北京名胜古迹介绍及图片(英文版)

Beijing's Famous Historical Pictures北京名胜古迹介绍及图片(英文版)Forbidden CityBeijing dust storm - Forbidden City north wallThe Forbidden City, also referred to as the Palace Museum, is one of the China's mo st significant historical monuments, and the Forbidden City complex is representative of t he traditional classical Chinese architecture of the dynastic period. The entire palace was designed for the viewing pleasure of the emperor only, and few outsiders ever saw the 'I nner Court' part of the city.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty. The palace was the home to twenty four Chinese emperors from the Ming and Qin dynasties, spanning o ver 491 years from 1420 and 1911.Tai'he Gate Square - Looking at the north Meridian GateThe Meridian Gate (above) was constructed in 1420, and is the main gate of the Forbidd en City. It was used primarily by the emperor, who always entered from the south. The M eridian Gate is over 37 meters high, and is the second main gate after the outer-most 'Tia n'anmen Gate' or "Gate of Heavenly Peace."Tai'he Gate SquareWithin the Tai'he Gate Square lies the Golden Water River, which snakes through the squ are like a winding jade belt. Five marble bridges span the Golden Water River. The use of wide open space was designed to limit an invader's ability to hide. The stone flooring in t he square was several layers thick to prevent someone from tunneling into the compound.Tai'he Gate Square - Golden Water RiverThe Forbidden City occupies a total space of more than 720,000 square meters, surroun ded on three sides by imperial gardens. The entire complex is surrounded by a 50 meter wide moat and a 10 meter high wall with watch towers at each of its corners. The palace walls have a total length of 3,400 metres.The Forbidden City complex consists of two main parts: the 'Outer Court' and the 'Inner C ourt.' The Forbidden City complex contains 9,999.5 bays or "rooms," which is .5 less roo ms than the 1000 rooms heaven was believed to be.No. 2 Long Alley looking towards the western palacesThe 'Outer Court' centers around the Hall of Preserved Harmony, Hall of Supreme Harmo ny, and the Midway Hall of Harmony, all of which are flanked by the Hall of Literary Glory and the Hall of Military Prowess.At the center of the 'Inner Court' lies the Hall of Celestial Heavenly Purity, Hall of Uni on and Peace, and the Hall of Terrestrial or Earthly Transquility, which are symmetrically f lanked by the Six East Palaces and the Six West Palaces.Jingshan Park & Coal HillTo the north of the Qianqing Gate or "Gate of Obedience and Purity" and directly across f rom the "Gate of Divine Prowess" (aka "Gate of Divine Might") is Jingshan Park, which is also known as Coal Hill or Jing Shan Hill (below). The hill is artificial, created from the soil excavated to build the palace moat and adjoining lakes. To this day Jingshan Park is a p opular morning gathering spot for the locals to preform Tai Chi.Overlooking Qianqing Gate Square and Coal HillChongzheng - The Last Ming EmperorThe last Ming emperor Chongzheng hanged himself atop Jingshan Hill (meaning "Prospe ct Hill" or "Dominating Hill") in 1644, as the rebel Manchu army of Li Zicheng overtook the palace. The Forbidden City is situated to the south of a Jingshan Hill in accordance with t he dictates of Feng Shui. This is why Coal Hill is also known as "Feng Shui Hill."Baohe Hall and Zhonghe Hall marble stepsYangxin Hall - Qing Dynasty ThroneYangxin Hall was where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty met with their ministers.Entrance to the Yangxin HallThe horizontal board above the throne (below left) in Yangxin Hall is inscribed with "Z hong Zheng Ren He," written by Emperor Yong Zheng (1678 - 1735), the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.Yangxin Hall - Qing Dynasty Throne (left), Ci Xi's Bedroom (right)The wedding bedroom and bridal chambers are surprisingly intimate, possibly due to the need conserve heat during the cold Beijing winters. The bedroom to the right belonged to Empress Ci Xi (Cixi) known as the "Dragon Lady," "Empress Dowager," or "the power be hind the curtain," as she was a surrogate ruler for nearly 50 years.Tai'he Hall - Ming Dynasty ThroneTai'he Hall's gold-painted throne was created during the Ming Dynasty (below left), and w as used to enthrone the emperor when he performed important ceremonies and handed down official edicts. The throne is surrounded by six golden pillars encircled by golden dr agons, and the ceiling contains a phoenix above the throne.Entrance to the Yangxin HallImperial Garden - Yujing & Qiangqiu PavilionThe Imperial garden was constructed using a prized variety of rock known as Taihu Rock that is found at the bottom of Taihu Lake to the west of Suzhou in the Yangtze River Delta . The garden and hill were used to view the Queen to autumn colors that lay outside the p alace walls.Yujing Pavilion Garden - Duixiu Hill made of Taihu RockYujing Pavilion on Duixiu Hill (left), Qiangqiu Pavilion (right)Forbidden City Palace Moat & WallsThe heavily fortified Forbidden City palace is surrounded by a 3,800 meter-long moat that is 52 meters wide, and six meters deep. Behind the moat is a 10 meters high red-painted wall, with watchtowers at each corner.Northwest Palace Wall and City MoatThe Last Emperor - PuyiEmperor Puyi of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro Imperial family was the 12th emperor of the Qin g Dynasty, and the last Emperor of China, from 1908 to 1924.Puyi ascended the throne at the age of two, under the deathbed edict of Dowager Empre ss, Cixi (the "Dragon lady"). Puyi was taken from his home in Peking as an infant, and pla ced in the care of a wet-nurse, Wen-Chao Wang in the Forbidden City.In 1912, China became a Republic following the Xinhai Revolution, and the Monarchy wa s ended. Under the treaty entitled "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Emperor of the Great Qing after his Abdication," Puyi would retain the symbolic title of "Emperor," and b e provided with an annual stipend of 4 million dollars.After an aborted attempt to revive the monarchy in 1917, Puyi and the rest of his imperial court were held as a virtual prisoners within the walls of the northern section of the Forbid den City and the Summer Palace, under the watchful eyes of the court eunuchs, and Imp erial Guards.Puyi and his concubines were finally evicted from the Forbidden City in 1924. Being of M anchu descent, Puyi was installed as a puppet ruler of Manchukuo in 1932, at the behest of Imperial Japan. Puyi "ruled" Manchukuo until 1945 when the Soviet Red Army drove th e Japanese out of northern China at the end of WWII.Puyi's life story was poignantly told in the 1987 film The Last Emperor, Directed by Berna rdo Bertolucci.Shenwu Gate Palace Watchtower and Southwest City MoatEach year millions of Chinese and foreign visitors stroll through the massive palace grounds to witness the past power, glory, and extravagance of China's notorious emperor s.This page contains maps, diagrams, and satellite imaging of Beijing's Forbidden City Palace Museum, Jingshan Park Beihai Lake, and the surrounding city.Beijing City MapBeijing Palace City Scroll at the National Museum of China, in Beijing Temple of Heaven (Tiantan Park)。