主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
被动语态讲解(1)主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
初中被动语态语法讲解主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be 有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends 是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant 一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。
英语语法：主动语态变被动语态的一些方法
英语语法：主动语态变被动语态的一些方法主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常能够省略：The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。
(2) 在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：The students will study the problem.→The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.→The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：(1) 有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物) 变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词相关)。
比较：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.(2) 有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.(3) 有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. → I was an swered that question by him.3. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相对应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能够完成的。
主动语态改被动语态的方法
主动语态改被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。
如：He gave the boy anapple．→The boy was given anapple．（或Anapplewas given to the boy．）Her father bought her a present．→She wasbought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by herfather．）3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。
如：They watched the children sing that morning．→The childrenwere watched to sing that morning．4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。
如：We call him Xiao Wang．→He iscalled Xiao Wang．He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut sh ort．They toldhim to help me．→He was told to help me．5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。
如：We must take good care of the young trees．→The youngtrees must be taken good care of．6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。
高中英语被动语态学习口诀
高中英语被动语态学习口诀
以下是分享的高中英语被动语态学习口诀，一起来看看吧。
被动语态的学习是中学阶段英语的一项重点内容，又是难点的语法工程，近几年的高考题里，年年都少不了有它的“足迹”或“影子”。
关于被动词态的构成，可用以下口诀帮助记忆：被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。
“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。
原句假设是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。
“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。
“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最满意。
唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要留神。
原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。
情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。
如假设“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。
“短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。
不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要成认。
被动语态(主动和被动语态的转换)
基本转换被动语态主动和被动语态的转换转换方式：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋动词的过去分词done”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
例句：Ironman hits Spiderman every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。
转换方式：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词和副词。
例句：He always takes care of his sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His sister is always taken care of by him.带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态转换方式：变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
例句：All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.双宾语改为被动语态转换方式：谓语动词带双宾语时，既可将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。
方式一：若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；方式二：若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。
例句：He gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。
→She was given some books by him.（间接宾语转化主语）→Some books were given her by him.（直接宾语转化为主语）主动结构表示被动含义1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义，用来描述主语特征。
如何把主动语态变为被动语态
如何把主动语态变为被动语态被动语态是英语语法中常用的句子结构之一，用于将主动语态中的动作的承受者放在句子的主语位置。
本文将介绍如何将主动语态变为被动语态，并提供一些相关的例句和用法说明，帮助读者更好地理解和应用被动语态。
一、被动语态的基本结构及构成方法被动语态的基本句子结构为“主语 + 动词的被动形式 + 动作的承受者”。
被动形式由助动词“be”加上动词的过去分词构成。
1.当主动语态中的动词是及物动词时，即需要一个宾语的动词，可以通过以下方法将其改写为被动语态：- 将动词的宾语变为主语，原主语变为介词“by”的宾语；-将原动词变为其过去分词形式；- 在被动形态中需要加上助动词“be”的正确形式。
举例说明：- 主动语态：Tom eats an apple.（汤姆吃了一个苹果）- 被动语态：An apple is eaten by Tom.（一个苹果被汤姆吃了）2.当主动语态中的动词是不及物动词时，即不需要宾语的动词，可以通过以下方法将其改写为被动语态：-将动词的主语变为被动句的主语；-将原动词变为其过去分词形式；- 在被动形态中需要加上助动词“be”的正确形式。
举例说明：- 主动语态：The sun shines brightly.（太阳明媚地照耀着）- 被动语态：Brightly is shone by the sun.（明媚地被太阳照耀着）3.当主动语态中的动词是及物动词，会同时有直接宾语和间接宾语时，可以通过以下方法将其改写为被动语态：- 将动词的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语变为介词“by”的宾语；-将原动词变为其过去分词形式；- 在被动形态中需要加上助动词“be”的正确形式。
举例说明：- 主动语态：I gave him a book.（我给了他一本书）- 被动语态：He was given a book by me.（他被我给了一本书）二、被动语态的用法和注意事项1.突出动作的承受者。
被动语态可以突出动作的承受者，使其在句子中成为重点。
被动语态及主动变被动规则
被动语态
1(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.如,He wrote the book in 1980.
(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如,The book is written by him in 1981.
2.被动语态的结构:be+及物动词的过去分词. 如,The room must be kept clean.
3.被动语态的用法:当不知道谁是动作的执行者时,或者必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态.如,English is spoken in America. 二主动语态变被动语态:
1.My mom allowed me to go out.-----I was allowed to go out by my mom.
2.Tom should speak English in class.-----English should be spoken by Tom in class.
3.He has kept(借) the books for two weeks .--The books have been kept by him for two weeks.
4.He has taught us since 1980.---We have been taught by him since 1980.。
被动语态考点
被动语态中考考点主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾放by后(常可省)，谓照上表变。
注：三个一致：主被动句时态一致，句式一致，主谓单复数一致。
考点二：短语(带to的动词不定式作宾语)ask sb. to do变被动sb. be asked to do sth.（类似用法的词还有tell, invite, choose, encourage, allow, teach等等）Ex: The teacher teaches us to swim.变为被动句We are taught to swim by the teacher.考点三：短语(省略to的动词不定式作宾语)make sb. do sth. 变被动sb. be made to do sth.（类似用法的动词还有：一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让let, make,have,四看see, watch, look at, notice.）口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。
Ex: The boss made the workers work all day 变为被动句The workers were made to work all day by the boss.考点四：短语（带双宾语，表‘人’的是间宾，表‘物’的是直宾。
）give sb. sth. 变被动sb. be given sth. 或者give sth. to sb. 变被动sth. be given to sb.(类似后接to的词还有：pass, sell, lend, bring, offer, show, send, tell, ask, write, teach等等。
) buy sb. sth. 变被动sb. be bought sth. 或者buy sth. for sb. 变被动sth. be bougth for sb.(类似后接for的词还有：make（做）,get（买）, draw（画）, cook等等)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般‘人’放钱，若把‘物’放前，‘人’前加to /for连。
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
主动语态变被动语态记忆⼝诀主动语态变被动语态记忆⼝诀⼀般情况要熟记，“be+过去分词”常⽤起，过去现在只变be,将来时态更易记，前⾯⽤上will/would 即，情态动词⼤家族，写在其前就完毕，完成时态不难记，have/had been + 过去分词，进⾏时态要留意，be being + 过去分词，特殊情况要⼼细，感官、使役to 提起，⼀般现、过⽤be done，be有⼈称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
⼀般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进⾏⽆被动，shall (will) be doing,现在完成进⾏同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进⾏be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，⼀律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问⼀助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
⼀般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第⼆句"be有⼈称、时、数变"即be有⼈称、时态和单、复数的变化。
"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等⼀律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
"疑问⼀助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第⼀助动词之后或把第⼀助动词置于主语之前。
下⾯详细举例说明之。
⼀般现、过⽤be done, be有⼈称、时、数变例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩⼦们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.⼈们认为他很有才华。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。
(2)在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：The students will study the problem.→The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.→The roo f is being repaired by a friend of ours.2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：(1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。
比较：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。
→ A watch was bought for h er. / She was bought a watch.(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.(3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.3. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
主动语态变被动语态的口诀
被动语态的口诀是：主动句宾语当主语，动词变be，主语宾语位置调换。
这个口诀的意思是，在将主动语态变为被动语态时，需要将主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，将动词改为be动词的相应形式，同时调换主语和宾语的位置。
例如，将主动句 "He eats an apple." 变为被动句时，按照口诀的步骤进行变换："An apple is eaten by him."
这个口诀的分析是：
1. "主动句宾语当主语"：在被动句中，主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
这是被动句的一个特点，强调动作的承受者或受影响的对象。
2. "动词变be"：将主动句中的动词改为be动词的相应形式。
be动词包括am, is, are, was, were等形式，根据主语的单复数和时态来选择相应的形式。
3. "主语宾语位置调换"：将主动句中的主语和宾语的位置进行调换，使宾语成为被动句的主语。
通过这个口诀，可以帮助记忆和应用被动语态的变换规则。
被动语态的用法和主动句变被动句
练
习
[9]. Children should ___. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of 固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的 介词或副词
二、常见语态转换 （一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态 1.Lucy bought some fruit. was______ bought _____ by Lucy. Some fruit _____ 2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers ___ are _______ watered ____ by Uncle Wang every day. 3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? built in 1998? ____ the bridge _____ Was 4.When did Lu Xun write these books? written ____ by Lu Xun? When _____these books _______ were 5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm. aren’t _____ grown on the farm. Apples _____ 6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday. wasn’t________ cleaned yesterday. The classroom _______ 小结： 1、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定_____ _______永不 be 形 是关键，过去分词 变。 主动时态 2、Be的时态由_______________ 确定；be的单/复数由____________ 被动主语 确定。 be 后加not. 3、问句提前__________; 否定________ be动词
2024年中考英语一轮复习被动语态的构成用法注意点考点总结(讲义)
2024届九年级中考英语一轮复习【语法专题】被动语态的构成、用法注意点考点总结（讲义）九年级英语教研室整理两种语态英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。
什么是主动语态和被动语态？主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
各种被动语态的构成1.一般现在时态的被动语态：am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时态的被动语态：was /were +动词的过去分词3、情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词4.一般将来时态的被动语态：will be +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时态的被动语态：have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.过去完成时态的被动语态：had been+动词的过去分词7.现在进行时态的被动语态：am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词主动语态变被动语态【背诵口诀】宾语变主语，主语变宾语，谓语动词变be done ,主动被动时态不变化。
【注意】❤️1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
❤️2.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
同步训练：1.I broke the glass just now.2.Cats usually eat mice.3.Thousands of people plant many trees every year.4.Students have not cleaned the classroom yet.5.Eric shared his delicious cakes with his friends.6.Mo Yan will write a new book in three years.7.My father played cards on the Internet this morning．8.Workers have built two plastic factories so far ．9.He gave me an EnglishEnglish dictionary．【两种】10.He speaks a liitle English and French．11.We saw the teacher enter the classroom happily．12.His jokes made the girl laugh．13.We should take care of the old men well．14.She has run out of her money．15.You must turn off the light before going to bed．参考答案1. The glass was broken just now by me.2. Mice are usually eaten by cats.3.Many trees are planted by thousands of people every year.4.The classroom has not been cleaned yet by students.5.His delicious cakes were shared with his friends by Eric.6.A new book will be written in three years by Mo Yan.7.Cards were played on the Internet by my father this morning．8.Two plastic factories have been built by workers so far．9.（1）I was given an EnglishEnglish dictionary by him．（2）An EnglishEnglish dictionary was given to me by him．10.A little English and French are spoken by him.11.The teacher was seen to enter the classroom happily by us．12.The girl was made to laugh by his jokes．13.The old men should be taken care of well by us.14.Her money has been run out of by her.15.The light must be turned off before going to bed by you．特殊情况被动语态（1)带双宾语的被动语态动词+ sb(间接宾语) +sth(直接宾语)背诵口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。
8种时态的被动语态
动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态被动语态的基本结构：Be + done（过去分词）1、一般现在时：（主动语态）I help you.发出者动词承受者变为被动语态：Do——am/is/are doneYou are helped by me.承受者谓语发出者2、一般过去时的被动：did——was/were done（I helped you.-每个例子可让学生自己先尝试变被动，再给答案）3、一般将来时的被动：Will do——will be done（I will help you.-）4、现在进行时的被动：Am/is/are doing ——Am/is/are being done（I am helping you.-）5、过去进行时的被动：Was/were doing——Was/were being done（I was helping you.-）6、现在完成时的被动：Have done——have been done （I have helped you.-）7、过去完成时的被动：Had done——had been done （I had helped you.-）8、过去将来时的被动：Would do ——would be done （I would help you.-）答案：2、You were helped by me.3、You will be helped by me.4、You are being helped by me.5、You were being helped by me.6、You have been helped by me.7、You had been helped by me.8、You would be helped by me.。
主动语态变被动语态
变被动语态的步骤
1.看结构 2.找宾语 3.通过时态定语态
练习一下：
1. We haven’t cleaned the windows for weeks. 2.You gave up the plan.
3. The boys looked down upon the poor girl.
4. You need clean the classroom every day. 5. People make use of the new invention.
pay attention to; make use of; make friends with; take care of; take notice of;…
不及物动词+介词+宾语
He looks after his sister. His sister is looked after by him.
主动语态变被动语态
五种简单的基本句式
主语+谓语 主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 主语+宾语+宾语+宾补
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+及物动词+宾语 主语+及物动词+副词+宾语 主语+及物动词短语+宾语 主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语 主语+情态动词+谓语+宾语
A. treat B. are treating √ are treated D. had C. been treated 4. The church tower which ____ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored
主动语态变被动语态
主动语态变被动语态一.被动语态的结构：“be+p.p（及物动词的过去分词)。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
二、在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：1找宾语----即动作的承受者。
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2 把原句的谓语动词变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)3 判断原句宾语的单复数----决定be动词的单复数4由原句动词的时态决定be动词的时态。
5把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。
例如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made （by them）in the factory.三感官动词:see/watch/feel/hear/notice sb. do sth.使役动词:let/have/make sb.do sth.这些动词后接动词不定式作宾补省去“to”，在被动语态中应加上“to”They make us do all the work.We are made to do all the work by them.I saw him walk to school.He was seen to walk to school by me.四、含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。
一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to（tell send bring show give teach pass lend），有时加for（get 、buy 、make）。
被动语态
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一 个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 保留宾语 I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如 上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody. 6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在 被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语 动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They haven't done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看， 即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语 改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
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主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般情况要熟记，“be+过去分词”常用起，过去现在只变be,将来时态更易记，前面用上will/would 即，情态动词大家族，写在其前就完毕，完成时态不难记，have/had been + 过去分词，进行时态要留意，be being + 过去分词，特殊情况要心细，感官、使役to 提起，一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends 是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态) 这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.被动：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.核能已用来发电。
7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.被动：He has never been beaten at tennis.就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。
但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。
Today is Cilia's wedding [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"]day[/font], she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
过去完成时也是一样：主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。
我问他们为啥这么于。
他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December.被动： By last December three ships had been built by them.到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。