人教版英语八年级下unit1讲解与练习

Unit1 What ’s the matt？er
1. What’t the matter ? 怎么了？
matter 此处为可数名词，意为“毛病；麻烦”，通常用于句型What’s the matter with sb.中?。

该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。

—What’s the matter with him ? 他怎么了？
—He has a headache .他头痛。

拓展：○1 matter 还可作为不及物动词，意为“要紧，有关系”，主要用于否定句，疑问句或者条件句中。

It doesn ’t matt没e r 有. 关系。

Does it matter if I ’ma bit late ? 我晚一会到有关系吗？
○2 ）.no matter 与who , what , where 等连用，相当于whoever , whatever ,wherever 等，可引导让步状语从句。

Don’t open the door , no matter who comes不. 管谁来都别开口。

2. I have stomachache . 我胃痛。

Stomachache为可数名词，意为“胃痛；腹痛”
Eg: Mary didn ’t come to school yesterday because she had a stomachache.
拓展：
在英语中，一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache（疼痛）后，可以构成合成名词。

如headache头痛，toothache牙痛，stomachache胃痛，backache背痛，earache耳朵痛。

3. She talked too much yesterday and didn ’t drink enou她gh昨w天a说t er话. 太多，并且没有喝足够的水。

（1）此处too much 相当于一个副词，修饰动词talked ,放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。

Eg: She worried too much .
Eating too much is bad for your health.
（2）此处enough为形容词，意为“足够的”。

修饰名词时，常放在名词前，且位置后置。

Eg: It is good enough gor me .
Is the water warm enough for you ?
Enough还可以构成句型搭配：be + adj.+enough+to do 足够“做某事”
Eg: Though he has grown up , he isn ’t brave enough to go out alone at night.
4. Drink some hot tea with honey . 喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶。

with 为介词，在此处意为“加上；具有；带有”，表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质，其
反义词为without 。

Eg: Would you like some tea with sugar ?
China is a country with a long history .
No man could live without water .
拓展：
○1 with 意为“和在一起”
Mr.Black is talking with a friend .
○2 with 意为“用（工具、手段等）”
You can cut it with a knife .
○3 with 表示方式、情况或者条件。

She likes to sleep with the light on .
The teacher came in with a smile on his face .
例题解析：
—Would you like some coffee,please ?
—Y es , and please get some sugar . I prefer coffee sugar .
A . to B. for C．with D．from
5. You need to take breaks away from the computer你. 需要离开电脑休息几天。

(1)need 在此处为实意动词，意为“需要”，后面可接名词，代词，动名词及带有to 的不定式作宾语。

Eg: We need to think twice about it .
She needs your help .
拓展：
Need 作情态动词，意为“需要，必需”。

无人称和数的变化，否定式为needn’，t后面一般接动词原形。

—N eed I finish the work today ?
—Y es, you must . / No ,yo needn ’t .
If she wants anything ，she need only ask .
(2)break 此处用作可数名词，意为“（课间的）休息”。

Eg: He sat under the big tree to take a break.
There is a 10-minute break between classes .
拓展：
○1 break 作不及物动词，意为“碎；破”。

其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken 。

Eg：Glasses breaks easily .
○2 break 作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄破”。

Eg: He broke his right leg last month .
○3 break 作及物动词，意为“不遵守（法律，规则等）”。

Eg: The teacher is talking to the student who broke the rules .
6. I think you should lie down and test .我认为你应该躺下休息。

（1）lie (lay , lain , lying) 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺；卧”
Eg: Don ’t lie in bed all morning .
He found a dog lying at the door .
拓展：
○1 lie 作为不及物动词，意为“撒谎，说谎”，过去式和过去分词均为lied,现在分词为lying 。

Eg: You are lying to me .
○2 lie 作可数名词，意为“谎言，假话”
Eg: I know he told a lie just now .
I believe that it is a white lie .
○3 lay 动词，意为“产卵，下蛋”，过去式和过去分词均为laid .
Eg: The hens are not laying well at the moment .
(2) rest 常作可数名词，意为“休息”
Eg: You must take a tes from your work
果明天你的头和脖子还痛的7. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow , then go to a doctor如.
话，就去看医生。

（1）此处连词if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”。

Eg: If she arrives in New York , I ’ll telephone you .
例题解析：
—I wonder if the psychologist will come to our school this weekend .
—If he ，we will be very excited .
A. come
B. comes
C. will come D .came
(2) go to a doctor 为固定短语，意为“看医生”，相当于go to see a doctor .
Eg: Bill went to a doctor yesterday .
Don’t take any medicine before going to a doctor .
8. He got off and asked the woman what happened他. 下了车，问那个妇女发生了什么事。

（1）get off 为“动词+副词”结构的短语，人称代词作宾语时，应放在动词与副词之间，此处意为“下车”。

辨析：
○1 get off 意为“下（汽车、火车、飞机等）”
The first passenger to get off the bus was a woman .
○2 get on 意为“登上（汽车、火车、飞机等）”，后面常跟较大的交通工具，反义词为get off When I got on the bus ,I saw my teacher sitting there .
○3 get into 意为“进入（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）”，后面常跟较小的交通工具。

反义词为get out of
He got into a taxi and left .
○4 get out of 意为“从（小汽车、出租车、直升飞机等）下来”
She got out of the car and wen into the hall .
例题解析：
Don’t the bus until it stops .
A. turn off
B.put on
C.get off
D.set up
(2) happen 为及物动词，意为“发生”
○1 当表示“某人或者某物发生某事”时，某人或者某物必须放在介词to 后面，用句型
sth. Happens to sb./sth来. 表达
What has happened to Judy ?
○2 当用作“碰巧”时，常用句型sb. Happens to do sth和.
It happens + that 从句
She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore .
It happened that I had no money with me .
9. Mr.Wang knew he had to act quickly . 王先生知道他必须快点行动。

have to 不得不，后面接动词原形
辨析：have to 和must
○1 have to 强调客观上的需要；must 强调主观上的必要性。

I have to tidy up the room .（客观需要）
I must tidy up the room . （主观想法）
○2 have to 有人称，数和时态变化，可用于一般现在时，一般过去时或一般将来时等；
must 无人称，数，时态变化，主要用于一般现在时。

Does he have to stay here ?
Must she finish her homework first ?
○3 它们的否定形式不同。

don’t have to表示“不必要，不需要”
must’表t 示“禁止，不允许，不应该”
You don ’t have to help him .
You mustn ’t help him
10. But to his surprise ,they all agreed to go with him . 但出乎他的意料，他们都同意和他一起去。

（1）to one ’s surpri为s e固定结构，意为“使某人惊讶的是... 类”似结构还有to one ’t jo使y 人开心的是；to one ’s disappointme令nt人失望的是；to one ’s satisfactio使n某人满意的是To his surprise , she won the first prize .
(2) agree 为及物动词。

后面可跟名词，代词，动词不定式或者宾语从句。

辨析：
○1 agree to 后面接计划或者建议。

I agree to your plan .
○2 agree on 后面接日期或者条款。

They agreed on these terms .
○3 agree with 后面接人或者意见。

I agree with you .
11. The old man got to the hospital in time 那.位老人及时到达了医院。

get to 意为“到达”。

此处get 为补给物动词，当后面接地点名词时，要加上介词to .
辨析：
○1 get 不及物动词，后面可接地点名词作宾语要加介词to.要是接地点副词home, here 和there 不用to .
I get home at 7:00 P.m. every day .
What time shall we get to Beijing ?
○2 arrive 不及物动词，可直接跟地点副词；加上介词at/in 后，才能接地点名词。

（大地点用in；小地点用at）
○3 reach 及物动词，其后可接跟地点名词，也可跟地点副词。

I reached Beijing the day before yesterday .
We reached here on foot .
Section B
1.Put on a clean T-shirt ..穿上意见干净的T 恤衫。

put on 为“动词+副词”短语，意为“穿上；戴上”。

代词作其宾语时，须放在put on 的中间。

He put on a coat and went out .
辨析：
○1 put on 穿“衣”表动作
○2 wear “穿衣”及物动词，表状态
○3 dress 给“传衣服”及物动词，宾语只能为人。

○4 （be）in
穿“着”后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词，表状态。

be in 同be dressed in 例题解析：
1. warm clothes, or you ’ll catch a cold .
2.The children are nice clothes today .
3. The girl red is his daughter.
4. I him every morning .
2. Told him to rest .
Tell 为及物动词，tell sb. (not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”。

He told me to write a report .
The police told the children not to play in the street .
例题解析：
Tell the children unhealthy food . It ’s bad for their health.
A. not to eat
B.not eating
C.to eat
D.eating
3. H ave problem breathing .呼吸困难。

.固定短语，意为“做某事有问题或困难”，同意短语为（1）have problems (in)doing sth为
have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
He had problems (in) learning English grammar .
He has no problem (in) singing the song .
伦罗尔斯顿是一个4. A ron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing 阿.
对爬山很感兴趣的美国人。

（1）此处who is .....为定语从句，修饰名词man ,who 为关系代词。

当被修饰词为人时，常用关系代词who 或者that 引导定语从句。

Do you know the girls who / that are dancing ?
The man that / who you are waiting for won ’t come .
(2) be interested in 为固定短语，意为“对....感兴趣”，相当于take interest in .
Interesting 引起“兴趣的，有趣的”。

作表语或定语，修饰物。

Interested “感兴趣的”只作表语，主语为人。

一
那些有趣的事物感兴趣。

言辨析：I ’m interested in the interesting thing我s 对
.例
题解析：
The story is and all of us are in it .
A. interest;interesting
B.interesting;interest
C.interested;interesting
D.interesting;interested
5. A s a mountain climber ,Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。

（1）此处as 为介词，意为“作为”。

As a party member , I must be strict with myself .
He works in the hotel as a cook .
(2)此处be used to 意为“习惯于.....; 适应于.....
后”面,接名词、代词或动名词。

He is used to hard work .
She is used to getting up early .
(3)take risks 意为“冒险”，相当于take a risk 。

You can ’t get rich without taking risks .
They were taking a risk when they did that .
6. T here were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents .
有许多次阿伦因为（意外）事故几乎失去生命。

（1）此处time 为可数名词，意为“次数”。

H o w m a n y t i m e s h a v e y o u b e e n t o P a r i s?H e f a i l e d h i s d r i v i n g t e s t f i v e
t i m e s .
(2)almost 副词，意为“几乎，差不多”。

Almost all the guests are here .
He has almost finished his work .
(3)辨析because of 和because
○1 because of 因“为”，介词短语，后面接名词或者代词。

I didn ’t go because of the rain .
○2 because 因“为”，连词，引导原因状语从句。

He didn ’ t come to school because he was ill .
7. H e was not ready to die that day . 他不愿那天死去。

(1)ready 为形容词，意为“准备好的，乐意的，愿意的”，常作表语。

Lunch is ready .
Have you got everything ready ?
拓展：
○1 be ready to do sth. 准备好“了做某事”，主要强调已经准备好了要做某事，表示即将去做。

We are ready to answer the questions .
She is always ready to help others .
○2 be ready for 为..“准备好”
He was ready for the death .
(2)die (died , died , dying ) 为不及物动词，意为“死，死亡”
His parents died long ago .
Nowadays many people die of cancers .
The man is dying . 那个人就要死了。

拓展：
die 的形容词形式为dead , 名词形式为death 。

A dead person can ’t speak .
Her grandmother has been dead for two years .
Many people fear death .
His death is heavier than Mount Tai .
8. S o he used his knife to cut off half his right arm . 因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。

（1）use sth. to do sth. 用某物“做某事”
I use my pen to write a letter .
I use a knife to cut apples . = I use a knife for cutting apples .
(2) cut off 为固定短语，意为“切除，切断”。

When was the telephone cut off ?
拓展：
常见的与cut 有关的短语：
cut down 砍到，减少cut up 切碎cut in 插入插嘴
9. T hen , with his left arm , he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood .
然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。

（1）此处with 意为“用（工具或器具等）”。

You can cut it with a knife .
辨析：with 与in
with : 介词，“用（工具）”
They eat with forks .
I ’l l have to see it with my own eyes .
In : 介词，“用（语言，声音，材料等）”。

She can give a talk in English .
He talked to her in a low voice .
(2) 此处so that 引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于”。

She got up late so that she missed the early bus .
He has his head in bandages .
例题解析：
Mr.Green speaks very loudly all the people can hear him .
A. when
B.so that
C.because
10. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even at=fter this experience .
他对登山如此快以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。

（1）keep on doing sth意
.为“继续做某事”。

拓展：The students are keeping on reading .
She kept on working although she was tired .
○1 keep doing sth. 继续“不停地做某事”
Keep going until you reach the end of road .
○2 keep sb. Doing sth. 使某人“一直做某事”
Do’t keep your mother waiting.
○3 keep sb, from doing sth. 阻止某人“做某事”
You shouldn ’t keep him from watching cartoons .
(2) experience 此处用作可数名词“经历”。

11. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn ’t mind taking risks .
阿伦喜爱爬山，不介意冒险。

此处mind 为动词，意为“介意；在乎”。

后面可接动名词作宾语，但不能跟动词不定式。

I don ’t mind at all .
Do you mind if I open the window ?
Would you mind parking your car there ?
例题解析：
—Would you mind the window ? It ’s very hot .
—N o, not at all .
A. open
B.to open
C.opening
单元练习
一、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共15 分）
1. —Kelly, who's the girl glasses in the photo?
-一It ’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
A. by
B. of
C. on
D. with
2. Students shouldn ’t go to school breakfast. It ’s bad for their health.
A. with
B. without
C. for
D. by
piano. He can join the music club.
3. Victor can play
A. a
B. an
C. the
4. How do you like Li Yundi?
- A cool guy! His music really beautiful.
A. tastes
B. sounds
C. smells
D. looks
5. 一M um，I ’m not feeling well.
—O h, dear!
A. What ’s wrong?
B. Not at all.
C. All right.
6. Young people today posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromes- sage(微信）to share with friends.
A. are afraid of
B. are used to
C. are worried about
7. Andrea Bocelli never ，which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
8. He hurried back home his schoolbag.
A. fetched
B. to fetch
C. fetching
D. fetches
9. —Why did you get up late this morning? —I stayed up late A l.a B s t en c i a g u h s t,e
B. So
C. Because of
D. But
10. —What ’s the matter with you?
一I a headache.
A. have
B. take
C. make D, like
11. To our , the little girl is the first to go to bed.
A. surprises
B. surprise
C. surprised
D. surprising
12. - -What did your sister do?
—-She the bus at the bus stop and wenthome.
A. got to
B. got up
C. got down
D. got off
13. —What did you see?
—I saw many boys games near the river.
A. played
B. playing
C. plays
D. to play
Please do it yourself.
14. It ’s own busi事n e情ss）(
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. his
15. My father often cooks some delicious food for us at home.
A. herself
B. ourselves
C. himself
D. yourselves
二、完形填空(共10 分)
Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be
dumb( 哑的）15 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything
to get him to 17 ,but with no success.When Leo was six years old, the best d octors in the town
18 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he
_19 spoke.
“There might be something wrong with his 20 ，and he doesn ’t know he's able to s，pe’，a kone doctor said. “But he can read and，w，rits e aid Mr. Green. “We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak. ”“It ’s cert2a1inly，v”ery another doctor said. Perhaps he ’ll be able to speak some day. ”2p2assed. Leo went to university. But he did not say a 23 word. Then one day,Leo
was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 24 and said，“Pass me the salt,please. ”
Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. sp“ok Y e o!u You spoke! ”they cried. “Why have you
25 so long to speak? ”“I didn ’t have a s n a y y t，h，in，g h to e said. “Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in potatoes. ”
16. A. because B. when C. though D. before
17.A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh
18. A. taught
19. A. never B. found
B. often
C. examined
C. usually
D. asked
D. always
20.A. back B. hair C. face D. mind
21. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy iet
22. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years
23. A. good B. right C. single D. new
24. A. chair B. meal G. hands D. books
25. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waited
三、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共40 分）
A
It ’s important for us to be healthy. But how can we keep healthF y?i rst,you should eat fruit and vegetables three or four times a week. Then eat some tofu every day because it ’s good f both the young and the old. Milk is also necessary必( 要的），especially for women. So you should
have milk twice & day. It can help you to be strong. Next, doing more exercise is better. You can
do morning exercises or evening exercises. After supper you should take a walk.
26. You should eat three or four times a week.
A. fruit and fish
B. vegetables and mutton
C. tofu
D. fruit and vegetables
27. Tofu is good for .
A. young people
B. old people
C. young and old people
D. students
28. Why do people have milk?
A. It ，s delicious.
B. It ’s a kind of drink.
C. It ’s bad for you.
D. It can help you keep strong.
29. You should have milk .
A. four times a day
B. five times a week
C. twice a day
D. twice a week
30. The passage mainly tells us .
A. how to keep healthy
B. what health is
C. why health is important
D. how often you can eat tofu
B
Do you know the story about Vince? It was a true story. Vince was an English boy and he was
eight years old. He didn't like soap or water. Three or four times a day his mother said to him,
“V ince, your hands are very dirty again. ” Go and wash them. ” But Vince never washed th He only put his hands in the water for a few seconds and then took them out again.
Vince ’s uncle and aunt lived in another city. One day they came to stay with Vince
and they brought their small son, Toby, with them. Toby was seven years old and he didn
or water, either.
The boys sat with their parents for a few minutes and then they went outside. When they were playing, Vince looked at Toby's hands and then went back to Toby ’s paren骄ts 傲and said proud 地），“Toby’s hands are dirtier than mine, ”
“Of course they a，r e ”Toby said angrily. “You are one year older than I am, ”
31. Vince ’s mother asked him to three or four times a day.
A. wash his hands
B. do his homework
C. clean his bedroom
D. wash his teeth
32.When Vince saw Toby ’s hands, he felt .
A, sorry B. proud C. sad D. terrible
33.Vince ’s hands were a little than Toby ’s.
A. dirtier
B. cleaner
C. bigger
D. smaller
34.From the story we know that .
A.Vince liked soap and water, but Toby didn ’t
B.Toby liked soap and wate，r but Vince didn ’t
C.Vince and Toby liked soap and water
D.Vince and Toby didn ’t like soap or water
35.How many people are there in the story?
A. Four.
B. Five.
C. Six.
D. Seven,
C
When I was about 12，a girl in my class liked to point out (指出）my problems. I was too thin；
I wasn ’t a good stud；e In ta t lked too much；I was too proud (骄傲），and so on. At las，t I became very
angry and ran to my father.
He listened to me quietly. Then he asked, “A re these things true or not? Do you know wh you are really like? Go and make a list of what she said and find the things that are true.
I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered发( 现）that about half of the things
were true. Some of them I couldn ’改t c变ha)n(lg i k e e(being very thin). But there were things I
could and wanted to change. For the first time, I got a clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Dad. He didn ’t take it, ，“”The a ts’aid s jus“t fo Y ro y u ou k now the truth (真相）about yourself better than anyone else. When people say something that is true about
you，you should find it helpful. ，’
Our world is full of people who think they know your matter. Don ’t be angry and fee Listen to them. ?
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。

36.was angry because a girl in my class pointed out my problems.( )
37.. My father wasn ’t interested in what I sa)id.(
38. f ound that about half of the things the girl said were true.( )
39. w as very proud so I didn ’t want to change a)t
all.( 40 No matter what people say? you should think it
helpful.( ) 句型转换(5 分）
41.I have a stomachache就.( 画线部分提问）
is you?
42.She should drink some water.改( 为否定句）
.She drink water.
43...He fell down when playing soccer.(改为一般疑问句）
he down when playing soccer?
44. 你—应该喝加有蜂蜜的热茶。

(根据汉语提示完成句子）
You should drink ,
45. as，he，taking，used，risks，a，is，to，climber，mountain(连词成句)
书面表达(10 分）
请根据以下提示写一篇不少于70 词的短文。

提示:1. Dennis 今天得了重感冒，头痛、发烧；
医生建议他在家休息，多喝水，按时吃药;
你准备放学后去看他，帮他补习功课。

参考答案：
16-30 DBCBA BDBA A BDBBC
31-40 CA CA D BDCBD
41---45 DCDCA 46-55.ABBDC
61A 由短文第一?句“Frank is a factory worker.可知答案”为A。

62C 由第~ 段中“H is wife, Alice, has no job, so she slays at home. . .可知答案为C。

”
63.B 由第二段中“One day, Frank came home very late because he was very busy in the facto，r，y.
可知弗兰克回家晚的原因是他有许多工作要做。

64.D 由第三段中“He was not happy when he found his dinner was not reading
65. B 由最后一段中“But I can be ready to go with you in five minutes.可知选项 B 表述”正确。

66.T 由第一段中“??? a girl in my class liked to point out my problems.. ? At last, I became very angry... 可知”，此句表述正确。

67.F 由第二段中“He listened to me quietly. Then he asked.可..
推断出“爸爸”对我说的话很感兴
趣”。

故此句表述错误。

68.T 由第三段中. . I discovered that about half of the things were true. 可知，此句表述正确。

”
69.F 由第三段中“Some of them I couldn't change (like being very thin). But there were things I
could and wanted to change. 可知，”此句表述错误。

70.F 由第四段中“When people say something that is true about you, you should find it helpf，u，l.
可知，此句表述错误。

71. What, the matter/trouble with
shouldn ’t, any
Did, fall
hot tea with honey
As a mountain climber，he is used to taking risks.
One possible version ：
My friend Dennis didn ’t come to school today. He went to hospital because he had a bad cold. He had a headache and a fever. The doctor looked him over and s，a id“It ’s nothing serious. But you have to stay at home for two days. You should drink more water and have a good rest. Take the medicine three times a day. Then you ’ll feel better. ”
After school，I ’m going to visit him and help him with his lessons. I hope he will be OK very soon.。