2020考研英语词汇：历年真题短语1完整篇.doc
真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译-
【真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译（2020年Text1）英语二第一段①Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.②To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.翻译译文：老鼠等动物需要对同类发出的社交信号高度敏感，这样它们才能分辨哪些是可以合作的朋友，哪些是应该避开的敌人。
为弄清这一敏感性是否在面对非生命物体时仍适用，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的拉蕾·奎因及其同事进行了一项试验，观察老鼠是否能够感知机器鼠发出的社交信号。
第二段①They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for four days.②The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.翻译译文：研究人员让8只成年鼠与2只不同类型的机器鼠——一只爱社交，一只不合群——共处一室4天。
这两只机器鼠外形相当简约抽象，就像矮胖版的电脑鼠标，靠轮子四处移动，带有鲜艳的标记。
2020考研英语词汇：behind的英语单词分析.doc
2020考研英语词汇：behind的英语单词分析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：behind的英语单词分析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：behind的英语单词分析behind的中文翻译及音标prep.1.在...的背后;向...的背后;到...的背后2.(遗留)在...的后面3.落后于，不如4.迟于，晚于5.对...说来已成过去6.作...的后盾7.隐藏在...后面;作为引起...的潜在原因ad.1.在背后;向背后;到背后2.(留)在原处;(遗留)在后3.在过去4.落在后面;(钟表等)慢;迟，不按时5.【古】还在后面，储备着a.背后的，位于后面的n.1.【口】屁股2.(上衣等的)背后部分;后襟3.【英俚】(足球运动中的)后卫4.【橄】(得分的)射门单词分析这些词均有“在……后面”之意。
after和behind用来表地点时，前者强调的是顺序的先后，而后者侧重方向和位置的前后关系。
请比较：The student sat after me.那个学生坐在我后面。
(我坐在他前面)。
The student sat behind me.那学生坐在我背后。
after与behind用于指时间时，前者强调时间的先后顺序，而后者则着重于表示“落后……”或“迟于……”的概念。
试比较：Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是谁统治的?You are forty minutes behind schedule.你比规定的时间迟了40分钟。
after多用于表示因时间上的先后而造成顺序的前后场合，behind则常用于仅指位置上的前后关系。
请比较：Please shut the door after you.请随手关门。
Please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。
at the back of这个前置词短语既可指具体的位置的先后，又可用于指抽象的概念。
快来收藏！历年考研真题中的重点短语词组盘点
快来收藏！历年考研真题中的重点短语词组盘点今天小编为大家整理的是历年来考研真题中的重点短语词组，对大家的考研英语学习很有帮助哦，希望大家可以好好利用起来，下面就让我们一起来看一下吧。
01. in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行02. after the fashion (of) 依照…03. find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵04. at fault (=in the wrong, blamable)有错05. in favour of 赞成06. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱;out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠07. in one's favour(=to one's advantage)对.有利08. (be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的09. fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.) 为…担心10. for fear of (=in case of; because of anxiety about) 以防, 由于怕11. in fear of (=afraid for the safety of) 担心12. feed (sb.) on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养13. be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull) 厌烦, 腻了14. feel like (=have a desire for) 想要15. fill in 填写16. fill out ( =fill in )填写17. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth. remarkable)有突出成就18. play with fire (=take great risks)干冒险事19. set sth. on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火20. at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见21. for the first time 第一次(作状语)22. in the first place 首先, 第一23. fit into 刚好放入24. fit in with ( = suit , fall into agreement) 合适, 相配, 一致25. (be) fit for (=right and suitable for) 适合26. focus on (=concentrate on) 集中在…上focus sth. on 把…集中在…上27. be fond of 喜欢28. (be) in force 有效, 实施29. go into force 开始生效30. by force 靠武力, 强行31. force…on 把…强加给…32. in the form of 以…形式33. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气34. free of charge 免费35. be freed from 免受, 没有…36. in front of 在…前面in the front of 在…前部37. furnish…with (=supply) 向…提供38. in general (=in most cases, usually)通常39. catch (or get) a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果) take a glance(or look) at 看一眼(强调动作)40. be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好41. in good time(=early)早早地(做完.到达等)42. for good (=for ever) 永远地, 长期地43. take…for granted (=assume to be true)把…认为理所当然的.44. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人45. on the ground(s) fo (=because of) 由于…46. fall to the ground (计划.希望等)失败,落空47. on one's guard(against) 谨防, 警惕(be) on guard 站岗48. guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止guard…against 警卫…防止49. guess at 猜, 估计50. by guess 靠猜51. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失52. be in the habit of 习惯于53. break off (a habit) 改掉(某种习惯)54. break sb. of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)55. get (fall) into the habit of 养成了…的习惯56. come to a halt (=stop) 停止; 停住57. at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近)58. by hand 用手工(做)59. hand in glove(with) 狼狈为奸, 密切合作60. in hand )在手边2)(=under control)控制住61. in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责62. live from hand to mouth 勉强度日,现挣现吃63. at the head of 在…的前头64. head for (=move towards) 向…方向前进65. hear of (=know about) 听人说起, 听说过66. at heart (=in reality) 内心里, 实际上67. in one's heart (of hearts)内心深处,事实上68. by heart (=by memory) 熟记, 背(诵)69. to one's heart's content 尽情地70. with all one's heart 全心全意地,真心实意71. hinder…form(=stop…from)阻碍,使..不能做72. be (go) on holiday 在(去)度假go on holiday = go for a holiday73. be (feel) at home (=to be comfortable; not feel worried) 感觉合适，无拘束，熟悉74. be honest in 诚实75. in one's honour (or in honour of)祝贺,纪念76. on one's honour 以某人的名誉担保77. hope for 希望(某事发生),希望有78. to one's horror 令某人感到恐惧的是79. in a hurry (=hastily) 匆忙地80. be identical with(=exactly alike)和完全相同8. be identified with 被视为与…等同82. in ignorance of 不知道…83. be ignorant of ( = lacking knowledge) 对…不了解,不知道84. (an) impact (on) 对…的强烈影响85. impose…on 把…强加给86. impress…on 给…留下印象87. make (leave) an impression on sb. =give sb. an impression 给…留下印象88.under the impression that 有..的印象,认为89. improve sth.(make sth. better)把原物改进improve on(=produce or be sth. better than…) 另做一物比原物更好90. improve in (=get better) 有改进, 好些91. improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转92. include…in 把…列在…里面93. inclusive of 把…包括在内94. independent of 独立的,不受约束的95. indicative of 表明, 说明96. be indifferent to (=not interested in)对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎97. (be) inferior to(=less good in quality or value) 比…差; superior to 比…好98. inform sb. of sth. 通知, 告诉99. be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的100. insist on (=order sth. to happen) 坚持要。
2020考研英语一真题及答案
2020考研英语（一）真题完整版来源：高教考试在线Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is “ 11 to cause cancer” but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18, but reduce their lifetime intake. However, its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1.[A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till2.[A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3.[A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern4 .[A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued [B] received [C] compelled [D] guaranteed6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] conclusive [D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] In general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “t own of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, ou t not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows what will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s quiddities —helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colle agues argue that a “town of culture” award could_______[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as[A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-catching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it[A] endeavors to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present[A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C] a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical.[B] Objective.[C] Favorable.[D] Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is nowpublished under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .[A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker ProTempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_______[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women’s position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_______[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to______[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women’s need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Man y French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon —in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system. other nations are likely to follow suit, and Americancompanies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_______[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_______[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_______[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO's current work_______[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attentionin a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._______________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._______________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43._______________________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial sit uations. “Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.44._______________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45._______________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案：41. C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42. E. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G. Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A. Eye fixactions are briefPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.(47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay“An Answer to the Question:What is E nlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.【参考译文】46. 文艺复兴消除了教会教育与思维方式之间的差距，弥合了中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟，开创了新的以及尚未开发的知识领域。
2020年考研英语(一)真题~完型答案
2020年考研英一完型答案1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。
On a cold winter's day意思是在一个寒冷冬日。
介词on后加具体的某一天;in后加一段时间，例如in winter，in2002;toward表方向，不与时间搭配;till意思是直到，例如till tomorrow，till next week，与句意不符。
故正确答案为on。
2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。
文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭，但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星期日烤肉。
On a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can__2__it.在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。
match匹配。
express表达。
satisfy 满足，满意;确信;符合。
influence影响。
3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。
后文Yet进行语义转折：然而正如现在报道的那样，食品卫生部门认为这种3会导致另一种有罪的快乐4损害我们的健康。
enjoyment乐趣与上文pleasures和下文another pleasures互为关联信息。
patience耐心，耐性。
surprise惊喜。
concern 关心。
4.【答案】D guaranteed【解析】此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。
空格所在句指出：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐4损害我们的健康。
guaranteed有保证的，一定的，填入空格处意为：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐，肯定会损害我们的健康。
intensified增强，加剧;privileged享有特权，专用，特许;compelled强迫。
5.【答案】A issued【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has__5__apublic warning...食品标准管理局一项公开的警告...issued发表，发布，发出;received接收，接到;ignored忽视，忽略;canceled取消。
2020考研英语高频词汇(选自历年真题)
2017英语考研高频词汇（选自历年真题）频率在100次以上的词汇part n.部分；角色；作用；零件v.使分开，分离，分别pass v.经过，走过；传递；通过（考试等）n.通行证，护照；关口tie n.领带，领结；联系，关系；约束，束缚v.系，栓，捆passage n.通过；通路；段，节even ad.甚至，即使a.平坦的；偶数的；均匀的cause n.原因；事业奋斗目标v.引起，使产生sing v.唱，演唱；鸡叫long a./ad.长的，长远的，长期的vi.（for）渴望count vt.数，计数，看作，认为n.计数，计算，总数arch n.拱门，拱形结构v.拱起，（使）变成拱形hang vt. 悬，挂，垂吊；吊死ratio n.比,比率great a.伟大的；重大的；美妙的sentence n.句子；判决，宣判v.判决，宣判inform vt.通知，向…报告；告密direct a./ad.径直的，直接的vt.指导rent n.租金vi.出租,租赁tend v.趋向,往往是;照料,看护dust n.灰尘，灰烬being n.存在；生物；生命formation n.形成；构成mate n.伙伴，同事；配偶stand vi.站，站立；坐落，位于，经受，忍受；坚持，维持原状n.台，座high a./ad.高高的(地)，高尚的（地）care n.关怀，操心；小心，谨慎v.关心；介意；计较ease n.安逸，舒适，休闲；容易v.减轻；使舒适，使安心sheet n.被单；（一）张，（一）片，薄片；大片sign n.标记，符号，招牌；征兆，迹象v.签名（于），署名（于）state n.州，国家，政府；状态，情况v.陈述，说明unit n.单位；单元；部件，元件；机组，装置import v./n.输入，进口ample a.充裕的；宽敞的earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得ought v. aux 早应该，本应，本当section n.章节，部分；地区，部门，科；截面，剖面bit n.一点，一些，一片tell v.（from）辨别,区别;告诉,讲述;吩咐,命令;泄露,吐露direction n.方向，方位；指导effect n.结果；影响；效果society n.社会；团体，协会，社；社交界，上流社会rough a.粗糙的；粗略的，大致的；粗野的，粗暴的number vt.共计，达…之数；编码，加号码n.数字，号码seem vi.好像，似乎stem n.词干；茎，干频率为31—50 次的词汇mad a.发疯的；疯狂的rim n.（圆物的）边，边缘；边界certain a.确实的，肯定的；某一，某些process n.过程，进程；制作法；工序；工艺v.加工，处理hard a.困难的；硬的；冷酷无情的；烈性的ad.努力地；猛烈地；困难地aid n.帮助，救护；助手，辅助物v.援助，救援，帮助elect vt.选举，推选；选择lack n./v.缺乏，没有rope n.绳子，索sin n.罪，罪孽vi.犯罪employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于graph n.(曲线)图，图表idea n.主意，念头，思想trial n.考验，试验；审讯without prep.无，没有vice n.罪恶；恶习；缺点a.副的complete a.完全的，彻底的general a.总的；一般的n.将军growth n.增长；增长量；生长rage n.愤怒behavior n. 行为,举止grow vi.生长；变得；增长increase n./v.增加logic n.逻辑，推理；逻辑学oil n.油；石油vt.上油，涂油，给…加润滑油system n.系统，体系；制度，体制economic a.经济上的；经济学的hold vt.抓住；保有，拥有；托住，支持；容纳；举行；有效，适用；持续dam n.水坝，水堤found vt.创立，创办；建立means n.方法，手段，工具tag n.货签；标签base n.基础；底部；基地，根据地v.把…基于；以……为根据地paragraph n.(文章的)段，节；小新闻，短评profession n.职业，自由职业require vt.需要；（of）要求，命令shed n.棚；小屋v.流出；发散，散发，脱落，脱去pond n.池塘; 鱼塘appear vi.出现；问世；仿佛evolution n.发展；演变，演化lion n.狮子；勇猛的人manage vt.设法；对付patient a.能忍耐的，有耐心的n.病人，患者patent a.专利的，特许的n.专利，专利品，专利权mind v.介意，注意,当心n.头脑，精神；理智；想法，意见，心情，记忆organ n.器官；机构；风琴Owl n.猫头鹰sly a.狡猾的；偷偷摸摸的tow v./n.拖引，牵引individual a.个人的，单独的；独特的n.个人，个体letter n.信；证书；字母limit n.限制；限度，局限；范围v.限制，限定ski n.滑橇vi.滑雪account n.帐目；叙述，说明vt.说明，解释below Prep./ad.在……下面；向下star n.星，恒星；明星，名角频率为21—30 次的词汇heal vt.治愈；使和解medical a.医学的；医疗的；内科的service n.服务，帮助；公共设施，公用事业；维护保养；行政部门，服务机构v.维修，保养technology n.工艺学，工艺，技术case n.情况；事实；病例；案件；容器（箱子，盒子等）pain n.疼；疼痛，劳苦，努力reign v.（over）统治；支配；盛行，占优势n.统治，统治时期，支配；朝代rest n.休息，睡眠，停止，静；剩余部分，其余；（the）其余的人（或物）v.休息；睡，放，靠，(使)搁在rob v.（of）抢劫，盗取；非法剥夺force vt.强迫，迫使pace n.(一)步(距离)；步速v.踱步alter vt.改变，变更event n.事件，大事；事变natural a.自然的rally n.集会;公路汽车赛v.集合,团结;恢复(健康等),重新振作sting v/n.刺，刺痛，剧痛；叮structure n.结构，构造；建筑物v.建造，构造theory n.理论,原理;学说,见解,看法concern n.关心，挂念；vt.涉及，关系到edge n.边缘；边flat a.平的，扁平的；平淡的，乏味的n.一套房子，平坦的部分govern vt.统治，治理；支配usual a.通常的，平常的adapt v.适应，适合；改编，改写fund n.资金；基金；存款lend vt.把...借给，贷款subject n.题目，主题；科目，学科；主语v.（to）使遭到，使服从a.（to）易遭…的，受…支配的substance n.物质；实质；大意；财产，财物thus ad.如此，这样；因而，从而vision n.视觉，视力；眼力，想象力abandon vt.放弃，抛弃correspond vi.通信；符合，相当energy n.活力；精力；能，能量opera n.歌剧oral a.口头的；口的rug n.小地毯；围毯sour a.酸的；发酸的；酸痛的；脾气坏的；刻薄的wide a.宽阔的；广泛的ad.完全地，充分地amount n.数量，总额v.合计，总共达paper vt.用纸包装(或覆盖)n.纸；报纸；试卷；文章，论文raw a.未煮过的,生的;未加过工的，未经训练的sense n.感官，官能；感觉；判断力；见识；意义，意思top n.顶部,上边,上面,首位,最高位a.最高的v.高过,超过,到达……顶部affect vt.影响；感动benefit n.利益；好处；恩惠v.有益于，受益character n.性格，特性；角色claim n.权利；断言；主张；索赔v.要求；索赔；声称；主张corresponding a.相应的；符合的create vt.创造；引起，产生customer n.顾客，主顾essential a.必要的，必不可少的，本质的panel n.面，板；控制板，仪器盘；专门小组proper a.合乎体统的；适合的，恰当的；正当的；固有的，特有的有礼貌的，正派的；本身（的）rust n. 铁锈v.（使）生锈，氧化shift vt.替换，转移；移动n.转换，转变；（变）班，（换）班spot n.污点，斑点；地点，场所v.认出，认清，发现；玷污，弄脏；用点作记号therefore ad.因此,所以conj.因此travel n.旅行v.旅行，行进，传播verse n.诗，韵文；诗行consume vt.消耗，消费，耗尽critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人；评论家demand v./n.要求；需要express vt.表示n.快车，快递a.特快的，快速的firm n.商行，商号，公司a.坚固的，坚决的，稳固的improve v.使…更好,改善intelligence n.智力；理解力；情报，消息least a.最少的ad.最少legal a.法律的；合法的machine n.机器；机械racket n.球拍reed n.芦苇，苇丛;芦笛,牧笛select v.选择，挑选a.精选的，选择的频率为16—20 次的词汇attitude n.态度，看法；姿势broad a.宽的，广阔的；豁达的carbon n.碳decline vt.下倾；偏斜；衰退；谢绝hole n.洞；孔眼，裂开处infer vt.推论，推断involve vt.使卷入；牵涉；包含，涉及matter n.事情；物质，物体；毛病，麻烦moral a.道德的；合乎道德的offer vt.提供；提出n.提供picture n.图画，照片；美景；影片v.画，描述，想象space n.间隔，距离；空地，余地；空间，太空v.留间隔，隔开vest n.汗衫；背心；内衣available a.可利用的；可得到的；可以见到的；随时可来的competition n.竞争，比赛continue vt.继续，连续；延伸cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈drug n.药，药物，药材employment n.工作，职业；雇用；使用forget vt.忘记，遗忘function n.功能；职务；函数issue n.问题，争论，争端；发行，发行物vt.发行，发表，颁布；流出，放出nut n.坚果，干果；螺母relation n.关系，联系；家属，亲戚situation n.位置，场所；处境，局面，处境，形势；职务，职位television n.电视title n.书名, 标题；头衔,称号attention n.注意，留心；立正journal n.日报，杂志；日志nature n.大自然，自然界particular a.特殊的；特定的，个别的rot v.(使)腐烂，(使)腐败，腐朽trust v.信任，依赖；盼望，希望；委托n.信任，依赖；委托，信托advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹assist vt.援助，帮助comb n.梳子competitive a.竞争的，比赛的goods n.商品；货物ground n.地；场地；根据harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害identify vt.认出，识别，鉴定；把…看作international a.国际的，世界(性)的line v.沿...排列，排队n.线；路线，航线；排；界线neat a.整洁的；整齐的order n.定货，定货单；命令；次序，循序；秩序，治安，正常状态，整齐；等级v.制，定制，订购purpose n.目的；意图；效果，用途roll vi.滚动，转动；使摇摆，（使）摇晃；辗，轧；绕，卷；（up）卷起，卷拢n.（一）卷，卷形物，面包卷；名单，名册sell v.卖，出售sequence n.连续，数列；次序，先后together ad. 共同,一起,合起来,聚拢地central a.中心的，中央的，中枢的；主要的concept n.概念，观念，思想court n.法院，法庭；庭院；宫廷，朝廷；球场creation n. 创造,创作物,发明cut vt.切；割；砍；删减dependent a.依靠的，依赖的；随···而定的detail n.细节；枝节；零件v.详述dig vt.掘，挖；采掘election n.选举，选择权；当选extend vt.延长；扩大；致full a.满，完全的，充分的ad.完全，充分invention n.发明，创造lane n.(乡间)小路；跑道；行车道lay vt.放，搁；下(蛋)learning n.学习；学问，知识measure vt.量，测量n.尺寸，大小；措施，办法private a.私人的；私下的，个人的，秘密的skill n.技能，技巧，手艺；熟练speaker n.扬声器，说话人，演讲人spend v.花费；消耗，用尽；度过，消磨teach v.教,教授,教训treat vt.治疗；论述，探讨；款待，请客；对待；处理n.款待，请客visit n.访问，参观，作客v.访问，参观，视察，巡视，常去warm a.暧和的，温暖的，热心的，热情的v.（使）变暖频率为11—15 次的词汇acquire vt.取得；获得；学到appropriate a.恰如其分的，适当的brain n.大脑；脑力，智能capital a.首位的，最重要的，基本的n.资本，资金；首都communication n. 传达，通讯；通讯系统；交通（工具）community n.社区；共同体courage n.勇气，胆量，胆识effective a.有效的；有影响的goal n.球门；得分；目的intend vt.想要，打算；意指label n.标签；标记，符号land n.陆地,土地；田地，国土，国家v.（使）登陆，（使）着陆major a.较大的n.专业，专业学生，少校v.主修，专攻obtain vt.获得，得到，obvious a.明显的，显而易见的operation n.运算；运转，开动，操作；手术plane n.平面，水平面；飞机remark v．（on）评论，谈论；注意到，察觉n.（about，on）评语，议论，意见sound a.健康的，完好的；正当的，有根据的；彻底的，充分的v.发声，响；听起来n.声音，声响specially ad.专门地，特别地；附加的，额外的stab v./n.刺，戳tempt v.,引诱,吸引,使感兴趣tradition n.传统，惯例trend vi.伸向；倾向n.倾向，趋势trouble n.烦恼，麻烦，动乱，纠纷，疾病，故障；辛苦，费心v.（使）烦恼，麻烦type n.型，类型，铅字v.打字combine vt.结合，联合compare vt.比较，相比，对比；比作composition n.作品，作文，乐曲；写作，作曲；组成，构成，结构consequence n.结果，后果convention n.大会，会议；惯例，公约，(换俘等)协定creative a.创造性的，创作的describe vt.形容；描写，描绘effort n.努力；努力的成果；艰难地尝试especial a. 特别的,特殊的especially ad.特别，尤其，格外establish vt.建立，设立；确立；安置grant n.授予物，拨款；同意，给予happen vi.(偶然)发生interpret vt.解释，说明；口译memory n.记忆；回忆；存储occur vi.发生；出现；被想到，被想起pattern n.型，式样，模，模型，图样v.仿制，模仿potential a.潜在的，可能的；势的，位的n.潜力，能力project n.方案，工程，计划vi.投射，放映；（使）凸出，（使）伸出；设计规划serious a.严肃的；主要的；严重的，危急的；认真的specific a.明确的；具体的；特定的，特有的sphere n.球，圆体；范围，领域status n.地位，身份；情形，状况translate v.翻译void a.空的，空虚的；没有的，缺乏的；无效的wave n.波，波浪；（挥手）示意，致意；飘扬，起伏v. （挥手）示意，致意；波动，飘动wise a.有智慧，聪明的attack vt.进攻，着手，开始n.（病情）发作; 进攻，着手，开始attend v.出席，参加；照顾，护理auto n.汽车blank a.空白的，失色的n.空白，表格chairman n.主席；议长，会长，董事长climate n.气候，风气，社会风潮commit vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)；把…委托给，托付给drop vt.使落下；降低evidence n.根据；证据；形迹，迹象hit vt.打；击中；撞；到达，完成n.一击，击中；轰动一时地人或事物interact vi.相互作用learned a.有学问的；学术上的maintain vt.维持；赡养；维修；坚持，主张manner n.方式；态度；礼貌meeting n.聚集，集会，会见mess n.混乱，混杂，肮脏necessary a.必需的，必要的；必然的organization n.组织体制；团体，机构physical a.物理的，自然科学的；有形的，物质的；肉体的，身体的；poet n.诗人principle n.原则，原理；主义，信念selection n.选择，挑选；选集，精选物similar a.相似的，类似的tire v.（使）疲劳；使厌倦n.轮胎，车胎trait n.特征，特点，特性vocabulary n.词汇表，词汇汇编wood n.木头，木材；[pl.]小森林，树林worth n.价值a.值…的,价值…的值得…的amateur a.业余的n.业余爱好者approach vt.向…靠近n.方法，途径，探讨assure vt.使确信；保证attach vt.缚，系；使隶属，使依附commercial a.商业的，商务的，贸易的corporation n.公司，企业；社团credit n.信用贷款；信用；名誉，名望；光荣，功劳；学分deliver vt.投递，送交；发表discipline n.纪律；训练；学科vt.训练distinct a.独特的，截然不同的；清楚的，明显的enterprise n.艰巨的事业，企业；事业心exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览expression n.词句；表达；表情；式，符号extreme n.极端，最大的程度，极度a.末端的，尽头的；极度的，极端的financial a.财政的，金融的further vt.增进，促进ad.更远，更往前a.更进一步的generation n.一代，一代人；产生highway n.公路；大路influence n.势力，权势；影响，感化v.影响，感化judge n.法官,审判员；裁判员，评判员；鉴定人v.审判，判决；评定，裁判；断定，判断later ad.后来；过一会儿layer n.层，层次；铺设者leader n.领袖；领导人local a.地方的；局部的loss n.遗失；损失；失败；亏损mechanic n.技工，机修工mend vt.改正，修正；改进origin n.起源，由来；出身，来历physician n.医生，内科医生provided conj.假如，只要，倘若relate vt.叙述，讲述；使互相关联relevant a.有关的，相应的，适当的，中肯的；实质性的，有重大意义的remain vi.剩下，余留；留待，尚须；仍然是，依旧是risk n.风险，危险，冒险v.冒…的危险rude a.无礼的，粗鲁的；猛烈的，残暴的；粗糙的，粗陋的settle v.安定，安顿；停息；安居；解决，调停site n.地点，位置；场所stake n.桩，标桩；赌注，利害关系suffer v.受痛苦，患病；受损失；遭受；忍受，忍耐threat n.威胁，恐吓，凶兆universe n.宇宙，世界advertise vi.做广告argue vi.争论，辩论，主张，说服audience n.听众，观众，读者；遏见beyond prep.在…的那边，远于，迟于，超出bid v.祝愿；命令；报价cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸n.演员表comment n./v.注释，评论，意见complex a.复杂的，合成的，综合的connect vt.连接，连结；联系continent n.大陆；洲couple n.一对；夫妇；力偶，电偶desire vt.欲望；要求n.愿望，欲望，要求emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工fundamental a.基础的，基本的historic a.有历史意义的，历史地holder n.持有/所有人,支持物hut n.小屋；棚屋；茅屋immediate a.立即的；直接的imply vt.暗示，意指independent a.独立的；自主的inner a.内部的；内心的listener n.听者，听众之一liver n.肝；肝脏medicine n.医学；内科学；内服药mission n.使命，任务；使团，代表团notice vt.注意n.通知；注意Outline n.轮廓；略图；大纲，梗概v.概述，略述perform vt.履行;表演，行动；表演；演出pick n.镐，鹤嘴锄v.拾，采，摘；挑选，选择porter n.搬运工人；门房prediction n.预言，预告；预报press n.报刊，出版社，通讯社；压榨机；压，按，v. 压，按；压榨，压迫；紧迫，催促，逼迫prevent vt.预防，防止；阻止push v.推，逼迫，催逼n.推，推力；促进，推进radical a.基本的,重要的;激进的,极端的;根本的responsible a.（for，to）应负责的，有责任的；可靠的，可信赖的；责任重大的，重要的scar n.伤疤，伤痕；创伤seek v.（after，for）寻找，探索；试图，企图simply ad.简单地；仅仅，只不过；朴素地；完全，简直speech n.言语，语言；演说，讲话stock n.备料，库存，现货；股票，v.储存stress n.压力，应力；重音v.着重，强调trade vi.经商，交易n.贸易，商业；职业，行业tribute n.贡品；颂词，称赞，（表示敬意的）礼物urge v.催促，力劝；强烈希望；鼓励，促进n.强烈欲望，迫切要求valid a.有效的；合理的，有根据的verbal a.用言辞的，用文字的；口头的；动词的wind n.风；气息，呼吸v.绕，缠；上发条within prep.在…里面，在…以内ad.在内频率为10 次的词汇access n.接近；通道，入口;接近(或进入)的方法announce vt.宣布，发表；报告…的来到cash n.现金，现款conclusion n.结束，终结；结论，推论consist vi.由…组成；在于，存在于consumption n.消费(量)，消耗contract n.契约，合同；婚约core n.果实的心，核心critical a.决定性的；批评的；临界的defend vt.保卫，防守；辩护，答辩encourage vt.鼓励，支持，怂恿excess n.超越；过量；过度exhibition n.展览focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点former a.在前的pron.前者fuel n.燃料vt.给…加燃料intention n.意图，意向，目的nearly ad.几乎，差不多official a.官方的，正式的n.官员opinion n.意见，看法，主张Ounce n. 盎司，英两Owner n.物主，所有人personality n.人格，个性；人物progress n.进展；进步v. 前进，进展；进步reject v.拒绝，抵制，驳回；丢弃；排斥，退掉relative a.有关系的，相关的；相对的，比较的resident a.居住的n.居民，常住者scatter v.散开，驱散；散步，散播sigh n 叹息声，叹息v.叹息，叹气spit v.吐痰，吐唾沫n.唾液spite n.恶意，怨恨stage n.舞台，戏剧；阶段，时期strange a.陌生的，生疏的；奇异的，奇怪的；外地的，异乡的survive v.幸免于，幸存；比…长命tale n.传说；故事traffic n.交通，交通量university n.大学频率为9 次的词汇argument n.争论，争辩，论据，论点attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性，品质，特征blame vt.责备，把…归咎于n.责任，过错，责备bound a.理应，必定，准备到…v./n.跳越challenge n.挑战，艰巨任务；难题channel n.海峡；信道；路线，途径constitute v.构成，组成；contain vt.包含，容纳；等于deep a.深的，深刻的，深切的ad.深，迟definite a.明确的；肯定的，限定的definition n.定义，释义；定界demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露directly ad.直接地；立即disease n.疾病drama n.一出戏剧，剧本；戏剧性的场面due a.预期的；应给的，应支付的；应有的engine n.发动机，引擎；机车fell vt.砍倒(树等)；砍伐figure n.数字；外形；人物v.算出，估计，推测frequent a.时常发生的；经常的fuse n.保险丝，导火线v.熔化，熔合gain v./n.获得，利益，增加gum n.口香糖；树胶intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的justify vt.证明…是正当的lame a.跛的，瘸的；有缺陷的largely ad.主要的，基本上的；大量地leisure n.空闲时间；悠闲lest conj.惟恐，以免lock n.锁vt.锁上，锁住mass n.(聚成一体的)团，块mere a.仅仅的；纯粹的mist n.薄雾motor n.发动机；机动车organize vt.组织，编组partly ad.部分地，不完全地popular a.大众的；流行的，通俗的；广受欢迎的，有名的privilege n.特权，优惠，特许v.给予优惠，给予特权prolong vt.延长，拉长，拖延prospect n.展望；前景，前途；景色revolution n.革命；旋转，转数rival n.竞争者，对手a.竞争的v.竞争，对抗sad a.悲哀的，忧愁的saw n.锯子，锯床v.锯，锯开score n.二十；(比赛)得分，得数sight n.视力；视觉；望见；视域；眼界；情景，奇观significant n.有意义的；重要的，重大的simple a.单纯的，直率的；迟钝的，头脑简单的；简单的；朴素的solar a.太阳的，日光的sort n.种类；类别v.整理，分类species n.种类；(生物分类)种spy n.间谍，特务vt.当间谍，刺探；察觉，发现station v.驻扎；安置n.车站；所，站，局；身份，地位statistics n.统计stay vi.停留，暂住；保持下去，能继续；停止，站住n.逗留，停留sufficient a.足够的，充分的suggest v.建议，提出；使想起，暗示suit n.一套(衣服)；诉讼v.合适，适合；相配，适应super a.极好的，超级的talent n.天才；才能，天资training n.训练，培养transfer v.转移，调动；转车，转业，转学；转让，过户wonder n.惊奇，惊异；奇迹，奇事v.诧异，奇怪；纳闷，想知道难怪，怪不得频率为8 次的词汇academic a.学院的；学术的admit v.承认；接纳apparent a.显而易见的，明显的；表面的，貌似的appeal v./n.呼吁要求；申述，上诉；对…有吸引力assess vt.估价，评价assume vt.假定；采取；呈现atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛；大气压attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图，努力aware a.知道的，意识到的beneath prep./ad.在…下方，向下board n.木板；全体委员；船舷v.上船，登机，上车compete vi.比赛，竞争cope vi.对付，应付damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害deed n.行为；事迹depress vt.使沮丧，压抑；降低educate vt.教育；培养；训练efficient a.效率高的；有能力的emotion n.感情；情绪；激动fashion n.样子，方式；风尚giant n.巨人；巨物hind a.后面的，后部的honor vt.给...以荣誉，尊敬n.尊敬，敬意；光荣icy a.冰冷的；冷冰冰的implication n.含义，暗示，暗指incident n.小事件；插曲；事变increasingly ad.日益，越来越多地innovation n.创新，改革，新设施liability n.责任；倾向；债务liable a.易于…的；可能的link vt.连接n.环，环节oar n.桨；划手vi.划(行)pie n.(西点)馅饼piece n.(文艺作品的)篇，首；碎片，断片v.拼合，拼凑policy n.政策，方针portion n.一部分；一分poverty n.贫穷，贫困preside vi.主持profit n.益处；利润，收益vi.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于ray n.光线,射线recommend v.推荐，介绍;劝告,建议reflect v.反映，表现；反省，细想；考虑replace vt.把…放回；取代，替换；归还responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责，任务satellite n.卫星，人造卫星security n.安全，安全感shock n.冲击，震动；电击，触电；震惊；休克v.（使）震动，（使）震惊；（使）休克statement n.陈述，声明store v. 贮备，贮藏n.商店，店铺；贮藏，贮备品survival n.幸存(者)，残存物；生存，幸存tax v.对…征税，使负重担n.税（款），负担team vi.协同工作n.小队，小组temper n.脾气,情绪;韧度,回火度threaten v.威胁，恐吓；有…危险，快要来临tight ad.紧紧地a.紧的；紧身的，装紧的；密封的，不透…的typical a.典型的，有代表性的vitamin n.维生素，维他命warn vt.警告，告诫witness n.证据，证明；目击者，证人v.目击，目睹；作证频率为7次的词汇abuse vt./ n.滥用；虐待；谩骂adopt vt.收养；采用；通过aggressive a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心的；敢作敢为的artificial a.人工的；人为的，造作的assert vt.断言，宣称assumption n. 假设，承担bear n.熊v.忍受；负担；结果实，生子女bright a.明亮的；聪明的；聪明的chief n.首领，领袖a.主要的，首要的circumstance n.情况，形势，环境；经济情形，境况conduct n.举止，行为，品行v.引导，带领；处理，管理；指挥confidence n.信任，信心；私房话；秘密，机密confront vt.面临，遭遇，面对consistent a.前后一致的，连贯的constant a.经常的，不断的；永恒的，坚定的，忠实的construct vt.建造，建设，构筑contest vt.竞争，竞赛，比赛counter n.柜台，计数器criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯a.犯罪的，刑事的crude a.生的，未熟的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的，粗野的current a. 当前的；通用的n.电流，水流；潮流，趋势desirable a.值得期望的；称心如意的despite prep.不管，不顾digital a.数字的，计数的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的；模糊的distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinction n.差别，不同，区分diver vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲dome n.圆屋顶，拱顶dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的；剧烈的dying a.垂死的；临终的emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出entitle vt.把…称作，给以权利（或资格），给…题名eventually ad.终于；最后expand vt.扩大；使膨胀fault n.缺点；过失；故障flow vi.流，流动intelligent a.聪明的；理智的interior n.内部a.内部的introduce vt.提出(议案等)；介绍；引进；采用item n.条，条款；项目leading a.指导的；最主要的literature n.文学；文献，文学作品loud a.响亮的，大声的；吵闹的magazine n.杂志，期刊male a.男的，雄的n.男子manifest vt.表明，显示a.明白的mention v．/n.提到，说起note n.钞票，纸币；笔记；暗语；注释；便条occasion n.场合，时刻；时机odd a.奇数的；单只的；奇怪的；临时的，不固定的；带零头的party n.聚会，政党，党派；一方，当事人phrase n.短语；习惯用语，词语positive a.正的；阳性的；十足的，完全的；积极的，肯定的；确实的，明确的precise a.精确的，准确的pride n.骄傲；自满；自豪，自尊心，傲慢；引以自豪的东西v.使自豪，使自夸rare a.稀有的,珍奇的;稀薄的，难得的，稀疏的regulation n.规章，规则；调节，校准；调整remove vt.移动，搬开；脱掉，运走；去掉，排除resolve vt.决心，决定；（使）分解，溶解；议决，决议n.解决，解答；决心；决议reward n.（for）报酬，赏金，奖赏v.（for）酬劳，奖赏；酬谢，报答，奖酬row n.(一)排，(一)行；吵嚷，口角v.划（船）等，荡桨satisfaction n.满意，满足；乐事，愉快scale n.刻度，标度；天平，磅秤，秤；比例尺；规模；音阶；鱼鳞single a.单一的，单个的；独身的未婚的；单人的span n.跨距；一段时间spirit n.精神；气概，志气；[pl.]情绪，心情；[pl.]酒精，烈酒spread v.伸开，伸展；传播，散布n. 伸开，伸展；传播，散布stern n.船尾，舟尾a.严厉的，苛刻的；坚决的，坚定的storage n.贮藏量，保管；库房succeed v.成功；继承，接替telephone n.电话,电话机v.打电话trip v.失足，绊倒n.旅行，远足turn v.转动，旋转，翻（转），（使）变化，变成n.旋转；变向；转弯，旋转；轮流universal ad.普遍的，全体的，通用的；宇宙的，世界的vast a.巨大的；大量的；巨额的warning n.警告，频率为6 次的词汇absorb vt.吸收；使专心accomplish vt.完成admire vt.钦佩；赞美afford vt.买的起，担负得起…；供给appreciate vt.感激；正确评价，欣赏arise vi.出现，发生；（from）由…引起（产生）assemble vt.集合，召集；装配associate vi.使联系，使联合；交往n.伙伴，同事，同行background n.背景，后景，经历blind a.瞎的，盲目的n.百叶窗；窗帘；遮帘v.使失明，蒙蔽boom n./v. 迅速发展，兴旺，发出隆隆声camp n.野营，营地，兵营，帐篷v.设营，宿营candidate n.候选人，候补者，报名者casual a.偶然的；临时的，非正式的cement n.水泥，胶泥，胶接剂v.粘结，粘紧certainly ad.一定，必定；当然，行characterize vt.表示...的特征committee n.委员会；全体委员commodity n.商品，物品comparative a.比较的，相当的comparison n.比较，对照；比喻，比拟concentration n.集中；专心；浓缩conform v.遵守，依照，符合consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴，照顾；需要考虑的事，理由convenient a.便利的；方便的conversation n.会谈，谈话crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪define vt.给…下定义；限定degree n.程度；度；学位；等级delay vt.推迟；耽搁；延误dependence n. 依赖,依存；信赖derive v.取得，引申出;起源description n.描写，形容；种类desert vt.遗弃；擅离(职守)n.沙漠，不毛之地deserve vt.应受，值得device n.器械，装置，设备；设计，方法distance n.距离；远处efficiency n.效率；功效，效能emotional a.感情的，情绪的employer n.雇佣者，雇主entertain vt.使欢乐；招待estimate vt.估计，评价n.估计，评估exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出excessive a.过多的，极度的，过分的exclusive a.专有的，独占的；排外的explosion n.爆炸，爆发，extent n.广度；范围；程度flash vi.(火焰等)一闪,闪亮，闪现n.闪光forward ad.向前，前进gift n.礼物，赠品；天赋grand a.庄严的；伟大的；盛大的guarantee n./v.保证；担保happiness n.幸福，幸运；快乐hemisphere n.半球hence ad.因此，所以；今后host n.主人；东道主；一大群，许多；主持人ignore vt.不顾，不理，忽视impact n.影响，作用；冲击v.冲击，装紧impose vi.征税；把…强加给impress vt.印;留下极深的印象indeed ad.的确；真正地initial a.最初，开始insurance n.保险；保险费，保险业introduction n.介绍；引进；引言lag vi.走得慢，落后n.落后lawyer n.律师lecture n./vi.演讲，讲课lung n.肺脏，肺mankind n.人类master n.主人；能手；硕士v.精通，掌握native a.本国的，本土的necessity n.必要性；必然性；必需品net vt.用网捕；用网覆盖a.净的，纯净的noise n.喧闹声；响声；噪声notion n.概念，意念；看法，观念offend v.冒犯，犯过错oppose vt.反对；反抗optimistic a.乐观的；乐观主义的orient n.东方；亚洲，远东v.定…的_______方位partial a.部分的；不公平的；偏袒的persuade vt.劝说；说服；相信philosopher n.哲学家，哲人pine n.松树，松木plus prep.加a.正的，加的n.加号，正号port n.港，港口possess vt.占用，拥有(财产)property n.财产；资产，所有物；性质，特性proportion n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡，相称psychological a.心理的，心理学的rational a.理性的,合理的regular a.有规则的，有规律的；整齐的，匀称的，正规的，正式的remarkable a.值得注意的；显著的，异常的，非凡的represent vt.描绘；代表；象征，代理；阐明，说明resign v.辞去，辞职retire vi.退休，引退；退却，撤退；就寝reveal vt.展现，显示；揭示，揭露，告诉，泄露sand n.沙；[pl.]沙滩，沙地scope n.（活动）范围；余地，机会screen n.屏风，屏幕；帘v.掩蔽，包庇；筛选secure a.（from，against）安全的，可靠的，放心的v.得到，获得；防护，保卫sensitive a.（to）敏感的，易受伤害的；灵敏的severe a.严格的，严厉的；剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，艰难的significance n.意义，含义；重要性，重大smooth a.光滑的，平滑的；平稳的；平静的；顺利的；流畅的；柔和的solid a.固体的；实心的；结实的，稳固的，可靠的n.固体solution n.解决方法，解答；溶解，溶液strain n.过多的疲劳，紧张；张力，应变v.扭伤，拉伤；拉紧，扯紧；紧张，尽力sudden a.突然的，意外的。
2020考研英语二5500词汇(适合打印)
transcend vt.超出,超越(经验、知识、能力的范围等) sow v.播种undergo vt.遭受,经历,承受spill v.溢出,溅出 n.摔下,跌下urge vt.催促;怂恿;强调 n.强烈欲望,迫切要求supervise v.管理,监督want vt.想要;希望;需要;缺,缺少 n.需要;短缺wander v.漫步,徘徊;迷路,迷失方向;离题warn vt.警告 vi.发出警告wrap v.裹,缠,卷,包 n.披肩,围巾acquaint vt.(with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉abide vi.(abode，abided)(by)遵守；坚持advertise vt.公告，公布；为...做广告 vi.登广告adhere vi.(to)粘着；坚持，遵守；依附，追随Allow vt.允许，准许；承认；给予；(for)考虑到apply vi.(以书面形式)申请；请求 vt.应用；实施analyse vt.（analyze）分析，分解approach v.靠近，接近n.接近；途径，入门;方式,方法appreciate vt.为...表示感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识，评价aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于argue vi.辩论，争论 vt.辩论，论证；说服，劝说bark vi.(狗等)吠，叫n.吠声，叫声；树皮assess vt.(为征税)评估(财产、收入)；征税；评价burn v.燃烧，烧着；烧毁；灼伤 n.烧伤，灼伤attract vt.引起的注意(或兴趣等),吸引；引起；激起burst v.爆裂,炸破;突然发生 n.突然破裂,爆发augment vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张cater vi.(for/to)满足,迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务bother vt.打扰，麻烦 vi.担心，烦恼 n.烦恼，焦急clarify v.澄清,阐明break vt.打破；中止；违反 vi.破(裂) n.休息时间collide vi.[with]互撞，碰撞；冲突，抵触caress vt.／n.爱抚，抚摸condemn v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪commence vt.开始 vi.获得学位conform vi.(to)遵守，适应；相似，一致，符合compare vt.(to，with)比较；(to)把…比作vi.相比cover v.覆盖,包括,涉及 n.盖子,套子;(书的)封面deduce vt.(from)演绎,推断,推论elapse vi．(时间)溜走；(光阴)逝去denounce vt.公开指责,公然抨击;谴责erase v.擦掉;删去;消磁depart vi.离开,起程 a.过去的,逝世的giggle vi.／n.痴笑；咯咯地笑 vt.咯咯地笑着说detach vt.分开, 分离, 分遣, 派遣(军队) grind v.磨(碎),碾(碎)disregard vt.不理会;忽视;漠视 n.忽视;漠视hover vi.(鸟)盘旋，翱翔，(人)逗留在附近徘徊ebb vi.衰退，减退 n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态insist vi.(on)坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持initiate vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入lash v.鞭打,摆动,捆扎 n.鞭子,鞭打,睫毛,讽刺install vt.(instal)安装,设置,安置；使就职,任命look vi./n.看，注视 v.好像，显得 n.外表，脸色insult vt./n.侮辱,凌辱operate v.操作,运转,开动,起作用,动手术introduce vt.介绍；引进，传入；提出(议案等) perform v.履行,执行;表演,演出;完成(事业)invade vt.入侵,侵略,侵袭,侵扰polish v.磨光,擦亮;使优美,润饰 n.擦光剂,上光蜡lie vi.躺，平放；处于；位于 v.说谎 n.谎话pour v.灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, 流, 倾盆大雨listen vi.倾听(与介词to并用，方可置宾语) praise v.赞扬,歌颂;表扬 n.称赞,赞美;赞美的话manipulate vt.(熟练地)使用，操作；(巧妙地)处理rub v.擦,摩擦menace vt./n.有危险性的人(或物)；威胁，威吓scramble vi.(快速地)爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先rouse vt./vi.唤醒，唤起；激励；激起soar vi.(指鸟等)高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸shrug vt./n.耸肩(表示冷淡、怀疑、无奈、不满等) subscribe vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意vt.捐助，赞助stand vi.站立；位于；经受 n.台，座；货摊；立场suppress v.镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁stay vi.逗留；保持vt.停止，延缓n.逗留，停留terminate vi.(使)结束，(使)停止sustain vt.支撑,撑住;维持,持续,经受,忍耐translate v.翻译，解释；转化，throw vt.扔；使突然陷入；使困惑n.投掷(距离) twinkle vi.(星等)闪烁，(眼情)发亮 n.闪烁，闪光aesthetic a.(esthetic)美学的，艺术的；审美的access n.进入；接入；到达；享用权；入口 vi.存取amateur a.&n.业余(水平)的(运动员、艺术家等)adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的，用作形容词的analytic a.(analytical)分析的；分解的appointment n.约会,约定；任命,委派;委任的职位April (名)四月approval n.批准，通过；赞成，同意cautious a.(of)小心的,谨慎的athlete n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮的人characteristic a.(of)特有的,独特的 n.特征,特性breach n.违反，不履行；破裂 vt.冲破，攻破classmate(名)同班同学canal n.运河;(沟)渠conscious a.(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的copy n.抄本，摹本；(一)本 vt.抄写；考试中抄袭consistent a.(in)前后一致的；（with）一致，符合corridor n.走廊,通路eager a.(for)渴望的,热切的critic n.批评家,评论家enough a.(for)足够的 n.足够,充分 ad.足够地discipline n.纪律,学科fantastic a.(fantastical)奇异的,幻想的,异想天开的dividend n.红利，股息；回报，效益；被除数favorable a.(favourable)赞许的,有利的,讨人喜欢的engagement n.约会,约定;婚约,订婚fond a.(of)喜爱的,爱好的entry n.进入,入口;通道;记载,条目full a.(of)满的,充满的 a./ad.完全,充分evolution n.进化,演变,发展,进展guilty a.(of)有罪的,内疚的expedition n.远征(队),探险(队)honorable a.(honourable)可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的form n.形状,形式;表格 v.组成,构成;形成inclusive a.(of)包括的,包含的;范围广的formation n.形成;构成;组织;构造;编制;塑造independent a.(of)独立的,自主的fortune n.运气;命运;财产;财富indicative a.(of)指示的,暗示的image n.形象，声誉；印象；像；形象的描述，比喻innocent a.(of)清白的,无罪的;无害的;单纯的,无知的joy n.欢乐,喜悦;乐事,乐趣jealous a.(of)妒忌的;猜疑的,警惕的luck n.运气;好运,侥幸marvelous a.(marvellous)惊人的,奇迹般的,妙极的mechanic n.技工,机修工okay a.(okey，OK，O.K.)好，行，不错 n.同意monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆,遗迹,不朽的业绩proud a.(of)自豪的;引以自豪的;妄自尊大的motion n.运动,动;提议,动议 v.提议,动议ready a.(for)准备好的,现成的;甘心的movement n.运动,活动;移动,迁移responsible a.(for,to)应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的observation n.观察,观测,监视;(pl.)观察资料;观察力secure a.(from,against)安全的,放心的v.得到;防护operation n.运转,开动,操作,手术,运算,经营separate a.(from)分离的,分开的playground n.运动场,游戏场skilled a.(in)熟练的,有技能的;需要技能的refusal n.拒绝,回绝sophomore(中学、大学)二年级学生ring n.戒指;环;铃声;(打)电话 v.按(铃),敲(钟) sufficient a.(for)足够的,充分的(比enough拘谨、正式) ruby n.红宝石suitable a.(for)合适的,适宜的shape n.形状,外形;情况,状态;种类v.成型,塑造suspicious a.(of)可疑的,多疑的,疑心的situation n.形势,处境,状况;位置,场所;职位,职务typical a.(of)典型的,有代表性的skill n.技能,技巧,手艺;熟练worthy a.(of)值得…的,配得上…的;有价值的technician n.技术员,技师,技工predominant a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的technique n.技巧，手艺，技能；技术，工艺skillful a.(skilful)(in,at)灵巧的,娴熟的viewpoint n.观点static a.(statical)静态的,静力的wagon n.运货马车,运货车;敞蓬车厢adjacent a.(to)(时间上)紧接着的；邻近的，毗邻的ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团aerial a.(在或来自)空中的，航空的 n.天线bloom n.花(朵);开花(期) v.开花any a.(用于否定句、疑问句等)什么,一些;任何的blossom n.花(簇)；花期；青春 vi.开花；展开；繁荣available a.(用于物)可利用的；可见到的，接受采访的bud n.芽,花苞 v.发芽,含苞欲放beneficial a.(to)有利的,有益的cemetery n.坟墓，墓地，坟场benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的contribution n.贡献；捐款，捐献物；投稿bitter a.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的deficit n.赤字,逆差;亏损,亏空;不足,缺乏calm a.(天气,海洋等)静的 n.平静 v.(使)平静discount n.折扣；贴现(率) vt.打折扣;不重视chronic a.(疾病)慢性的;积习难改的;严重的,坏的equator n.赤道comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的expenditure n.花费;(时间,金钱等的)支出,消耗contrary a.(to)相反的,矛盾的 n.反对,矛盾;相反expense n.花费,消费,消耗convenient a.(to)便利的,方便的flower n.花；精华，精粹，精英；盛时 vi.开花discreet a.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的grave n.坟墓 a.严肃的,庄重的due a.(to)应支付的;(车,船等)预定应到达的investment n.投资,投资额equivalent a.(to)相等的,等价的 n.相等物,等价物lace n.花边;带子,鞋带 v.系带,扎带far a./ad.远，久远，遥远 ad.到…程度，…得多lever n.杆,杠杆,手段,途径,工具fit a.(病的)发作，痉挛 v./a.n.合适,试穿,安装newspaper n.报纸grateful a.(to,for)感激的;感谢的nurse n.护士,保姆 v.护理,看护helpful a.(to)有帮助的,有益的,有用的passport n.护照,达到某种目的的手段hot a.(炎)热的；辣的；急躁的；激动的；热衷的peanut n.花生identical a.(to.with)同一的,同样的pit n.坑,陷阱;煤矿,矿井immigrant a.(从国外)移来的,移民的 n.移民,侨民prestige n.声望,威望,威信indispensable a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的reed n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛intrinsic a.(指价值、性质)固有的，本质的，内在的reporter n.报告人,通讯员;记者,报导者less a./ad.更少的(地),更小的(地)restraint n.抑制,制止loose a.(宽)松的；不精确的；自由的，散漫的revenge n.报复,复仇 v.替…报仇loyal a.(to)忠诚的,忠贞的rod n.杆,棒own a.(用在所有格后面，加强语气)自己的shell n.壳,贝壳;炮弹preferable a.(to)更可取的,更好的soda n.苏打,汽水regardless a./ad.不管…的,不顾…的,不注意的sound n.声音v.发声,响a.健全的,完好的;正当的resistant a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的statement n.声明,陈述sensitive a.(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的tomb n.坟,冢similar a.(to)相似的,类似的torment n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨；纠缠so-called a.(贬)所谓的，号称的tribute n.贡品;颂词,称赞,(表示敬意的)礼物solitary a.(好)孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的trigger n.扳机 vt.触发，引起strict a.(with)严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的vase n.花瓶,瓶subordinate a.(to)次要的,从属的;下级的voice n.声音;嗓音;发音能力;意见,发言权;语态systematic a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的vote n.投票,表决;选票,选票数 v.投票,表决tall a.(身材)高的,高大的；夸大的,离谱的wreath n.花环,花圈above a.上述的 ad.在上面 prep.在..之上，高于actor n.男演员；演员，行动者abundant a.大量(充足)的；(in)丰富(富裕)的ankle n.足踝，踝关节artificial beloved a.人工的，人造的，人为的；虚伪的，做作bean 的a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人boyn.豆;菜豆,蚕豆n.男孩子，儿子；男性服务员big a.大的；重要的；宽宏大量的；大受欢迎的cottage n.村舍,小屋,别墅bold a.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的denial n.否认;拒绝;否认某事或某事实的声明careful a.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的doctor n.医生;博士 vt.授以博士学位;诊断;修改clear a./ad.清晰的(地)vt.清除；使清楚vi.变清澈drought n.旱灾,干旱coherent a.一致的，协调的；(话语等)条理清楚的enclosure n.围住,圈起,封入,附件cunning a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的) era n.时代,年代,阶段,纪元decimal a.十进的,小数的,十进制的 n.小数football n.足球direct a./ad.径直的(地) v.管理,指导;(at,to)指向fortnight n.两星期dry a.干(旱)的；干渴的；枯燥 vt.使干燥，晒干hospital n.医院each a./pron.各,各自的,每junction n.连接,接合,交叉点,枢纽站,接头,中继线few a.[表肯定]有些，几个；[表否定]几乎没有的lad n.男孩,小伙子first a./ad.第一；最初;首次 n.开始pron.第一名locker n.更衣箱following a.下列的，下述的，其次的，接着的mail n.邮件 v.邮寄general a.一般的,普通的;总的,大体的 n.将军master n.男主人;师傅;硕士 v.精通,控制 a.主要的human a.人的,人类的 n.人material n.材料,原料,资料a.物质的,肉体的,实质性的industrial a.工业的,产业的nut n.坚果;螺母,螺帽inferior a.下等的,下级的;劣等的,差的 n.下级,晚辈pace n.步,步伐,步调,速度 v.踱步,用步测infrared a./n.红外线(的) pedestrian n.步行者 a.徒步的,呆板的,通俗的inland a./ad.国内,内地,内陆period n.时期,时代;学时;周期,一段时间;句点junior a./n.年少的/者,三年级的/学生,下级(的) portrait n.肖像,画像large a.大的,广大的,大规模的postage n.邮费,邮资little a.小，幼小；不多的 ad./n.不多，几乎没有postman n.邮递员loud a.大声的,响亮的;吵闹的,喧嚣的resolution n.坚决,决心;决定,决议massive a.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的rifle n.步枪petty a.小(器、规模)的,不重要的,细微的,卑鄙的scarf n.围巾,头巾,领巾,领带several a.几个，若干，数个；各个的，各自的schedule n.时间表,进度表 v.安排,预定small a.小的；年幼的；不重要的；小规模(经营)的serial n.连载小说，连续剧；连载刊物 a.连续的some a.几个；一些；有些；某(人或物) pron.一些soccer n.足球swift a./ad.快的(地);敏捷的(地)a.立刻的n.雨燕stamp n.邮票;印;跺脚;标志v.跺脚,顿足;盖章that a./pron.那，那个 ad.那么 conj.[引导从句] step n.步;台阶,梯级;步骤,措施 v.踏,走,举步ultraviolet a./n.紫外线(的) succession n.连续,系列;继任,继承upper a.上面的;上部的,较高的tense n.时态 v.拉紧，(使)紧张 a.绷紧的，紧张的which worse a./pron.哪个，哪些；什么样的；那个，那time些a./ad.更坏,更差(的/地) tonn.时间，时刻；次，回；时代，时期；倍，乘n.吨;(pl.)大量,许多worst a./ad.最坏(的),最差(的) village n.村,村庄artistic a.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的address n.住址；致词 v.向...致词；在信封上写姓名Catholic a.天主教的 n.天主教徒audience n.听众，观众，读者；见面，会见crude a.天然的,未加工的;未熟的;粗鲁的,粗野的author n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人customary a.习惯的,惯例的barn n.谷仓,仓库desperate dominant a.不顾一切的，铤而走险的；绝望的，危急behalf 的a.支配的,统治的,占优势的benefitn.利益n.利益,好处,恩惠 v.有益于;(from,by)受益extensive a.广大的,广阔的body n.身体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆feminine a.女性的;娇柔的bulk n.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块futile a.无效的，无用的，无希望的composition n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分ignorant a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的compromise n.妥协，折衷vi.妥协vt.危及，放弃(原则等) illegal a.不合法的,非法的confusion n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱immense a.广大的,巨大的;[口]极好的corn n.谷物,庄稼,玉米impatient a.不耐烦的,急躁的crop n.作物,庄稼;(谷类等的)一熟收成;一批,大量impossible a.不可能的；难以忍受的，很难对付的dictation n.听写,口述;命令incredible a.不可相信的,惊人的,不可思议的difficulty n.困难,困境,难题individual a.个人的,单独的;独特的 n.个人,个体dwelling n.住宅,寓所inevitable a.不可避免的,必然发生的figure n.体形;轮廓;数字;图形v.描绘;计算;推测infinite a.无限的,无穷的 n.无限finance n.财政,金融 v.为…提供资金innumerable a.无数的,数不清的grain n.谷物,谷类;颗粒,细粒irrespective a.不顾的,不考虑的,无关的hearing n.听,倾听;听力;审讯married a.已婚的,夫妇的;(to)与…结婚的hope n.希望，期望；希望的人或事 v.希望，期望Marxist a.马克思主义的 n.马克思主义者housing n.住房，住房供给；(外、阀)壳，防护罩naive a.天真的identity n.身份;本体;特征;同一(性);一致;国籍;等式obsolete a.已废弃的,过时的implication n.含意，暗示，暗指；牵连opaque a.不透明(光)的;难理解的,晦涩的locality n.位置,地点oral a.口头的location n.位置,场所,定位,测位patent a.专利的,特许的n.专利(权、品)v.批准专利needle n.针,指针,针状物personal a.个人的,私人的;亲自的;身体的,人身的pin n.钉;大头针,别针,徽章 v.(up)钉住,别住reckless a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的position n.位置;职位;姿势,姿态;见解,立场,形势royal a.王室的,皇家的;第一流的,高贵的profit n.利润,收益 v.(by,from)得利,获益;有利于rural a.乡下的,田园的,乡村风味的property n.财产,资产,地产,房地产,所有物;性质,特性thirsty a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的residence n.住处,住宅timely a.及时的,适时的revenue n.财政收入,税收uneasy a.不安的,焦虑的site n.位置,场所,地点unlike a.不同的,不相似的 prep.不象,和…不同stadium n.体育场unusual a.不平常的,与众不同的tent n.帐篷vague a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的treasure n.财宝,财富;珍品 v.珍爱,珍惜wholesome a.卫生的;有益的;健康的,有益健康的uncle n.伯父，叔父，舅父，姑父，姨父wooden a.木制的;呆笨的wealth n.财富,财产;大量abnormal a.反常的，不正常的，不规则的angle n.角，角度 v.钓鱼；(采用各种方法）取得central a.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的band n.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙 v.缚,绑扎chemical a.化学的 n.(pl.)化学制品,化学药品bar n.条,杆,闩;酒吧;栅,障碍(物) v.闩上,阻拦civil a.公民的,市民的;民间的;民用的;有礼貌的bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆) v.(给…)洗澡cognitive a.认知的，认识能力的bed n.床,床位；(苗)床,坛；河床，(湖、海的)底comparative a.比较的,相当的belly n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛comprehensiv a.内容广泛的,总括性的，综合的e continual a.不断的,连续的,频繁的bowelcarn.肠；［pl.］内部，深处 n.汽车，车辆，车；(火车)车厢dental a.牙齿的；牙科(用)的condition n.条件，状况，环境 vt.决定；支配；训练documentary a.文献的 n.记录片conscience n.良心,良知enormous a.巨大的,庞大的corner n.角，街角；偏僻处； vt.将…逼入困境；fair a.公平的,合理的;相当的 n.集市,交易会delight n.快乐,高兴 v.(使)高兴,(使)欣喜fierce a.凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的,强烈的desert n.沙漠,不毛之地 v.抛弃,遗弃;擅离,开小差friendly a.友好的,友谊的diet n.饮食,食物gigantic a.巨大的,庞大的disaster n.灾难,大祸;彻底的失败handy a.手边的,近便的;方便的ditch n.沟,沟渠,水沟historical a.历史的;有关历史的elbow n.肘，(衣服的)肘部vt.用肘推，用肘挤huge a.巨大的,庞大的finish n.完成;结束;磨光 v.完成;结束;用完;毁掉illiterate a.文盲的,未受教育的interval n.间隔,间歇;(幕间或工间)休息inner a.内部的,里面的;内心的island n.岛，岛屿；(道路上的)交通安全岛interim a.中间的,暂时的,临时的 n.过渡时期,暂定item n.条(款)，项目；一则(新闻)，(戏剧的)节目interior a.内部的,里面的 n.内部,内地liver n.肝,肝脏intermediate a.中间的,居间的;中级的 n.中间体,媒介物nothing n.没有东西；什么也没有；无关紧要的人或事internal a.内部的,内的;国内的,内政的pebble n.卵石kind a.仁慈的，友好的，亲切的，和蔼的 n.种类petrol n.汽油literary a.文学上的,文学的;精通文学的,从事写作的pitch n.沥青;掷 v.用沥青覆盖;投掷,扔long a.长的，长时间的，长期的 ad.长久，长期地preface n.序言,引言,前言 v.作序,写前言lunar a.月亮的role n.角色,作用,任务,职责manual a.手的,手工做的,体力的 n.手册,指南sand n.沙;(pl.)沙滩,沙地medieval a.中世纪的,中古(时代)的,老式的,原始的snack n.快餐,小吃,点心neutral a.中立的;中性的,中和的space n.间隔;空地,余地;空间 v.留间隔,隔开owing a.欠的,未付的spy n.间谍 v.当间谍,刺探;察觉,发现public a.公共的,公用的;公开的,公然的n.公众,民众state n.状态,情况;国,州 v.陈述,说明reluctant a.不愿的,勉强的steamer n.汽船,轮船solar a.太阳的,日光的suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑；一点儿，少量tedious a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的system n.系统，体系；制度；方法，方式，步聚tremendous a.巨大的,极大的treaty n.条约，协议，协商vast a.巨大的,辽阔的,大量的;巨额的turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机widespread a.分布广泛的,普遍的vicinity n.邻近,附近accurate a.正确无误的；准确的，精确的accessory n.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰advisable a.可取的，适当的，明智的allowance n.补贴，津贴；零用钱；减价，折扣；允许ambiguous a.引起歧义的，模棱两可的，含糊不清的appendix n.附录，附属物；阑尾，盲肠ancient a.古代的，古老的，古式的certificate n.证(明)书,执照antique a.古式的，过时的n.有价值的古物，古董change n.改变,变化;零钱 v.更换,调换,交换;改变applicable a.可应用(实施)的；适当的,合适的chicken n.鸡肉；鸡，小鸡，小鸟controversial a.引起争论的,有争议的clinic n.诊所correct a.正确的,恰当的,端正的 v.改正,纠正,矫正eccentric a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人compensatio n.补偿(或赔偿)的款物；补偿，赔偿n complement n.补足物，船上的定员；补语 vt.补充，补足economical a.节约的,经济的coupon n.证明持券人有某种权利的卡片，票证，赠券edible a.可食用的criticism n.评论性的文章，评论；批评，指责，非难essential a.本质的,基本的;净化的 n.本质;要素curse n.诅咒,咒语,祸因 vt.诅咒,咒骂,使受罪extreme a.末端的,尽头的;极度的 n.极端;最大程度dictionary n.词典,字典fairy a.幻想中的;虚构的;优雅的 n.仙女;精灵editorial n.社论 a.社论的；编辑上的fearful a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕，担心，惊恐effort n.努力;成就;艰难的尝试feasible a.可行的;切实可行的;行得通的;可用的endurance n.忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性)formal a.正式的;形式的facility n.灵巧,熟练;(pl.)设备,设施,便利条件former a.以前的,在前的 pron.前者identification n.识别,鉴别;证件;认同intelligible a.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的improvement n.改进,进步,增进;改进措施lovely a.可爱的,好看的;令人愉快的,美好的innovation n.改革，革新；新观念，新方法，新发明mobile a.可动的,活动的,运动的inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞,激励native a.本地的,本国的;天生的 n.本地人,本国人jam n.阻塞,轧住;果酱 v.(使)阻塞,(使)轧住不动natural a.正常的;自然界的,天然的,天赋的,固有的king n.君主，国王negligible a.可忽略不计的，微不足道的land n.陆地,土地,国家 v.(使)靠岸(登陆,降落) normal a.正常的,普通的;正规的,标准的layer n.层，层次；铺设者optional a.可以任选的,随意的,非强制的obstruction n.妨碍,障碍物pathetic a.可怜的, 悲惨的patch n.补丁,斑点,碎片小块 v.补,修补,掩饰peculiar a.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的proof n.证据,证明;校样,样张possible a.可能的,做得到的;合理的;可允许的socialism n.社会主义raw a.未煮过的,生的;未加工过的,未经训练的society n.社会;社团,协会,社;社交界,上流社会sane a.心智健全的,神志清醒的,明智的,稳健的sociology n.社会学straightforwa a.正直的;简单的,易懂的 ad.坦率地soulstereotype n.灵魂,心灵;精神,精力;人 n.陈规，老套，模式化 vt.使定型，使模式化rd thoughtful a.认真思考的,沉思的;体贴的,关心的thrift a.节约，节俭subsidy n.补助金；津贴费twin a.双的,成对的,孪生的 n.孪生子,双生子supplement n.补遗;增刊;附录 v.增刊,补充ugly a.丑陋的,难看的;丑恶的,讨厌的tail n.尾巴；尾部；跟踪者 vt.尾随，跟踪unlikely a.未必的,靠不住的testimony n.证据,证词;表明,说明weird a.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量;词汇表wretched a.可怜的;悲惨的;肮脏的;恶劣的word n.词，词语；言语，话；谈话；消息，信息angry a.生气的，愤怒的；(天气)风雨交加的adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的，青少年的another a.另一个，又，再 pron.另一个，类似的一个bronze n.青铜；青铜色，古铜色；青铜制品，铜牌chief a.主要的,首要的 n.首领,领袖bruise n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤diplomatic a.外交的,从事外交的;策略的,有手腕的burden n.担子，重担，负担 vt.给予负担或麻烦eastern a.东方的,东部的button n.纽扣,按钮(开关) v.扣紧;扣上纽扣electric a.电的,导电的,电动的cash n.现金,现款 v.兑现,付(或收)现款electrical a.电的,电学的circuit n.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路electronic a.电子的climax n.顶点,高潮exciting a.令人兴奋的,使人激动的complaint n.抱怨，诉苦，怨言，控告；疾病exterior a.外部的,外面的 n.外部doll n.玩偶,玩具娃娃external a.外部的;客观的;外国的;表面的;[医]外用的donkey n.驴子；蠢人；顽固的人extinct a.灭绝的;熄灭了的drawer n.抽屉flat a.平坦的,扁平的,平淡的 n.一套房间;平面environment n.环境,外界foreign a.外国的,(to)无关的;外来的;异质的expression n.表达;表情;声调;腔调;榨出;措词;式;符号hasty a.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的fun n.玩笑,娱乐;有趣的人(或事物)horrible a.令人恐惧的，可怕的；极讨厌的，糟透的garbage n.垃圾hungry a.饥饿的,渴望的juvenile n.青少年,少年读物 a.青少年的, 幼稚的instrumental a.仪器的;器械的;乐器的;起作用的;有帮助的latitude n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区northern a.北方的,北部的liability n.责任,义务;(pl.)债务optimistic a.乐观主义的list n.表,目录,名单 v.把…编列成表,列入表内oriental a.东方的,东方诸国的 n.东方人litter n.垃圾,(杂乱的)废物 v.使杂乱,乱丢other a.另外的，其他的 n./pron.另一个人(或事)lottery n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事outer a.外部的,外面的,外层的paper n.纸；纸制品；报纸；(pl)文件；试卷；论文outward a.外面的,公开的,向外的ad.向外,在外n.外表p henomenon n.现象,稀有现象,珍品,奇迹,杰出人才overseas a.外国的,海外的 ad.在海外rag n.抹布,破布,碎布parallel a.平行的,相同的,类似的n.平行线,类似,对比reality n.现实,实际;真实physiological a.生理学的, 生理学上的regulation n.规则,规章;调节,校准;调整pleasant a.令人愉快的 vt.使高兴 vi.满意；喜欢responsibility n.责任,责任心;职责,任务productive a.生产(性)的,能产的,多产的rose n.玫瑰,蔷薇reliable a.可靠的,可信赖的,确实的rubbish n.垃圾,废物;废话right a.右的,正确的 n.右,权利ad.在右边,正确地summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议satisfactory a.令人满意的,圆满的,良好的,符合要求的surface n.表面；外表 a.表面的，肤浅的soluble a.可溶的textile n.纺织品 a.纺织的subjective a.主观(上)的，个人的token n.表示;标志;记号;代用硬币 a.象征性的troublesome a.令人烦恼的,讨厌的top n.顶，顶端；首位；顶点 a.最高的；顶上的used a.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常toy n.玩具 vi.(with)漫不经心地考虑；摆弄verbal a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的tractor n.拖拉机,牵引车vital a.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的weapon n.武器,兵器white a.白色的；苍白的；白种的 n.白色；白种人youth n.青年;年轻人Alert a.机警的，警觉的；机灵的 vt.使…警觉acquisition n.取得，学到，养成(习惯)；获得的东西born a.出生的，产生的；天生的，十足的acre n.英亩；田地；地产compulsory a.必须做的，强制性的，(课程)必修的apple n.苹果，苹果树considerate a.考虑周到的,体谅的avenue n.林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法democratic a.民主的board n.板,木板;全体委员;伙食 v.上船(车,飞机) dizzy a.头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的compartment n.卧车包房,(客车车厢内的)隔间;分隔的空间dynamic a.动力的,电动的;有生气的constitution n.构成,构造,组成(方式),成分;体格;宪法excess a.过量的,额外的 n.过量;过剩;超额;无节制counter n.柜台;计数器 a./ad.相反(的) v.反对,反击excessive a.过多的;过分的;额外cricket n.板球;蟋蟀horizontal a.地平线的;水平的cup n.杯子；奖杯，优胜杯；(一)杯，一杯的容量immediate a.立即的,即时的;直接的,最接近的diameter n.直径ingenious a.机敏的;有独创性的;精致的;精巧制成的distress n.苦恼;危难;不幸 v.使苦恼instant a.立即的;紧迫的;(食品)速溶的 n.瞬间,时刻enterprise n.事业,企(事)业单位;事业心,进取心intensive judicial local a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的,精耕细作的entertainmen n.招待,款待;表演文娱节目a.司法的，法庭的，审判的；明断的，公正tframework n.构架;框架;结构;组织;机构的a.地方的,当地的;局部的f uneral n.丧葬,葬礼mad a.发疯的;狂热的,着迷的;恼火的,生气的gun n.枪，炮，手枪main a.主要的,总的 n.总管道;干线helicopter n.直升(飞)机major a.主要的n.成年人,专业学生,主修课程v.主修hero n.英雄，勇士；男主角，男主人公marginal a.记在页边的,旁注的;(意识)边缘的inch n.英寸mechanical a.机械的,由机构制成的;机械似的,呆板的incident n.事件,事变memorial a.记忆的,纪念的 n.纪念物,纪念碑,纪念馆intuition n.直觉，直观；凭直觉而知的事物municipal a.市(立,政)的;地方性的,地方自治的loss n.丧失，遗失；损失，损耗，亏损；失败national a.民族的,国家的,国立的masterpiece n.杰作,名著necessary a.必需的,必要的;必然的 n.必需品meanwhile n.其时，其间 ad.当时，与此同时opposite a.对面的,相对的,相反的 n.对立面mile n.英里，哩，海里past a.过去的 ad.过 n.过去，昔日 prep.(经)过moss n.苔,藓,地衣permanent a.永久的,持久的picture n.画,图片;影片;美景 v.画,描述,想象perpetual a.永久的,永恒的,长期的pillow n.枕头present a.出席的,现在的 n.现在,礼物 v.赠送,提出pine n.松树radiant a.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的range n.范围,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉v.排列成行republican a.共和的replacement n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物roundabout a.迂回的,转弯抹角的 n.环状交叉路口squirrel n.松鼠shrewd a.机灵的,敏锐的;精明的stalk n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走sorry spicy a.对不起，抱歉的；难过，悔恨的；使人伤stem 心a.加很多香料的；(口味)浓郁的studion.茎，干 vt.堵(挡)住 vi.起源于，由…造成 n.画室;播音室;(电影)制片厂sudden a.出乎意料的，突然的survival n.幸存,生存;幸存者,残存物underground a.地下的;秘密的 n.地铁 ad.在地下thumb n.拇指 v.示意要求搭车；迅速翻阅western a.西方的,西部的trash n.垃圾；拙劣的作品；渣滓，败类able a.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本事的arrival n.到达，到来；到达者，到达物ambitious a.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的；有野心的attitude n.态度，看法(to, toward, about)；姿势capable a.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以…的,能…的ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪competent a.有能力的，能胜任的；足够的conversion n.转变，转换；信仰的改变；creative a.有创造力的,创造性的core n.果核;中心,核心crucial a.至关重要的,决定性的country n.国家;农村,乡下dead a.死的；无生命的；死气沉沉的 ad.完全地diversion n.转向,转移;牵制;解闷;娱乐effective a.有效的,生效的;被实施的;给人深刻印象event n.事件,事情efficient a.有效的,效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的evidence n.明显;显著;根据;证据;迹象evil a.邪恶的,罪恶的 n.邪恶,罪恶excitement n.刺激,激动,兴奋faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的，不完善的fact n.事实,实际finite a.有限的；[数]有穷的,限定的fixture n.固定设备;预定日期;比赛时间;定期存款grown-up a.成长的,成熟的,成人的 n.成年人frontier n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域historic a.有历史意义的;历史的gear n.齿轮,传动装置 v.(to)调整,使适合ill a.有病的；坏的；恶意的 ad.坏地；不利地incentive n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机influential a.有影响的;有权势的insect n.昆虫interesting a.有趣的,引人入胜的kidney n.肾,肾脏liable a.有...倾向的；可能遭受...的；有责任的lavatory n.厕所,盥洗室limited a.有限的,被限制的loyalty n.忠诚,忠心mature a.成熟的,熟的;成年人的 v.(使)成熟mineral n.矿物,矿石 a.矿物的,矿质的moderate a.有节制的,中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的miracle n.奇迹,令人惊奇的人(或事)overhead a.在头顶上的;架空的 ad.在头顶上monopoly n.垄断,专卖,专利权,专利事业patient a.有耐心的,能忍耐的 n.病人,患者nationality n.国籍,民族poisonous a.有毒的,恶意的,恶毒的,道德败坏的orchard n.果园,果园里的全部果树,<美俚>棒球场polite a.有礼貌的,客气的;有教养的,文雅的ore n.矿石,矿砂preceding a.在前的,在先的outline n.轮廓,略图;大纲,梗概 v.概述,略述profitable a.有利可图的,有益的paradigm n.典范; 范例; 示例promising a.有希望的,有前途的parliament n.国会,议会regular a.有规律的;整齐的,匀称的,正规的,正式的poke n.刺,戳,懒汉,袋子 v.戳,刺,伸出,刺探,闲荡relevant a.有关的,中肯的,相应的,实质性的postcard n.明信片shady a.成荫的,多荫的;可疑的,靠不住的rain n.雨；雨天；下雨 vi.下雨 vt.使大量落下。
2020年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析
考研英语一Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting __1__ workers productivity. Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extremely influential idea the very__3__to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in theplant.According to __5__of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the experiment. __7__something was changed productivity rose . A(n) __8__ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be __9__to alter workers' behavior __10__ itselfAfter several decades，the same data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record，no systematic __13__was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happened.__15__，lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ ，a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers __19__to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case，before __20__a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored2. [A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4. [A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments6. [A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7. [A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as8. [A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9. [A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10. [A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11. [A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12. [A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]peculiar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15.[A]In contrast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16. [A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to def ine ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is nowknown solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online payment systemMerrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。
2020考研英语二5500词汇(适合打印)
transcend vt.超出,超越(经验、知识、能力的范围等) sow v.播种undergo vt.遭受,经历,承受spill v.溢出,溅出 n.摔下,跌下urge vt.催促;怂恿;强调 n.强烈欲望,迫切要求supervise v.管理,监督want vt.想要;希望;需要;缺,缺少 n.需要;短缺wander v.漫步,徘徊;迷路,迷失方向;离题warn vt.警告 vi.发出警告wrap v.裹,缠,卷,包 n.披肩,围巾acquaint vt.(with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉abide vi.(abode，abided)(by)遵守；坚持advertise vt.公告，公布；为...做广告 vi.登广告adhere vi.(to)粘着；坚持，遵守；依附，追随Allow vt.允许，准许；承认；给予；(for)考虑到apply vi.(以书面形式)申请；请求 vt.应用；实施analyse vt.（analyze）分析，分解approach v.靠近，接近n.接近；途径，入门;方式,方法appreciate vt.为...表示感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识，评价aspire vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于argue vi.辩论，争论 vt.辩论，论证；说服，劝说bark vi.(狗等)吠，叫n.吠声，叫声；树皮assess vt.(为征税)评估(财产、收入)；征税；评价burn v.燃烧，烧着；烧毁；灼伤 n.烧伤，灼伤attract vt.引起的注意(或兴趣等),吸引；引起；激起burst v.爆裂,炸破;突然发生 n.突然破裂,爆发augment vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张cater vi.(for/to)满足,迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务bother vt.打扰，麻烦 vi.担心，烦恼 n.烦恼，焦急clarify v.澄清,阐明break vt.打破；中止；违反 vi.破(裂) n.休息时间collide vi.[with]互撞，碰撞；冲突，抵触caress vt.／n.爱抚，抚摸condemn v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪commence vt.开始 vi.获得学位conform vi.(to)遵守，适应；相似，一致，符合compare vt.(to，with)比较；(to)把…比作vi.相比cover v.覆盖,包括,涉及 n.盖子,套子;(书的)封面deduce vt.(from)演绎,推断,推论elapse vi．(时间)溜走；(光阴)逝去denounce vt.公开指责,公然抨击;谴责erase v.擦掉;删去;消磁depart vi.离开,起程 a.过去的,逝世的giggle vi.／n.痴笑；咯咯地笑 vt.咯咯地笑着说detach vt.分开, 分离, 分遣, 派遣(军队) grind v.磨(碎),碾(碎)disregard vt.不理会;忽视;漠视 n.忽视;漠视hover vi.(鸟)盘旋，翱翔，(人)逗留在附近徘徊ebb vi.衰退，减退 n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态insist vi.(on)坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持initiate vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入lash v.鞭打,摆动,捆扎 n.鞭子,鞭打,睫毛,讽刺install vt.(instal)安装,设置,安置；使就职,任命look vi./n.看，注视 v.好像，显得 n.外表，脸色insult vt./n.侮辱,凌辱operate v.操作,运转,开动,起作用,动手术introduce vt.介绍；引进，传入；提出(议案等) perform v.履行,执行;表演,演出;完成(事业)invade vt.入侵,侵略,侵袭,侵扰polish v.磨光,擦亮;使优美,润饰 n.擦光剂,上光蜡lie vi.躺，平放；处于；位于 v.说谎 n.谎话pour v.灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, 流, 倾盆大雨listen vi.倾听(与介词to并用，方可置宾语) praise v.赞扬,歌颂;表扬 n.称赞,赞美;赞美的话manipulate vt.(熟练地)使用，操作；(巧妙地)处理rub v.擦,摩擦menace vt./n.有危险性的人(或物)；威胁，威吓scramble vi.(快速地)爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先rouse vt./vi.唤醒，唤起；激励；激起soar vi.(指鸟等)高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸shrug vt./n.耸肩(表示冷淡、怀疑、无奈、不满等) subscribe vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意vt.捐助，赞助stand vi.站立；位于；经受 n.台，座；货摊；立场suppress v.镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁stay vi.逗留；保持vt.停止，延缓n.逗留，停留terminate vi.(使)结束，(使)停止sustain vt.支撑,撑住;维持,持续,经受,忍耐translate v.翻译，解释；转化，throw vt.扔；使突然陷入；使困惑n.投掷(距离) twinkle vi.(星等)闪烁，(眼情)发亮 n.闪烁，闪光aesthetic a.(esthetic)美学的，艺术的；审美的access n.进入；接入；到达；享用权；入口 vi.存取amateur a.&n.业余(水平)的(运动员、艺术家等)adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的，用作形容词的analytic a.(analytical)分析的；分解的appointment n.约会,约定；任命,委派;委任的职位April (名)四月approval n.批准，通过；赞成，同意cautious a.(of)小心的,谨慎的athlete n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮的人characteristic a.(of)特有的,独特的 n.特征,特性breach n.违反，不履行；破裂 vt.冲破，攻破classmate(名)同班同学canal n.运河;(沟)渠conscious a.(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的copy n.抄本，摹本；(一)本 vt.抄写；考试中抄袭consistent a.(in)前后一致的；（with）一致，符合corridor n.走廊,通路eager a.(for)渴望的,热切的critic n.批评家,评论家enough a.(for)足够的 n.足够,充分 ad.足够地discipline n.纪律,学科fantastic a.(fantastical)奇异的,幻想的,异想天开的dividend n.红利，股息；回报，效益；被除数favorable a.(favourable)赞许的,有利的,讨人喜欢的engagement n.约会,约定;婚约,订婚fond a.(of)喜爱的,爱好的entry n.进入,入口;通道;记载,条目full a.(of)满的,充满的 a./ad.完全,充分evolution n.进化,演变,发展,进展guilty a.(of)有罪的,内疚的expedition n.远征(队),探险(队)honorable a.(honourable)可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的form n.形状,形式;表格 v.组成,构成;形成inclusive a.(of)包括的,包含的;范围广的formation n.形成;构成;组织;构造;编制;塑造independent a.(of)独立的,自主的fortune n.运气;命运;财产;财富indicative a.(of)指示的,暗示的image n.形象，声誉；印象；像；形象的描述，比喻innocent a.(of)清白的,无罪的;无害的;单纯的,无知的joy n.欢乐,喜悦;乐事,乐趣jealous a.(of)妒忌的;猜疑的,警惕的luck n.运气;好运,侥幸marvelous a.(marvellous)惊人的,奇迹般的,妙极的mechanic n.技工,机修工okay a.(okey，OK，O.K.)好，行，不错 n.同意monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆,遗迹,不朽的业绩proud a.(of)自豪的;引以自豪的;妄自尊大的motion n.运动,动;提议,动议 v.提议,动议ready a.(for)准备好的,现成的;甘心的movement n.运动,活动;移动,迁移responsible a.(for,to)应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的observation n.观察,观测,监视;(pl.)观察资料;观察力secure a.(from,against)安全的,放心的v.得到;防护operation n.运转,开动,操作,手术,运算,经营separate a.(from)分离的,分开的playground n.运动场,游戏场skilled a.(in)熟练的,有技能的;需要技能的refusal n.拒绝,回绝sophomore(中学、大学)二年级学生ring n.戒指;环;铃声;(打)电话 v.按(铃),敲(钟) sufficient a.(for)足够的,充分的(比enough拘谨、正式) ruby n.红宝石suitable a.(for)合适的,适宜的shape n.形状,外形;情况,状态;种类v.成型,塑造suspicious a.(of)可疑的,多疑的,疑心的situation n.形势,处境,状况;位置,场所;职位,职务typical a.(of)典型的,有代表性的skill n.技能,技巧,手艺;熟练worthy a.(of)值得…的,配得上…的;有价值的technician n.技术员,技师,技工predominant a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的technique n.技巧，手艺，技能；技术，工艺skillful a.(skilful)(in,at)灵巧的,娴熟的viewpoint n.观点static a.(statical)静态的,静力的wagon n.运货马车,运货车;敞蓬车厢adjacent a.(to)(时间上)紧接着的；邻近的，毗邻的ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团aerial a.(在或来自)空中的，航空的 n.天线bloom n.花(朵);开花(期) v.开花any a.(用于否定句、疑问句等)什么,一些;任何的blossom n.花(簇)；花期；青春 vi.开花；展开；繁荣available a.(用于物)可利用的；可见到的，接受采访的bud n.芽,花苞 v.发芽,含苞欲放beneficial a.(to)有利的,有益的cemetery n.坟墓，墓地，坟场benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的contribution n.贡献；捐款，捐献物；投稿bitter a.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的deficit n.赤字,逆差;亏损,亏空;不足,缺乏calm a.(天气,海洋等)静的 n.平静 v.(使)平静discount n.折扣；贴现(率) vt.打折扣;不重视chronic a.(疾病)慢性的;积习难改的;严重的,坏的equator n.赤道comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的expenditure n.花费;(时间,金钱等的)支出,消耗contrary a.(to)相反的,矛盾的 n.反对,矛盾;相反expense n.花费,消费,消耗convenient a.(to)便利的,方便的flower n.花；精华，精粹，精英；盛时 vi.开花discreet a.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的grave n.坟墓 a.严肃的,庄重的due a.(to)应支付的;(车,船等)预定应到达的investment n.投资,投资额equivalent a.(to)相等的,等价的 n.相等物,等价物lace n.花边;带子,鞋带 v.系带,扎带far a./ad.远，久远，遥远 ad.到…程度，…得多lever n.杆,杠杆,手段,途径,工具fit a.(病的)发作，痉挛 v./a.n.合适,试穿,安装newspaper n.报纸grateful a.(to,for)感激的;感谢的nurse n.护士,保姆 v.护理,看护helpful a.(to)有帮助的,有益的,有用的passport n.护照,达到某种目的的手段hot a.(炎)热的；辣的；急躁的；激动的；热衷的peanut n.花生identical a.(to.with)同一的,同样的pit n.坑,陷阱;煤矿,矿井immigrant a.(从国外)移来的,移民的 n.移民,侨民prestige n.声望,威望,威信indispensable a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的reed n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛intrinsic a.(指价值、性质)固有的，本质的，内在的reporter n.报告人,通讯员;记者,报导者less a./ad.更少的(地),更小的(地)restraint n.抑制,制止loose a.(宽)松的；不精确的；自由的，散漫的revenge n.报复,复仇 v.替…报仇loyal a.(to)忠诚的,忠贞的rod n.杆,棒own a.(用在所有格后面，加强语气)自己的shell n.壳,贝壳;炮弹preferable a.(to)更可取的,更好的soda n.苏打,汽水regardless a./ad.不管…的,不顾…的,不注意的sound n.声音v.发声,响a.健全的,完好的;正当的resistant a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的statement n.声明,陈述sensitive a.(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的tomb n.坟,冢similar a.(to)相似的,类似的torment n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨；纠缠so-called a.(贬)所谓的，号称的tribute n.贡品;颂词,称赞,(表示敬意的)礼物solitary a.(好)孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的trigger n.扳机 vt.触发，引起strict a.(with)严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的vase n.花瓶,瓶subordinate a.(to)次要的,从属的;下级的voice n.声音;嗓音;发音能力;意见,发言权;语态systematic a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的vote n.投票,表决;选票,选票数 v.投票,表决tall a.(身材)高的,高大的；夸大的,离谱的wreath n.花环,花圈above a.上述的 ad.在上面 prep.在..之上，高于actor n.男演员；演员，行动者abundant a.大量(充足)的；(in)丰富(富裕)的ankle n.足踝，踝关节artificial beloved a.人工的，人造的，人为的；虚伪的，做作bean 的a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人boyn.豆;菜豆,蚕豆n.男孩子，儿子；男性服务员big a.大的；重要的；宽宏大量的；大受欢迎的cottage n.村舍,小屋,别墅bold a.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的denial n.否认;拒绝;否认某事或某事实的声明careful a.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的doctor n.医生;博士 vt.授以博士学位;诊断;修改clear a./ad.清晰的(地)vt.清除；使清楚vi.变清澈drought n.旱灾,干旱coherent a.一致的，协调的；(话语等)条理清楚的enclosure n.围住,圈起,封入,附件cunning a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的) era n.时代,年代,阶段,纪元decimal a.十进的,小数的,十进制的 n.小数football n.足球direct a./ad.径直的(地) v.管理,指导;(at,to)指向fortnight n.两星期dry a.干(旱)的；干渴的；枯燥 vt.使干燥，晒干hospital n.医院each a./pron.各,各自的,每junction n.连接,接合,交叉点,枢纽站,接头,中继线few a.[表肯定]有些，几个；[表否定]几乎没有的lad n.男孩,小伙子first a./ad.第一；最初;首次 n.开始pron.第一名locker n.更衣箱following a.下列的，下述的，其次的，接着的mail n.邮件 v.邮寄general a.一般的,普通的;总的,大体的 n.将军master n.男主人;师傅;硕士 v.精通,控制 a.主要的human a.人的,人类的 n.人material n.材料,原料,资料a.物质的,肉体的,实质性的industrial a.工业的,产业的nut n.坚果;螺母,螺帽inferior a.下等的,下级的;劣等的,差的 n.下级,晚辈pace n.步,步伐,步调,速度 v.踱步,用步测infrared a./n.红外线(的) pedestrian n.步行者 a.徒步的,呆板的,通俗的inland a./ad.国内,内地,内陆period n.时期,时代;学时;周期,一段时间;句点junior a./n.年少的/者,三年级的/学生,下级(的) portrait n.肖像,画像large a.大的,广大的,大规模的postage n.邮费,邮资little a.小，幼小；不多的 ad./n.不多，几乎没有postman n.邮递员loud a.大声的,响亮的;吵闹的,喧嚣的resolution n.坚决,决心;决定,决议massive a.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的rifle n.步枪petty a.小(器、规模)的,不重要的,细微的,卑鄙的scarf n.围巾,头巾,领巾,领带several a.几个，若干，数个；各个的，各自的schedule n.时间表,进度表 v.安排,预定small a.小的；年幼的；不重要的；小规模(经营)的serial n.连载小说，连续剧；连载刊物 a.连续的some a.几个；一些；有些；某(人或物) pron.一些soccer n.足球swift a./ad.快的(地);敏捷的(地)a.立刻的n.雨燕stamp n.邮票;印;跺脚;标志v.跺脚,顿足;盖章that a./pron.那，那个 ad.那么 conj.[引导从句] step n.步;台阶,梯级;步骤,措施 v.踏,走,举步ultraviolet a./n.紫外线(的) succession n.连续,系列;继任,继承upper a.上面的;上部的,较高的tense n.时态 v.拉紧，(使)紧张 a.绷紧的，紧张的which worse a./pron.哪个，哪些；什么样的；那个，那time些a./ad.更坏,更差(的/地) tonn.时间，时刻；次，回；时代，时期；倍，乘n.吨;(pl.)大量,许多worst a./ad.最坏(的),最差(的) village n.村,村庄artistic a.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的address n.住址；致词 v.向...致词；在信封上写姓名Catholic a.天主教的 n.天主教徒audience n.听众，观众，读者；见面，会见crude a.天然的,未加工的;未熟的;粗鲁的,粗野的author n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人customary a.习惯的,惯例的barn n.谷仓,仓库desperate dominant a.不顾一切的，铤而走险的；绝望的，危急behalf 的a.支配的,统治的,占优势的benefitn.利益n.利益,好处,恩惠 v.有益于;(from,by)受益extensive a.广大的,广阔的body n.身体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆feminine a.女性的;娇柔的bulk n.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块futile a.无效的，无用的，无希望的composition n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分ignorant a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的compromise n.妥协，折衷vi.妥协vt.危及，放弃(原则等) illegal a.不合法的,非法的confusion n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱immense a.广大的,巨大的;[口]极好的corn n.谷物,庄稼,玉米impatient a.不耐烦的,急躁的crop n.作物,庄稼;(谷类等的)一熟收成;一批,大量impossible a.不可能的；难以忍受的，很难对付的dictation n.听写,口述;命令incredible a.不可相信的,惊人的,不可思议的difficulty n.困难,困境,难题individual a.个人的,单独的;独特的 n.个人,个体dwelling n.住宅,寓所inevitable a.不可避免的,必然发生的figure n.体形;轮廓;数字;图形v.描绘;计算;推测infinite a.无限的,无穷的 n.无限finance n.财政,金融 v.为…提供资金innumerable a.无数的,数不清的grain n.谷物,谷类;颗粒,细粒irrespective a.不顾的,不考虑的,无关的hearing n.听,倾听;听力;审讯married a.已婚的,夫妇的;(to)与…结婚的hope n.希望，期望；希望的人或事 v.希望，期望Marxist a.马克思主义的 n.马克思主义者housing n.住房，住房供给；(外、阀)壳，防护罩naive a.天真的identity n.身份;本体;特征;同一(性);一致;国籍;等式obsolete a.已废弃的,过时的implication n.含意，暗示，暗指；牵连opaque a.不透明(光)的;难理解的,晦涩的locality n.位置,地点oral a.口头的location n.位置,场所,定位,测位patent a.专利的,特许的n.专利(权、品)v.批准专利needle n.针,指针,针状物personal a.个人的,私人的;亲自的;身体的,人身的pin n.钉;大头针,别针,徽章 v.(up)钉住,别住reckless a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的position n.位置;职位;姿势,姿态;见解,立场,形势royal a.王室的,皇家的;第一流的,高贵的profit n.利润,收益 v.(by,from)得利,获益;有利于rural a.乡下的,田园的,乡村风味的property n.财产,资产,地产,房地产,所有物;性质,特性thirsty a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的residence n.住处,住宅timely a.及时的,适时的revenue n.财政收入,税收uneasy a.不安的,焦虑的site n.位置,场所,地点unlike a.不同的,不相似的 prep.不象,和…不同stadium n.体育场unusual a.不平常的,与众不同的tent n.帐篷vague a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的treasure n.财宝,财富;珍品 v.珍爱,珍惜wholesome a.卫生的;有益的;健康的,有益健康的uncle n.伯父，叔父，舅父，姑父，姨父wooden a.木制的;呆笨的wealth n.财富,财产;大量abnormal a.反常的，不正常的，不规则的angle n.角，角度 v.钓鱼；(采用各种方法）取得central a.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的band n.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙 v.缚,绑扎chemical a.化学的 n.(pl.)化学制品,化学药品bar n.条,杆,闩;酒吧;栅,障碍(物) v.闩上,阻拦civil a.公民的,市民的;民间的;民用的;有礼貌的bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆) v.(给…)洗澡cognitive a.认知的，认识能力的bed n.床,床位；(苗)床,坛；河床，(湖、海的)底comparative a.比较的,相当的belly n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛comprehensiv a.内容广泛的,总括性的，综合的e continual a.不断的,连续的,频繁的bowelcarn.肠；［pl.］内部，深处 n.汽车，车辆，车；(火车)车厢dental a.牙齿的；牙科(用)的condition n.条件，状况，环境 vt.决定；支配；训练documentary a.文献的 n.记录片conscience n.良心,良知enormous a.巨大的,庞大的corner n.角，街角；偏僻处； vt.将…逼入困境；fair a.公平的,合理的;相当的 n.集市,交易会delight n.快乐,高兴 v.(使)高兴,(使)欣喜fierce a.凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的,强烈的desert n.沙漠,不毛之地 v.抛弃,遗弃;擅离,开小差friendly a.友好的,友谊的diet n.饮食,食物gigantic a.巨大的,庞大的disaster n.灾难,大祸;彻底的失败handy a.手边的,近便的;方便的ditch n.沟,沟渠,水沟historical a.历史的;有关历史的elbow n.肘，(衣服的)肘部vt.用肘推，用肘挤huge a.巨大的,庞大的finish n.完成;结束;磨光 v.完成;结束;用完;毁掉illiterate a.文盲的,未受教育的interval n.间隔,间歇;(幕间或工间)休息inner a.内部的,里面的;内心的island n.岛，岛屿；(道路上的)交通安全岛interim a.中间的,暂时的,临时的 n.过渡时期,暂定item n.条(款)，项目；一则(新闻)，(戏剧的)节目interior a.内部的,里面的 n.内部,内地liver n.肝,肝脏intermediate a.中间的,居间的;中级的 n.中间体,媒介物nothing n.没有东西；什么也没有；无关紧要的人或事internal a.内部的,内的;国内的,内政的pebble n.卵石kind a.仁慈的，友好的，亲切的，和蔼的 n.种类petrol n.汽油literary a.文学上的,文学的;精通文学的,从事写作的pitch n.沥青;掷 v.用沥青覆盖;投掷,扔long a.长的，长时间的，长期的 ad.长久，长期地preface n.序言,引言,前言 v.作序,写前言lunar a.月亮的role n.角色,作用,任务,职责manual a.手的,手工做的,体力的 n.手册,指南sand n.沙;(pl.)沙滩,沙地medieval a.中世纪的,中古(时代)的,老式的,原始的snack n.快餐,小吃,点心neutral a.中立的;中性的,中和的space n.间隔;空地,余地;空间 v.留间隔,隔开owing a.欠的,未付的spy n.间谍 v.当间谍,刺探;察觉,发现public a.公共的,公用的;公开的,公然的n.公众,民众state n.状态,情况;国,州 v.陈述,说明reluctant a.不愿的,勉强的steamer n.汽船,轮船solar a.太阳的,日光的suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑；一点儿，少量tedious a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的system n.系统，体系；制度；方法，方式，步聚tremendous a.巨大的,极大的treaty n.条约，协议，协商vast a.巨大的,辽阔的,大量的;巨额的turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机widespread a.分布广泛的,普遍的vicinity n.邻近,附近accurate a.正确无误的；准确的，精确的accessory n.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰advisable a.可取的，适当的，明智的allowance n.补贴，津贴；零用钱；减价，折扣；允许ambiguous a.引起歧义的，模棱两可的，含糊不清的appendix n.附录，附属物；阑尾，盲肠ancient a.古代的，古老的，古式的certificate n.证(明)书,执照antique a.古式的，过时的n.有价值的古物，古董change n.改变,变化;零钱 v.更换,调换,交换;改变applicable a.可应用(实施)的；适当的,合适的chicken n.鸡肉；鸡，小鸡，小鸟controversial a.引起争论的,有争议的clinic n.诊所correct a.正确的,恰当的,端正的 v.改正,纠正,矫正eccentric a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人compensatio n.补偿(或赔偿)的款物；补偿，赔偿n complement n.补足物，船上的定员；补语 vt.补充，补足economical a.节约的,经济的coupon n.证明持券人有某种权利的卡片，票证，赠券edible a.可食用的criticism n.评论性的文章，评论；批评，指责，非难essential a.本质的,基本的;净化的 n.本质;要素curse n.诅咒,咒语,祸因 vt.诅咒,咒骂,使受罪extreme a.末端的,尽头的;极度的 n.极端;最大程度dictionary n.词典,字典fairy a.幻想中的;虚构的;优雅的 n.仙女;精灵editorial n.社论 a.社论的；编辑上的fearful a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕，担心，惊恐effort n.努力;成就;艰难的尝试feasible a.可行的;切实可行的;行得通的;可用的endurance n.忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性)formal a.正式的;形式的facility n.灵巧,熟练;(pl.)设备,设施,便利条件former a.以前的,在前的 pron.前者identification n.识别,鉴别;证件;认同intelligible a.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的improvement n.改进,进步,增进;改进措施lovely a.可爱的,好看的;令人愉快的,美好的innovation n.改革，革新；新观念，新方法，新发明mobile a.可动的,活动的,运动的inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞,激励native a.本地的,本国的;天生的 n.本地人,本国人jam n.阻塞,轧住;果酱 v.(使)阻塞,(使)轧住不动natural a.正常的;自然界的,天然的,天赋的,固有的king n.君主，国王negligible a.可忽略不计的，微不足道的land n.陆地,土地,国家 v.(使)靠岸(登陆,降落) normal a.正常的,普通的;正规的,标准的layer n.层，层次；铺设者optional a.可以任选的,随意的,非强制的obstruction n.妨碍,障碍物pathetic a.可怜的, 悲惨的patch n.补丁,斑点,碎片小块 v.补,修补,掩饰peculiar a.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的proof n.证据,证明;校样,样张possible a.可能的,做得到的;合理的;可允许的socialism n.社会主义raw a.未煮过的,生的;未加工过的,未经训练的society n.社会;社团,协会,社;社交界,上流社会sane a.心智健全的,神志清醒的,明智的,稳健的sociology n.社会学straightforwa a.正直的;简单的,易懂的 ad.坦率地soulstereotype n.灵魂,心灵;精神,精力;人 n.陈规，老套，模式化 vt.使定型，使模式化rd thoughtful a.认真思考的,沉思的;体贴的,关心的thrift a.节约，节俭subsidy n.补助金；津贴费twin a.双的,成对的,孪生的 n.孪生子,双生子supplement n.补遗;增刊;附录 v.增刊,补充ugly a.丑陋的,难看的;丑恶的,讨厌的tail n.尾巴；尾部；跟踪者 vt.尾随，跟踪unlikely a.未必的,靠不住的testimony n.证据,证词;表明,说明weird a.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量;词汇表wretched a.可怜的;悲惨的;肮脏的;恶劣的word n.词，词语；言语，话；谈话；消息，信息angry a.生气的，愤怒的；(天气)风雨交加的adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的，青少年的another a.另一个，又，再 pron.另一个，类似的一个bronze n.青铜；青铜色，古铜色；青铜制品，铜牌chief a.主要的,首要的 n.首领,领袖bruise n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤diplomatic a.外交的,从事外交的;策略的,有手腕的burden n.担子，重担，负担 vt.给予负担或麻烦eastern a.东方的,东部的button n.纽扣,按钮(开关) v.扣紧;扣上纽扣electric a.电的,导电的,电动的cash n.现金,现款 v.兑现,付(或收)现款electrical a.电的,电学的circuit n.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路electronic a.电子的climax n.顶点,高潮exciting a.令人兴奋的,使人激动的complaint n.抱怨，诉苦，怨言，控告；疾病exterior a.外部的,外面的 n.外部doll n.玩偶,玩具娃娃external a.外部的;客观的;外国的;表面的;[医]外用的donkey n.驴子；蠢人；顽固的人extinct a.灭绝的;熄灭了的drawer n.抽屉flat a.平坦的,扁平的,平淡的 n.一套房间;平面environment n.环境,外界foreign a.外国的,(to)无关的;外来的;异质的expression n.表达;表情;声调;腔调;榨出;措词;式;符号hasty a.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的fun n.玩笑,娱乐;有趣的人(或事物)horrible a.令人恐惧的，可怕的；极讨厌的，糟透的garbage n.垃圾hungry a.饥饿的,渴望的juvenile n.青少年,少年读物 a.青少年的, 幼稚的instrumental a.仪器的;器械的;乐器的;起作用的;有帮助的latitude n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区northern a.北方的,北部的liability n.责任,义务;(pl.)债务optimistic a.乐观主义的list n.表,目录,名单 v.把…编列成表,列入表内oriental a.东方的,东方诸国的 n.东方人litter n.垃圾,(杂乱的)废物 v.使杂乱,乱丢other a.另外的，其他的 n./pron.另一个人(或事)lottery n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事outer a.外部的,外面的,外层的paper n.纸；纸制品；报纸；(pl)文件；试卷；论文outward a.外面的,公开的,向外的ad.向外,在外n.外表p henomenon n.现象,稀有现象,珍品,奇迹,杰出人才overseas a.外国的,海外的 ad.在海外rag n.抹布,破布,碎布parallel a.平行的,相同的,类似的n.平行线,类似,对比reality n.现实,实际;真实physiological a.生理学的, 生理学上的regulation n.规则,规章;调节,校准;调整pleasant a.令人愉快的 vt.使高兴 vi.满意；喜欢responsibility n.责任,责任心;职责,任务productive a.生产(性)的,能产的,多产的rose n.玫瑰,蔷薇reliable a.可靠的,可信赖的,确实的rubbish n.垃圾,废物;废话right a.右的,正确的 n.右,权利ad.在右边,正确地summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议satisfactory a.令人满意的,圆满的,良好的,符合要求的surface n.表面；外表 a.表面的，肤浅的soluble a.可溶的textile n.纺织品 a.纺织的subjective a.主观(上)的，个人的token n.表示;标志;记号;代用硬币 a.象征性的troublesome a.令人烦恼的,讨厌的top n.顶，顶端；首位；顶点 a.最高的；顶上的used a.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常toy n.玩具 vi.(with)漫不经心地考虑；摆弄verbal a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的tractor n.拖拉机,牵引车vital a.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的weapon n.武器,兵器white a.白色的；苍白的；白种的 n.白色；白种人youth n.青年;年轻人Alert a.机警的，警觉的；机灵的 vt.使…警觉acquisition n.取得，学到，养成(习惯)；获得的东西born a.出生的，产生的；天生的，十足的acre n.英亩；田地；地产compulsory a.必须做的，强制性的，(课程)必修的apple n.苹果，苹果树considerate a.考虑周到的,体谅的avenue n.林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法democratic a.民主的board n.板,木板;全体委员;伙食 v.上船(车,飞机) dizzy a.头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的compartment n.卧车包房,(客车车厢内的)隔间;分隔的空间dynamic a.动力的,电动的;有生气的constitution n.构成,构造,组成(方式),成分;体格;宪法excess a.过量的,额外的 n.过量;过剩;超额;无节制counter n.柜台;计数器 a./ad.相反(的) v.反对,反击excessive a.过多的;过分的;额外cricket n.板球;蟋蟀horizontal a.地平线的;水平的cup n.杯子；奖杯，优胜杯；(一)杯，一杯的容量immediate a.立即的,即时的;直接的,最接近的diameter n.直径ingenious a.机敏的;有独创性的;精致的;精巧制成的distress n.苦恼;危难;不幸 v.使苦恼instant a.立即的;紧迫的;(食品)速溶的 n.瞬间,时刻enterprise n.事业,企(事)业单位;事业心,进取心intensive judicial local a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的,精耕细作的entertainmen n.招待,款待;表演文娱节目a.司法的，法庭的，审判的；明断的，公正tframework n.构架;框架;结构;组织;机构的a.地方的,当地的;局部的f uneral n.丧葬,葬礼mad a.发疯的;狂热的,着迷的;恼火的,生气的gun n.枪，炮，手枪main a.主要的,总的 n.总管道;干线helicopter n.直升(飞)机major a.主要的n.成年人,专业学生,主修课程v.主修hero n.英雄，勇士；男主角，男主人公marginal a.记在页边的,旁注的;(意识)边缘的inch n.英寸mechanical a.机械的,由机构制成的;机械似的,呆板的incident n.事件,事变memorial a.记忆的,纪念的 n.纪念物,纪念碑,纪念馆intuition n.直觉，直观；凭直觉而知的事物municipal a.市(立,政)的;地方性的,地方自治的loss n.丧失，遗失；损失，损耗，亏损；失败national a.民族的,国家的,国立的masterpiece n.杰作,名著necessary a.必需的,必要的;必然的 n.必需品meanwhile n.其时，其间 ad.当时，与此同时opposite a.对面的,相对的,相反的 n.对立面mile n.英里，哩，海里past a.过去的 ad.过 n.过去，昔日 prep.(经)过moss n.苔,藓,地衣permanent a.永久的,持久的picture n.画,图片;影片;美景 v.画,描述,想象perpetual a.永久的,永恒的,长期的pillow n.枕头present a.出席的,现在的 n.现在,礼物 v.赠送,提出pine n.松树radiant a.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的range n.范围,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉v.排列成行republican a.共和的replacement n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物roundabout a.迂回的,转弯抹角的 n.环状交叉路口squirrel n.松鼠shrewd a.机灵的,敏锐的;精明的stalk n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走sorry spicy a.对不起，抱歉的；难过，悔恨的；使人伤stem 心a.加很多香料的；(口味)浓郁的studion.茎，干 vt.堵(挡)住 vi.起源于，由…造成 n.画室;播音室;(电影)制片厂sudden a.出乎意料的，突然的survival n.幸存,生存;幸存者,残存物underground a.地下的;秘密的 n.地铁 ad.在地下thumb n.拇指 v.示意要求搭车；迅速翻阅western a.西方的,西部的trash n.垃圾；拙劣的作品；渣滓，败类able a.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本事的arrival n.到达，到来；到达者，到达物ambitious a.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的；有野心的attitude n.态度，看法(to, toward, about)；姿势capable a.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以…的,能…的ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪competent a.有能力的，能胜任的；足够的conversion n.转变，转换；信仰的改变；creative a.有创造力的,创造性的core n.果核;中心,核心crucial a.至关重要的,决定性的country n.国家;农村,乡下dead a.死的；无生命的；死气沉沉的 ad.完全地diversion n.转向,转移;牵制;解闷;娱乐effective a.有效的,生效的;被实施的;给人深刻印象event n.事件,事情efficient a.有效的,效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的evidence n.明显;显著;根据;证据;迹象evil a.邪恶的,罪恶的 n.邪恶,罪恶excitement n.刺激,激动,兴奋faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的，不完善的fact n.事实,实际finite a.有限的；[数]有穷的,限定的fixture n.固定设备;预定日期;比赛时间;定期存款grown-up a.成长的,成熟的,成人的 n.成年人frontier n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域historic a.有历史意义的;历史的gear n.齿轮,传动装置 v.(to)调整,使适合ill a.有病的；坏的；恶意的 ad.坏地；不利地incentive n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机influential a.有影响的;有权势的insect n.昆虫interesting a.有趣的,引人入胜的kidney n.肾,肾脏liable a.有...倾向的；可能遭受...的；有责任的lavatory n.厕所,盥洗室limited a.有限的,被限制的loyalty n.忠诚,忠心mature a.成熟的,熟的;成年人的 v.(使)成熟mineral n.矿物,矿石 a.矿物的,矿质的moderate a.有节制的,中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的miracle n.奇迹,令人惊奇的人(或事)overhead a.在头顶上的;架空的 ad.在头顶上monopoly n.垄断,专卖,专利权,专利事业patient a.有耐心的,能忍耐的 n.病人,患者nationality n.国籍,民族poisonous a.有毒的,恶意的,恶毒的,道德败坏的orchard n.果园,果园里的全部果树,<美俚>棒球场polite a.有礼貌的,客气的;有教养的,文雅的ore n.矿石,矿砂preceding a.在前的,在先的outline n.轮廓,略图;大纲,梗概 v.概述,略述profitable a.有利可图的,有益的paradigm n.典范; 范例; 示例promising a.有希望的,有前途的parliament n.国会,议会regular a.有规律的;整齐的,匀称的,正规的,正式的poke n.刺,戳,懒汉,袋子 v.戳,刺,伸出,刺探,闲荡relevant a.有关的,中肯的,相应的,实质性的postcard n.明信片shady a.成荫的,多荫的;可疑的,靠不住的rain n.雨；雨天；下雨 vi.下雨 vt.使大量落下。
考研英语历年真题高频词组
1. yield to 对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从2. be worthy of (=be deserving of)值得,够得上，配得上3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有abound6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one’s own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账on account of 因为on no account 不论什么原因也不of …account 有…重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明.16. on account of (=because of=in that) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb. for sth.blame sth. on sb.;complain about)指控控告19. be accustomed to doing(=be in the habit of，be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于accomodate23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. suitable for a new need) 改编，改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外，又，加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to,comply with,cling to,insist on,persist in,observe,opinion,belief ) 粘附; 坚持，遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的，临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;adapt29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告，事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意，一致36.ahead of 在…之前，超过… ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1)不肯定，不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是，最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共，总计40. after all 毕竟到底(not)at all 一点也不all at once(=suddenly)突然once and for all 只此一次above all 最重要的first of all 首先all in all 大体上说be all in 累极了all but 几乎41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到，估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计，等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for 申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of(=consent to,be in favor of,favor,agree to,consider good,right)赞成,批准51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,做出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证，使…确信.56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚，系,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于..，认为…是…的结果61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at one’s back 有…支持66.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on / upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…，在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先，第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better 好转77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败，胜过.78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人. blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom 开花(指树木) be in blossom 开花(强调状态) come into blossom 开花(强调动作)81. on board 到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之85. in bulk 成批地，不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事。
2020年 英语(一)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】 A.on解析：在某一天，用介词on.【2】 B.Match解析：考察动词，很少有别的美食愉悦可以与之媲美，只有这个符合原文。
【3】 A.enjoyment解析：由this 可知回指上文的pleasure.【4】 C.guarantee解析：空前这种愉悦应该成为另外一种罪恶愉悦，后文是损害健康，所以应该是肯定会损害我们的健康。
【5】 D.issued解析：考察动词，英国食品标准局(FSA)应该是公开或者发布警告。
【6】 A. at解析：和温度搭配只能用at。
【7】 C.avoid解析：上文提到这种化合物在高温下烹饪的一些食物中会形成以及会损害健康，所以应该是要避免这类食物。
【8】 D.partially解析：考察副词，修饰toast烤，前文提到要避免这类烧烤土豆片，拒绝薄皮披萨，所以只能是部分烤面包。
【9】 D. while解析：研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤和没有确凿的证据表明它会对人类造成癌症之间存在让步关系，所以选择while尽管。
【10】B. conclusive解析：考察形容词，修饰证据，只有conclusive 确凿的最符合语境。
【11】B. likely解析：后文提到没有科学证据，所以前文应该是可能致癌likely.【12】D. on the basic of解析：根据语义，应该是基于预防原则，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的，所以选择D。
【13】A. advisable解析：考察形容词，根据语义，应该是遵循建议是明智的。
【14】C. after all解析：考察逻辑联系词，后文提到吸烟导致癌症的传言已经流传了多年，所以此处毕竟更合适。
解析：上文一直提到的是高温下烧烤的食物应该可能会损害我们健康，所以食物和【15】B. connection致癌之间应该存在的是联系，其他选项不符。
2020研究生英语一真题及解析试卷版(可打印附详解)
2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析2020研究生英语一真题及解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C], or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1a cold winter’s day,few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3should be rendered yet another quality pleasure4to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has5a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked6high temperatures.This means that people should7crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin—crust pizzas and only8toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?9studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no10evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof12the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is13to follow the FSA advice.14,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a15.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be16up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?17,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods18,but reduce their lifetime intake. However its19risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20with one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]In general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end up.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or [D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture”award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain’town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run“year of culture”washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture”could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities —helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture”award could[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析[C]increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D]focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye-catching bonus.[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph3to present[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need journals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to changethem.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around£500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs"had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money”partly because[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms.[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions,provide a case in2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important”policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt”phenomenon.where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will[A]help little to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women’s position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to[A]the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B]the objection to female participation on bards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between Labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?IAI Women’s need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data.and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon—in other words,multinational tech companies based in the UnitedStates.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the currenteconomy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Paragraph5that the OECO's current work[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixations are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here’s what hard2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析science reveals about eye contact:41.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile”can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,”said Minson.44.When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C2020研究生考试英语一真题及解析Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.(47)Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase‘sapere aude’or‘dare to know’,after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay“An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?”.It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section III WritingPart A46.Directions:The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10points)Part B47.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2020研究生考试英语一答案解析1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。
2020年考研英语(一)真题完整版(附答案及全题解析)
2020年考研英语（一）真题完整版（后附答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is “ 11 to cause cancer” but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18, but reduce their lifetime intake. However, its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern4 .[A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued [B] received [C] compelled [D] guaranteed6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] conclusive [D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] In general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows what will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s quiddities —helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture” award could_______[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as[A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-catching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it[A] endeavors to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present[A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C] a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical.[B] Objective.[C] Favorable.[D] Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A reportlast year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .[A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became thefirst state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_______[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women’s position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_______[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to______[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women’s need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon — in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system. other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_______[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_______[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_______[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO's current work_______[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._______________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._______________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43._______________________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.44._______________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45._______________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案：41. C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42. E. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G. Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A. Eye fixactions are brief45. D. Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century. (49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.【参考译文】46. 文艺复兴消除了教会教育与思维方式之间的差距，弥合了中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟，开创了新的以及尚未开发的知识领域。
2020考研英语一真题及解析可编辑word版本
2020考研英语一真题及解析可编辑2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions; the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined our health. That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures. This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice.__14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern4. [A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued [B] received [C] ignored [D] canceled6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] inconclusive [D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief[D] in general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end upSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transformthe aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..A. a sensible compromiseB. a self-deceiving attemptC. an eye-catching bonusD. an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. SkepticalB. ObjectiveC. FavorableD. CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world , made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because________[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.D] The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it isdesigned to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France`s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work_____[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixactions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41. ________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It cancatch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With （the gapbetween） the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gapbetween the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude ' or ' dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52: Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:1) Describe the picture briefly;2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。
2020考研英语词汇：approximate的中文翻译解析.doc
2020考研英语词汇：approximate的中文翻译解考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：approximate的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：approximate的中文翻译解析approximate的中文意思副词1.近似的，大约的动词：1.近似，接近词形变化副词approximately时态approximated，approximating，approximates英语解释notquiteexactorcorrectbe closeorsimilarvery closein resemblancejudge tentatively orformanof (quantitiesortime)located closetogether相似短语approximate ...at...估计…为…be approximateto约计approximate tov.近于,接近approximate circle近似圆approximate derivative近似导数approximate method【化】近似法approximate sum概算额approximate calculation近似计算approximate composition大致成分approximate condition近似条件相似单词approximatea.1.近似的，大约的v.[I,T]1.近似，接近v.[T]1.近似计算;概略估算2020考研英语词汇：approve的翻译解析approve 怎么翻译及发音动词及物动词：1.赞成，同意;赞许2.批准;认可v.不及物动词：1.赞成;赞许(+of)词形变化形容词approvable副词approvingly时态approved，approving，approves单词分析这些动词均有“批准”之意。
2020考研英语一真题及解析可编辑(2021年整理精品文档)
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2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word (s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions; the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now， the food police are determined our health。
That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority （FSA） has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures。
2020 年考研英一 题及答案
2020 年考研英一题及答案1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。
On a cold winter's day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。
介词on 后加具体的某一天;in 后加一段时间，例如in winter，in 2002;toward 表方向，不与时间搭配;till 意思是直到，例如till tomorrow，till next week，与句意不符。
故正确答案为on。
2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。
文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭，但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星期日烤肉。
On a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. 在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。
match 匹配。
express 表达。
satisfy 满足，满意;确信;符合。
influence 影响。
3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。
后文Yet 进行语义转折：然而正如现在报道的那样，食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。
enjoyment 乐趣与上文pleasures 和下文another pleasures 互为关联信息。
patience 耐心，耐性。
surprise 惊喜。
concern 关心。
4.【答案】D guaranteed【解析】此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。
空格所在句指出：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。
guaranteed 有保证的，一定的，填入空格处意为：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐，肯定会损害我们的健康。
intensified 增强，加剧; privileged 享有特权，专用，特许;compelled 强迫。
5.【答案】A issued【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] On【解析】本题考查介词的用法。
在具体的某一天之前要用介词on,故本题正确答案为[C]On o2【答案】[A]match【解析】本题考查语义理解。
前文说数百万的英国人将在本周末庆祝本国的一个重大传统节日：周日烧烤节。
故英国人民在这一天应该特别欢乐的，因而也就没有什么烹饪乐趣(culinary pleasure)能与之媲美，故本题正确答案为[A]match 031 答案][B] enjoyment【解析】本题考查语义理解。
由空前this可知本空应填名词，且该名词在前文应该出现过或与前文出现过的名词同义，而前文反复出现的名词为pleasureo并且，填入之后本句大意为这种快乐将会被视为是某种快乐，语义上能够说通，故本题正确答案为[B]enjoyment 041 答案】[D] guaranteed【解析】本题考查语义理解。
前文说这种快乐将被视为是另一种罪悉的欢愉，并且从语法结构来看本句已完整，故本空及空后内容应该是分词短语作后置定语，修饰前文的guilty pleasure0后文说这种欢愉会损害我们的健康，根据情感一致原则可首先排除privileged,再结合上下文语义，可确定本题正确答案为[D]guaranteed,本句意为：这是一种升级的欢愉，并确定无疑地会损害我们的健康。
51 答案][A]issued【解析】本句考查语意搭配。
由结构分析可知，空后名词短语a public waning (公开的警示)为本空的宾语，浏览四个选项可知本题正确答案为[A]issued,填入后意为“发布一则公开的警示”。
61答案】[B]at【解析】本题考查介词搭配的用法。
空前后大意为“在高温下烹饪的食物"，a...temperature表示在……温度下，故本题正确答案为[B]at071 答案][D]avoid【解析】本题考查语义理解。
032020统考词汇【打印版】
_pollution control measures are（C：Because）
_she couldn’t understand（What）
_she seemed to find English（At first）
Dr. Hoffman proposed that we _ the（put off）
During the future examinations（C making）
Each person at the reunion（B. If）
Edgar began_ as an office boy years（work）
As it was going to rain（B anxious）
As the bus came round（A. into）
As the busiest woman there（D it）
As they can't afford to let the（D：steps）
At that moment she was standing（A：where）
computer system suddenly（A）
Could you tell us（C how long）
Did the medicine（medicine I take;the worse）
Did you have a neighbor（poking his nose into）
Did you notice（C.whose）
_did he know what had（B:Little）
_fashion differs from country（B:That）
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2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语一【- 考研英语】2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语一1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于;遵守2. be absent from…缺席，不在3. absence or mind(=beingabsent-minded)心不在焉4. absorb(=take up theattention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)：be absorbed in全神贯注于…近：be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on5.(be)abundantin(be rich in;be well suppliedwith)富于，富有6. access(to)(不可数名词)能接近，进入，了解7. by accident(=by chance，accidentally)偶然地，意外Without accident(=safely)安全地8. of one’s own accord(=withoutbeing asked;willingly;freely)自愿地，主动地9. in accord with与…一致out of one’saccord with同…不一致10. with one accord(=witheverybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with(=inagreement with)依照，根据12. on one’s own account 1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk)自行负责3)(=by oneself)依靠自己on account赊账;on account of因为;on no account不论什么原因也不;of…account有………重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去14. give sb. an account of说明，解释(理由)15. account for(=give anexplanation or reason for)解释，说明16. on account of(=because of)由于，因为17. on no account(=in no case，for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb. for sth.;blame sth. on sb.;complain about)指控，控告19. be accustomed to(=be in thehabit of，be used to)习惯于20. be acquainted with(=to haveknowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉21. act on奉行，按照…行动;act as扮演;act for代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjustoneself to)使自己适应于23. adapt…(for)(=make sth. Suitable for a new need)改编，改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition(=besides)此外，又，加之25. in addition to(=as well as，besides，other than)除…外26. adhere to(=abide by，conform to，comply with，cling to，insist on，persistin，observe，opinion，belief)粘附;坚持，遵循27. adjacent(=next to，close to)毗邻的，临近的28. adjust……(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应;29. admit of(=be capable of，leave room for)…的可能，留有…的余地30. in advance(before in time)预告，事先31. to advantage有利的，使优点更加突出地32. have an advantage over胜过have theadvantage of由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of(=make thebest of，utilize，make use of，profit from，harness)利用34. agree with赞同(某人意见)agree to同意35. in agreement(with)同意，一致36. ahead of在…之前，超过…;……………ahead of time 提前37. in the air 1)不肯定，不具体2)在谣传中38. above all(=especially，most important of all)尤其是，最重要的39. in all(=counting everyoneor everything，altogether)总共，总计40. after all毕竟，到底;(not)at all一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all只此一次;above all最重要的;first of all首先;all in all大体上说;be all in累极了;all but几乎41. allow for(=take intoconsideration，take into account)考虑到，估计到42. amount to(=to be equal to)总计，等于43. answer for(undertakeresponsibility for，be liable for，take charge for)对…负责44. answer to(=conform to)适合，符合45. be anxious about为…焦急不安;或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth.为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth.为…向…申请;apply for申请;apply to适用49. apply to与…有关;适用50. approve of(=consent to，be in favor of，favor，agree to，consider good，right)赞成，approve vt.批准51. arise from(=be caused by)由…引起52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth.安排…做…53. arrive on到达;arrive at到达某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrive in到达某地(大地方);54. be ashamed of(=feel shame，guilt or sorrow because of sth. done)以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth.(=try tocause to believe or trust insth.)向…保证，使…确信56. attach(to)(=to fix，fasten;join)缚，系，结57. make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做…58. attend to(=give one’sattention，care and thought)注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=waitupon，serve，look after)侍候，照料59. attitude to/ toward…对…的态度看法60. attribute…to…(=to believesth. to be the result of…)把……归因于……，认为……是……的结果61. on the average(=on average，on an average)平均62.(be)awareof(=be conscious of，havingknowledge or consciousness)意识到，知道63. at the back of(=behind)在…后面64. in the back of在…后部(里面);on the back of在…后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起65. at one’s back(=supportingor favoring sb.)支持，维护;have sb. at one’s back有…支持，有…作后台66. turn one’s back on sb.(=turnaway from sb. in an impolite way)不理睬(某人)，背弃，抛弃67. behind one’s back背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on / upon基于69. on the basis of根据…，在…基础上70. beat…at在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with以…开始to begin with(=first of all)首先，第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of(=as therepresentative of)以…名义73. believe in(=have faith ortrust in;consider sth./sb. to be true)相信，依赖，信仰74. benefit(from)受益，得到好处75. for the benefit of为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better好转77. get the better of(=defeat sb.)打败，胜过78. by birth在出生上，论出身，按血统atbirth在出生时;give birth to出生79. blame sb. for sth.因…责备某人blame sth. on sb.把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花(指树木)be in blossom开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作)81. on board到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机82. boast of(or about)吹嘘83. out of breath喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words aspossible)简言之85. in bulk成批地，不散装的86. take the floor起立发言87. on business出差办事88. be busy with sth.于某事be busydoing sth.忙于做某事89. last but one倒数第二90. but for(=without)要不是表示假设91. buy sth. for…money用多少钱买92. be capable of能够，有能力be capable of being +过去分词：是能够被…的93. in any case(=for love ormoney，at any rate，at any price，at any cost，whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何94. in case(=for fear that)万一;95. in case of(=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of至于…，就…而言96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)97. be cautious of谨防98. center one’s attention on(=focusone’s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在…上99. be certain of(=be sure of)有把握，一定100. for certain of(=for sure)肯定地，有把握地101. by chance(=accidentally，byaccident)偶然102. for a change换换环境(花样等)103. charge sb. with…控告某人犯有…104. in charge of(=responsiblefor)负责(某事)in the charge of…由…管105. take charge of(=to be orbecome responsible for)负责管理(照顾)106. charge…for因…索取(费用)，charge sb. with sth.控告某人犯有…107. round the clock(=all dayand all night，usually without stopping)昼夜不停地108. comment on评论109. commit oneself to使自己承担…commitsb. to prison 把某人送进监狱;commit one’s idea to writing把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee把某事交给委员会讨论110. in common(和…)有共同之处，共用be common to sb.是与某人所共有的111. keep company with(=befriendly and go out together)和…要好112. compare…with…把…与…比较113. compare…to…把…比作…114. by comparison比较起来115. in comparison with(=in contrastto)和…比起来116. compensate for(=give sth. to makeup for)补偿，赔偿，弥补compensatesb. for sth.赔偿，弥补117. complain of(or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb. aboutsth.(or sb.)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)118. comply with(=act in accordancewith a demand，order，rule etc.)遵守，依从119. conceive of(think of，imagine，consider)想象，设想120. concentrate on(or upon)集中，专心121. be concerned with(=about)与…有关122. concern oneself about / with关心123. in conclusion(=as the lastthing)最后一点;at the conclusion of当…结束时;124. condemn sb. to判决125. on condition that(=if)以…为条件，假如in that = because因为;now that = since既然;for all that = although尽管126. in / out of condition(=thoroughlyhealthy or fit / not fit)健康状况好/不好in good(bad)condition处于良好(坏)状态127. confess(to)(=admit a fault，crime，or sth. wrong)承认，供认;confess to a crime承认罪行128. confide in(=to talk freelyto sb. about one’s secret)对…讲真心话，依赖129. in confidence推心置腹地;withconfidence满怀信心地;have confidence in对…有信心130. confidence in sb. / sth.对…的信赖131. be confident of有信心;confidential机密的132. confine…to…把…限制在某范围内133. confirm sb. in使某人更坚定(信念等)134. conform to(=be inagreement with，comply with)符合，遵照，遵守;1)obey服从;2)observe;3)comply with照…办;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服从;6)stick to按……做135. be confronted with(=bebrought face to face with)面对，面临136. congratulate sb. on祝贺137. in connection with(=with regardto)关于，138. be conscious of(=be awareof)觉察，知道139. consent to(=give agreementto permission)同意140. in consequence(=as aresult)结果141. in consequence of(=as aconsequence of)由于…的结果142. under consideration在考虑中143. in consideration of(=inreturn for，on account of，becauseof)由于144. on no consideration(in nocase)无论如何也不145. take…into consideration(=takeaccount of，take…into account)考虑到，把…考虑进去146. considerate(=thoughtful ofthe needs)体贴的，考虑他人需要的，considerable相当大的，值得考虑的147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的consist in主要在于consist with符合，与…一致148. be consistent with(=be inagreement with)与…一致be consistent in一贯的，149. consult sb. on/ about sth.向…征求…方面的意见，就…向…请教150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地，痛痛快快151. be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth.愿意做某事相关推荐：2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语汇总2014考研英语阅读精析汇总考研英语二牛人分享经验2014考研英语天才分享27条备考建议2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语二【- 考研英语】2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语二152. contrary to(=in opposition to)与…相反153. on the contrary相反154. contrast…with把…与…相对(对照)155. in contrast to/with和…形成对比;by contrast对比之下156. contribute to有助于157. under control(被)控制住out of control无法控制158. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点be convenient to / for对…方便159. convince sb. of(=cause sb. to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.)使某人确信，try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with(=deal with，try to find a solution to)应付，处理161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street 在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond(with)(=exchange letters regularly)通信163. correspond to相当于correspond with符合，一致164. at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of以…为代价165. a matter of course理所当然的事166. as a matter of course当然地，自然地167. in(during)the course在…过程中168. in due course(=without too much delay)没经过太久，到一定时候169. on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one’s credit 使某人感到光荣;do sb. credit使…感到光荣170.be critical of爱挑毛病的，批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172.a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far，until now)到目前为止174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的，时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)175. deal with(=concern)论及176. be in debt to sb.欠…的债177. on the decline在衰退中，在减少中in decline下降;on the increase在增加178. to one’s delight令某人感到高兴;to one’s regret遗憾;sorrow悲痛;relief安心;distress苦恼;shame羞愧;surprise惊奇;astonishment惊奇;179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢，取乐180. take(a)delight in喜欢干…，以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb.向某人要求(非物质的)东西demand sth. from sb.向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on依靠184. deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得，由…来的derive from(=come from)起源于186. despair of(=lose all hope of)绝望187. in despair绝望188. despite(=in spite of)不管，尽管189. in detail详细地190. deviate from偏离，不按…办191. on a diet吃某种特殊饮食，节食192. differ from…in与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难，处境困难，194. discharge sb.(from)…for(=dismiss sb. fr om a job for)因…解雇，开除195. fall back(=retreat，turn back)撤退;in disorder慌乱地，狼狈不堪196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列197. dispose of(=get rid of，throw away)处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的，无可争议199. in dispute在争议中200. in the distance在远处make out辩认出201.(be)distinct from(= be different from)与…截然不同202. distinguish between(=make or recognize differences)辨别203. distinguish…from把…与…区别开204. do away with(=get rid of;abolish;discard eliminate)除去，废除，取消;do away with(=kill)杀掉，**205. have…to do with与…有关系206. without doubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑208. be due to是由于209. come off duty下班210. go on duty上班211. be on duty值班，值日，在上班时212. be in duty bound to(do)(=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience)有义务(做)213. be eager for想得到，盼望214. by ear(=play music from memory without having seen it printed)凭记忆，不看乐谱215. have an ear for(=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对……有鉴赏力216. a word in one’s ear私房话，秘密话217. on earth究竟，到底，全然218. with ease(= easily)容易，不费力219. at(one’s)ease(= without worry or nervousness)自在，不拘束220. put sb. at his / her ease(=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束221. economize on(=save sth. instead of being wasteful)节省222. have an effect on对…有影响223. be in effect(=be in operation)有效224. go into effect生效(近：come into effect;take effect;be brought into effect)225. in effect(=in fact，really)实际上226. give effect to(=carry out)实行，使…生效227. to no effect不起作用，没有取得任何效果228.(be)of no effect(=useless)无效229. to the effect that大意是…，主要内容是…230. to that effect是那个意思的…231. emerge from(=appear，become known)出现，暴露(问题意见等)232. place(or put，lay)an emphasis on强调，把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in鼓励;encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作;encourage sb. in his/her idleness怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in…with sth.用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end(=continuously)连续地236.(be)at an end(=finished)结束了237. no end of(=very many/much)很多，大量238. in the end(=finally，eventually)最终239. at one’s wit’s end(=not knowing what to do or to say)无法可想，智穷计尽240. end up with以…而结束241. come to and end(=finish)结束242. end in以…为结束243. engage in或be engaged in忙于，从事244. enter for(=put the name on a list for)报名参加245. enter into(=begin)开始(谈话，谈判等)246. enter on / upon(=begin)开始(一个时代一种生涯一段任期等)247. be entitled to(=be given the right to do sth.)有权…，有资格…248. be equal to等于249. be/ feel equal to(=have enough strength，ability etc.)(某人)能胜任，能应付on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地250. be equipped with装备有，装有251.(be)equivalent to(=equal in value，amount，meaning)相等于，相当于252. in essence(=in its/one’s nature)本质上253. at all events(=in spite of everything，in any case)不论怎样，无论如何254. in any event(=whatever happens in the future)无论如何，不管(将来)怎么样255. in the event that(=if)假如，如果in the event结果，实际情况是(常与but连用)256. in the event of(=in case of)万一，即使发生……时257. except除…以外;besides除…以外还有……258. except(=but)除了259. except for(=apart from)除…以外260.(an)exception to…的例外261. with the exception of(=except，apart from)除去…，除…以外262. in excess of(=more than)超过263. exchange…for以…交换264. exclusive of(=not taking into account;without)不包括265. in excuse of作为…的借口266. exert…on…对…施加…267. exert oneself to do sth.努力，使劲268. come into existence(=begin to exist)开始存在;comeinto use开始使用;come into effect开始运转;come into fashion开始时新;come into action开始行动;come into power开始执政;come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;269.(be)in existence存在come into existence出现270. expect…of在…期望…271. at the expense of在损害…情况下，以…为牺牲272. expose…to…使暴露于…，使…受(危险，风险)273. be exposed to…面临…，受到…274. beyond expression(=in a manner that cannot be expressed)无法形容，说不出的275. give expression to表达，表现find expression in表现276. to…extent在…程度上277. in the extreme(= extremely)极其278. look sb. in the eye正视，打量(某人)279. close(shut)one’s eyes to不理会，视而不见280. in one’s mind’s eye在心目中，在想象中281. in the twinkling of an eye一眨眼，转眼间282. keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看，监视283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes(= in the judgment of)在某人看来，在某人眼里284. on the face of it(=judging by what one can see)表面看来285. in the face of面对着(困难等情况)286. in one’s face当着某人的面;face to faced面对面;face up to大胆面向287. fail in(=be unsuccessful in)失败288. in good faith(=honestly，sincerely)真诚地289. keep faith with对…守信用290. lose faith in对…失去信心291. on faith毫无怀疑地，依赖地292. faithful to(=loyal to)对…忠诚293. fall into the habit(of)养成…习惯294. fall short of(=fail to reach a desired result，standard，etc.)没达到，低于295. familiar with熟悉，了解296. have a fancy for(=like sth. without the help of reason)(没有道理地)喜欢，想要297. take a fancy to(=become fond of)喜欢298. by far远，非常(与比较级或最高级连用)299. far from远远不是300. far from非但不…(而且)相关推荐：2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语汇总 2014考研英语阅读精析汇总考研英语二牛人分享经验2014考研英语天才分享27条备考建议2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语三【- 考研英语】2014考研英语词汇：历年真题短语三301. in fashion(=stylish，most modern)时兴，流行302. after the fashion(of)依照…303. find fault with(=complain about;criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵304. at fault(=in the wrong，blamable)有错305. in favour of赞成306. be in favour with受宠，受偏爱;out of favour with失宠，不受宠307. in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对有利308.(be)favourable to(=advantageous)有利的309. fear for(=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.)为…担心310. for fear of(=in case of;because of anxiety about)以防，由于怕311. in fear of(=afraid for the safety of)担心312. feed(sb.)on sth.靠吃…，用…喂养313. be fed up with(=be unhappy，tired about sth. dull)厌烦，腻了314. feel like(=have a desire for)想要315. fill in填写316. fill out(=fill in)填写317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth. remarkable)有突出成就318. play with fire(=take great risks)干冒险事319. set sth. on fire(=set fire to sth.)使……着火，放火320. at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看，一见321. for the first time第一次(作状语)322. in the first place首先，第一323. fit into刚好放入324. fit in with(= suit，fall into agreement)合适，相配，一致325.(be)fit for(=right and suitable for)适合326. focus on(=concentrate on)集中在…上;focus sth. on 把…集中在…上327. be fond of喜欢328.(be)in force有效，实施329. go into force开始生效330. by force靠武力，强行331. force…on把…强加给…332. in the form of以…形式333. be fortunate in幸运，有好运气334. free of charge免费335. be freed from免受，没有…336. in front of在…前面in the front of在…前部337. furnish…with(=s upply)向…提供338. in general(=in most cases，usually)通常339. catch(or get)a glimpse of瞥见(强调结果)take a glance(or look)at看一眼(强调动作)340. be good for对…有好处;对…有作用;be good at擅长于;be good to对…好341. in good time(=early)早早地(做完到达等)342. for good(=for ever)永远地，长期地343. take…for granted(=assume to be true)把…认为理所当然的344. be grateful to sb. for sth因…感谢某人345. on the ground(s)fo(=because of)由于…346. fall to the ground(计划希望等)失败，落空347. on one’s guard(against)谨防，警惕;(be)on guard站岗348. guard against(=defend，keep safe)警惕，防止guard…against警卫…防止349. guess at猜，估计350. by guess靠猜351. be guilty of犯有…罪或过失352. be in the habit of习惯于353. break off(a habit)改掉(某种习惯)354. break sb. of(a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)355. get(fall)into the habit of养成了…的习惯356. come to a halt(=stop)停止;停住357. at hand在手边，眼前(附近)358. by hand用手工(做)359. hand in glove(with)狼狈为*，密切合作360. in hand 1)在手边2)(=under control)控制住361. in the hands of由…掌握，控制，负责362. live from hand to mouth勉强度日，现挣现吃363. at the head of在…的前头。