考研英语历年翻译真题
考研英语翻译真题及译文归纳(2000-2010)
考研英语翻译真题及译文201046. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 参考翻译：科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.参考翻译：但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。
48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.参考翻译：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。
曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.参考翻译：在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护。
真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译-
【真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译（2020年Text1）英语二第一段①Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.②To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.翻译译文：老鼠等动物需要对同类发出的社交信号高度敏感，这样它们才能分辨哪些是可以合作的朋友，哪些是应该避开的敌人。
为弄清这一敏感性是否在面对非生命物体时仍适用，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的拉蕾·奎因及其同事进行了一项试验，观察老鼠是否能够感知机器鼠发出的社交信号。
第二段①They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for four days.②The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.翻译译文：研究人员让8只成年鼠与2只不同类型的机器鼠——一只爱社交，一只不合群——共处一室4天。
这两只机器鼠外形相当简约抽象，就像矮胖版的电脑鼠标，靠轮子四处移动，带有鲜艳的标记。
考研翻译测试题及答案
考研翻译测试题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of science and technology has brought about significant changes in the way people live and work.答案：科学技术的快速发展已经给人们的生活和工作方式带来了重大的变化。
2. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, we need to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.答案：为了实现可持续发展的目标，我们需要在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡。
3. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote social equity and justice.答案：政府已经实施了一系列措施来促进社会公平和正义。
二、汉译英1. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了根本性的变化。
答案：With the widespread of the internet, the way people obtain information has undergone fundamental changes.2. 教育是提高国家竞争力的关键因素之一。
答案：Education is one of the key factors in enhancing a country's competitiveness.3. 保护环境是每个公民的责任。
答案：Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen.三、段落翻译1. The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. Social media platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information from around the world.答案：技术的进展已经彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语中的翻译部分一直是众多考生重点关注和努力攻克的对象。
通过对历年真题的研究和练习，能够让考生更好地把握命题规律，提升翻译能力。
以下为大家呈现部分考研英语翻译真题及答案，并对其进行详细的分析和讲解。
真题一：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities参考译文：几个世纪以来，在欧洲的大学里，对法律的研究一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。
然而，只是在最近几年，它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。
解析：这句话的翻译重点在于准确理解和处理一些词汇和短语。
“intellectual discipline”翻译为“知识学科”；“feature”在这里是“特色”的意思。
句子结构方面，“However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities”是一个倒装句，正常语序为“However, it has become a feature of undergraduate programsin Canadian universities only in recent years” 翻译时要注意调整语序，以符合中文的表达习惯。
真题二：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults参考译文：在与年轻人接触时，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格的影响，但在与成年人打交道时，就不那么容易忽视了。
考研英语一翻译真题汇总
考研英语一翻译真题汇总1.But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.该句式在结构上相对比较简单：前半部分是由even 引导的让步状语从句，后半部分则为 嵌套了signs的同位语从句，用来对signs 的内容进行解释说明：而在同位语从句中，从句内部的主语为 the global predominance of the language，谓语部分为 may fade;词汇方面predominance在之前的真题阅读中曾数次出现过，因此考生不会对该词陌生;再将其他的修饰成分进行语序调整，句子的大意就可以得出：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2.His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.该句式在结构上考察了结果状语从句结构 so...that...”句式。
句子的主干为His analysis should end any self-contentedness among those，而在其后跟着一个由who 引导的是个定语从句among those who ...additional languages capabilities，用以限定修饰前面的those。
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案翻译部分题目一：原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.翻译：技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
题目二：原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained optimistic and continued to work diligently towards their goals.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然保持乐观，并继续勤奋地朝着他们的目标努力。
题目三：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to address the environmental issues.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来解决环境问题。
题目四：原文：In recent years, the concept of sustainable developmenthas gained widespread attention.翻译：近年来，可持续发展的概念已经得到了广泛关注。
题目五：原文：The company's innovative approach to marketing has significantly increased its market share.翻译：公司在市场营销方面的创新方法显著增加了其市场份额。
题目六：原文：The research findings suggest that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health.翻译：研究发现，均衡饮食和定期锻炼对于维持良好的健康状况至关重要。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译真题及答案的题目是一个非常常见的题型，这类题型要求考生基于提供的英语原文，进行准确、流畅、连贯的中文翻译。
以下是一道考研英语翻译真题及答案的示例：原文：In 1968, astronaut William Anders took a photograph of Earth that became known as the famous "Earthrise" image. Shot from the Apollo 8 spacecraft as it orbited the moon, the photo shows a fragile Earth rising above the lunar horizon. It captured the attention and imagination of people around the world. Earthrise became the catalyst for the environmental movement and the inspiration behind Earth Day.翻译：1968年，宇航员威廉·安德斯拍摄了一张被称为“地球升起”（Earthrise）的著名照片。
这张照片是在阿波罗8号飞船围绕月球轨道运行时拍摄的，照片中展示了一个脆弱的地球从月球地平线升起的景象。
它引起了全世界人们的关注和想象力。
《地球升起》成为环保运动的催化剂，也激发了地球日的诞生。
这道题是一个较简单的翻译题，主要考察考生对英文句子和词汇的准确理解，并且要求用准确的中文表达出来。
写作时需要注意使用流畅、通顺的语句，以及书写整洁美观。
在实际考试中，可能会有更复杂的翻译题目，考生需要在较短的时间内完成准确的翻译。
因此，平时备考时可以多练习翻译练习题，并且注意积累相关的专业词汇和翻译技巧。
这样可以提高翻译速度和准确度，在考试中更有把握地完成翻译任务。
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编36(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编36(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)历史研究的方法论——1999年英译汉及详解【F1】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.【F2】Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.【F3】During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.【F4】There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method”, frequently fall victim to the”technicist fallacy”. Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.【F5】It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.1．【F1】正确答案：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
历年考研英语英译汉真题
历年考研英语英译汉真题1Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th- century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve- week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." Thecolonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here wasabundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编25(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编25(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.【F2】A plant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work. The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latest technology, but leave the majority of their workers behind.【F3】Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. One corporation economist says the growth of “machine job replacement” has been with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at the pace it is now. The human costs will be astonishing.【F4】”It’s humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts.” Some workers, like Jane Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers.【F5】The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old status and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they are luckier than those who never find it.【F6】The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary... that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys.【F7】But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labor,” Seymour says. He predicts most people will work only six-hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unem ployed is for now.【F8】Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.9．【F1】正确答案：她吃力地伏在显微镜上干活，手焊体积很小的电子计算机，每小时能焊好18个。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译cordial
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1. cordial['kɔ:djəl]a. 诚恳的，亲切的，热诚的[同义词]Sincere2. accord [ə'kɔ:d]vt. 授予，赠与，给予（欢迎、称颂等）vi./n. 一致，符合【同义词】award3. accordance[ə'kɔ:dəns]n. 一致，和谐，符合4. accordingly[ə'kɔ:diŋli]ad. 因此，从而；相应地，照着办，按照；于是，5. according to[ə'kɔ:diŋtu]prep. 据/照…（所说、所写）；按照…，视…【真题例句】According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas.（1998考研英语翻译）参考译文：按照这一理论，宇宙形成于一团亚微观的、密度相当大的纯能量团，它在向四面八方发散的过程中放出辐射线,浓缩成粒子，然后形成气体原子。
6. record [ri'kɔ:d, 'rekɔ:d]n.记录；最高记录；履历；唱片v. 记录；录音【同义词】disk file【真题例句】Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.（2007阅读2）参考译文:其他标准化测试，如学术评估测验（SAT）和研究生人学考试（GRE），都充分体现了IQ测试的主要特点。
考研英语真题翻译1990-2012打印版(附答案)
考研英语历年真题翻译部分(附答案，打印版)1990年 (2)1991年 (2)1992年 (3)1993年 (4)1994年 (4)1995年 (5)1996年 (5)1997年 (6)1998年 (6)1999年 (7)2000年 (8)2001年 (8)2002年 (9)2003年 (10)2004年 (10)2005年 (11)2006年 (11)2007年 (12)2008年 (13)2009年 (13)2010年 (14)2011年 (15)2012年 (15)真题翻译答案 (17)Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)1990年People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (21) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”(22) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (23) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (24) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (25) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (26) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (27) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (28) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.1991年The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (31) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at thepresent rate of use.(32) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.(33) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (34) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (35) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.1992年“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1993年(31) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (32) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (33) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (34) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-know n incident in one of Motiere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (35)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.1994年According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (31) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (32) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innum erable directions.”(33)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (34) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on theheavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (35)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1995年The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. (31) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (32 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (33) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(34) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.(35) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1996年The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 31）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32）This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33）This seemsmostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a val id determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34）However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to d eal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 35）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.1997年Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 31）Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.32）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “ I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.33）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.34）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh o ther’s interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.35）When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mank ind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1998年They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. Whatthe researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.34) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true1999年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)31）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequentl y partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.32）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 33）During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 34）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research in terests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technical fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.35）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticismof sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.2000年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］2001年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically。
(完整版)考研英语翻译历年真题
1、1994年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge。
(71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72)”In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions。
”(73）Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes ， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’ s role a t the start of the scientific revolution。
历年大学考研真题—英语翻译与写作
攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷一、Explain the following terms in Chinese.（共2题，每题10分，共计20分）1. 正反译法2．递降二、Answer the following question.(You may use both English and Chinese) （共1题，每题20分，共计20分）Giving examples to illustrate the use of antonomasia (借代) in translation .三、Translate the following phrases from Chinese into English and vice versa. （共10题，每题1分，共计10分）毛遂自荐小题大做打破僵局放下架子唱反调Walk off with something.Talk and laugh cheerfullyTalk at randomKeep a still tongue in one’s headAwait with great anxiety四、Translate the following Chinese passage into English.（共1题，每题25分，共计25分）停止住房实物分配，逐步实行住房分配货币化，是中国十年住房制度改革的重大突破。
根据国家不同的住房供应政策，最终将形成三类住房供应体系，即高收入者购买、租赁市场价商品住房；中低收入者购买经济适用房；最低收入者租用政府或单位提供的廉租住房，从而建立起以经济适用房为主的多层次城镇住房供应体系。
在此基础上。
中央要求各地从实际出发、从本地区经济发展的全局出发，合理确定住房补贴标准。
城镇居民则应做好准备，用20-25年时间拿出家庭收入的20%左右来购买住房。
五、Translate the following English passage into Chinese.（共1题，每题25分，共计25分）On their silver-wedding day Ashurst and his wife were motoring along the outskirts of the moor, intending to celebrate the festival by stopping the night at Torquay, where they had first met. This was the idea of Stella Ashurst, whose character contained a streak of sentiment.If she had long lost the blue-eye,flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom colouring which had so swiftly and so oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were。
考研英语翻译试题真题.doc
考研英语翻译试题真题历年考研英语翻译试题真题(一览)Section VII Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)1. 去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。
2. 他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。
3. 我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。
4. 很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。
5. 昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。
翻译Section VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)1. The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and favorable weather condition.2. The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.3. What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation.4. It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.5. If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved.Section VIII English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.(1) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(2) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.(3) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.(4) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders”with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”(5) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university.(6) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.(7) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.(8) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.翻译Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)1. 如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文1984年翻译真题及译文：The deadly yellow-fever mosquito, which has conquered the tropical world, was accidentally transplanted along with slaves from Africa to the Americas. It took more lives, especially of newcomers, during the building of the Panama Canal than had the yellow fever itself. In addition to building airports, highways, and irrigation canals, tropical man with his planes, trains, and ships, has created a massive world-wide transportation system that makes it possible for species to cross oceans, continents, and mountain ranges— all barriers to the dispersal (of insects). When Homo sapiens first went into Africa and then Out of Africa, the tropical jungle met him with an incredible profusion of plants, birds, insects, and other animals. Some of these organisms saw human beings as congenial hosts. Others recognized him as potential competition. The human animal responded with a series of ecological innovations. For example, early man learned how to use fire to defend his territory. But he could not cross the oceans, or climb sheer Ben Nevis or Mount Everest. And so, he left unexplored some of the best human habitats.翻译译文：致命的黄热病蚊子是被误运至美洲的非洲奴隶一同带来的，这种蚊子已征服了热带地区。
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译是考研英语中的一大难点，很多考生在备考过程中都会遇到困惑和挑战。
为了帮助考生更好地应对考研英语翻译，下面将介绍一些常见的翻译真题及答案，希望对考生有所帮助。
真题一：请将以下句子翻译成英文：中国改革开放以来，经济发展取得了巨大的成就。
答案：Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, remarkable achievements have been made in economic development.解析：这个句子是一个简单的陈述句，要求考生将其翻译成英文。
首先，考生可以通过理解句子的意思来确定翻译的方向。
句子中的“中国改革开放以来”可以翻译为“Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China”，“经济发展取得了巨大的成就”可以翻译为“remarkable achievements have been made in economic development”。
真题二：请将以下句子翻译成中文：The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences.答案：互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利。
解析：这个句子要求考生将其翻译成中文。
考生可以先理解句子的意思，然后将其翻译成中文。
句子中的“The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences”可以翻译为“互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利”。
真题三：请将以下句子翻译成英文：他的成功离不开他的努力和毅力。
考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析关于考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 1) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 2) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time, questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 3) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisionsbased on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 4) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译nowadays
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.nowadays['nauədeiz]ad. 现今，现在【同义词】contemporarily【真题例句】People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s.（2007考研英语阅读Text 2）参考译文：现在的人们已经不能像沃斯·莎凡特那样获得高智商分数。
2.novel ['nɔvəl]n. （长篇）小说a. 新奇的，新颖的【同义词】fiction【真题例句】The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.（2017考研英语新题型）参考译文：这些小说的流行巩固了狄更斯作为一个国家和国际知名作家的地位。
3.novelty ['nɔvəlti]n. 新奇，新颖，新奇的事物【真题例句】Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.（2012考研英语阅读Text 3）参考译文：其次，新颖事物本身就会频繁地引起人们的质疑。
4.innovation [，inəu'veiʃən]n. 改革，革新；新观念，新方法，新发明【真题例句】So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.（2009考研英语阅读Text 1）参考译文：因此，在与创造力和创新同样的背景下谈论习惯似乎是自相矛盾的。
5.renovate ['renəuveit]v. 更新，修复【同义词】【真题例句】6.newspaper ['nju:s,peipə, 'nju:z-]n. 报纸【真题例句】Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.（2010考研英语阅读Text 1）参考译文：然而，在20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，大部分都是报纸评论。
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一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)(1)The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。
First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believedas he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstei was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.首先，他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。
正如他所说的，他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的，”并经过艰苦的劳动，了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。
而且，当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。
Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientificeffort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many ofthe scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性。
虽然他自己很少在实验室工作，他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。
Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. Inthis way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in theCommunist movement.第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。
这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家，使他们积极参加共产主义运动。
Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose theories are so comp that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to puthim in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and oftenstressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others hadhe never lived.爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，他的理论是如此地难于理解，以致只有少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得。
但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。
他的谦逊态度是众所周知的，他常常对来访者强调说，如果没有他的话，别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就。
Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understandwith a littl e study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论着稍加研究是不难懂得的。
但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外，他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的，而且也是应该学习的。
(2)Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also manydifficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. Theworld’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists haveproduced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimentingwith techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, andthen there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid ofrefuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). Adevelopment of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators togenerate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already ashortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make moreuse of solar energy.从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。
也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食。
到2000年世界人口预期将达到70亿，但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优良品种。
他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。