2019-2020学年高中英语 初高中衔接课程 第四章 句子的成分和基本句型教案.doc
初高中英语衔接-句子成分(共34张PPT)
work harder.
（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
（
（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.
（让步状语）
• 同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词 或代词，对前者加以说明的成分。如：
和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 •
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
• She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
状语
1.用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、 程度等等。
•
状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?
（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party
because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
注：主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句
子必须有主语和谓语）。
• 主语： subject S • 谓语：predicate V • 宾语： object O • 表语：predicative • 定语： attributive • 宾语补足语：object complement • 状语： adverbial
• 7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
初高衔接英语句子成分及基本句型课件-高中英语初高中衔接
S
Vt
IO DO
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
S
Vt
IO DO
3）She gave the baby a bath.
S Vt
IO
DO
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
S
Vt
IO
DO
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 （S+ Vt+ O+ OC）
3. I should advise you to get the chance. 4. I saw him going upstairs. 5. They found the house broken in.
to do 不定式 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done
（八）同位语（ apposition）：在名词或代词之后，对前者加以说 明的成分
3. We will send a car to fetch you.
to do作目的状语
4. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones. doing作结果状 语
5. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. doing作伴随状 语
Smoking is bad for you.
动名词
（三）表语（predicative）用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身 份等，位于系动词之后。一般由名词、代词、数词、形容词、 副词、不定
式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。
句子成分和基本的句型结构讲义初高中英语衔接课程
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
初高衔接句子成分和五种基本句型课件
Tom makes jokes on Jerry. Jerry hates Tom.
Five basic sentence patterns in English 2. SV(主+不及物动词)
The mouse cried.
subject verb
The cat laughs. The mouse runs away.
【当堂检测】判断句子结构类型。
1) They smiled. S+V 2) The cat caught fire. S+V+O 3)The leaves turns yellow. S+P 4) Tom bought Jerry a gift. S+V+IO +DO
5) Jerry found Tom very funny . S+V+O+OC 6) Tom and Jerry swim in the lake. S+V+A 7) There are many flowers around the lake.
Tom &Jerry教你学会 简单句的基本句型
1.Master the basic sentence components of English.
掌握句子成分。
2. Analyze the structure of theห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sentences.
学会分析句子结构。
句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时
态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。
常见的系动词主要有： (1)“状态”类：be (am，is，are，was，were) (2)“感官”类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel (3)“持续”类：keep，stay，remain，lie (4)“表象”类：seem, look, appear等 (5)“渐变”类：grow，turn，get，go，become (6)“证明”类：prove
初高中英语的衔接--句子的基本结构：简单句、并列句和复合句
基础语法（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：T hey went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：G uilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语（—）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we haveto water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs alongchannels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语[ ]、补语< >：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Pleasegive my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
初高中英语衔接 句子成分和五种句子类型(公开课)(共23张PPT)
7.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
定语(attribute)
用来修饰名词或代词,起类似于形容词的修饰作用.
1.You are a clever boy. 形容词 2.I want to tell you something important. 形容词
3.His father works in a shoe factory. 物主代词 名词
2.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately，neither of them could swim.
3.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，in other words, you failed.
9.I’m sure I can ssuccceeesds by my hahradr-wdowrkoirnkg.
句子成分的构成
句子的主要成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语
句子的次要成分：
定语、状语、补语、同位语、插入语
1.主语(subject)
1. 主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.
2.一般在句首。
4.It is so nice to hear from her. Believe it or not ， we last met more than thirty years ago.
2019年初高英语衔接《英语句子成分及基本结构》PPT课件41张语文
找出下列句子的表语
• 1. We are the master of our future. • 2. The old man felt very sad. • 3. Our country will become stronger • 4. My father kept silent. • 5. Your words seemed right. • 6. The drink tastes quite wonderful. • 7. In spring the trees turn green.
常见的系动词：
• 1. 表状态：be
• 2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
• 3. 表变化：become, grow, turn,
•
fall, get, go, fall
• 4. 表持续,保持：keep,remain,stay
• 5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear
语必须是动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之 后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词+动词原形
或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如： He can speak English.
常见情态动词：
•can / could 能，可以，可能 •may / might 可以，可能 •need 需要 •must 必须，务必 •will /would 表意愿 •should 应该 •have to 不得不
作谓语
+ 动词原形
助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不 同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。
英语初高衔接课---句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)
英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分（教师版）PresentationⅠ. 简单句（Simple sentence）:回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？1.定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。
（用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词）我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。
（中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship）。
（中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
（中译英）Tom既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。
（中译英）2.知识拓展：用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。
e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的）man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. （14年高考一模语法填空题）Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
no4五种基本句型结构初高中衔接英语教学课件
英语简单句五种基本句型结构【学习目标】1.学会分析五种句式结构2. 学会使用五种句式，提高造句能力3. 激情投入，体验学习英语的热情【使用说明】1.课前预习部分自主查阅材料完成2.课内探究自我梳理，合作讨论，标出疑问点。
3.灵活运用，当堂巩固【课前预习】简单句的基本句型：1.主语+系动词+表语(作表语的词类有____________________________________) Eg. He is unhappy.The motor is out of order.Her mother has fallen ill.The weather is getting quite warm.2.主语+谓语(vi)思考：不及物动词后面不能直接加__________,也不能用________语态。
Eg. They laughed.They have been singing and dancing for two hours.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语（可以作宾语的词类有：_______________________）Eg. She teaches English.He enjoys listening to music.The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Eg. Please tell us a story.Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补常见动词有:appoint, call, elect,choose/ believe, consider, think/catch/ feel, find, hear, see, notice, watch/ leave, keep/make, let, have/ get, ask, tell, order 等等Eg. The sun keeps us warm.They chose Mr. Smith chairman. I watched him enter the shop.I had my computer repaired yesterday.Don’t leave the water running all the time when you brush your teeth.Y ou may leave your child in my care.【课内探究】1. 主语+系动词+表语除系动词be( am, is , are, were ,was)外，常见的系动词还有：感官类_______________________________________________________________ 变化类_______________________________________________________________ 保持，维持，证明是___________________________________________________ 【思考完成】1) The roses is smelt sweet.(T/F)2) —Shall we visit the park this weekend?--____________________.(听起来好极了)*系动词无_____________,无_______________。
初高中英语衔接课件 第4课时 英语句子类型
2．表示选择，常用的连词有or, either ... or ..., otherwise等。 Hurry up, or you'll miss the bus. 快点，否则你将错过公交车。 3．表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 尽管他个子矮小并戴着厚厚的眼镜，但他却能用一种奇特的方法使他的课生 动有趣。 4．表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。 August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月份是水稻收获的季节，因此每天我都从早忙到晚。
9
5．What_he_wants_to_tell_us is not clear. 答案 主语从句 6．Though_I_agree_with_you,_I can't go with you. 答案 状语从句 7．He waited until_I_returned. 答案 状语从句 8．Where_there_is_a_will,_there is a way. 答案 状语从句 9．I shall never forget the day when_we_moved_into_our_new_house. 答案 定语从句 10．He hid his storybook so_that_his_teacher_couldn't_find_it. 答案 状语从句
6
初高中衔接英语句子成分和基本句型课件
找出谓语动词
① What happened?
② The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
③ We were beaten by their team.
④
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口诀：妆感正持续变好
及物动词 & 不及物动词
及物动词（vt.）
不及物动词（vi.）
➢ 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象 ➢ 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对
（即宾语） ➢ 可直接跟宾语。
象（即宾语）。 ➢ 若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
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找出宾语，并判断其由什么充当
① Show your passport, please.
① （名词）
② She didn't say anything.
5。表语
说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态
位置在系动词之后
一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
英语初高衔接课---句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)
英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分（教师版）PresentationⅠ. 简单句（Simple sentence）:回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？1.定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。
（用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词）我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。
（中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship）。
（中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
（中译英）Tom既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。
（中译英）2.知识拓展：用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。
e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的）man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. （14年高考一模语法填空题）Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语一一表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如：Lily likes her new bike.（名词）莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.（代词）他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy. （不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
一、谓语一一说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用型词充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is_ my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine.他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I amreading. You are reading. He\She is reading. Weare reading.三、宾语一一宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book .（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea .（不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语一一有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink .他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story .老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
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2019-2020学年高中英语初高中衔接课程第四章句子的成分和基本句型教案句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语直接宾语四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
例如：My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。
They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。
She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
例如：This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? （代词）这些学生是你班的吗？Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。
而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。
可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。
例如：You are quite right .（副词）你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。
He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。
宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
例如：We call her Xiao L i.宾语宾语补足语You must keep the room clean and tidy.宾语宾语补足语John asked me to help him with his Chinese.宾语宾语补足语I will have my hair cut tomorrow.宾语宾语补足语We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow.宾语宾语补足语句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。
句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。
定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。
主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。
Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1．We all study hard at English.A. 主语B. 谓语C. 宾语D.表语2．Betty likes her new bike very much.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语3．My brother is a policeman.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语4．Were you at home last night?A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语5．Winter is the coldest season of the year.A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6．He often walks in the park.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8．He bought me a nice present last week.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补9．His parents are doctors.A.宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语10．I’ll get you some tea now.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补11．My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补12．He has read the book twice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语13．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语14．Do you have something to eat ?A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补15．We made him our monitor.A.宾语B.定语C. 状语D.宾补简单句的基本句型：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。
根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1．S＋V;（主语＋不及物动词）I can swim. 我会游泳。
主语谓语（不及物动词）Everything changes. 万物都在变。
主语谓语The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。
主语谓语2．S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）I like English. 我喜欢英语。
主语谓语宾语They are reading books . 他们在看书。
主语. 谓语宾语He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。
主语谓语宾语3．S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。
主语谓语表语She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。
主语谓语表语The food tastes very delicious. 这食物尝起来很香。
主语谓语表语4．S＋V＋IO＋DO;（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Will you tell us something about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5．S＋V＋O＋Oc;（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语）We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。
句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。
系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。
及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。
还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1．They are listening.2．My mother is fifty now.3．I have bought three books.4．My friend gave me a birthday present.5．I painted the wall white.6．The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7．They arrived at six o’clock.8．The map is on the wall9．Children often sing this song.10．Mr Wu teaches us English.11．She showed her friends all her pictures.12．I find him a lovely boy.请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。
1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops don’t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.。