2011年上海高考英语一模翻译参考答案

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2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题)和第二卷(非选择题）两部分。

共150分.考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试卷上.3。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station。

B. At an airport。

C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station。

2. How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars？A。

2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共分。

考试时间分钟。

第一卷注意事项：答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

内衣裤雨刮器留住流失的多面的考古学家第二卷注意事项：用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。

答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

你为什么不在网上订票？（）我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

（）对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。

（）自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。

（）如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。

（）假如你是启明中学（）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。

根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）答案【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于人际关系类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。

题目设置考查了对所获得的信息进行推理判断的能力。

从可直接推断出。

本题虽然很简单，但是还是需要考生对信息做一定的处理。

【听力材料】【话题】人际关系【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于购物类话题。

题目设置考查了对所获取信息进行推断的能力。

根据可计算出如果消费，则应该为。

这道题需要考生对所听到的信息做一下加工处理。

【话题】购物【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于人际关系类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。

题目设置考查了对所获得的信息进行推理判断的能力。

从两人的对话中可以推断他们一个是宾馆的接待员，一个是客人。

根据对话内容很容易做出判断。

【听力材料】【话题】人际关系【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于个人情感类话题。

2011年高考英语真题上海卷试题精讲(含答案和每道题目详细解.

绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

2011年上海高考英语试题含答案

2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteA. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that ther e is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BSe ction CSection DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether bychance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)65.What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?66.What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?67.After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation ___________________________.68.From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ____________________________________ that make(s)an organization more successful.第Ⅱ卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

2011上海市普陀区高三一模英语卷

上海市普陀区2011届第一学期高三期末调研卷（英语）2011.01 Section A Short Conversations（10分）Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Neighbors. B. Boss and employee. C. Doctor and patient. D. Teachers and students.2. A. She can't see it now. B. She is eager to see it.C. She wants the man to see it first.D. She doesn’t care about it.3. A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi. B. The woman is asking the man for help.C. The woman's car has broken down.D. The woman doesn’t like to take the taxi.4. A. She likes biology very much and will continue with it.B. S he will take a science course like biology.C. S he doesn't want to take any more science course.D. S he wants to read more science books.5. A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 5 hours.6. A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant.7. A. It’s too big . B. It’s very good. C. It’s not true. D. It’s not good.8. A. Take care of his daughter. B. Be on duty.C. Be ill .D. Go out sightseeing.9. A.10. B.20. C.30. D.3.10. A. Jim and Jack. B. Jim and Rose.C. John and Jack .D. Jack and Rose.Section B Passages（12分）Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Rent a grave. B. Burn the body.C. Bury the dead near a church.D. Buy a piece of land for a grave.12. A. To solve the problem of lack of land.B. To see whether they have decayed.C. To follow the Greek religious practice.D. To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.13. A. They should be buried lying down.B. They should be buried standing up.C. They should be buried after being washed.D. They should be buried when partially decayed.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.15. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practise speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.16.A. The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B. he husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Section C Longer Conversations（8分）Directions: In section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you will be required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Why can't Karen concentrate on the book? She lacks ____17___in it.Why is Karen starting to like the course less and less? She ____18____ Philosophy to English. Who thinks Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities? Karen's ____19____.What is Karen thinking of doing? Changing her ___20_____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What's the purpose of Mr. Thunder's visit? To ____21___for a job in the woman's company. What is Mr. Thunder's current job? He ___22___ of brokers in a big company.Why does the man want to change his job? The woman's company has an__23___ .What will the woman's company offer? Two weeks of paid vacation and dental and___24 ___.Complete the table using NO MORE THREE WORDS for each blank.Ⅱ．Grammar and vocabulary （16分）Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following, sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C or D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true______ it comes to the classroom tests.A. beforeB. asC. sinceD. when26. The president promised to keep all the board members __________ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informedB. informC. be informedD. informing27. In recent years much more emphasis has been put __________ developing the students’ productive skills.A. overB. ontoC. inD. on28. __________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeB. AnyoneC. OneD. Someone29. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. what30. , I think, and all the problems could be settled.A. If you make more effortsB. Making more effortsC. A bit more effortD. To have made more efforts31. _____ at in this way, the present situation about birds flu doesn’t seem sodisappointing.A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look32. Many people have been ill from a strange disease these days, we’ve never heard of before.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this33. It was quite a serious accident, caused by careless driving.A. which I think wasB. I think which wasC. which I think it wasD. I think which it was34. ---Why did you put the wood ne ar the fire? It’s dangerous.---Don’t worry. Wet wood won’t _______.A. burntB. be burntC. be burningD. burn35. Mother made a promise ____ I passed the college entrance examination she would buy me a mobile phone.A. thatB. if thatC. that ifD. that whether36.Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ______ to blame.A. isB. that isC. areD. who are37. I can hardly imagine so pretty girl like you ________ boxing.A. likeB. to likeC. likingD. to have liked38. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A. have allowedB. allowC. allowingD. allows39. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD. should have lost40. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations __________ formal language is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at whatSection BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.A. ResourcesB. developedC. similarD. deeplyE. quantitiesF. providedG. explorationsH. deeperI. ThroughoutJ. technologicalMan is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. ___41___ history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has __42____man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population live within 80 kilomet ers of the sea coast.In the modern ___43___ world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive . ___44____ on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs.The list of riches of the sea yet to be ____45____ by man’s technology is impressive. Oil and gas ___46____ have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined (开采).Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large ____47___ of food. The culture of fish and shellfish (贝类动物) is an ancient skill practised in the past mainly by Oriental people.Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way ____48____ to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents (水流) and waves offer possible use as a source of energy.Technology is enabling man to explore ever more ___49___ under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2000 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension（50分）Section A Cloze（15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C or D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What’s your earliest childhood memory?Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television programme? Adults seldom ___50___ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four ___51____ retain(记住) any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been ___52___ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia”(儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature ___53___ about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot ___54___ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or ___55___ -- one event follows ___56___ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental ___57___ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the __58___.It’s like trying to find a Chinese work in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new __59___ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use __60___ spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term impressions of them into long-term memories. In other ___61___, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about___62___ -- Mother talking about the afternoon __63___ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this ___64___ reinforcement（强化）, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.50. A. recall B. resolve C. involve D. interpret51. A. merely B. really C. largely D. rarely52. A. proposed B. witnessed C. canceled D. figured53. A. after B. since C. until D. once54. A. access B. refer C. reflect D. attain55. A. regulations B. descriptions C. narratives D. forecasts56. A. the other B. others C. the rest D. another57. A. flashes B. files C. outputs D. dreams58. A. frame B. landscape C. footstep D. pattern59. A. explanation B. factor C. emphasis D. arrangement60. A. some else B. someone else’s C. anyone else D. anyone else’s61. A. words B. means C. senses D. cases62. A. it B. them C. him D. theirs63. A. taken B. spent C. used D. chosen64. A. petty B. mutual C. habitual D. verbalSection B （22分）Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.Erosion（侵蚀）of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.65. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face? ______________________.A. The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B. The experts’ lack of knowledge.C. The rising of the sea level.D. The washing-away of limestone cliffs.66. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ___________________.A. will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB. has now become a threat to the local residentsC. is quickly changing the map of EnglandD. can be stopped if proper measures are taken67. The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____________________.A. lead to its eventual solutionB. provide an effective way to slow it downC. help to prevent it from worseningD. warn people whose homes are in danger68. It is not feasible(可行的) to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _____________.A. it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasB. the government is too slow in taking actionC. they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD. house agents along the coast do not support the idea(B)Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.69. It is surprising that Americans who worship（敬仰）variety and individuality _______.A. still judge a man by his clothesB. hold the uniform in such high regardC. enjoy having a professional identityD. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform70. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.A. suggests quality workB. discards his social identityC. appears to be more practicalD. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes71. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.A. provide practical benefits to the wearerB. make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity(C)On December 3，more than 10,000 scientists, environmental activists and government officials from 187 countries met in Bali, Indonesia, which is the largest global warming conference ever held. One of the main goals of the two-week meeting is to develop a replacement for the international treaty called the Kyoto Protocol, which has been signed by 174, countries, calling for limits on the emission of greenhouse gases.Under the Kyoto Protocol, nations were legally bound to reduce greenhouse gases, but since it was signed in 2005, they have continued to increase worldwide. Of the largest greenhouse gas emitters, only Russia and Japan have agreed to follow the rules. China and India－second and sixth on the list －are making efforts to make cuts.The U.S signed the treaty in 1997 but has not yet agreed to follow the strict rules, which require that greenhouse gas release be reduced by 10% by 2012. U.S. officials are opposed to these mandatory （强制性的），or required, cuts in emissions. "We’re worrying that it would be too costly and would hurt the U.S. economy. But we're not here to be a roadblock," said Harlan L. Watson, a top U.S. climate official.Even if greenhouse gases are reduced, scientists say it will take decades or longer to stop the global warming that is already underway. To help poor countries deal with rising temperatures and climate changes, the UN has developed the "Adaptation Fund" to help them improve farming techniques and water systems.But so far, it has only raised $67 million."The money should come from the countries most responsible and most capable," said Kate Raworth, a senior research official from the Oxfam International aid group. She listed the U.S., European Union, Japan, Australia and Canada.72. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refers to“________________”.A. greenhouse gasesB. the countries which have signed the treaty.C. people who are against the treatyD. the measures taken to reduce greenhouse gases73. By saying "But we’re not here to be a roadblock", Harlan L. Watson wants to say that______________________.A. the U.S will be a roadblock to the global economyB. the U.S has realized that some action must be takenC. the U.S refused to follow the rules of the Kyoto ProtocolD. the U.S thinks this conference of no importance74. According to Kate Raworth, the "Adaptation Fund" should come from all the followingEXCEPT____________________.A. JapanB. European UnionC. IndiaD. Canada75. We can learn from the passage that___________________.A. the conference will last a fortnightB. the U.S hasn’t signed the Kyoto Protocol.C. many manufacturers attended the conferenceD. the global warming will be stopped as soon as greenhouse gases are reduced(D)Section C（5分）Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading form A-F for each paragraph.76．Computers may never offer a perfect system for work and communications. Yet, in spite of the bugs that need to be worked out, there is no question that computers now shape the pattern of our activities. Almost everyone has felt the impact of change as the Internet has revolutionized the way we do things: from the way we run our daily errand to the way we relate to other human being.77．With the Internet, we can now get to information, products, and friends more quickly. With a few clicks of the mouse, we can do research on specific subjects that might have taken hours or days in a library. With online shopping, we can buy what we need more quickly and efficiently. With e-mail, we can maintain friendships as well as create new ones, without ever sitting down to write or post a letter. The Internet now binds more people around the world together through their common interests. For exampl e, many people participate in Internet “chat”. There are informal discussions in which people type their questions and answers to each other on the computer. And unlike spoken conversations, “chat” can involve hundreds of people --- all of whom are interested in the topic being discussed. The Internet has created a new kind of social life.78．But not everyone feels the Internet is improving our lives. The Web is messy in that it cannot always provided clear directions on how to get where we want to go. And the Web is not an organized database; rather it is a brier patch, where people can get stuck or lost. Online shopping is an exampleof this mess. Although shopping from home is appealing, e-commerce is not always as convenient as one might think. Sometimes it takes a long time to order on the Internet. People can waste time to get confused filling out information on all the different screens to place an order.79．Most importantly, many people are concerned about privacy issues. They are reluctant to put their personal information on the Web. Filling in information such as one’s name, address, phone number, and credit card information can shake the confidence of an online shopper. Some even fear that there is conspiracy among businesses to use consumer information for their own benefit.80．Perhaps even more troubling is the belief that as people spend more time surfing the Web, they are becoming socially isolated. A recent survey indicated that 16 percent of Internet users spend less time with family and friends. The amount of time a husband or wife spends on the Web is frequently considered as one cause for divorce. Many young people say that their closest friends are those they have communicated with on the Internet, that is, their closest friends are people they have never even met.Section D（8分）Complete the following sentences using fewest words.(E)Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities (极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures — polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem to be contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life, he said.“Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument,” said Peng. “The problem is that at the interpersonal level you rea lly don’t need to find the truth, or maybe there isn’t any.” Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues, because they have a holistic (整体的) awareness that life is full of contradictions. They do far less blaming of the individual than Americans do, he added.In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming(起源于) from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were “non-compromising, blaming one side —usually the mother — for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offerin g no compromise” in dealing with the conflict. Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons (模范) of compromise, finding fault on both sides andlooking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.81. In Paragraph 1, the author sets examples in order to _________._________________________________________________________.82. Compared with Americans, Chinese are _________._________________________________________________________.83. The studies show that _________._________________________________________________________.84. What is the main idea of the passage?_________________________________________________________.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ.Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.黄浦江隧道的建成极大地促进了浦东的发展。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海卷(英语)扫描版

01—05. BAABA 06—10. CDCDC 11—13. CDD 14—16. CBA17. 655038 18. seafood 19. rubbish 20. recycling21. a few seconds 22. a shopping list 23. Major events 24. is permanent25—29. ADBDC 30—34. BBACA 35—40. DDCDAB41—45. BIHCA 46—49. FGJE50—54. BCBDA 55—59. CDCAB 60—64. BCCDB65—68. DAAB 69—71. BAA 72—75. BCDD 76—80. BEFCD81. An organization of more than 200 individuals.82. Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships.83. seemed to be more difficult / less satisfying84. the close social networks / the free flow of information / the causal communication1.Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?2.I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike.3.As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and mental health.4.No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.5.If you can find whatever learning method (that)suits you, your study / learning efficiency is likely toimprove remarkably.Listening ComprehensionSection A1.W: It’s nice of you to come here to pick me up, Mr. Smith.M: Don’t mention it. How was the flig ht?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2.W: I wonder if there is a service charge for our meal.M: I think so. The menu said the service charge is 10%.Q: How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars?3.M: Here is your room key and the checkout time is 12 noon.W: Thanks for reminding me.Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?4.W: Sorry, sir. We are working on your order right now and we’ll be delivering it soon.M: Soon? How soon is soon?Q: How does the man feel?5.M: Hi, Jane. It’s been ages. You haven’t changed a bit!W: Except for the hair!Q: What does the woman mean?6.W: OK, Mathew. Time for bed.M: But mom, the talent show is starting in 5 minutes.Q: What does the man mean?7.M: Hi, Jenny. How are you getting on with your packing?W: I’m still deciding what to take with me.Q: What can we learn about Jenny?8.M: Everybody is here except John. Shall we start the meeting?W: If we wait for John. We might be here all night.Q: What does the woman mean?9.M: I’m glad you are finally moving.W: I can’t tell you how happy I am. I won’t have to listen to my neighbor’s TV.Q: What can we learn about the woman?10.M: Oh, we left our road map at home.W: Well, since we haven’t gone very far. We might as well ju st turn around.Q: What will the speakers probably do?Section BBlank 11-13 are based on the following Passage.The Common Wealth is a group of 54 countries. The member states all use English as a common working language and have similar legal and education systems, but represent nearly every religion, race and political system on the planet. The Common Wealth is active in a huge number of areas such as health and economics. The heads of government meeting is held every two years where the leaders of the member states get together to discuss current issues. Common Wealth Day is held in the second week of March every year when Common Wealth’s citizens, particularly children, have a chance to celebrate their friendship. The Common Wealth also holds sporting a nd arts events. There is an annual writer’s price and a yearly arts and crafts competition. Perhaps the most well-known event sponsored by organization is the Common Wealth games, which is held every four years in one of the member countries. The games have gained another name, the friendly games because of their reputation for good-natured competitiveness.Questions:11.What do the member states of the Common Wealth have in common?12.What do people do on Common Wealth Day according to the passage?13.What is the passage mainly about?Blank 14-16 are based on the following speech.There is a popular belief that a college education is something to be endured in order to become qualified to obtain certain kinds of jobs or to go to graduate school. This is not what we are trying to do at Harvard. The most obvious goal of a college educationer is to give knowledge, but it is far from the most important. Remarkably few of the facts you learn here will remain in your memory for many years, and some of those that do might be proved false by new knowledge. At Harvard, we have looked to other things we can give that will last a little longer. Among these things are certain habits of mind, such as the ability to have more critical analysis, to make more accurate and logical use of information and so forth. In addition to these habits of thought, it is our hope that we can help you develop certain attitudes of mind like a willingness to accept uncertainty and the lack of definite truth. Beyond providing these qualities, a college education should try to lay a foundation for the creative use of leisure time which can be cultivated in the classroom. Yet, the cultivation of this ability will also occur outside of the classroom. For example, on sports fields, in music rooms, and so on.Questions:14.Which of the following is regarded as the most important at Harvard?15.Which quality mentioned below can be cultivated both inside and outside the classroom?16.What is the speech mainly about?Section CBlank 17-20 are based on the following conversation.W: Good morning! Green Sense. Can I help you?M: Hello, my name is Mary White and I want to complain about a sea food restaurant.W: OK, can I take down your telephone number?M: My phone number is 655038.W: Good! So what would you like to complain about?M: Actually two things. First, the restaurant dumps its rubbish on the street and you can imagine what that attracts—rats!W: Right! I’ve got that! And the second problem?M: The restaurant doesn’t put bottles and cans in recycling bins. It’s not responsible.W: Got it! What’s the address of the sea food restaurant?M: It’s 449 Shanghai Street.W: OK! We’ll look into it and call you back.M: Thank you. Goodbye!Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21-24 are based on the following conversation.W: What’s the article about?M: It’s basically about memory. And it says you’ve got three memories: short term, medium term and long term. W: Um…M: They say that short term memory lasts only a few seconds. So you just sort of read something and you remember the beginning of the sentence just until you get to the end of the sentence.W: Um…M: And then medium term memory. The example they give is something like trying to remember that you’ve got to buy bread.W: Like a sort of a shopping list of things to do?M: Yeah! After you buy bread, you don’t need to store that memory. So it’s erased.W: Just sort of a day-to-day management.M: Eh…then long-term memory. They are talking about the major events that happen in your life such as your wedding.W: And you never forget them.M: Yeah…I suppose so. Permanent memory.。

2011一模卷中所有中译英

奉贤区1、Nowadays people are more concdrned about food safety.2、I don't think he will change his mind easily.3、We senior high students should have great ambition and should not be satisfied with the present situation.4、Be sure to protect the environment and think of others when traveling.5、We hold the same view that everyone, whether(he or she is)gifted or not, is a successful person as long as he or she makes certain contributions to the society.普陀区1、The completion(building) of the tunnels under the Huangpu River has greatly promoted the development of Pudong.2、In western countries, it is quite common for a person to consult a psychologist if/when he has some psychological problems.3、It's a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration.4、All the students present wish that the speaker would confine himself to the subject.5、He is superior to any member in the company in computer technology.长宁区1、It is your effort(s)not your intelligence that determine your success.2、It's bad manners to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.3、Dim light and soft music are supposed to produce a romantic atmosphere.4、Hearing the news that his favorite team won the match, he was too excited to fall asleep last night.5、Even if peace should come to Korean Peninsula, many problems would remain to be solved. 或Even if peace came to Korean Peninsula, many problems would remain to be solved.或Even if peace comes to Korean Peninsula, many problems remain to be solved.闵行区1、Wish you success in the interview.2、The poem is too abstract for me to fully(totally/completely/entirely)understand.3、To keep us in good health, we should set aside(spare)some time to exercise ourselves (do exercises)everyday.4、You won't be able to know the joy the game brings about unless you participate in it yourself.5、(The sense of)Fire protection should not be neglected(We should not neglect fire protection),or great damage might be caused to the lives and property.虹口区1、It is pleasant having/to have a hot drink on a cold winter day/on cold winter days.2、All the senior three students are required to have a physical examination/check-up before they take the entrance examinations.3、These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood.4、In some cases, what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process.5、Now that the tickets for economy class are popular, we should call the booking/ticket office to inquire as son as possible, so that we won't miss/lose the golden chance.卢湾区1、Professor Wang mentioned his new argument in the article.2、You may consult these experts/specialists if you have some problems.3、That old lady cannot put up with the noises from the construction field and called the police.4、He failed to resist the temptation of the delicious food in the reception and ate a lot.5、Those women pointed out that they were not servants of the family and they should have more time to enjoy the life.徐汇（松江）1、The students take an active part in physical exercise.2、Confidence and patience are considered (to be) the key to success.3、There are many simple and effective ways to assess a person's knowledge and ability.4、The performance put up by the disabled/The disabled people's performance last night was so successful that many people were moved to tears.5、He was busy reviewing his lessons and preparing for the exam the whole weekend, only takinga break at meal time.嘉定区1、Regardless of its price, she is going to buy the beautiful dress.2、Do those paintings exhibited in the gallery last week appeal to you?3、Lack of communication between parents and children has become a social problem.4、Shanghai successfully hosed the World Expo, which makes a great difference for the economic development in Shanghai.5、The survey conducted recently in our school indicates that the majority of the students have participated in the discussion online/on the Internet about what has happened in theschool./According to a survey conducted recently in our school,...静安区1、Now everyone has access to education.2、Many international soccer competitions occur around the world every year.3、Tom can't communicate well with others because /for he always lacks eye contact.Tom can't communicate well with others because of /for his lack of eye contact.4、To help prevent the visitor’s/tourists' safety, visitors/tourists are not allowed to be admitted to the park/parks after nine.5、Though he is equal to me in skill and experience, either of us is likely to win the championship. 杨浦区1、Reading electronic books is becoming a new trend for young people.2、The high speed line between Hang Zhou and Shanghai cut travel time to one hour.3、After a month's redecoration, the China Pavilion reopened to the public.4、To the students' delight/joy, they can also have access to the school library during the vacation./What delights the students is that...5、Internet plays such an important role in our daily life that people feel at a loss when they can't go online/surf the internet/don't have Internet access.黄浦区1、How/What about having another cup of coffee?2、If it is convenient, please show me around the museum at the weekend.3、The wife spent 2000 Yuan buying the bag/The bought the bag for 2000 Yuan/It took the wife 2000 Yuan to buy the bag, while the husband thought it wasn't worth the price.4、Whatever difficulties you may meet with, keep working(hard)until you realize your dream.5、To my surprise, the little boy was so clever that he worked out the problem that many adultsfailed to answer in so short a time/in such a short time.5、To my surprise, the little boy was so clever that he worked out the problem that many adults failed to answer in so short a time / in such a short time.宝山区1、I'm sorry/ I'm unable/ not able to/ attend the meeting today.2、Don't worry./ I'll be sending the material? you require/ by e-mail.3、Different kinds of media/ make it possible that/ we obtain/ a large amount of valuable information in time.4、Share your progress,/ challenges, failure/ with the people around you,/ and you'll find help from them./5、With the rapid development of society,/ a growing number of people/ are eager to show themselves to the public,/ which has resulted in/ various/all kinds of amusements.浦东新区1、Language learners should take (advantage of) every chance/ opportunity to use/ practise the language.2、Students should be encouraged to get into/fall into/develop/from/cultivate/acquire/be in/have the good habit of thinking independently.We should encourage students to ...3、Before setting out on/for /going on a journey/travel/journey/starting out/off/(going) traveling, make sure/ see to it/ ensure/ guarantee/ assure yourself that you get/have got everythingready/get fully prepared/make full/good preparations.Before(going) traveling/going on a trip, be sure to get everything ready/get fullyprepared/make full preparations.4、Although/though two-thirds of the earth's surface/the surface of the earth is covered by/with water/water covers two-thirds of the earth's surface/the surface of the earth, many places around the world still seriously lack water/are still terribly/very short of water/water/it is(still)in short supply/is needed badly in many places on the earth.5、However demanding and challenging the task is, she firmly believes/she holds a firm belief/she is fully convinced that as long as she perseveres(in it)/keeps on trying hard, she is bound to/is sure to fulfill/accomplish/complete/succeed in it.金山区1、He adopts/(has)adopted my advice/suggestion(s)/proposal(s).2、I appreciated what she had done for me.I appreciate what she has done for me.3、Despite difficulties, we will try hard to complete/achieve/accomplish/fulfill the task.Despite the fact that there are difficulties, we will try to complete/achieve/accomplish/fulfill the task.4、This song often reminds me of the time that we spent together in the middle school.5、To meet the needs of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, a lot of modern hotels and exhibition halls have been set up in Shanghai.闸北区1、Many students like playing basketball indoors in winter.2、Children should be encouraged to play a main role in class activities.3、However cold it was, he insisted on going to school on foot despite parents' objection.4、To meet residents' need, the school is accessible to the public at weekends.5、It is no longer a dream to live comfortably without stepping out of the room with a variety of modern purchase methods.青浦区1、He is reluctant to set aside some money.2、Many experts/specialist appealed to people to preserve/protect the old buildings well.3、As the singer had no idea how to sing the new song well, she /he decided to consult Steven.4、Whether you are for or against the plan, you have to vote by 12 tomorrow noon.5、It is more likely that those who are well-educated will understand the fact that donating blood requires only a little courage.崇明县1、The book on computer is worth reading.2、We'd appreciate it very much if you'd help us(to)solve /work out the problem.3、Despite/In spite of many difficulties, his rich working experience qualified him for /to do the job.4、There is no doubt that/No doubt, only those who face up to challenges are likely to succeed/to be successful /to achieve success.5、Great changes have taken place in Chongming/ Chongming has experienced great changes since the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge was opened to traffic, and chongming is no longer what it used to be.。

高考英语全国卷2011 I 卷完形填空翻译与解析

全国卷完形填空真题解析2011 I重要单词短语：introduc tory adj. 入门的；介绍的，序言的；试销的introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdju:s/ v. 介绍，引见jar/dʒɑ:/ n. 罐；广口瓶wildly adv.失控地，紊乱地；极其，非常wild /waɪld/ adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的announce/ə'nauns/ vt.宣布；通知learn a lesson 吸取了教训，学了一课lesson n. 经验，教训；一节课，一课时；课take a lesson上课invisible to the eye 肉眼看不见的invisible（无形的，看不见的）provide sb with sth供给某人某物provide sb with no sth 没有供给某人某物provide sth for sb为某人提供某物解析：In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory41 course about 20 years ago. 在我们与人们讨论关于教育如何帮助他们在生活中取得成功时，一位女士记得大约20年前一堂入门的（）课程的第一次集会。

41．考查名词: art；history；science；math分析：41.依据46空后面的an important lesson about science可知，这位女士记起的是一堂科学课程。

故选“science”.The professor42 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans, and invited the students to43 how many beans the jar contained. 教授（）报告厅，把一个大罐子放在桌子上，里边装着晒干了的豆子，并且邀请学生们（）罐子里边有多少豆子。

2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题)两部分。

共150分.考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上.2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.Part I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A。

At a train station。

B. At an airport.C。

At a travel agency. D. At a bus station。

2。

How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars？A. $5B. ＄10 C。

2011年高考英语全国1卷完型翻译

2011全国1 完型
教育如何帮助人们在生活中取得成功，当我们和人们讨论这一点的时候，一位妇女记起了大约20年前，第一次的介绍科学这门课的会议。

一位教授大步走入演讲厅，在他的桌子上放了一个大的广口瓶，里面装满了干豆，然后邀请学生猜瓶子里有多少豆子。

听了很多学生喊出来的错误猜测之后，教授无奈地笑了笑，宣布了正确答案，然后接着说,“关于科学，你们刚才学了很重要的一课，那就是：永远不要相信你自己的感觉。

“
二十年后的今天,那位妇女可以猜测出当年教授的想法。

很可能，他是把自己（的做法）看作了一种邀请，邀请他的学生进入一个无形的，看不见的，只能用科学的方法去探索的未知世界，并由此开启一段令人兴奋的旅程。

但是，一个17岁的小女孩并不能够接受，甚至听不进去这种邀请。

她才刚刚开始认识这个世界，她认为她获得的第一手经验就是真理。

然而，教授说那是错的。

教授拿走了她认知的唯一方法（第一手经验），却没有提供给她替代的方法。

“我记得我感觉渺小，感觉害怕”她说，“于是，我做了我唯一能做的事情。

那天下午我放弃了那个课程，从那以后，再没有走近科学。

”。

2011上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station.B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars?A. $5B. $10C. $15D. $503. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Receptionist and guest.B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. How does the man feel?A. Excited.B. Dissatisfied.C. Bo red.D. Exhausted.5. What does the woman mean?A. Her hair has changed.B. She isn’t satisfied with her hair style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. What does the man mean?A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show.B. He will go to bed in five minutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. What can we learn about Jenny?A. She has got everything ready.B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. What does the woman mean?A. They should wait for John for a while.B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. What can we learn about the woman?A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat.B. Her neighbors get along well with her.C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10. What will the speakers probably do?A. Ask for directions.B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. What do the member states of the Common Wealth have in common?A. A political system.B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12. What do people do on Common Wealth Day according to the passage?A. Discuss current issues.B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Commonwealth Games.B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. Which of the following is regarded as the most important at Harvard?A. Equipping students with knowledge.B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15. Which quality mentioned below can be cultivated both inside and outside the classroom?A. The ability to have critical analysis.B. Creative use of leisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. What is the speech mainly about?A. Goals to reach in a college education.B. Role s of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ____ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ____.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27. It’s no use ____ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28. I ____ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t29. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ____ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ____?A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ____ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32. The rare fish, ____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34. Did you predict that many students ____ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35. There is clear evidence ____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37. The police officers in our city work hard ____ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ____ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43 clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.Part III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the companythousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second gr ade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favorite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path. 65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays.66. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________. A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect material C. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ________. A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils. D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningB69. According toQuick Facts , a humpback whale ________. A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB.doesn ’t live in the same watersall the time C. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers towork alone when hunting food70. To make abreach ,ahumpback whale must ________. A. use its tailflukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways to jump high. C. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks.Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whal e’s back forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantasticmovement, known as a breach . During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near thetop of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick Facts Size: 14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight LivingOpen ocean and shallow coastline watersEnvironment: From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat. Diet: Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting: Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state:Endangered; it is estimated that thereareabout5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide.71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ________.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songsCHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ________.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77. ______There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper’s owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he’s right about something they answer “definitely”, and when he’s wrong they say “to so me extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78. ______In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79. ______There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we’ll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80. ______Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don’t just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognized that organizations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82. What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?83. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation _____________________.84. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.第二卷注意事项：1. 用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。

2011年上海高考英语模拟试题句标准答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷(选择题）和第二卷(非选择题）两部分.共150分.考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己地姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上.2。

每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目地答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试卷上.3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

Where does the conversation most probably take place？A. At a train station. B。

At an airport.C。

At a travel agency。

D。

At a bus station.2. How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars？A. $5B. ＄10C。

2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷)本试卷分第一卷（选择题)和第二卷（非选择题)两部分。

共150分。

考试时间12０分钟。

第一卷注意事项：１。

答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2。

每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上.３。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I. Listeｎing ComｐrehenｓiｏnＳｅction ADirectｉons：IｎＳecｔｉｏｎA, ｙｏu ｗill hｅａr ten short cｏnvｅrsａｔions between two speａkeｒs。

Aｔthe ｅnd of eaｃh converｓａtioｎ, ａｑuestionｗｉll bｅasｋｅd ａbouｔｗhａｔwas said．Ｔhe conversaｔｉoｎｓand the questioｎs ｗｉlｌbe spoken onlｙonｃe. Ａｆｔｅr yｏu heaｒa conversation ａnd the qｕestio ｎａboｕt it，read tｈe four pｏsｓｉｂle answers oｎyouｒpａpeｒ, and decide whｉcｈonｅis tｈｅbｅst answerｔo thｅquｅｓtｉon ｙｏu have heａrd。

1。

Ｗｈere does ｔhｅcoｎｖｅrsaｔiｏn most pｒoｂablyｔakｅpｌacｅ?A.At a tｒａin stａtion. ﻩﻩﻩB. Ａt aｎairｐoｒｔ。

C。

Aｔa ｔｒａvel agenｃy. ﻩﻩﻩﻩ D. At a bus sｔation。

2。

Ｈow mucｈis ｔhe servｉce chａrge ifｔhe fｏod cｏｓts 50dｏllars？A。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷)(精校版含答案)-推荐下载

2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷 (105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A;you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversatio n and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. A. $5. B. $10.C. $15.D. $50.3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bo red.D. Exhausted.5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn’t satisfied with herhair style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in fiveminutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over whatto take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here forthe night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get alongwell with her.C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10.A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, butthe questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A political system. B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12.A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13.A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students forcertain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15.A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use ofleisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16.A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge instudents’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complaint FormCaller: Mary WhitePhone No.: 17 .Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant , 449 Shanghai StreetDetails: It dumps its 19 on the street.It doesn’t put bottles and cans in 20 bins. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.How long does short memory last?It lasts only 21 .What is an example of medium term memory?Buying bread, a sort of 22 of things to do.What is long term memory concerned with? 23 that happen in your life such as your wedding.How is long term memory differentIt 24 .from the others?II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the toughyears.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27.It’s no use ______ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t29.When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered howthey had managed with ______ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______?A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD.do they31.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four dayslater.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32.The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD.having saved33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind,______ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35.There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpretis bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, orI’ll wait ______ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37.The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live asafe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD.only if38.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of______ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reachyour host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ theart of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD.having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing tothe work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how naturehelps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known asthe “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, whichare famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotusleaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkablenew products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistantto dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by therain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Evenwhen traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change ourworld completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and itwill have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , wordsof wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D.first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D.expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D.economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D.differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D.budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on thecontrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D.reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D.interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D.attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D.Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D.convenientSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I wasfourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path.65.Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.66.What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67.Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs68.We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningBHumpback whales Quick Facts [Size:14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when theydive. The name “humpback”, which is thecommon name for this whale, refers to the LivingOpen ocean andshallow coastline waters Environment:From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.Diet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small size Hunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.typical curve shape the whale’s back formsas it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with afantastic movement, known as a breach .During breaching the whale uses its powerfultail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of itsbody out of the water in a giant leap. Abreach might also include a sideways twistwith fins stretched out like wings, as thewhale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at thesurface of the water through two blowholeswhich are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that canrise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal finlocated towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Otherdistinguishing features include largepectoral fins, which may be up to a third ofthe body length, and unique black and whitespots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints: no twoare the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other throughcomplex “songs”.Current state:endangered; it is estimated that there are about5000~7000 humpbackwhales worldwide.69.According to Quick Facts , a humpback whale ______.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesn’t live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food70.To make a breach , a humpback whale must ______.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks.71.From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songsCHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventuallly the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two ye ars ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because______.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Se ction CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Manufacturing industry in information economyB. News in the age of informationC. Argument about individual accounts and theirreliabilityD. Be your own investigative journalistE. Don’t believe everything you read in thenewspapers.F. Information is presented in an entertainingway.76.______With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their inf ormation. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77.______There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper’s owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he’s right about something they answer “definitely”, and when he’s wrong they say “to some extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78.______In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, wehave the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79.______There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we’ll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80.______Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don’t just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that thecoffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81.What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82.What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a largeorganization?83.After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation___________________________.84.From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is____________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.第Ⅱ卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分.共150分。

考试时间120分钟.第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上. 2。

每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试卷上.3。

考试结束,考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

Where does the conversation most probably take place？A。

At a train station。

B。

At an airport。

C。

At a travel agency. D。

At a bus station。

2。

How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars?A。

2011年上海高考英语试卷句答案完美解析(word版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station.B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars?A. $5B. $10C. $15D. $503. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Receptionist and guest.B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. How does the man feel?A. Excited.B. Dissatisfied.C. Bo red.D. Exhausted.5. What does the woman mean?A. Her hair has changed.B. She iSn’t SatiSfied with her hair Style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. What does the man mean?A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show.B. He will go to bed in five minutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. What can we learn about Jenny?A. She has got everything ready.B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. What does the woman mean?A. They should wait for John for a while.B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. What can we learn about the woman?A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat.B. Her neighbors get along well with her.C. She Can’t tell the man why She iS moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10. What will the speakers probably do?A. Ask for directions.B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. What do the member states of the Common Wealth have in common?A. A political system.B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12. What do people do on Common Wealth Day according to the passage?A. Discuss current issues.B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Commonwealth Games.B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. Which of the following is regarded as the most important at Harvard?A. Equipping students with knowledge.B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. developing StudentS’ haBitS of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15. Which quality mentioned below can be cultivated both inside and outside the classroom?A. The ability to have critical analysis.B. Creative use of leisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. What is the speech mainly about?A. Goals to reach in a college education.B. roleS of knowledge in StudentS’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Part II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ____ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ____.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27. it’S no uSe ____ without taking aCtion.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28. I ____ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.a. Can’t B. muStn’t C. daren’t d. needn’t29. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ____ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30. it doeSn’t matter if they want to Come to your party, ____?a. doeSn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ____ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32. The rare fish, ____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD.being realized34. Did you predict that many students ____ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35. There is clear evidence ____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36. If a lot of people say a film i S not good, i won’t Bother to See it, or i’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37. The police officers in our city work hard ____ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ____ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39. you’ll find taxiS waiting at the BuS Station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40. today we have Chat roomS, text meSSaging, emailing… But we Seem ____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature iS known aS the “lotuS effeCt”. the name ComeS, of CourSe, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43 clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, evenmore dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.Part III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease inthe number of defecting(流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.in the uS, domino’S Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “in praCtiCe moSt CompanieS’ marketing effort iS foCuSed on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, SayS adrian payne of Cornfield univerSity’ SChool of management. “reSearCh suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at leastD. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’S Brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she liStened to my voiCe and pronounCed it good. i Couldn’t danCe; She taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just Children’S theatre But adult ComedieS and dramaS—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. even aS a Child i had a Strong liking for humor, and i’ll n ever forget the joy of diSCovering don marquiS’S Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the edit or aS a “youth ColumniSt”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favorite nieCe”. li ke a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted(多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho hascrossed her path.65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.66. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________.A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ________.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningB69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ________.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doeSn’t live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must ________.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks.71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ________.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songsCHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40arChaeologiStS write of their “deep and wideSpread ConCern” aBout the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“your Current requirement that all arChaeologiCally unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum praCtiCe,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, buthas so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “arChaeologiStS have Been extremely patient BeCauSe we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we Cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ________.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. the law on human remainS haSn’t Changed in reCent deC ades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76. ______with the arrival of the age of “information eConomy”, intelleCtual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77. ______There is a joke in the novel Scoop aBout the newSpaper’S owner, lord Copper. the editorS Can never diSagree with him. when he’S right aBoutsomething they ans wer “definitely”, and when he’S wrong they Say “to Some extent, lord Copper.” it SeemS reaSonaBle to SuppoSe that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78. ______In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79. ______There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean alSo iS that we’ll Be SuBjeCted to a Still greater amount of nonSenSe and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80. ______mayBe the time haS Come to do Something aBout it, and i don’t juSt mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. Theinvestigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognized that organizations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for noapparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82. What are the two solutions to the communication problem withina large organization?83. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation _____________________.84. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.第二卷注意事项：1. 用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。

2011上海试卷及答案无错误版

2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(上海卷)一、阅读理解( 本大题共 5 题, 共计40 分)1、(8分)The teacher who did the most to encourage me was，as it happens，my aunt.She was Myrtle C．Manigault，the wife of my mother's brother Bill.She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden，New Jersey.During my childhood and youth，Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential，without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing；she listened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance；she taught me the basic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me.I had books at home，but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour，and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important，perhaps，Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers，she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”．My column，begun when I was fourteen，was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material，the discipline of meeting deadlines，and，after graduation from college six years later，a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”．Like a diamond，she has reflected a bright，multifaceted（多面的）image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.（1）Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A．She lent her some serious classics.B．She cultivated her taste for music.C．She discovered her talent for dancing.D．She introduced her to adult plays.（2）What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A．A book of great fun.B．A writer of high fame.C．A serious masterpiece.D．A heartbreaking play.（3）Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to______. A．develop her capabilities for writingB．give her a chance to collect materialC．involve her in teenage social activitiesD．offer her a series of writing jobs（4）We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupilsD．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning2、(6分)Humpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name“humpback”，which is the common name for this whale，refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings，as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins，which may be up to a third of the body length，and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints：no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize：14 m-18 m in length；30-50 tons in weightLivingenvironment：Open ocean and shallow coastline watersMigration：From warm tropical（热带的）waters，where they breed，to cold polar waters，where they eatDiet：Shellfish，plants and fish of small sizeHunting：Sometimes in groups，in which several whales form a circle under the water，blowing bubbles that form a “net”around a school of fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state：Endangered：it is estimated that there are about5000-7500 humpback whales worldwide.（1）According to Quick Facts，a humpback whale ______.A．cannot survive in waters near the shoreB．doesn't live in the same waters all the timeC．lives mainly on underwater plantsD．prefers to work alone when hunting food（2）To make a breach，a humpback whale must ______.A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB．twist its body sideways to jump highC．blow two streams of waterD．communicate with a group of humpbacks（3）From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale______.A．has its unique markings on its tail flukesB．has black and white fingerprintsC．gets its name from the way it huntsD．is a great performer due to its songs3、(8分)Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain，a group of leading archaeologists（考古学家）says.In a letter addressed to the justice secretary，Ken Clarke,40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue.It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years，regardless of their age.The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied，whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension，is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites，including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC.Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time，but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk，where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago.If human remains were found at Happisburgh，they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was.Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008，guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest，while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains.The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson，an archaeologist at Sheffield University，said：“Arch aeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem，but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be returned，or on what records should be kept.（1）According to the passage，scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______.A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC．it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.（3）What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C．The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades.D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．New discoveries should be reburied，the government demandsB．Research time should be extended，scientists requireC．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion，authorities sayD．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever，archaeologists warn4、(10分)Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.Manufacturing industry in information economyB．News in the age of informationC．Argument about individual accounts and theirreliabilityD．Be your own investigative journalist.E．Don't believe everything you read in thenewspapers.F．Information is presented in an entertaining way.（1）With the arrival of the age of “information economy”，intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than anisations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information.So people of the Public Relations are hiredto speak for them.A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists.In the information age，journalists spend their time，not investigating，but passing on the words of a spokesperson. （2）There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper's owner，Lord Copper.The editors can never disagree with him.When he's right about something they answer “definitely”，and when he's wrong they say “to some extent，Lord Copper.”It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.（3）In countries where the news is not officially controlled，it may be provided by commercial organisations who depend on advertising.The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings.I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show.In Britain，we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment.There is progressively less room for historical background，or statistics，which are harder to present as a sensational story.（4）There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want.People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms.But what it will mean also is that we'll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies.Any web log may contain the latest information of the year，or equally，a made-up story that you will never be able to check.（5）Maybe the time has come to do something about it，and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper.In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version，you only have two choices，switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust.The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.5、(8分)Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure，the organisations are getting less flexible.So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would，of course，be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other，larger organisations can be built up.However，merely having groups of，say,150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organisation.Something else is needed：the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships.To allow free flow of information，they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way.Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station.Whether by chance or by design，it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station.The whole process worked very smoothly as an organisation for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation.Then，for no apparent reason，the work seemed to be more difficult to do，not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they worked out what the problem was.It turned out that，when the architects were designing the new building，they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it.And with that，they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organisation.What had apparently been happening was that，as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room，useful information was casually being exchanged.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）（1）What size of an organisation may lead to communication failures?_____________________________________________________________________ ___（2）What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organisation?_____________________________________________________________________ ___（3）After the TV station moved into new accommodation，its operation ______. （4）From the case of the TV station，we can conclude it is ______ that make（s）an organisation more successful.二、汉英翻译( 本大题共 5 题, 共计15 分)1、(3分)你为什么不在网上订票呢？（Why）_____________________________________________________________________ ___2、(3分)我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

2011上海市虹口区高三一模英语卷附答案

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A ,Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.t he human population are astonishing.25. The impacts of any climatic change ______ A. inB. onC. withD. by26. — I have a sore throat today!_____ .— You'd better take advantage of the tea break to go to A. chemist'sB. the chemistC. the chemist'sD. the chemists'______ of them had any27. Boston, Paul and Ray were all superstars on fierce different teams. Yet, title to show for that.A. allB. noneC. bothD. neither_____ to be a great success as people expected.28. So far, the Shanghai World Expo A. was provedB. had provedC. has been proved D. has proved•____ have thought John was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him. 29. The teacher ____ A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. musta s Russian while I think the contrary.30. Many people consider that French is ______ A. as difficult a languageB. as a difficult languageC. too difficult a languageD. too a difficult language31. American people appreciate _____ beforehand when you wish to pay a visit to them.A. your callingB. you callC. you to callD. that you tall32. Hobbies mainly _____ for relaxation and enjoyment vary from person to person.A. pursuingB. pursuedC. being pursuedD. having pursued33. ______ w e may face, we're supposed to work with joint efforts to fight against it.A. However a severe disasterB. What a severe disasterC. However severe a disasterD. What severe a disasterthe earthquake can't be predicted accurately.34. In yesterday's speech, it wasn't made clear _____ A. whatB. whyC. thatD. how35. inspiration from a Japanese architect, Mr. Smith used cardboard material for his tents. A. TakingB. T akenC. T o takeD. To be takeni s called a stress situation.36. Research shows when people are shut up together, they're in ______ A. thatB. howC. whatD. why_____ children are givenchildren are given______ 37. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment the opportunity to solve the problem by reading.A. which iB. whoseC. thatD. where38. Traveling without ordering rooms in advance can eat up precious vacation time _____ luck issmiling on you.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. when39. A high-tech park is announced ______ i n this area, but I don't know when the project will be putinto practice.A. to have builtB. to have been built C. to be builtD. to build40. The chemical process, involved in the treatment of materials for clothes, ______ the environmentbadly in some countries, arousing much attention of them nowadays. A. damaged B. damage C. damaging D. to damageSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. disappearing B. massiveC. releasingD. contribute E. degradeF. eventually G ecosystems H. increasingly I. essential J. tourismEvery year, 20 million hectares of rainforest —an area the size of England, Wales and Scotland combined combined——are cut down, 41 millions of tons of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.Without action now, many of the world's tropical forests will be lost by this century's end. With these forests 42 . we will lose important species, natural resources and local livelihoods, as well as the opportunity to slow climate change.Tropical forests cover only 12 percent of the planet but are home to more than one-half of the l Earth's known plants and animal species. At the current rate of deforestation, tropical rainforests would virtually disappear as functioning 43 within 100 years. Deforestation would also 44 _ important natural resources, just like supplies of clean fresh water. In addition, the 45burning of forests can lead to severe air pollution both locally and thousands of miles away.South American forests are home to the greatest plant biodiversity in the world, and are the source source of of 46 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical ((药用的) parts. Up to 50 percent of pharmaceuticals on the market market today today today have have have an an an origin origin origin in in in natural natural natural products, products, products, and and and 42 42 42 percent percent percent of of of the the the top top top 25 25 25 selling selling selling drugs drugs worldwide come from natural products.Forests provide recreation for an 47 wealthy and urbanized population. For example, 3.5 million million people people people visited visited visited Brazil's Brazil's Brazil's 150 150 150 conservation conservation conservation areas areas areas between between between 1991 1991 1991 and and and 1999, 1999, 1999, helping helping helping fuel fuel fuel a a five-fold increase in 48 for the country.According to Sohngen and Bach, efforts to reduce global deforestation could 49 to an increasing gain of 76 billion tons of carbon and just over 1 billion acres in additional forests.•. - III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. For For the the the first first first time time time in in in modern modern modern history, history, history, less less less than than than half half half of of of the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. adult adult adult population population population now now now read read literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America presents a detailed review of the 50 of reading's role in the nation's culture.Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in 51 literary reading. The data source for Reading at Risk is as reliable and 52 as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are 53 in the "Summary", but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining 54 among all groups, but the rate of decline has been speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a great 55 change that most Americans have already noticed —our society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.Reading Reading a book a book 56 a degree of active attention and devotion. I ndeed, reading itself is Indeed, reading itself is a progressive skill that 57 years of education and practice. 58 . reading is like riding a bicycle, driving driving a car, a car, or sewing. In order to get get better better better at at at it, it, it, you must do it. you must do it. The The last twenty-five last twenty-five years years of of reading research 59 this simple law. 60 most electronic media such as television, recordings, and and radio radio make fewer demands on on their their their audiences, audiences, and indeed require no no more more than 61 participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and electronic media offer the considerableattention of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused thought that makes various communications and views possible. The decline in reading, therefore, 62 a larger reduce from participation in public and cultural life.What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is nosingle 63 . The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.Reading Reading is is is a a a timeless, timeless, timeless, common common common ability. ability. ability. As As As more more more Americans Americans 64 this this ability, ability, ability, our our our nation nation will become less informed, active and independent minded. These are not the qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.50. A. enhancementB. promotionC. ignoranceD. decline 51. A. childrenB. groupC. adultD. audience 52. A. vividB. familiarC. objectiveD. instructive 53. A. presentedB. associatedC. markedD. selected 54. A. dramaticallyB. steadilyC. limitedlyD. routinely 55. A. naturalB. reasonableC. creativeD. cultural 56. A. withdrawsB. requiresC. benefitsD. emphasises 57. A. turns downB. makes upC. depends onD. leaves for 58.A. By contrast . B. By the way C. In a word D. In other words 59.A. challenges B. confirms C. declares D. adopts 60.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile 61.A. cooperative B. passive C. negative D. active 62.A. increases B. equals C. decreases D. stirs 63.A. cause B. resource C. course D. consequence 64.A. develop B. keep C. acquire D. lose Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many years ago, my dad was facing a serious heart condition. He was unable to work a steady job. He fell suddenly ill and had to be admitted to the hospital.He wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children's hospital. My dad loved kids. It was the perfect job for him. He ended up working with the seriously ill children. He would talk, play, and do arts with them.paralyzed her from the neck down. One of his kids was a girl with a rare disease that She couldn't do anything, and she was very depressed. My dad decided to try to help her. He started visiting her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn't use his hands at all. All th while he would tell her, "See, you can do anything you set your mind to."At the end of the day, she began to paint using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was sent home because the doctors felt there was nothing else they could do for her. My dad also left the children's hospital for a little while because he became ill. Some time later after my dad had recovered and returned to work, in came the little girl who had been paralyzed,only this time she was walking. She ran straight over to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave him a picture she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: “Thank you for helping me walk.”My dad would cry every time he told us this story and so would we. He would say sometimes love is more powerful than doctors, and my dad - who died just a few months after the little girl gave him the picture - loved every single child in that hospital.65. The author's father worked at the local hospital to _______ .A. ease his serious heart conditionB. realize his childhood dream-C. earn money to pay for treatmentD. keep himself occupied and happy66. How did the author's father help the paralyzed little girl?B. He painted special pictures for her. A. He showed her she could still do things. C. He helped her practise walking.D. He visited her and made a toy for her.______ .67. According to paragraph 4, the paralyzed girl A. eventually became a unique painterB. gradually recovered and walkedC. was sent home and never seen againD. sent him a picture painted with her mouth68. What message does the passage mainly convey?A. It's better to give than to receive.B. V olunteering is a worthwhile thing to do.C. Love can sometimes bring great results. D. A sick person should not focus on his disease. B(Note: You may read the questions first.) ________ DESLORATADINE INSTRUCTIONS ________________ CFNFRICDESLORA TADINE (地氟雷他定<药物名称>) NAMEDesloratadine Desloratadine provides provides provides relief relief relief of of of seasonal seasonal allergy (过敏) ) symptoms symptoms symptoms and and and allergic allergic nose USES conditions such as runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes.Take this medication by mouth once a day or as directed by your doctor. HOW TODo not increase your dose or take this more often than directed. USE Do not take this medication for several days before allergy testing since test results may be affected. This medication may cause throat discomfort, muscle pain, dizziness, tiredness, SIDE EFFECTS indigestion, or dry mouth. If these effects continue or worsen, contact your doctor in time. Tell your doctor immediately if this unlikely but serious side effect occurs: rapidheartbeat. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor. If you overdose, contact your local poison control center or emergency roomimmediately. US people can call the US national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. OVERDOSE Canadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. Symptoms ofoverdose may include fast heartbeat. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered. MISSED DOSEDo not take it near the time for the next dose. Instead, skip the missed dose and restartyour usual dosing schedule.Do not double the dose to catch up. Store between 36-77 degrees°F (2-25 degrees°C ) and away from light and dampness. C) and away from light and dampness. STORAGE Do not store in the bathroom.Keep all medicines away from children and pets. 69. What is the main function of Desloratadine?A. To stop a running nose.B. To relieve the discomfort of allergy.C. To help get rid of watery eyes.D. To relieve sore throat. 70. The underlined word dose most probably means _________ ". A. the amount of medication you takeB. the time of your taking the medicationC. the results of your allergy testingD. the side effects medication causes 71. For what purpose are the instructions given?A. To warn people of the possible side effects of Desloratadine.B. To show the correct way to store Desloratadine.C. To illustrate the positive effect Desloratadine has on patients.D.To ensure patients' right and safe use of Desloratadine(C)You want a smart phone, but just how smart do you want it? How about one that can read your mind? Well, that phone may well be on its way...Justin Rattner, chief researcher at Intel, says that technology has developed to the point that "context-aware computing", an idea that's been around for twenty years, is becoming more of a reality.That could lead to a phone that acts as a mind reader in your pocket. But rather than simply collect secrets about you, the device could do things with that information, such as predict what you might do next and make suggestions.Rattner gave a few examples during his speech at Inters developer conference recently.Among them, a software Intel worked on with Fodor's Travel, a traveling website. It learns what types of foods and places you like, based on searches you type into the phone or places you searched using GPS. The software makes similar recommendations when you visit a new city.Tech companies are already working to predict what people want Search engine Google, movie-rental movie-rental service service service Netflix, Netflix, Netflix, and and and online online online radio radio radio service service service Pandora Pandora Pandora try try try to to to guess guess guess what what what people people people want want even before they know they want it.Putting Putting those those those types types types of of of functions functions functions together together together with with with the the the other other other information information information that that that phones phones phones collect collect about people could pave the way for even more helpful mobile phones, Rattner said.A A challenge challenge challenge is is is training training training computers computers computers to to to look look look at at at data data data from from from "hard "hard sensors (探测器)" (which measure place, movement, temperature etc.) and combining those findings with data from "soft sensors" (such as calendar appointments and Web browsing history).For example, your phone could tell you have just left school and seem to be on your way home home - - - a a a location location location it it it might might might know know know from from from your your your address address address book. book. book. It It It could could could then then then tell tell tell you you you the the the best best best route route around traffic.“Things don't get really interesting until you mix that hard sensor data with soft sensor data," Rattner said. "It gives devices almost this sixth sense of predicting what a user will need in the future, whether that's the next few minutes or at dinner later in the day."Rattner added that researchers are even making steps toward the final goal goal - a computer - a computer understanding of thoughts. However, he said there will be a need for stronger privacy controls when phones and computers develop a better ability to "think for themselves". 72. According to the passage, smart phones in the future will be able to _____ .A. understand our thoughts and do what we askB. B. forecast our behavior and offer advice forecast our behavior and offer adviceC. collect personal information and give away secrets.... D. think logically and make decisions for us73. It can be seen from the passage that Justin Rattner ______ . A. believes that current software can already predict our desiresB. B. criticized some tech companies for analyzing customer desires criticized some tech companies for analyzing customer desires;C. gave examples of new phone functions under developmentD. has shown how the new smart phones work at the conference74. What can be concluded about "think for themselves" computers?A. They are a dream that can never come true.B. Their negative effects haven't been considered yet.C. They are being used in some areas of life.D. The need to protect privacy against them should be met.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Think for Themselves: A unique device to predict your future accuratelyB. Think for Themselves: A possible approach to releasing personal informationC. Think for Themselves: A promising development of new technologyD. Think for Themselves: A perfect combination of hard sensors and soft sensorsSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Continual development and motivationB. Motivational benefit from physical activityC. Motivation for problem-solving and decision-makingD. Personal motivation styles and learning motivationE. Hugely motivational effect of expressing gratitude. F . Motivational activities for team building Motivational activities for team buildingMotivational Theory76. _____________________ When a group of people meet for a conference, or training course, there is always a feeling of uncertainty and discomfort. Even if people know each other, they feel uncomfortable in the new strange situation, because it is different. Games and team building activities like ice-breakers,warm-ups warm-ups can can can relax relax relax people; people; people; Teams Teams unite unite and and and work work work together together together when when when they they they identify identify identify a a a common common purpose purpose——whether the aim is the tallest tower made out of newspapers, or a game of rounders on the park. Activities and games break down the barriers, and therefore help develop close relationships. 77 Everyone is different. Taking part in new games and activities outside of the work situation illustrates illustrates people's people's people's different different different strengths strengths strengths and and and working working working style style style preferences. preferences. preferences. Respect Respect Respect develops develops develops when when people see skills and attributes in others that they didn't know existed. Also, people work and learn in different ways.78. ________________________ Learning and taking part in a completely new activity or game like juggling demonstrates that learning is ongoing. The lessons never finish, unless people decide to stop learning. Introducing people, staff or employees to new experiences opens their minds to new avenues of personal development, and emphasizes the opportunity for continuous learning that is available to us all. 79. _______________________ |Team building activities like juggling, construction exercises, or outdoor games, get the body moving, moving, which which which is is is good good good for for for general general general health health health and and and for for for an an an energetic energetic energetic approach approach approach to to to work. work. work. A A A minute minute minute of of juggling three balls is 200 throws, the equivalent of pumping over 20 kilos. Physical activity also provides significant stress relief, and stress management is part of every organization's duty of care towards its employees. People concentrate and work better when they have had some light exercise and physical stimulus. Physical activity energizes people and reduces stress and tension.80. ________________________ When you look someone in the eye and thank them sincerely it means a lot. In front of othe people even more so. The key words are the ones which say thanks and well done for doing a grea job, especially where the words recognize each person's own special ability, quality, contribution, effort, effort, whatever. whatever. whatever. People People People always always always appreciate appreciate appreciate being being being valued valued valued as as as an an an individual individual individual even even even more. more. more. When When When you you next have the chance to thank your team or an individual team-member, take the time to find out a special thing that each person has done and make a point of mentioning these things. Doing this,special thing that each person has done and make a point of mentioning these things. Doing this, the praise tends to carry even greater meaning and motivational effect. Section D Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the i i statements in the fewest possible words. The library is one of the most popular places at a Western university. Students turn to it for research, conversations about class, and many other services.Compared with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK tend to offer more resources. A graduate student at Yale University can borrow as many as 225 books at a time.In In addition addition addition to to to borrowing borrowing borrowing books, books, books, there there there are are are online online online and and and electronic electronic electronic resources. resources. resources. These These include a d atabase database (数据库) search of popular and academic material, such as LexisNexis Academic, which offers items from newspapers and magazines.Although books and articles are the items that students ask for most frequently, some libraries provide video recordings. At some schools, teachers and tutors put electronic copies of their teaching PPTs on the library Web to give easier access for students.Another Another useful useful useful service service service in in in Western Western Western college college college libraries libraries libraries is is is the the the Interlibrary Interlibrary Interlibrary Loan. Loan. Loan. This This allows a student at one school to borrow books from another school. The loan request is made through the student's college library, which gets the book, gives it to the user, and arranges for its return.Technology Technology has has has made made made libraries libraries libraries more more more attractive. attractive. attractive. Some Some Some universities universities universities have have have services services services for for students to send messages through the computer.Earlier Earlier this this this year, year, year, Harvard Harvard Harvard University University University introduced introduced introduced a a a new new new Scan Scan Scan and and and Deliver Deliver Deliver service, service, allowing students to make requests for parts of books and articles. Requests made through the system are handled by library staff. The student receives an e-mail with an Internet link to the scanned pages. The service is free and all material comes within four days.It used to be that libraries didn't allow food or drinks. But that rule is changing and many of them now contain a cafe so students can spend as much time as they want iirthe library.Additionally, some US university libraries are now all-night affairs, or have at least one study room open all night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.In comparison with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK not only _____ . 82.According to Paragraph 4 and 5, what are the two useful services for students in Western College libraries? 83.The purpose of Harvard University's introducing a new Scan and Deliver service is to let 84. What have some US university libraries done for a change?第II卷(共45分) . ●请结合具体事例说明理由请结合具体事例说明理由KEYS 单选25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. 11 B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A 十选九41. C 42. A 43. G 44. E 45. B 46. I 47. H 48. J 49. D 完形填空50. D 51. C 52. C 53. A 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. C 61. B62. B 63. A 64. D 阅读理解阅读理解A 篇65. D 66. A 67. B 68. C B 篇69. B 70. A 71. D C 篇72. B 73. C 74. D 75. C Section C （六选五）（六选五）76. F 77. D 78. A 79. 80E Section D 8l lend books but (also) offer more(online and electronic) resources 81. Providing video recordings and the Interlibrary Loan. 82. students make requests for parts of books and articles 83. They have started cafes/have offered cafe services and become all-night affairs/let students stay longer. 翻译1. 1. It is pleasant having/to have a hot drink on a cold winter day/on cold winter days. It is pleasant having/to have a hot drink on a cold winter day/on cold winter days. 2. 2. All All All the senior three students the senior three students are required to have a physical examination/check-up before they takethe entrance examinations. 3. 3. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood. 4. 4. In some cases,what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process. In some cases,what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process. 5. 5. Now that the tickets for economy class are popular,we should call the booking/ticket office Now that the tickets for economy class are popular,we should call the booking/ticket office to inquireas soon as possible? so that we won't miss/lose the golden chance. 。

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奉贤区1. Nowadays people are more concerned about food safety.2. I don’t think he will change his mind easily.3. We senior high students should have great ambition and should not be satisfied with the present situation.4. Be sure to protect the environment and think of others when travelling.5. We hold the same view that everyone, whether gifted or not, is a successful person as long as he or she makes certain contributions to the society.普陀区1. The completion of the tunnels under the Huangpu River has greatly promoted the development of Pudong.2. In western countries, it is quite common for a person to consult a psychologist if he has some psychological problems.3. It’s kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration.4. All the students present wish that the speaker would confine himself to the subject.5. He is superior to any member in the company in computer technology.长宁区1. It is your effort not your intelligence that determines your success.2. It’s bad manners to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.3. Dim light and soft music are supposed to produce a romantic atmosphere.4. Hearing the news that his favorite team won the match, he was too excited to fall asleep last night.5. Even if peace came to Korean Peninsula, many problems would remain to be solved.闵行区1. Wish you success in the interview.2. The poem is too abstract for me to fully understand.3. To keep us in good health, we should set aside some time to exercise ourselves every day.4. You won’t be able to know the joy the game brings about unless you participate in it yourself.5. The sense of fire protection should not be neglected, or great damage might be caused to the lives and property.虹口区1. It is pleasant having a hot drink on a cold winter day.2. All the senior three students are required to have a physical examination before they take the entrance examinations.3. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood.4. In some cases, what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process.5. Now that the tickets for economy class are popular, we should call the ticket office to inquire as soon as possible, so that we won’t miss the golden chance.卢湾区1. Professor Wang mentioned his new argument in the article.2. You may consult these experts if you have some problems.3. That old lady cannot put up with the noises from the construction field and called the police.4. He failed to resist the temptation of the delicious food in the reception and ate a lot.5. Those women pointed out that they were not servants of the family and they should have moretime to enjoy the life.徐汇（松江）区1. The students take an active part in physical exercise.2. Confidence and patience are considered the key to success.3. There are many simple and effective ways to assess a person’s knowledge and ability.4. The disabled people’s performance last night was so successful that many people were moved to tears.5. He was busy reviewing his lessons and preparing for the exam the whole weekend, only takinga break at meal time.嘉定区1. Regardless of its price, she is going to buy the beautiful dress.2. Do those paintings exhibited in the gallery last week appeal to you?3. Lack of communication between parents and children has become a social problem.4. Shanghai successfully hosted the World Expo, which makes a great difference for the economic development in Shanghai.5. The survey conducted recently in our school indicates that the majority of the students have participated in the discussion on the Internet about what has happened in the school.静安区1. Now everyone has access to education.2. Many international soccer competitions occur around the world every year.3. Tom can’t communicate well with others because he always lacks eye contact.4. To help prevent the visitors' safety, visitors are not allowed to be admitted to the park after nine.5. Though he is equal to me in skill and experience, either of us is likely to win the championship.杨浦区1. Reading electronic books is becoming a new trend for young people.2. The high speed line between Hangzhou and Shanghai cut travel time to one hour.3. After a month’s redecoration, the China Pavilion reopened to the public.4. To the students' delight, they can also have access to the school library during the vacation.5. Internet plays such an impor tant role in our daily life that people feel at a loss when they can’t surf the Internet.黄浦区1. How about having another cup of coffee?2. If it is convenient, please show me around the museum at the weekend.3. The wife spent 2000 yuan buying the bag, w hile the husband thought it wasn’t worth the price.4. Whatever difficulties you may meet with, keep working until you realize your dream.5. To my surprise, the little boy was so clever that he worked out the problem that many adults failed to answer in such a short time.宝山区1. I’m sorry I’m unable to attend the meeting today.2. Don’t worry. I’ll be sending the material you require by e-mail.3. Different kinds of media make it possible that we obtain a large amount of valuable information in time.4. Sh are your progress, challenges, failure with the people around you, and you’ll find help from them.5. With the rapid development of society, a growing number of people are eager to show themselves to the public, which has resulted in various amusements.浦东新区1. Language learners should take every chance to use the language.2. Students should be encouraged to get into the good habit of thinking independently.3. Before setting out on a journey, make sure that you have got everything ready.4. Although two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water, many places around the world still seriously lack water.5. However demanding and challenging the task is, she firmly believes that as long as she keeps on trying hard, she is sure to fulfill it.金山区1. He has adopted my suggestions.2. I appreciated what she had done for me.3. Despite difficulties, we will try hard to complete the task.4. This song often reminds me of the time that we spent together in the middle school.5. To meet the needs of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, a lot of modern hotels and exhibition halls have been set up in Shanghai.闸北区1. Many students like playing basketball indoors in winter.2. Children should be encouraged to play a main role in class activities.3. However cold it was, he insisted on going to school on foot despite parents' objection.4. To meet residents' need, the school is accessible to the public at weekends.5. It is no longer a dream to live comfortably without stepping out of the room with a variety of modern purchase methods.青浦区1. He is reluctant to set aside some money.2. Many experts appealed to people to protect the old buildings well.3. As the singer had no idea how to sing the new song well, she decided to consult Steven.4. Whether you are for or against the plan, you have to vote by 12 tomorrow noon.5. It is more likely that those who are well-educated will understand the fact that donating blood requires only a little courage.崇明县1. The book on computer is worth reading.2. We’d appreciate it very much if you’d help us solve the problem.3. Despite many difficulties, his rich working experience qualified him for the job.4. There is no doubt that only those who face up to challenges are likely to succeed.5. Great changes have taken place in Chongming since the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge was opened to traffic, and Chongming is no longer what it used to be.。

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