几乎完全抛弃中文原意而采用外国表达的做法,我经常感到困惑不解。

比方说,“麒麟”该怎么说?我们就叫它“unicorn”(独角兽)吧;“龙”,又该怎么说?嗯,就叫它“dragon”(龙)吧!就像“熊猫”是中国特有的动物,但众所周知,西方人却叫它“panda”(熊猫)。

当然,神话动物的误译不过是无害的损失。

但是,中国在社会科学和人文领域中几乎没有一个词幸免于难。

例如,“文明”被译成
“civilization”而非“wenming”;“大学”,被译成“university”而非“daxue”;“圣人”,被译成“sage”或者“philosopher”。

但事实上它们的含义其实并不一样。

就如同中国的政治理论在国外被称作“Socialism with Chinese characteristics”(中国特色社会主义)。

如果所有的中国历史学家都为了迎合西方权威而简单地在西方概念之前增加一个“Chinese”(中国式),比如“Chinese capitalism”(中国式资本主义),“Chinese philosophy”(中国哲学)等等,那么外国人还有什么理由来关心文化中国的传承呢?
是时候了,中国应当把“文化财产权利”看得与领土和海洋权利一样重要。

一个概念的发明者或者命名者往往具有很大优势。

德国人把它叫做“Deutungshoheit”,意思是拥有给思想定义的主权。

让我们认清这样一个现实——现在的西方就希望用西方的方式谈论他们自己,而不是用中国的方式。

伊斯兰世界有他们独特的词汇如Ayatollahs(阿亚图拉),Imams (伊玛目),bazaars(集市),kebabs(烤肉串);而印度教世界里也有独有的词汇如dharma(佛法),karma(因果报应),yoga(瑜伽)和avatar(降凡)等等。

他们都在丰富作为世界语言的英语词汇方面远远领先于中国。

未来的世界语言势必将接纳并吸收成千上万的非欧洲概念到其语言体系中,而这是一个渐进的过程。

我们不能要求所有的美国人和欧洲人都学习中文,但是我们需要做的是向西方广大的民众普及一些重要的中国概念。

就当下而言,即使是最有教养的西方人都没有听说过“ren”(仁),“datong”(大同),“tianxia”(天下)和“tianren he yi”(天人合一)。

西方的民众也和世界其他人民一样具有好奇心。

如果给他们看中文词汇,他们也会去翻字典,熟悉并消化这些词汇。

他们不再会称“君子”为“gentleman”,或是德文的“Edler”,而是称他们为“junzi”。

很明显,如果中国不把她的专属词汇摆到台面上来,所谓文明之间的对话,将永远是西方的独白。

没人希望发生这种情况。

相反,连人文领域的学者们现在也都具备了科学的头脑,他们希望在不同的文化里找到不可以翻译的概念并且吸收它们。

综上所述,学习了中国璀璨的文化传统和博大精深的文字术语后,我心存感念并十分敬畏。

因此我希望中国政府和人民能够有足够的远见和自信,携手将中国概念和它们的正确名称推介给全世界的观众。

(作者为德国人,现为北京大学高等人文研究院研究人员)。

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