汉译英第二讲(句子翻译技巧)学生版
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汉译英(二)句子翻译技巧
主语选择
●汉语:话题式主语,不一定是动作的执行者,作主语的词性很灵活。
●英语:主语是动作的执行者,词性很固定,只可以是名词,代词,非谓语动词(doing,
to do), 主语从句等。另外,英语表达侧重于多样性,可以用不同的单词作为主语。
汉译英时,不同的句子起始点,结构完全不同,我们要尽可能变化思路,使译文句式多样。
●例1:中国人民的生活水平近年来得到很大提高。
●思路一:Chinese people’s living standard has been improved a lot in recent years.
(语序未调整,句子起始点没有变化。)
●思路二:There has been great raise in the living standard of the Chinese people in
recent years.
●(以“提高”作主语,原文动词作谓语,现变为名词,作主语)
●思路三:These years have witnessed great improvement in the Chinese people’s
living standard. (以“近年”作主语,原文时间状语变为主语)
●(还有其他思路吗?仔细想想。记住:汉语中名词皆可以充当英语句子中的主语,
只看你想不想的到,当然句子有优劣之分。)
●以上三个版本,第三句应该评分最高。用时间或者地点作主语,不仅强调了时间观
念,而且句子简洁、生动,符合西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯。类似的动词有:see, witness, find等。
●拓展练习:(1)这个运动会首先在北京兴起。
●Beijing first saw the rise of the movement.(地点作主语)
●(2) 在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。
●Nanjing witnessed many great historic events.(地点作主语)
●(3) 近十年来,中国教育发生了重大变革。
●The past decade has witnessed great changes in Chinese education.(时间作主语)
●China has witnessed enormous changes in education in the past ten years.(地点作主
语)
●(4) 中国在2012年成功发射了“神州九号”飞船。
●2012 saw the successful launching of China’s “the Ninth Shenzhou Spacecraft”.
(地点作主语)
●主语选择还必须符合逻辑关系。
●例2:我们国家的建设事业不仅需要工程师和科学家,同样需要各行各业的能工巧
匠。
●难点一:选词:能工巧匠:talents, skilled workers, craftsmen, artisan, gifted people.
应该选哪个?建设:building-up, construction, development应该选哪个?)
●难点二:主语的选择。我们国家,建设事业,应该选择哪个?
●译法一:Our country’s construction not only needs engineers and scientists, but also
various craftsmen. (字对字翻译,不符合逻辑)
●译法二:In her development, our country needs not only engineers and scientists,
but also various skillful craftsmen.(主语选择正确,与need照应)
●译法三:Our country in her development needs not only engineers and scientists, but
also talents of various kinds.
●换个思路:以工程师,科学家,能工巧匠做主语怎么改?
●译法四:Engineers, scientists, as well as craftsmen play a vital role in our national
development.
●记住:多积累地道的英文好词好句,不要拘泥于中文形式“亦步亦趋”,“东施效颦”,
“闭门造车”。地道保持原汁原味是汉译英的王道。
●例3:这个战略思想现在已经有了实施的机遇。
●译法一:This strategy has the opportunity to implement itself now.
●译法二:This strategic idea has already had the opportunity to be implemented.
●诊断:主语选择错误。不符合主谓逻辑。
●改译一:Now we have the opportunity to implement this strategy. (主谓符合逻辑)●改译二:An opportunity has unfolded before us to adopt the strategy. (注意“策略”
之前的动词选择)
●拓展练习:我们的成长和壮大离不开大家的支持和帮助。
●译法一:Our growth and development is without your help and support.
●译法二:Our growth and development can’t be realized without your help and
support.
●病症诊断:完全按照原文形式,思路不开阔,主语选择不符合逻辑,与谓语搭配不
当,译文“中式英语”现象十分突出。
●改译一:Without your help and support, we can’t grow up.
●改译二:We can hardly turn into what we are today without your help and support.
●改译三:We can’t flourish (thrive, prosper) without your help and support.
●思考题:“我们公司发展历程简介”如何翻译?
●例4:我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。
●译文一:Our career has won one victory to another.
●点评:主谓搭配不当,“win”主语一般是人。
●改译:We have won one victory after another for our cause.
● A series of victories have been won for our cause.
●例5:他的英语讲得很好。
●His English speaks good.(主谓搭配不当)
●He speaks good English.(主谓符合逻辑)
●主语选择还必须是剧中信息突出部分。
●例6:在历史上,由于长江不断改道,在武汉地区形成了众多湖泊。
●译法一:In history, because the Yangtse River’s course was changed constantly,
many lakes were formed in Wuhan district.
●病症诊断:“东施效颦”,信息重点不突出,不顾西方人思维方式, 选词也出现问题。
●分析:原文中主语不显著,但是主题显著,符合中国人思维方式,即:说话找到一
个开始点就可以。
●方法:“由于长江不断改道”可翻译为抽象名词短语。
●改译:The constant change of the course of the Changjing River in history helped
form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan. (信息重点突出)
●例7:我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下李姐打电话差不多,一拨就通。
●The way I call you by international lines is almost as easy as the way I call Sister Li
downstairs. When I call you, it is easy to get through.
●分析:“国际直拨很方便”是信息重点,不是我给你打电话。原文啰嗦,也不符合西
方人思维方式。