动词不定式及主动表被动Mydesign

She came here to study English. 状语
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 宾补
不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、宾、表、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时（被动关系）.
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at. 2. He claimed ____in the supermarket when he
struggle/strive to do sth. 努力做某事
作表语
眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
be to do的用法
1)表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事 情。
如： The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学 校大门口集会。
2.Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B.to study
C. made
D. to make
一般式( to do ).
不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态） 与句子谓语的动作 同时（或几乎同时） 发生，或之后发生。
• 当名词与定语间有动宾 关系时。
• I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.
• She is a nice person to work with.
注意主动表被动
• 当名词与定语间有主谓 关系时。
• We must find a person to do the job.
determine （决心）。
接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用 动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事 wisFra Baidu bibliotek to do sth. 希望做某事
注：有些不及物动词后习惯上 也接不定式，不接动名词： aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B.treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.
系动词be的不定式：
to be + n./adj.
(作宾补和表语时to be常可省 略)
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
it 作形式宾语不定式后置
The following verbs are normally followed
It seems that he has no pen ______ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
注意
不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的 动作。 I have a lot of work to do. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
by the infinitive.
Remember!
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish
agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)；
prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)；
1. He seems to know this. 2. I hope to see you next week.
进行式( to be doing)
表示谓语表示的动作 （情况）发生时，不 定式所表示的动作正
在进行。
1.He pretended to be working when I came in. 2. He seems to be thinking deeply, without noticing me passing him.
Please make an effort to catch the bus.
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
• ★当修饰的名词前有the only, the
next, the best, the first, the last, 以 及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的 名词常常用不定式作定语。 He was the first one to think of the idea.
To do that sort of thing is foolish. 主语
动 I want to see you this evening. 宾语 词
不 All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
定 式
We found a house to live in. 定语
2）表示可能性，必要、责任、义务、 禁止等。
如： Her necklace was not to (couldn't) be found. 她的项链找不到了
金典 seem + to do/to be done/to have done/to have been done/to be doing/(to be) n./adj. remain + doing/done/to be done remain sitting/seated remain to be solved remain unsolved It remains to be said/seen/… whether…
“七夕” 版 期希渴求帮助， 假装犹豫拒绝。 同意安排计划， 决心设法完成。（desire）
接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜
动词不定作宾语， 期希渴欲承担起； 愿望碰巧又出现， 假装安排不拒绝； 准备计划却失败， 好像提供又犹豫； 企图要把目标证， 等待要求作选择。
同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。
• There is nothing to worry about.
• ★当定语表示未来的还没
做的动作时。
• The letter to be written is to my father.
• The matter to be discussed is important.
注意 :
不定式与前面所修饰的 名词之间一般是动宾关 系、主谓关系或同位关 系。
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
it作形式主语不定式后置
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
动词不定式
Grammar
动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成， 可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定 语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。
动词不定式的时态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时.
1. We want to learn English well.
demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事
• 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
• ★当修饰的名词是ability ambition
attempt chance(机会)/opportunity courage desire decision effort failure moment promise right time wish …（ 一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能 力等意义的名词）
完成式（to have done)
不定式的动作 发生在谓语表 示的动作之前。
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
动词不定式的语态
• You are the only person to be late.
• The manager is the last to come to the meeting.
• ★当修饰的词为 something,
nothing, anything 等不定代词 时。
• Do you have anything to say?
manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
注意
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词， 其后应加上必要的介词 Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.
• We need someone to go and get a doctor.
• 当名词与定语有同 位关系时。
• We got the order to leave the city.