国际经济学期中考试2答案备课讲稿
国际经济学习题答案（国际金融）共18页word资料
国际经济学习题答案（国际金融）共18页word资料国际经济学习题答案国际金融部分1.不同意，至少从一般意义上来讲是如此。
经常项目盈余的含义之一是，国家的商品与服务出口大于进口。
人们可能会认为这是不好的——国家正在为出口而生产商品和提供服务，与此同时，国家却没有得到使其能够进行更多消费和国内投资的进口商品和服务。
从这一角度讲，拥有经常项目赤字却会是一件好事情——更多的进口可以使国家的国内消费和投资量超过其当前生产量。
经常项目盈余的另一个含义是，国家在进行外国金融投资——它正在建立对外国人的债权，这会增加国家的财富。
这听起来很好，但正如前面所指出的，它是以放弃当前国内消费为代价的。
经常项目赤字意味着国家对外国人债权的减少或对外国人债务的增加。
这听起来很不好，但它意味着更高水平的当前国内支出这一福利。
不同的国家在不同的时期，对这些代价和收益会有不同的重视程度。
因此，我们不能简单地认为经常项目盈余是否优于经常项目赤字。
2.交易c会导致经常项目的盈余，因为这是商品出口，该出口得到的支（交易a不会使经常项目账户发生变动，付体现于资本账户的某个项目。
因为它既是出口又是进口。
交易b导致经常项目的赤字，因为它属于进口。
交易d也会导致经常项目的赤字，因为它属于单方转移形式的流出。
交易e不对经常项目账户中的任何项目发生影响。
）3. a.商品贸易余额：330-198=132（美元）商品和服务余额：330-198+196-204=124（美元）经常项目余额：330-198+196-204+3-8=119（美元）官方结算余额：330-198+196-204+3-8+102-202+4=23（美元）b.官方储备资产变化（净值）=-官方结算余额=-23（美元）。
该国在增加其官方储备资产的净持有量。
4. a.国际投资头寸（10亿）：30＋20＋15—40—25=0（美元）。
该国既不是国际债权国，也不是国际债务国。
它持有的国外资产等于它对外国人的负债。
国际经济学 讲稿2
Before I talk about the tariff welfare effects, I would like to briefly explain Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus, which can help you guys better understand the tariff welfare effects. Consumer surplus refers to the difference between the amount that the buyers would be willing and able to pay for a good and the actual amount they do pay.(消费者剩余就是消费者愿意并且能够为某种商品支付的金额和他们实际支付的金额之差) Then I will depict the consumer surplus graphically. This is the market demand curve which show the maximum price that buyers are willing to and able to pay for each successive unit of the good. However, in a competitive market, the price of the good is fixed. In other word, the single price won’t vary, no matter how many you buy. Take gasoline for instance, if buyers want to buy 4 gallons of gasoline, the total amount of money that buyers are willing to and able to pay is the area marked blue,but the actual expenditure is the area marked yellow, so the consumer surplus is the area marked green.(需求曲线表示的是消费者愿意并且能够为每一单位商品支付的最高价格。
ch02国际经济学课后答案与习题（萨尔瓦多）
ch02国际经济学课后答案与习题（萨尔⽡多）*CHAPTER 2Chapter) (CoreCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGEOUTLINE2.1 Introduction2.2 Mercantilists’ Views on TradeCase Study 2-1 Mercantilism Is Alive and Well in the Twenty-First Century2.3 Trade Based on Absolute Advantage: Adam Smith2.4 Trade Based on Comparative Advantage: David Ricardo2.5 Gains from Trade with Comparative Advantage2.6 Comparative Advantage with MoneyCase Study 2-2 The Petition of the Candlemakers2.7 Comparative Advantage and Opportunity CostsCase Study 2-3 Labor Productivities and Comparative Advantage2.8 Production Possibility Frontier with Constant Costs2.9 Opportunity Costs and Relative Commodity Prices2.10 Basis and Gains from Trade Under Constant CostsAppendix: Comparative Advantage with More than Two Commodities and NationsA2.1 Comparative Advantage with More than Two CommoditiesA2.2 Comparative Advantage with More than Two NationsKey TermstheoryofvalueLabortradeBasisfortheorytrade OpportunitycostGainsfromtrade Production possibility frontierofPatterncostopportunityConstantMercantilismcommodityRelativeprices advantageAbsolutespecializationCompleteLaissez-faireLaw of comparative advantage Small-country case-7-Lecture Guide1. This is a long and crucial core chapter and may require four classes to cover adequately. In thefirst lecture, I would present Sections 1-4 and assign review questions 1-3.2. In the second lecture of Chapter 2, I would concentrate on Sections 5-6 and carefully explain the law of comparative advantage using simple numerical examples, as in the text. Both sections are crucial. Section 5 explains the law of comparative advantage and Section 6 establishes the link between trade theory and international finance. I find that the numerical explanations before the graphical analysis really helps the student to truly understand the law. The simple lawyer-secretary example should also render the law more immediately relevant to the student. I would also assign Problems 4-7.3. In the third lecture, I would cover Sections 7-9 and assign Problems 8-10.4. In the fourth lecture, I would Section 10 and go over problems 4-10. The appendixes could bemade optional for the more enterprising students in the class.Answer to Review Questions and Problems1. The mercantilists believed that the way for a nation to become rich and powerful was toexport more than it imported. The resulting export surplus would then be settled by an inflow of gold and silver and the more gold and silver a nation had, the richer and more powerful it was. Thus, the government had to do all in its power to stimulate the nation’s exports and discourage and restrict imports. However, since all nations could not simultaneously have an export surplus and the amount of gold and silver was fixed at any particular point in time, one nation could gain only at the expense of other nations. The mercantilists thus preached economic nationalism, believing that national interests were basically in conflict.Adam Smith, on the other hand, believed that free trade would make all nations better off.All of this is relevant today because many of the arguments made in favor of restrictinginternational trade to protect domestic jobs are very similar to the mercantilists argumentsmade three or four centuries ago. That is why we can say that “mercantilism is alive and well in the twenty-first century”. Thus we have to be prepared to answer and demonstrate thatthese arguments are basically wrong.2. According to Adam Smith, the basis for trade was absolute advantage, or one country being more productive or efficient in the production of some commodities and other countriesbeing more productive in the production of other commodities.The gains from trade arise as each country specialized in the production of the commodities in which it had an absolute advantage and importing those commodities in which the nation had an absolute disadvantage.Adam Smith believed in free trade and laissez-faire, or as little government interference with the economic system as possible. There were to be only a few exceptions to this policy of laissez-faire and free trade. One of these was the protection of industries important for national defense.3. Ricardo’s law of comparative advantage is superior to Smith’s theory of absolute advantage inthat it showed that even if a nation is less efficient than or has an absolute disadvantage in theproduction of all commodities with respect to the other nations, there is still a basis for beneficial trade for all nations.The gains from trade arise from the increased production of all commodities that arises wheneach country specializes in the production of and exports the commodities of its comparativeadvantage and imports the other commodities.A nation that is less efficient than others will be able to export the commodities of its compara-tive advantage by having its wages and other costs sufficiently lower than in other nations so asto make the commodities of its comparative advantage cheaper in terms of the same currencywith respect to the other nations.4. a. In case A, the United States has an absolute and a comparative advantage in wheat and theUnited Kingdom in cloth.In case B, the United States has an absolute advantage (so that the United Kingdom has anabsolute disadvantage) in both commodities.In case C, the United States has an absolute advantage in wheat but has neither an absoluteadvantage nor disadvantage in cloth.In case D, the United States has an absolute advantage over the United Kingdom in bothcommodities.b. In case A, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdomin cloth.In case B, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdomin cloth.In case C, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdomin cloth.In case D, the United States and the United Kingdom have a comparative advantage in neither commodities.5. a. The United States gains 1C.b. The United Kingdom gains 4C.c. 3C < 4W < 8C.d. The United States would gain 3C while the United Kingdom would gain 2C.6. a. The cost in terms of labor content of producing wheat is 1/4 in the United States and 1 in the United Kingdom, while the cost in terms of labor content of producing cloth is 1/3 in theUnited States and 1/2 in the United Kingdom.b. In the United States, Pw=$1.50 and Pc=$2.00.c. In the United Kingdom, Pw=￡1.00 and Pc=￡0.50.7. The United States has a comparative disadvantage in the production of textiles. Restrictingtextile imports would keep U.S. workers from eventually moving into industries in which the United States has a comparative advantage and in which wages are higher.8. Ricardo’s explanation of the law of comparative is unacceptable because it is based on the labor theory of value, which is not an acceptable theory of value.The explanation of the law of comparative advantage can be based on the opportunity costdoctrine, which is an acceptable theory of value.9. The production possibilities frontier reflects the opportunity costs of producing bothcommodities in the nation.The production possibilities frontier under constant costs is a (negatively sloped) straight line. The absolute slope of the production possibilities frontier reflects or gives the price of thecommodity plotted along the horizontal axis in relation to the commodity plotted along thevertical axis.10. a. See Figure 1.b. In the United States Pw/Pc=3/4, while in the United Kingdom, Pw/Pc=2.c. In the United States Pc/Pw=4/3, while in the United Kingdom Pc/Pw=1/2.d. See Figure 2.The autarky points are A and A' in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively. The points of production with trade are B and B' in the United States and the UnitedKingdom, respectively.The points of consumption are E and E' in the United States and the United Kingdom,respectively. The gains from trade are shown by E > A for the U.S. and E' > A' for the U.K.Fig 1.1aU.K. Fig 1.1bFigure1Fig 1.2aFig 1.2bFigure2Multiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocated:*a. free tradeb. stimulating the nation's exportsc. restricting the nations' importsd. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*a. absolute advantageb. comparative advantagec. both absolute and comparative advantaged. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?a. allb. most*c. somed. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodityof its:a. absolute disadvantageb. absolute advantagec. comparative disadvantaged. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established that nationA has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nationB must have:a. an absolute advantage in commodity Yb. an absolute disadvantage in commodity Yc. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*d. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B canproduce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):a. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Xb. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*c. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity Xd. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:a. Px/Py=1 in nation Ab. Px/Py=3 in nation Bc. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*d. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:a. nation A gains 2X*b. nation B gains 6Yc. nation A gains 3Yd. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial trade between nation A and B is:a. 3Y < 3X < 5Yb. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*c. 3Y < 3X < 9Yd. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:a. there will be no trade between the two nationsb. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsc. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*d. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*a. the labor theory of valueb. the opportunity cost theoryc. the law of diminishing returnsd. all of the above12. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*a. verifiedb. rejectedc. not testedd. tested but the results were inconclusive13. The Ricardian model was tested empirically in terms of differences ina. relative labor productivities costs in various industries among nationsb. relative labor costs in various industries among nations*c. relative labor productivities and costs in various industries among nationsd. none of the above14. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upon a difference in:a. factor endowmentsb. technologyc. tastes*d. all of the above15. In the trade between a small and a large nation:a. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*b. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradec. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedd. we cannot say。
国际经济学期中考试2答案
国际经济学期中考试2答案厦门大学《国际经济学》课程试卷答案经济学院计统系2006级各专业一、判断对错并说明理由（共18分）1．比较优势原理说明，自由贸易会让任何人从贸易中获利。
错误自由贸易长期和整体一定使一国受益。
短期内，会有部分要素所有者和行业受损。
如果判断正确，并且解释从长远和整体来看正确，给2分。
2．开放条件下的经济增长一定会令一国福利改善；而封闭经济条件下，经济增长不一定会带来福利增加。
错误开放经济下存在贸易条件效应。
如果贸易条件恶化效应超过经济增长效应，则出现贫困化增长。
封闭经济的经济增长一定使一国受益。
3．要素价格均等化只是一种趋势。
正确。
要素价格均等化实现需要很多前提。
非专业化分工、技术相同、贸易使商品价格趋同。
但贸易使得它朝这个趋势靠近。
4．A国的某生产行业和外国相比拥有绝对优势，则该部门也一定拥有比较优势。
错误有绝对优势不一定具有比较优势。
5．非贸易商品比例的上升会使得一国福利下降。
错误非贸易品比例的增加相应减少了一国对开放经济的依赖，但不一定使福利下降。
6．假定A国是国际市场的价格接受者。
那么它不会从开放经济中获益。
错误只要国际市场价格不同于该国封闭经济下的相对价格，则该国就会受益。
（接受价格的小国在李嘉图模型中获得全部贸易利益）。
二、单项选择题（共16分）1．李嘉图理论认为，国际贸易产生的根本动因是国际间的（a）A劳动生产率不同 B 资源禀赋不同 C 绝对优势不同 D 资源使用效率不同（ D ）A. 发生于美国之外的产品创新过程和产业的布局与发展。
B. 出口和进口同类产品的国家变得更为重要。
C. 由于在要素禀赋方面类似性，美国和加拿大之间的贸易在日益增加。
D. 具有不同要素禀赋的工业化国家和发展中国家之间的贸易模式。
11. 墨西哥拥有丰裕的非技术工人，而美国拥有丰裕的技术工人。
在开放贸易后，非技术工人的工资将：（ B ）A. 在两国都下降B. 在美国下降，在墨西哥上升。
C. 在美国上升，在墨西哥下降。
华民国际经济学第2版课后答案
导论⼀、概念题1国际经济答：国际经济学研究的是发⼀在主权国家之间的经济活动，这些经济活动主要包括主权国家相互之间的商品、劳务与资本的流动，以及货币的⼀付等。
此外，国际经济学还研究各国在管制与调节商品、劳务、资本流动和货币⼀付时所采⼀的政策，以及由这些政策所带来的经济与社会的福利效应。
具体说来，国际经济学主要研究以下内容：国际贸易理论、国际贸易政策、国际收⼀理论以及国际收⼀的调节政策等。
除此之外，国际经济学也研究国际经济活动的各种制度安排，如国际贸易的制度安排、国际货币制度的安排等。
2国际贸易理论答：国际贸易理论主要分析国际贸易发⼀的原因，以及国际贸易的所得。
国际贸易理论的发展⼀致经历了古典、新古典、新贸易理论以及新兴古典国际贸易理论四个阶段。
古典和新古典国际贸易理论以完全竞争市场等假设为前提，强调贸易的互利性，主要解释了产业间贸易。
⼀战后，以全球贸易的新态势为契机，新贸易理论应运⼀⼀，从不完全竞争、规模经济、技术进步等⻆度解释了新的贸易现象。
新兴古典国际贸易理论则以专业化分⼀来解释贸易，⼀图将传统贸易理论和新贸易理论统⼀在新兴古典贸易理论的框架之内。
3国际贸易政策答：国际贸易政策是指⼀国所采取的对外贸易政策。
国际贸易政策主要分析各种贸易政策的产⼀及其对⼀国福利的影响。
国际贸易理论与国际贸易政策⼀起构成了国际经济学的微观部分。
4国际收⼀答：国际收⼀分为狭义的国际收⼀和⼀义的国际收⼀。
狭义的国际收⼀指⼀国在⼀定时期（通常为1 年）内对外收⼀和⼀出的总额。
⼀义的国际收⼀不仅包括外汇收⼀，还包括⼀定时期的经济交易。
国际收⼀是⼀个流量概念。
国际收⼀理论主要研究⼀国在开放经济下的国际收⼀的平衡问题与汇率的决定。
5国际收⼀政策答：国际收⼀政策即国际收⼀的调节政策，是⼀国采取的关于国际收⼀和汇率的调节的政策。
主要研究国际收⼀与汇率的调节⼀法。
它与国际收⼀理论综合在⼀起，构成了国际经济学的宏观部分。
6微观经济学答：微观经济学是研究单个⼀产者或企业如何利⼀有限的资源⼀产商品和劳务以获取最⼀利润，以及单个消费者或家庭是如何利⼀有限的货币收⼀购买商品和劳务以获取最⼀满⼀的学科。
国际经济学2演讲和论文题目[5篇]
![国际经济学2演讲和论文题目[5篇]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/45b3102977c66137ee06eff9aef8941ea76e4b36.png)
国际经济学2演讲和论文题目[5篇]第一篇：国际经济学2演讲和论文题目国际经济学2演讲和论文题目1.What do you think is the major problem of US international balance of payments? Pleaseanalyze the possible reasons for this imbalance?2.What do you think is the major problem of China’s international balance of payments? Pleaseanalyze the possible reasons for this imbalance?3.What’s the meaning of arbitrage? What’s difference between exchange arbitrage andinterest arbitrage? If you’re a dealer in foreign exchange market, how do you use the forward market to cover the exchange-rate risk when you exercise an interest arbitrage? How do you speculate in the forward market? And finally, what’s the difference between arbitrage and speculation? Please present some real examples of speculation and express your opinion on its influence.4.Please explain the theory of “interest rate parity”.利率平价理论What is the differencebetween “covered” and “uncovered” interest rate parity? Demonstrate演示 the difference by formula公式 and tell us how to derive派生 this formula.In your paper, please apply this theory to predict RMB’s exchange rate against one major foreign currency.5.Please explain the theory of “purchasing power parity”.What is the difference between“absolute” and “relative” purchasing power parity? Demonstrate the difference by formula.Explain the mechanism of “big mac Index” and use this tool to predict RMB’s exchange rate against one major foreign currency in your paper.第二篇：演讲和感想伟大的演讲产生伟大的力量，它能够让人觉醒催人奋进，它能够震撼人们的灵魂，它能够粉粹人世间的丑恶，它能够将激扬人世间的美善，它能够改变人们的精神风貌，它甚至能够改变历史的进程。
国际经济学期中考试
《国际经济学》国际经济学的课程描述国际经济学是一门独特的经济学学科，与其他经济学学科不同，它是以国际间的经济活动和国际经济关系为研究对象，研究国际范围内经济资源优化配置以及国际经济关系对国际资源配置效率影响的经济学。
随着国际经济的发展以及国际经济的开放性和国际经济联系的日益紧密，国际经济发展的制度与机制出现了过去以来所从未有过的新情况。
因此，在经济国际化和经济全球化的趋势下，研究国际经济具有特别重要的理论与实践意义。
国际经济学包括微观和宏观两个基本的组成部分：微观部分又被称为国际贸易经济，其研究对象主要是国际贸易的理论与实践，涉及国际贸易的基础、国际贸易机制、国际贸易效应等，在研究方法上主要借用微观经济学的主要的分析工具。
宏观部分又被成为国际经济，研究对象主要包括：国际金融、国际投资、国际经济一体化，国际经济开放等，在研究方法上主要借助于宏观经济学的分析工具。
国际经济学提供了关于国际经济发展的一般性原理和机制，提供了国际资源配置的制度安排和政策，阐述了分工、比较优势、规模经济、技术发展、产业交往、汇率、国际流动等对国际经济发展的效应，并描述了国际经济发展的基本规律与作用。
国际经济学的学习对加深国际经济联系、了解国际经济发展的一般性背景和基础，对指导中国经济发展具有重要的理论与实践意义。
《国际经济学》的前位课程：《西方经济学》（含《微观经济学》和《宏观经济学》）、《国际贸易概论》、《中国国际贸易概论》。
这些课程为《国际经济学》奠定理论基础，并为《国际经济学》提供前位概念。
国际经济学是一门发展较快的学科，大量新思想不断涌现，这就要求教师既要传授经典的基础理论，又要适当介绍当代前沿理论的进展，为学生理解现实问题和将来的发展作铺垫。
因此，教师在讲授《国际经济学》时，绝不能限于主流经济学观点，必须融合其他学派的观点，如货币学派、供给学派、理性预期学派、新剑桥学派、新奥地利学派和新制度学派等。
介绍各流派时，不应把其孤立开，要把有影响的主要理论融入一个完整的体系中，因为虽然理论出自不同流派的学者，存在分歧，但相互之间并不是根本不相容。
高等教育出版社 《国际经济学》第二版 课后答案
课后习题第一章绪论(一) 选择题1.国际经济学在研究资源配置时，是以（）作为基本的经济单位来划分的。
A. 企业B.个人C.政府D.国家2.国际经济学研究的对象是（）A国际商品流动B世界范围内的稀缺资源的最优配置C国际收支平衡D各国之间的经济活动和经济关系3.从国际间经济资源流动的难易度看，（）流动最容易A商品B资本C人员D技术答案提示：1.D 2. B D 3.C（二）问答题1．试述国际经济学和国内经济学的关系。
答案提示：（1）联系：国际经济学与国内经济学研究的经济活动是相似的，面临的主要问题也是相似的；（2）最主要的区别是国际经济的民族国家性。
第二章古典的国际贸易理论（一）选择题本国生产A、B、C、D四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15，外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为12、18、24、30，根据李嘉图模型，本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势？在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势？（ ）（ａ）Ｄ、Ａ （ｂ）Ｃ、Ｂ （ｃ）Ａ、Ｄ （ｄ）Ｂ、Ｃ答案：Ｃ （二）问答题1．亚当·斯密对国际贸易理论的主要贡献有哪些？答案提示：亚当·斯密的主要贡献是：（1）抨击了重商主义；（2）提出了绝对优势之一概念；（3）强调国际分工是使国民财富增加的最重要手段。
2．绝对优势理论和比较优势理论的区别是什么？答案提示：（1）绝对优势理论强调，国与国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异导致的技术水平的差异是产生国际贸易的主要原因；（2）比较优势理论强调，劳动生产率的相对差异导致的技术水平的差异是产生国际贸易的主要原因。
（三）计算题1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。
表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入A国 B国X Y 621512表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A国 B国X Y 10455答案提示：首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率，然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。
国际经济学模拟试卷和答案讲解
北京语言大学网络教育学院《国际经济学》模拟试卷一注意：1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。
请监考老师负责监督。
2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。
3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。
4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。
一、【单项选择题】（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在答题卷相应题号处。
1、国际经济学在研究资源配置时，作为划分界限的基本经济单位是（）。
[A] 企业[B] 个人[C] 政府[D] 国家2、不完全竞争企业以低于国内市场的价格向国外销售商品的行为称为（）。
[A] 贸易[B] 垄断[C] 倾销[D] 反倾销3、下面哪个是世界货币制度大体经历的顺序（）。
[A] 银本位－金银复本位－金本位－纸币本位制度[B] 金本位－银本位－金银复本位－纸币本位制度[C] 银本位－金本位－金银复本位－纸币本位制度[D] 金银复本位－银本位－金本位－纸币本位制度4、一国政府在一定时期内对某种进口商品的总量实行直接限制的非关税壁垒措施称为（）。
[A] 进口配额[B] 自愿出口限制[C] 歧视性政府采购政策[D] 出口补贴5、国际经济一体化组织的各种形式中，唯一不存在权利让渡的是（）。
[A] 共同市场[B] 关税同盟[C] 自由贸易区[D] 经济联盟6、下列不属于判断一种外币资产是否为外汇的标准的是（）。
[A] 价值性[B] 可偿性[C] 可兑换性[D] 国际通用性7、期限为一年或一年以内的资本流动称为（）。
[A] 资本流出[B] 资本流入[C] 长期资本流动[D] 短期资本流动8、最优关税率应等于（）。
[A] 零进口关税[B] 零关税与禁止性关税之间的某一水平[C] 禁止性关税[D] 禁止性关税以上9、人们较注重名义货币收入，而对物价的变化并不敏感的效应称为（）。
国际经济学讲话稿
杭志芊：黑色张清：蓝色李丹：黄色张恩慧：红色大家好！我们是六班第二组。
我们的课题是《实体经济在对外贸易中的问题》这是由实习企业所引出的课题。
在为了使内容更加充实，PPT内容多是理论而讲授内容多是结合企业实况。
（第二张PPT）主要有以下四块内容。
先由张清开始。
（第三张PPT）第一块内容是新形势下比较优势的变化。
在中国对外贸易开展的多年间，对外贸易经济在不断发展。
从最初的轻纺织业和轻工业产品制造行业，到现如今的电子产品加工和出口。
中国对外贸易的比较优势一直在不断变化。
（第四张PPT）比价优势理论的根本就是机会成本。
这就说明比较优势实际上取决于劳动生产率的相对水平。
在这一条件下，中国的出口商品在不具有绝对优势的情况下同样拥有了强大的出口经济。
（第五张PPT）中国传统的比较优势行业就是以德生纺织为代表的传统纺织制造行业。
实习过程中我们发现德生纺织的公司规模不大但职工人数较多。
这是中国传统出口优势劳动力密集型产业的典型代表。
中国劳动力产品的比较优势既可以说是中国自然条件决定的，也可以说是中国在国际环境下被迫选择的。
发达国家在相对比较优势中占据了科技和知识型产业优势的高地。
中国被迫选择廉价劳动力行业。
但当下中国的劳动力优势在不断减少，像纺织品工业国际分工开始逐步向东南亚地区转移。
中国必须寻求新的比较优势产业来适应新的国际贸易形势（第六张PPT）中国像德生纺织一样的纺织工业在对外贸易中，需要进行优势转型。
仅仅依靠劳动力资源在国际市场中取得的利润在逐年下降。
主要有以下几点建议。
德生纺织先有设备都是日本津田驹的第二代产品，人力依靠程度仍然很大。
要在此基础上引进更加先进的设备技术实现产能提高。
想要改变出口的比较优势，应该加快产业结构转型。
从“比较利益陷阱”中挣脱出来。
也许当前纺织品工业和轻工业制造仍然可以为中国的贸易提供强大动力，但是从长远来看这部分收益势必要随着经济发展退出历史舞台。
想要在国际贸易中取得占据更加有利的地位，就必须突破出口刚性，实现新的国际贸易形势下比较优势的提升。
国际经济学期中复习
I. 选择题（每题2分共 40分）
1. 根据李嘉图贸易理论，国家 间贸易的基础在于(B) A. 消费者需求偏好的不同； B. 生产者技术水平的不同； C. 生产的规模经济性； D. 要素禀赋差异。
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2. 根据H-O贸易理论，国家间贸易 的基础在于(D) A. 消费者需求偏好的不同； B. 生产者技术水平的不同； C. 生产的规模经济性； D. 要素禀赋差异。
3. 如果国际市场上木材对小麦的相对价格是1吨木材可交 换1.8吨小麦，根据下表(D) 单位产出所需工作日 国家 木材 小麦 墨西哥 5 3 加拿大 2 3 美国 2 1 A. 美国和墨西哥应该出口木材，加拿大应该出口小麦； B. 墨西哥应该出口木材，加拿大和美国出口小麦； C. 美国应该出口木材，加拿大和墨西哥应该出口小麦； D. 墨西哥和加拿大应该出口木材，美国应该出口小麦。
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2. (20分)美国和欧元区是农产品出口的大国， 中国是纺织品出口的大国。根据要求画图分 析欧元区对农产品出口的补贴政策对中国贸 易条件的影响。 (1) (10分)基于相对总供给与相对总需求的 分析框架，分析这一政策的短期效应； (2) (10分)基于提供曲线的分析框架，分析 短期内这一政策可能对中国进出口的影响。
《国际经济学》期中考试题讲解
张照侠
2013-05-12
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国际经济学2 的习题43页PPT
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
国际经济学2 的习题
16、自己选择的路、跪着也要把它走 完。 17、一般情况下)不想三年以后的事， 只想现 在的事 。现在 有成就 ，以后 才能更 辉煌。
18、敢于向黑暗宣战的人，心里必须 充满光 明。 19、学习的关键--重复。
20、懦弱的人只会裹足不前，莽撞的 人只能 引为烧 身，只 有真正 勇敢的 人才能 所向披 靡。
国际经济学试题2答案.doc
2、F3、T4、T5、F6、T7、T8、T9、T 10、F1、T一、名词解释：（5题，每题4分，共20分）1、 里昂惕夫之谜：里昂惕夫之谜是由美国经济学家里昂惕夫在用其所提出的投 入——产出分析方法检验美国进出口是否符合H —0理论所提出的（1分），按照 H —0理论，美国应该专业化生产并出口资本密集型的产品，进口劳动密集型的 产品（1分），但是，里昂惕夫经过检验计算得出，美国出口的是劳动密集型的 产品，进口的是资本密集型的产品，冈V 好与H —0相反（1分）。
因此，人们把这 个理论称之为里昂惕夫之谜。
围绕里昂惕夫之谜，经济学家对国际贸易理论进行 了更深入的研究C1分）2、 比较优势原理：即使一国在两种产品的生产上都较另一国没有效率，仍然可 以进行双赢的贸易C1分）。
第一国应该专业化生产并出口其绝对劣势较小的产 品，而进口其绝对劣势较大的产品（2分）。
另一个国家则进行相反的贸易（1分）。
3、 有效关税率：也叫有效关税率，是指对某个工业每单位产品"增值”部分的 从价税率，其税率代表着关税对本国同类产品的真正有效的保护程度。
4、 贸易乘数：指对外贸易对经济增长的巨大作用，（2分）通过对外贸易的发展, 从而带动国内要素的优化配置，可以对国民经济带来乘数倍的效应。
（2分）。
5、 马歇尔一勒纳条件：是勒纳在马歇尔的国际收支调节乘数论的基础上进一步 研究的结果C2分），指的是在供给弹性无穷大的情况下，如果进出口需求弹性 的绝对值大于1,货币贬值就能使一国国际收支得到改善，由逆斧变为顺斧C2 分）。
二、判断题（正确的标“T”，错误的标“F”，并将答案填入对应的方格中。
共 10题，每题1分，共10分）三、简答题（共5题，每题8分，共40分） 1、简述H —0理论的前提假设。
1、贸易中有两个国家（A 国和B 国），两种商品（X 与Y ）,两种生产要素（劳动与资本）。
两国在生产中都使用相同的技术。
2、在两个国家中，商品X 都 是劳动密集型产品，商品Y 都是资本密集型产品。
国际经济学期中复习最终版
国际经济学名词解释绝对优势：如果一国在某种产品生产上的劳动生产率高于另一国，或在劳动成本上低于另一国，则认为该国在该产品生产上具有绝对优势。
绝对优势主张以各国生产成本的绝对差异为基础进行国际专业化分工，并通过国际贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。
比较优势：所谓比较优势是指一国在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势，在绝对劣势基础上的相对较少的劣势。
比较优势主张以各国生产成本或相对差异为基础进行专业化分工，并通过国家贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。
完全专业化：各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工，在机会成本不变的情况下，每一国只生产其具有比较优势的产品，即全世界对某种产品的需求完全由具有比较优势的国家来生产。
贸易三角：贸易三角是衡量贸易利益的重要工具，主要由均衡时的国家贸易条件、一国的出口量和进口量三条线围成，反映一国的出口在均衡的国际贸易条件下，能够换回多少进口。
不完全专业化：各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工，在机会成本递增的情况下，各国将只部分生产其具有比较优势的产品并出口，同时也要生产其不具有比较优势的商品，这是因为随着某种产量的增加，机会成本呈现递增态势，因此原来在该产量上具有比较优势的国家会因为专业化生产而导致比较优势的逐渐丧失。
重商主义：重商主义主要兴盛于15世纪到18世纪中叶，认为货币是财富的唯一形式，因此主张采取奖出罚入的政策，主张取消进口以避免本国贵金属的流失，鼓励出口以增加贵金属的流入。
重商主义反映了资本原始积累时期，商业资本家对货币或贵金属的认识。
国际贸易：通常从狭义上讲，国际贸易指商品（或货物）的跨国流动，而在广义上，国际贸易既包括商品贸易也包括要素贸易。
生产可能性边界：它表示在一定的技术条件下，一国的全部资源所能生产的各种物品或者劳务的最大产量。
边际技术替代率：在维持产量水平不变的条件下，增加一单位某种生产要素投入量时所减少的另一种要素的投入量，在只有两种要素劳动L和资本K的情况下，边际技术替代率MRTS可以记做：MRTS LK=-△K/△L等产量曲线上某一点的边际技术替代率就是等产量曲线在该点斜率的绝对值，此外，边际技术替代率还可以表示为两要素的边际产量之比。
厦门大学《国际经济学》国际经济学期中考试1-英文.doc
Mid-term Examination for International EconomicsLMultiple choices: 30%1.Mercantilists believedA.That trade can only benefit a country at the expense of all other countries・B.That maintaining a balance of trade surplus was best.ernment should have no control over trade.D.Amassing large quantities of gold and silver were damaging to the health of a country.2.Specialization in production is ______ with _______ ・A.Incomplete; constant costsB.Incomplete; increasing costsC.Variable; constant costsplete; increasing costs3.China is relatively labor-abundant and Australia is relatively land-abundant. Textiles are relatively more labor-intensive than the production of wool According to Hcckschcr-Ohlin (H-O) theory, Australia will have:A.A comparative advantage in textiles. B・ An absolute advantage in textiles.C.A comparative advantage in wool.D. An absolute advantage in wool.4.Considering a world economy with two goods, two countries・ Suppose country 1 specializes in and exports commodity x in exchange of commodity y. Which of the following is the possible basis for international trade according the absolute advantage theory ?A.The unit labor requirment in x production is less in Country 2 than that in Country 1 ・B.The relative price of x in Country 1 exceeds the relative price of x in country 1C・ Country 1 can produce a unit of x with less labor than country 2D.All of the above.5.Which of the following is not the assumption generally used in the study of classical intcrnational trade theory?A.perfect competitionB.difference in factor endowmentplete specializationD.pefect intemaional moility of factors6.Gains from trade can be demonstrated in the neoclassical model by noting thatA.trade leads to specializationB.trade brings out diversity in consumptionC.trade results in more consumption above the production possbility frontierD.trade allows a country to learn new technology7.Which of the following is not long-run results of free trade:modity prices equalize between countries.B.Countries specialize more・C.One country gains while the other loses・D.Factor prices equalize between countries・8.In a labor-abundant country:A.Wage rates will fall with the opening of free trade・B.Wage rates will rise with the opening of fi-ee trade.C・ Wage rates will stay the same with the opening of free trade.D・ The change of wage rates is ambiguous・9. Which of the following would be winners when trade breaks out in a land abundant country:ndownersB. workersC. capital owners D・ all of them10.If the U.S. has a comparative advantage in the production of corn (land-intensive, and has a comparative disadvantage in the production of textiles (labor-intensive., in the short-mn, landowners in which sectors would gain?A. cornB. textilesC. bothD. neither11 ・Before trade, Australia is relatively abundant in capital and China is relatively abundant in labor. We would expect that the incomes of ________ in China and of _________ in Australia would increase・12.Heckscher-Ohlin theory can also be called:A.The theory of comparative advantage・B・ Factor-endowment theory.C・ The theory of absolute advantage・ D. The factor-proportions theory.13.Gains from trade can be broken down into two components:A.From exchange;from spccializationB.From specialization; from progress in producitivityC.From the technology change;from specializationD・ From factor transition; from exchange14.Which of the following is one of the assumptions of the H-O Model?A.Nations use diffcrcncc tech no logy in productionB.Both commodities are produced under increasing returns to scaleC.Tastes are equal in both nationsD・ There is imperfect factor mobility within each nation and no international factor mobility15.Equilibrium Relative Commodity Price with trade detennined byA.Mutual demand and supply in the world marketB.Trade neogiation between the two countriesC.The international unit labor requirments of the commodityD.The management by both governments16.Which of the following can lead to international tradeA.diffcrcnccs in taste B・ differences in resourcesC・ differences in productivity D. all of the above17.The Leontief Paradox found fault with:A.The theory of absolute advantage・B. The theory of comparative advantage・C.Heckschcr・Ohlin (H-O) theory.D. The Factor Price Equalization theorem.18.IfY production uses 80 workers and 200 units of capital, while X production uses 20 workers and 20 units of capital, thenA.Y production is Capital intensiveB.X production is Capital intensiveC.If country 1 is labor aboundant, she should specialize in and export X.D.All of the above are false.19.In a specific factors model, the increase of price of manufocturcs will not leads tobor shifts from the food sector to the manufacturing sectorB.output of manufactures rises while that of food falls.C.Workers are definitely better offD.The wage rate rises in both sectors.20.Only doubling labor with trade in a large labor-abundant country _____ ・A. deteriorate the country's terms of trade B・ can increase or reduces the volume of tradeC.reduces the country's social welfareD.all of the above・2 l.The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling labor at constant relative commodity price _____ ・A.doubles the output of the labor-intensive commodityB.reduces the output of the capital-intensive commodityC.keeps the output of the capital-intensive commodity unchanged23. A monopoly firm engaged in international trade will _____ . A. equate average to local costsB. equate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenuesC. equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bearD. equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and foreign markets.24.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, wc should NOT expect to see ______ ・A. intra-industiy trade between countriesB.perfect competition in these industriesC.interindustry trade between countriesD.high levels of specialization in both countries25.In the domestic monopolistically competitive market, as the number of varieties increases, the price ________ and the unit cost26.A product is produced in a monopolistically competitive industry with scale economies ・ If this industry exists in two countries, and these two countries engage in trade one with the other, we would expectA. the country in which the price of the product is lower will export the product.B. thc country with a relative abundance of the factor of production in which production ofC. the product is intensive will export this product.D. each of the countries will export different varieties of the product to the other.27.International trade based on internal scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried out by a ______ ・A. relatively large number of price competing firmsB. relative small number of price competing firmsC. relative small number of competing oligopolistsD. monopoly firms in each country/industry.28. Which of the following is not correct about the intraindustry trade and intraindustry trade:A The basis for trade in interindustiy trade is comparative advantage, and that in intraindustry trade is not comparative advantageB The pattern of inteeindustry trade itself is unpredictable, and the pattern of interindustry can be predicted through the pretrade relative price of commodites.C If Home and Foreign are similar, there will be more interindustry trade ・D Intraindustry trade can make all factors better off.29. Which of the following factors would NOT be likely to contribute to a worsening of the terms of trade of developing countries?A. Heavy reliance on primary production exports ・B. The differing price effects of technological change compared to developed countries ・C. Developing countries' attempts to diversify their exports and include more manufactured goods in their export commoditiesD. Differences in the demand characteristics of the developing countries' exports and imports.30. Assume a country that produces cloth and coal. Assume that cloth production requires significant amounts of labor and capital, but relatively little land. Assume that coal production requires relatively little labor and capital, but relatively large amounts of coal-rich land. Given increases in the country's endowments of capital and labor, we can expect thatA. both cloth and coal production will in crease ・A.increases; increasesB. increases; decreasesC. decreases; increasesD.decreases; decreases D.any of the above.B.cloth production will increase, but coal production will remain constant.C.coal production will increase, but cloth production will remain constant.D.cloth production will increase, but coal production will decline・II.True or False:10%31.To increase one country's wealth, the country must sell more to strangers than consume of theirs in value yearly.32.If one nation is less efficient than the other country in the production of both commodities, there is not a basis for mutuallybeneficial trade・33.The Ricardian model explains why abosulute advantage is not nessecarily for international trade.34.Countrics A and B have two factors of production, capital and labor, with which they produce two goods, X and Y.Technology is the same in the two countries・ Good X is capital intensive; Country A is capital abundant. An increase in A's labor induces an increase in B、s terms of trade・35.Increasing opportunity cost arise when resources are perfect substitutes for each other or used in fixed proportion in theproduction.36.Small Country have no effects on the relative price on the world market37.The Heckscher-Ohlin model with two factors of production, labor and capital, shows that free trade between the US andMexico would lower US wages to the level of Mexican wages that prevails prior to the opening to trade・3& In a specific factors model, where labor is the mobile factor, trade is beneficial for the workers of the export secto匚39.Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages・40.Free trade is beneficial only for strong economics・III.Essay questions: 20%41.Consider an economy where the factors of production are labor (mobile) and capital (sector-specific in the Specific Factors model and mobile in the Heckscher-Ohlin model). Contrast the welfare effect of trade on the capital owners in the Specific Factors and the Hcckschcr-Ohlin models.42.What is the Leontief Paradox? Give two explanations to it.43.Many theoretical trade models assume that all goods are perfect substitutes and that all goods are traded・ There are also many models that specify the existence of non-lraded goods or that traded goods are imperfect substitutes. What are the implications for the H・O model with non-traded goods and/or goods that are imperfect substitutes?IV.Graphic problems or quantitative problems: 40%44.Specific model. Suppose that the United States produces only food and manufactures. Land is a specific factor input in food production and capital is a specific factor input in manufactures while labor is freely allocated across both sectors of the economy. All of a sudden, agricultural policy in the European Union induces an increase in the world food supply and reduces the international price of food. Illustrate the impact of the reduction in the price of food on the US labor demand curves for food and manufactures. What is the impact on labor allocation in the US and what is the impact on the wage rate? 45. Ricardian model. Suppose the unit labor requirements (the number of hours of labor required to produce one unit commodity) for country I and 2 are the following:Country 1 Country 2corn 2 20banana 6 48tomato 5 20apples 7 20wheat 12 645.1Suppose that all residents in both countries merely consume tomato and wheat. Then which goods will country Aproduce and export? Which goods will country B produce and export?45.2This problem is based on 29」・Suppose that every country has 120 hours of labors・ Prove that each country canbenefit from trade under such assumptions・45.3If the wage rate in A is five times that of B, which goods will country A export? which goods will country B export?46. A free-trade equilibrium exists in a two-region, two-product world. The United States trade with the Rest-of^the-World,exporting manufacturing and importing energy. Suppose that environmental consciousness has reduced the demand for energy in the US.46.1.At given international price, what is the effect in the US of this change in demand on the desired levels of imports andof exports?46.2.Illustrate this result on a graph showing the inipact of this decline in the demand for energy on the US offer curve ・46.3Assume that the United States is large enough to influence international prices, show on the previous graph how thisreduction in the demand for energy in the US affects the equilibrium international price ratio and volume of trade.46.4Show on a PPF graph and explain the eftect of this change in the terms of trade in the Rest of the World on Rest of theWorld's welfare・47. Monopolistic competition and international trade・Imagine an industry consisting of a number of firms producingdifferentiated products. The particular equation for the demand and the for the cost facing a firm are:Q = S X [1/n-b X (P — P*)]AC = F/Q + cwhere:Q is the firm's sales, S is the total sales of the industry, n is the number of firms in the industry, b is a constant term representing the responsiveness of a firm's sales to its price, P is the price charged by the firm itself, and P* is the average price charged by other competitors・Assume the following: b = 1/30000, F = $750,000,000, c = $5000 .And assume there are two countries (Home and Foreign) that have the same costs of automobile production. Annual sales of automobiles are 1600 million at Home and 4900 million at Foreign.47.1Show the equilibrium price and numbers of firms of Home and Foreign in the absence of trade.47.2Show the equilibrium price and numbers of firms of Home and Foreign in open economies・一.单项选择:BBCCDCCBABBDACADCACABBDBCDDCCD二.判断对错xxppx xpxxx三.简答1.7分要点：1)特定要素模型中的资本属于特定要素，在国际贸易后，资本柑对丰裕的国家出口特定被特定使用的产品，并从中获益；反Z，资本相对稀缺的国家资本受损。
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C征税后，国际市场Y产品相对价格上升D征税后，国内市场Y产品相对价格上升
16.对行业内贸易论断不正确的是C
A行业内贸易不反映比较优势B行业内贸易的模式难以预测
C行业内贸易占一国贸易的大部分份额D行业内贸易容易发生在发达国家之间
三、多项选择题（共16分）错误少选多选均不给分
1．在单一劳动要素、2种产品的李嘉图模型中，封闭经济下的商品相对价格由（abd）决定
A经济中的供给和需求的共同作用B生产可能性边界的斜率
错误
开放经济下存在贸易条件效应。如果贸易条件恶化效应超过经济增长效应，则出现贫困化增长。封闭经济的经济增长一定使一国受益。
3．要素价格均等化只是一种趋势。
正确。
要素价格均等化实现需要很多前提。非专业化分工、技术相同、贸易使商品价格趋同。但贸易使得它朝这个趋势靠近。
4．A国的某生产行业和外国相比拥有绝对优势，则该部门也一定拥有比较优势。
D.具有不同要素禀赋的工业化国家和发展中国家之间的贸易模式。
11.墨西哥拥有丰裕的非技术工人，而美国拥有丰裕的技术工人。在开放贸易后，非技术工人的工资将：（B）
A.在两国都下降B.在美国下降，在墨西哥上升。
C.在美国上升，在墨西哥下降。D.在两个国家都上升。
12. WTO香港部长会议对于农产品自由贸易取得了一定的进展。根据现实情况和要素比例模型，你认为其主要受益者是（B）
A发达国家农业B发展中国家农业
C所有国家的农业D参加谈判国家（地区）的农业
13.研究表明发展中国家普遍存在贸易条件恶化的趋势；其最主要原因在于（C）
A发展中国家处于不公平的贸易秩序中B发达国家对发展中国家进行剥削
C全球人均收入增长引起的需求变化D发展中国家出口企业的恶性竞争
14．以下论断不正确的是（B）
5．根据S-S定理，当国际市场突然增加对X产品的需求时，该国出现(a)
A劳动要素相对受益B资本要素相对受益
C要素收益变化不能确定D以上都不正确
6．假定A国出现出口偏向性的技术进步。那么当技术进步发生后会出现(c)：
A X产量增加、Y产量不变B X产量增加、Y产量增加
C X产量增加、Y产量减少D以上都不正确
3．根据雷布钦斯基定理，在商品相对价格等其它条件不变时，该国劳动力数量增加会使得（c）
A X产量减少、Y产量增加B X、Y产量同时增加，相对增加比例不确定
C X产量增加、Y产量减少D X、Y产量同时增加，X相对产量增加
4．本问题紧接问题3。此时本国劳动力的相对报酬（c）
A减少B增加C保持不变D无法确定
A.外部规模经济和内部规模经济对市场结构有不同的影响
B.外部规模经济的存在不会导致完全竞争的市场结构
C.行业内贸易能让各国从更大的市场规模中获益
D.外部经济使历史和偶然因素在决定国际贸易分工模式方面起到了重要作用
15．产业内贸易更容易发生于（B）
A.富国和穷国之间B.类似的高收入国家之间
C发展中国家之间D.发达国家与发展中国家之间。
二、单项选择题（共16分）
1．李嘉图理论认为，国际贸易产生的根本动因是国际间的（a）
A劳动生产率不同B资源禀赋不同C绝对优势不同D资源使用效率不同
2．李嘉图模型没有涉及（B）
A贸易条件的确定B贸易模式的确定C贸易原因的确定D贸易是否得益
3－6题根据某假想的开放经济回答。设A国生产X（劳动密集型）、Y（资本密集型）两种产品。同时A国为劳动相对丰裕的小国。
9.某种资源的增加会引起本国生产可能性偏向该资源密集型的生产部门扩张，该效应被称为（C）
A要素价格均等化定理B H-O定理
CRybczynski效应DS-S定理
10.赫克歇尔—俄林理论成功地解释了：（D）
A.发生于美国之外的产品创新过程和产业的布局与发展。
B.出口和进口同类产品的国家变得更为重要。
C.由于在要素禀赋方面类似性，美国和加拿大之间的贸易在日益增加。
3．根据特定要素模型，如果每一种特定要素只能用于一个生产部门，那么：（ad）
A．那么出口部门特定要素的所有者从贸易中获利。
B．开放经济不会引起收入分配效应。
C．在这种情况下，国家通常不能从贸易中获利。
D．贸易也可以使流动要素的所有者（如劳动力）获利。
4．可以在一定程度上对里昂惕夫悖论进行解释的是（ABCD）
A运输成本的存在B非贸易品的存在C人力资本论D数据的可靠性
5.如果在经济中存在要素密集度逆转，则下列那些原理或定理不再成立BCD
A比较优势原理B要素价格均等化定理C SS定理D HO定理
6．本国出口X产品进口Y产品。假定本国对Y征收的进口关税产生Metzle悖论所预示的结果，那么我们可以观察到，AB
错误
有绝对优势不一定具有比较优势。
5．非贸易商品比例的上升会使得一国福利下降。
错误
非贸易品比例的增加相应减少了一国对开放经济的依赖，但不一定使福利下降。
6．假定A国是国际市场的价格接受者。那么它不会从开放经济中获益。
错误
只要国际市场价格不同于该国封闭经济下的相对价格，则该国就会受益。（接受价格的小国在李嘉图模型中获得全部贸易利益）。
7．各国实行贸易保护对国际分工的影响是（b）
A促进B阻碍C无关D不确定
8．新西兰的养牛业的土地－劳动比例高于其种植业相应比例。同时，新西兰种植业的土地－劳动比例也高于中国养牛业的土地－劳动比例。那么对于新西兰而言，种植业属于（B）
A土地密集型B劳动密集型C视各自进出口情况而定D视同贸易对手的比较而定
C消费者无差异曲线的斜率D过பைடு நூலகம்产可能性边界与无差异曲线切点的切线斜率
2．在李嘉图模型的开放经济当中，一国贸易条件由于外国需求增加而改善，那么它对该国实际工资的影响是(bc)
A用该国生产产品来衡量，实际工资上升
B用消费者的消费组合来衡量，实际工资上升
C用该国的进口产品来衡量，实际工资上升
D用任意一种产品或组合来衡量，该国实际工资上升
一、判断对错并说明理由（共18分）
1．比较优势原理说明，自由贸易会让任何人从贸易中获利。
错误
自由贸易长期和整体一定使一国受益。短期内，会有部分要素所有者和行业受损。
如果判断正确，并且解释从长远和整体来看正确，给2分。
2．开放条件下的经济增长一定会令一国福利改善；而封闭经济条件下，经济增长不一定会带来福利增加。