表语从句和宾语从句
宾语从句和表语从句要点归纳
宾语从句和表语从句一、宾语从句要点归纳★宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
★that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。
但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。
如：My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.★whether和if都意为“是否”，通常情况下，二者都可以引导宾语从句；但在介词之后或与or not连用时，只能用whether。
注意：当whether与or not 不连在一起时，口语中可用if取代whether，当然也可以用whether。
如：I don't know if / whether there will be trains any more. They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.I don't know whether or not I should take his advice.I'm not sure if / whether the train will arrive on time o r not.★有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句后置。
如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with var ious difficult problems.★在第一人称I / we与动词think, expect, believe, guess, suppose等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。
如：I don't suppose you're used to this diet.二、表语从句要点归纳★表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
必修三-unit3宾语表语从句以及表语从句
名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。
因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if 〔不充当从句的任何成分〕连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why一、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
句子结构：主句+连词〔引导词〕+ 宾语从句1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如：I realize( that )I'm in charge and that everybody accepts my leadership.We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“〔should〕+ 动词原形”。
例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever,等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
高中英语知识点归纳宾语从句与表语从句的区别
高中英语知识点归纳宾语从句与表语从句的区别宾语从句和表语从句是英语语法中两个重要的从句类型。
尽管它们在形式和用法上有些相似，但它们之间存在着明显的区别。
本文将对宾语从句和表语从句进行详细归纳和比较分析。
宾语从句（Object Clauses）宾语从句是一个句子，被用作主句中的宾语。
它通常回答了主句中的动词或介词所问的疑问。
通常有三种类型的宾语从句：陈述句型、疑问句型和祈使句型。
以下是宾语从句的特点和用法：1. 宾语从句常常由连接词引导，如that、whether、if等。
例句：He asked me whether I had finished my homework.2. 宾语从句中的谓语动词常按照陈述句的语序来构造，即主语+谓语（不需要使用助动词do/does/did）。
例句：She told us that she was going to study abroad.3. 宾语从句不加标点符号与主句隔开。
例句：I don't know if I can attend the party.4. 宾语从句可以出现在动词宾语的位置，也可以出现在介词宾语的位置。
例句：I believe that he is telling the truth.They are discussing whether to go on a trip.表语从句（Predicate Nomination Clauses）表语从句用来说明主语的身份、状态、特点等，并与系动词（如be、seem、appear等）连用，充当系动词的宾语。
以下是表语从句的特点和用法：1. 表语从句通常由连接词引导，如that、whether等。
例句：His dream is that he becomes a successful businessman.2. 表语从句中的谓语动词与主从句的主语保持一致。
例句：The problem is that we have run out of time.3. 表语从句不加标点符号与主句隔开。
高中英语语法——表语从句和宾语从句(50张PPT)
3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:
• I don’t know whether he’s free or not. • Mary asked whether I was doing my homework
2.He said (that) _h_e__m_i_s_se_d__u_s_v_e_r_y_m__u_c_h__.
3.The teacher told us (that) _t_h_e_e_a_r_t_h_m__o_v_e_s_ __a_r_o_u_n_d__th_e__s_u_n__.
that——不能省略的3种情况
4. Could you tell me_w__h_e_th__er_(_i_f)_M__r_L__i _li_v_e_s_h_e_r_e?
只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况
1. 在介词后面： • I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. • We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.
I want to know ___i_f _(w__h_e_th__er_)__h_e_w_i_l_l _g_o_t_o t_h_e_p__a_rk__w_i_t_h_u_s__.
2. Ask him __w__h_e_t_h_e_r_(_if_)_h_e_c_a_n__c_o_m_e___.
3. I wonder _w__h_e_t_h_e_r_it__is_g_o_i_n_g__to__r_a_in__o_r_n_o_t.
宾语从句和表语从句的区别和联系
宾语从句和表语从句的区别和联系
二者的结构不同。
宾语从句的结构为主谓宾，表语从句的结构为主系表。
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。
其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。
故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
1表语从句
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how,whoever，whichever，whatever等。
还有如because,as if,as though等。
1.His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
2.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
2宾语从句
宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成分，口语中一般可以省略。
whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not；体的含义，意为“是否”。
if/whether不能省略。
宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,表语从句的详细讲解及例句
当我们学习语法时，我们常常会遇到几种从句，包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和表语从句。
下面逐个进行详细讲解，并给出相应的例句。
1. 宾语从句（Object Clause）：宾语从句用来做主句中的宾语。
它通常由连接词引导，如that, if, whether, what, where, who, whom, whose等。
例句：- I don't know what he wants.（我不知道他想要什么。
）- She asked if he could come to the party.（她问他是否能来参加派对。
）- They wonder where we are going.（他们想知道我们要去哪里。
）2. 状语从句（Adverbial Clause）：状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
它通常由连接词引导，如when, while, because, if, although, since等。
例句：- We will go hiking if the weather is good.（如果天气好，我们将去远足。
）- He studied hard until he passed the exam.（他学习努力直到通过考试。
）- Although it was raining, they still went out.（虽然下雨了，他们仍然出去了。
）3. 定语从句（Relative Clause）：定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词，对其进行限定或说明。
它通常由关系代词引导，如that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）- The person who is talking to Mary is my brother.（正在和玛丽说话的那个人是我哥哥。
名词性从句之宾语从句和表语从句
引导词
要点一
总结词
表语从句的引导词包括that、whether、what、who、 whose等。
要点二
详细描述
that是最常用的引导词，用于引导描述性或解释性的表语从 句，如"The fact is that we won the game."（事实是我们 赢了比赛）。whether用于引导表示选择或疑问的表语从句， 如"The question is whether we should go or stay."（问 题是我们要走还是留下）。what用于引导含有疑问代词的表 语从句，如"The problem is what we should do next." （问题是接下来我们应该做什么）。who和whose用于引导 含有疑问代词的表语从句，如"The question is who should be responsible for the project."（问题是应该由谁负责这 个项目）。
03 从句与主句的关系
主从关系
主句是整个句子的核心，从句作为主句的延伸或补充，对主句进行解释、说明或 修饰。
从句在句子中的位置通常紧跟在主句之后，用连词引导，如“that”、“what” 、“when”等。
嵌套关系
嵌套关系是指一个从句内部又包含另 一个从句，即从句中又套有另一个从 句。
嵌套从句通常用于表达复杂的概念或 描述某种逻辑关系，使句子更加丰富 和多样。
名词性从句之宾语从句 和表语从句
目录
Contents
• 宾语从句 • 表语从句 • 从句与主句的关系 • 从句的省略形式
01 宾语从句
定义
01
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种， 在句子中充当宾语成分。
宾语从句 定语从句 状语从句 表语从句
宾语从句定语从句状语从句表语从句
1.宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词的宾语，起补充说明的作用。
例如，“我无法决定我是否应该继续留在这家公司”中的“我决定是否应该继续留在这家公司”就是一个宾语从句。
2.定语从句：在句子中修饰某个名词或代词的从句。
例如，“这是一个我在花园里看到的令人震惊的美丽的玫瑰花”中的“我在花园里看到的”就是一个定语从句。
3.状语从句：用来描述主句动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等。
例如，“当他得知自己的朋友受伤后，他立即打电话给医生求助”中的“当他得知自己的朋友受伤后”就是一种状语从句，表示动作发生的时间。
4.表语从句：通常在复合句中作系动词的表语，它通常由一个陈述句的形式构成。
例如，“我认为他是个好人”中的“我认为”就是表语从句。
what宾语从句和主语从句 表语从句
what宾语从句和主语从句表语从句什么是宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句?宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句是汉语句子中的三种从句。
它们在句子中分别充当宾语、主语和表语的角色，起到对动作、状态或特征的补充说明的作用。
下面将分别对宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句进行详细的介绍和阐述。
一、宾语从句(Object Clause)1.定义宾语从句是指在复合句中充当主句的宾语的从句。
它由引导词引导，紧跟在主句动词之后，用来说明主句的动作行为的对象或接受者。
宾语从句可以由连词“是”、“的”、“可以”、“能”、“必须”、动词“说”、“认为”、“知道”、“想”、“看见”、“听到”、“感觉”等引导。
2.示例宾语从句的引导词常见的有：“从而”、“以致”、“从而”、“以至于”、“直到”、“不知道”、“知道”、“看见”、“听到”、“知道”、“想”、“记得”、“告诉”等。
下面是一些宾语从句的例子：-他告诉我，他想出国留学。
-她问我，你喜不喜欢她。
-我没听清楚他说了什么。
-你会说英语吗?-请告诉我，你们在哪里。
二、主语从句(Subject Clause)1.定义主语从句是指在复合句中充当主句主语的从句。
它在句子中的作用相当于名词性的主语，用来说明或介绍主句中的主语。
主语从句通常由连接代词、连接副词或连接连词引导。
2.示例主语从句的引导词常见的有：“谁”、“哪些”、“哪一个”、“什么”、“怎么”、“为什么”、“是否”等。
下面是一些主语从句的例子：-他们为什么要离开?-什么是幸福?-你是谁?-是否外卖服务费需要另外付费?三、表语从句(Predicative Clause)1.定义表语从句是指在复合句中充当主句的表语的从句。
它由系动词(如“是”)引导，用来说明主语所具备的特征、性质、状态或身份等。
表语从句通常由连接代词或连接副词引导。
2.示例表语从句的引导词常见的有：“是”、“怎么样”、“如何”、“好像”、“变成”、“成为”等。
下面是一些表语从句的例子：-成功与否取决于你的努力。
英语六大从句
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句；后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句 Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.第一部分一.、定义：宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语.二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which 指事）,who 指人）1．从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2．从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换. 3．从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.★当who为主语时,句式为：who+谓语+其他判断时态情况：1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时 “主将从现”）例题：〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿B＿＿round.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are 答案为B,属于第二种情况.宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后；Tell him which class you are in ．(1)主、从句时态一致：主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时；He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需；He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时；He told me that he was born in 1980.2）否定前移,及完成反意问句；在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.（注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称）I don't think you are right ,are you ?3）在表示建议suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用 should）+v． 虚拟语气）eg．I suggested that you should）study hard．4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．5）宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略. eg．I believe that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter．B．当it作形式宾语时eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．C．当宾语从句前置时eg．That our team will win,I believe．三、分类A 、作动词的宾语:eg．I heard the newsI 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句B 、作介词的宾语:eg．He said nothing about this plan .He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起.连接词有：that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.五、注意：A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4.同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句.其关联词多为that.5.定语从句 Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名 代）词之后,这种名 代）词就叫作先行词 Antecedent）.引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等）.关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语.①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句：The dog that/which was lost has been found. 失踪的狗已经找到了.）③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.例句：Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那一类人现在很少了.）④介词+which/whom/whose从句The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. 她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的.）⑤代/名+介词+which 从句He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（ 他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名.）⑥同位语从句和定语从句The news that you told me was really exciting. 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心.）⑦难句:NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员.）第二部分一、时态1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.二、宾语从句的几类连接词：①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句：I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句：Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例句：I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.★动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句：Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句：I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替例句：We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.五、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例句：I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句：I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.九、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句：I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.例句：We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?十、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时,细分为一下几种情况：①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生例句：I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前例句：He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后例句：The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句：The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首例句：Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来 下面这个材料供参考）：一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words消息）,possibility等.如：I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等.（ 注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.that在从句中不充当任何成份.）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.1) 非独立的同位语：常出现在被限定词前Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙Graf Schmidt (称号,浑名) 施密特伯爵Doktor Wang (职称,头衔) 王博士Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学。
宾语从句和表语从句
宾语从句和表语从句宾语从句1. 定义：在动词后面充当宾语的句子。
2. 陈述句用that引导，可以省略，He thought (that) the war was a terrible thing.3. 一般疑问句用if/ whether 引导，用陈述句语序，I wonder if/ whether he can come tomorrow.4. 特殊疑问句用陈述句语序或用疑问词加动词不定式构成I want to know whose coat that is.5. 在含有复合宾语的结构中，宾语如果是从句常放在补语之后，而用it作形式宾语I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.表语从句1.定义：位于连系动词之后做表语的句子2.that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略3.引导表语从句时必须用that的情况a.主语是表示结果的名词the result 时，The result is that many of them become fat.b.主语是表示原因的名称the reason时，The reason was that I was too busy.c.由why 引导的从句作主语时，Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather wastoo bad.d.在固定句型，the truth is that中4.if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether，The question is whether it is true or not.5.连词because引导表语从句通常只用于This/ That/ It is because 的结构中；as if/ as though引导表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，The elephant feels as if/ though he were a wall.。
宾语从句和表语从句
宾语从句和表语从句Debbie区别表语和宾语•表语也叫补语，是主语补足语，对主语进行补充说明。
表语跟系动词连用，构成系表结构。
•She is a student.•is 是系动词，所以a student是表语。
•She likes the student.•likes 是实义动词，所以the student 是宾语。
•表语跟宾语的主要区别：区别实义动词和系动词•常用的连系动词：•1表示状态存在的词：be，感官动词（look、smell、sound、feel、taste）、seem、appear等等。
•2、表示状态持续的词：keep、prove、stay、remain、turn （out）等等。
•3、表示状态转变的词：become，come、fall、get、grow、make等等•The borscht tastes marvelous。
（这罗宋汤尝起来味道太好了。
）•She looks nice.（她看起来漂亮极了）•The leaves are turning brown.(树叶在变黄)•It’s getting late.(天色渐晚了)•实义动词：表示实际意义和动作的动词•They owns all the cars.•He cooks good meals.•宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语通常指及物动词的承受者，是动词直接涉及的人或者物。
而间接宾语表示动作是对谁或者为谁而做。
•直接宾语和间接宾语：•He offered Peter a job。
•He offered a job to Peter.•My friend present me a necklace.•My friend present a necklace to me.•表语和宾语的区分：•1.The lady will make a doctor.•(这位女士将成为一名博士)•2.The boy will make a model plane.•（这个男孩儿将做一个飞机模型）•The lady 跟doctor的关系，doctor是对the lady的一个补充说明，而model plane跟the boy 并不是补充和北说明的关系，model plane只是make （制作）这个动词的宾语。
宾语从句和表语从句的用法
是否
….的样子
…的地方
1.作动词的宾语
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
• is 是系动词，所以 a student是表语。
• likes 是实义动词，所以the student 是宾语
•常用的连系动词： •1表示状态存在的词：be， 感官动词（look、smell、sound、feel、taste），seem、appear等等。 •2、表示状态持续的词：keep、prove、stay、 remain、turn （out）等等。 •3、表示状态转变的词：become，come、fall、get、grow、make等等。
3)what I want to know what he has told you.
4)副词类 Where when why how
5.虚拟语气 下列动词Advise suggest propose insist order command prefer request require 后的宾语从句中谓语用Should +do/be done They suggested that I should have a rest. 比较His pale face suggested that he was ill. He advised that the work should be started early. Tom insisted that he ___(be) right and _____ ______(not punish).
宾语从句和表语从句
It sounds a good idea.
（系动词） （表语）
（表语）
宾语从句
复习直接引语转换成间接引语
The Object Clause
1. He said, “I can’t finish the work.” He said that he couldn’t finish the work. 2. She asked, “What is mother doing?” She asked what mother was doing. 3. He asked, “Is it your bag?” He asked whether it was your bag. 4. She said, “Why did he go away ?” He asked why he had gone away.
2. 从句部分要用陈述语序；主句和从句 的时态要保持一致。
表语从句
The Predicative Clause
Translating practice 翻译练习
1. 那就是为什么他开会迟到了。
This is why he was late for the meeting.
2. 我的问题是如何才能得到那笔钱。
It sounds as if/though somebody
was knocking at the door.
Practise 练 一 练
语序问题
1.The photographs will show you ____. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
宾语从句和表语从句
What is noun clause？
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾 语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就 叫名词性从句。
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)
名
词
宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)
I know who he is .
引导词
• 从属连词：that，whether，if
• 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, which
• 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
moving party.
2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下 不能省略：
（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾 语时，第二个that不能省；
（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。
（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
• Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
4. I hear they __________
(return) it
already.
1. He said that theyh_a_d__b_e__e_n_ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6. I didn’t know what time hew_r_o__t_e__ the
❖She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .
高中英语表语语从句和宾语从句的区别
高中英语表语语从句和宾语从句的区别1表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。
其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。
故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点①语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”这种形式。
②时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。
③连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
高中英语的标语从句需要注意的事项1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if例外)。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether，位于句首时要用whether 引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
宾语从句与表语从句
宾语从句与表语从句宾语从句宾语从句：在复合句中作句子宾语的从句。
任何宾语从句都有引导词；任何宾语从句都是陈述语序。
宾语从句既可以是：及物动词的宾语从句，如：He told us that they would help us through the whole work 也可以做介词的宾语从句，如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.宾语从句的类型：第一类：陈述句引导词为That(可以省略,只起到连接作用，在从句中不做成分)如：He knows (that) I’m a student. 他知道我是一名学生。
I must thank you (that) you help me do the work. 我必须谢谢你帮我做这个工作。
He knows (that) I’ll win the game. 他知道我将要赢得比赛。
第二类：疑问句引导词为whether或if (只起到连接作用，在从句中不做成分，但有意义翻译成“如果”)如：I don’t kno w whether he is a student. 我不知道他是否是一名学生。
I don’t know if he’ll come. 我不知道他是否将要来这。
第三类：特殊疑问句引导词为特殊疑问词（引导词在句中起连接作用，可在句中做主、宾、表、定语）如：I don’t know who will come here. (主语)I don’t know what he is.（表语）He’ll take back what I have said. （宾语）He’ll take back what book you read. （定语）注意1whether 和if 表示“是否”时的区别1. Whether可以用在各种名词性从句中，if 只能用在宾语从句和it 做形式主语时的主语从句中。
宾语从句跟表语从句
next Sunday.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
引导词种类
配人教版
英语
必修3
2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether
配人教版
英语
必修3
观察下列课本原句 The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. That's why we've given you the letter. 以上两句均为表语从句，位于主句中的连 系动词之后。
以上两句皆为宾语从句。宾语从句在复合 句中充当主句的宾语。
配人教版
英语
必修3
宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫 宾语从句。
句子结构：
主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
配人教版
英语
必修3
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有: 连词：that whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 1．宾语从句的种类
配人教版
英语
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注意：that作宾语从句的引导词时可省略， 但当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句 时，引导第二个和后面几个从句的 that 不可省 略；用 it 作形式宾语时， that 引导的宾语从句 中，that也不可省略。
五大从句结构
英语五大从句结构概述英语中，从句是指不能独立成句，而需要依附于主句的句子。
从句可以在句子中担任不同的成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
根据从句的功能，可以将从句分为五大类，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
本文将介绍这五大从句的基本概念、结构和用法，并给出一些例句和练习题，帮助读者掌握从句的用法和特点。
主语从句定义主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句。
主语从句通常位于谓语动词之前，有时也可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放在谓语动词之后。
引导词主语从句常由以下词引导：连接词：that（有时可省略）疑问代词：who, what, which, whose疑问副词：when, where, why, howwhether/if（是否）结构主语从句有两种结构：主语从句+谓语动词+其他成分it+谓语动词+其他成分+主语从句用法主语从句可以用在以下情况：一般陈述句中，如：What he said is true.（他说的是真的。
）Whether he will come is not clear.（他是否会来还不清楚。
）it is/was+形容词+that...结构中，如：It is important that we should learn English well.（我们应该学好英语，这很重要。
）It was strange that he didn't come to the party.（他没来参加聚会，这很奇怪。
）it is/was+名词+that...结构中，如：It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转是一个事实。
）It was a pity that you missed the concert.（你错过了音乐会，真是遗憾。
）it +动词+that...结构中，如：It seems that he is not interested in the project.（看起来他对这个项目不感兴趣。
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8. I don’t think he is right—否定主句 还是否定从句
1). 如果主句谓语动词表示的是 “认为， 相信， 猜测，觉得”等概念时，否定词需要转移到主句 谓语动词上，从句用肯定式。 I don’t believe he treated the child like that. I don’t suppose she likes the book. He didn’t feel that he was happy although he lived in a rich family. It doesn’t look like the weather will clear up. I never thought she would be so vain and ignorant. I couldn’t believe that he deserted his wife.
7. that 引导宾语从句时的省略
Agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate 等等，不省 略 Some economists and historians think ____ is a close connection between war and economic depression. A. when it B. there C. that it D. what
1. 作动词的宾语
1). 由that引导的宾语从句 I wish (that) she would understand me. Jim suggested that we go to the Rocky Mountains during the summer. He ordered that we should start at once. 2) 由what, when, why, which, how many, how much, who(m), whether(if)等引导的宾语从句 I don’t know what she has bought for father’s birthday. He wondered if the letter was miscarried. She explained that she came late. She explained why she came late.
表语从句
引导表语从句的关联词
1. 连接词：that, whether, because, as if, as though. 2. 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whomever, whosever 3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however.
The question is that he is also short of money. That is what I want to tell you. The problem is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not. That is why she left her hometown in her teens. That is where the battle took place. That is how they survived the winter.
4. 动词+it+that结构
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan. I found it strange that he has not come yet. I found it strange he has not come yet
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 原 因在于 The paper was perfect except that there were some misprints. 除了…… I would have come to see you but that I had something urgent to do then. 要不是…… I shall go notwithstanding that I am long delayed. 虽然……但是……
I admire that they won the match. I admire their winning the match. I saw that she left the room. × I saw her leave the room. 看见 I saw that she would not lend us money. 觉得 I saw that the light was still on in his room. 发现 He heard that business was on the upgrade. 听说 She does not like that the two boys play together. She does not like the two boys to play together. I want that he comes at once. I want him to come at once.
We hoped, in case that the mother could not be back, that the children would stay with us for the night. I wished (that) we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.
6.不可以that从句作直接宾语的动词
She forgave him that he had broken his promise. She forgave him for breaking his promise. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. He impressed the manager as an honest man. He advised that I should do it. ‘ He advised me to do it. Don’t blame me that I did not come on time. Don’t blame me for not coming on time. I envy her that she speaks English so well. I envy her speaking English so well. I congratulate you that you have succeeded. I congratulate you upon your success.
It looks 等后的表语从句
It seemed as if she didn’t have a friend in the world. It sounds to me as if he doesn’t know what to do. Remain, seem, appear, sound, feel等连系 动词
It may be because he’s not interested in it. The reason why (that) he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible. The reason he did not come is that he was ill.
My question is that …后的语气问题
主句的主语是request, order, suggestion, advice, requirement等等时，其后的表语从句要用 should型虚拟语气，should可省略。 My request is that he (should) make less noise. My suggestion is that we (should) appoint Roger as chairman of the committee. My advice is that she (should) not say anything to the press.
3). 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句 He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on. Advise, ask, assure, inform, promise, question, remind, show, tell, warn, teach 等等