9月高级口译翻译真题及答案passage translation

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9月高口笔试真题及参考答案(2)

9月高口笔试真题及参考答案(2)SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TESTDirections: Translate of the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The task of writing a history of our nation from Rome’s earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings, and even were I confident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so. I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: every writer on history tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in point of style, or bring new facts to light. Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them; if so, I must comfort myself with the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition.My task, moreover, is an immensely laborious one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast that any adequate treatment is hardly possible. I shall find antiquity a rewarding study, if only because, while I am absorbed in it, 1 shall be able to turn my eyes from the troubles which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over-anxious consideration which may well plague a writer on contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.。

2009年9月高级口译真题完整版

2009年9月高级口译真题完整版（BryanTong整理）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Part A: Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, America‟s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated the technical, _______ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are apt to find many reasons for the _______ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First, _______ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _______ (4). Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _______ (5).Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _______ (6) of the America‟s colleges and universities have promoted _______ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _______ (8) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy's impact really grew after World WarⅡwhen a landmark report _______ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government‟s responsibility to _______ (10) for ba sic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_______ (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _______ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _______ (13), medicine and society as a whole.Thirdly, _______ (14): The end of World War Ⅱsaw the passage of the Servicemen‟s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education _______ (15), made thehigher-education system accessible in ways that _______ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _______ (17).Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal______(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to higher education and further_______ (19). Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth_______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) She‟s just a city girl and is used to the fast pace of the city.(B) She doesn‟t have to drive everywhere to buy things.(C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought.(D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people.2. (A) Going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all.(B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap.(C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country.(D) People can relax better in the country than in the city.3. (A) The convenient transportation.(B) The interactive social life.(C) The whole car culture.(D) The nice neighborhood.4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden.(B) You won‟t feel stuck and labeled as you do in the city.(C) It‟s more tolerable than living in the city.(D) It‟s more hateful than living in the country.5. (A) Quite lonely.(B) Very safe.(C) Not very convenient.(D) Not particularly dangerous.6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people.(B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits.(C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies.7. (A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently.(B) The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future.(C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year.(D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months.8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level.(B) This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run.(C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming.(D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming.9. (A) $ 60.5 a barrel.(B) $ 61 a barrel.(C) $ 61.32 a barrel.(D) $ 61.67 a barrel.10. (A) 92.(B) 250.(C) 1,500.(D) 2,500.11. (A) Microsoft.(B) Coca Cola.(C) IBM.(D) Nokia.12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands.(B) Strong franchise with consumers.(C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company.(D) The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition.13. (A) Because it is monopolistic.(B) Because it is competitive.(C) Because it takes its brand through generations.(D) Because its products fetch high prices.14. (A) The functionality of its product.(B) The emotional appeal of its product.(C) Its basic product being so different.(D) Its highly effective publicity.15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture.(B) A long company history.(C) An excellent product.(D) A sophisticated technology.16. (A) A power station.(B) An importer of bicycles.(C) An association of volunteers.(D) A charity organization.17. (A) To provide help to local villagers.(B) To export bicycles to developing countries.(C) To organize overseas trips.(D) To carry out land surveys.18. (A) They sell them at a very low price.(B) They charge half price.(C) They give them away for free.(D) They trade them for local products.19. (A) 14,000.(B) 46,000.(C) 50,000.(D) 56,000.20. (A) Donating bicycles.(B) Bringing in funds.(C) Taking part in bike rides.(D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme change.” He describe d his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right. “I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,” he wrote, “and since my relationship with her could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly, “put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall.”While we enjoy our friend‟s sense of humor, we‟d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs are your moment of truth,” it would say, “when your company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people.”Look, we‟ve written before about HR and the game-changing role we believe it can—and should—play as the engine of an organization‟s hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We‟ve asserted that too many companies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and we‟ve made the case that every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintance‟s experience shows.So, to your question: What is HR‟s correct role now—especially in terms of layoffs?First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun” only makes matters worse. That‟s why HR must ensurethat managers accept their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.Second, HR‟s role is to serve as the company‟s arbiter of equity. Nothing raises hackles more during a layoff than the sense that some people—namely the loudmouths and the litigious—are getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply don‟t want people to leave feeling as if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “At least I know i was treated fairly.”Finally, HR‟s role is to absorb pain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HR‟s job to be completely available to console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed” feel as if they‟ve been sent to a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employee—either a colleague or HR staffer—should check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O.K.?” but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers.Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “So Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work” of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those sameHR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis—or their own career—perhaps at last they‟ve seen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad.1. Why does the author say that his friend‟s note displayed a “sense of humor”(para. 3)?(A) Beca use his layoff experience showed vividly the process of”extreme change”.(B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps‟ work style.(C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired.(D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed.2. The expression “moment of truth” in the sentence “Layoffs are your moment of truth ...when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means ________.(A) critical moment of proving one‟s worth(B) time of dismissing the employees(C) important moment of telling the truth(D) time of losing one‟s dignity3. Which of the following does NOT support the author‟s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.”(para. 6)?(A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized.(B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect.(C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs.(D) In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun”.4. The expression “pink slips” in the sentence “Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.”(para. 6) can best be paraphrased as ________.(A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal(C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings5. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived.(B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HR‟s job.(C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired.(D) Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed.Questions 6—10Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach she‟s taking is flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocated by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But it‟s based on the trade of highly volatile financial instruments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers.At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundantexperience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it.Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the program‟s flexibility once under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. What‟s more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sudden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under a carbon-tax regime.”Recent experience bears this out. Europe has in place a cap-and-trade program that today looks a little like the American mortgage-backed securities market—it‟s a total mess. The price of car bon recently fell—plummeting from over $30 to around $12 per ton—as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch. It is this shaky experience with cap-and-trade that might explain an unlikely advocate of a carbon tax. Earlier this year, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson pointed in a speech to the problems with Europe‟s cap-and-trade program—such as the program‟s volatility and lack of transparency—as reasons he prefers a carbon tax. That said, new taxes are a tough sell in Washington, which helps explain the current preference for acap-and-trade scheme. Despite this, there are ways to make a carbon tax more politically appealing. The first is to insist that it be “revenue neutral.” This means that any revenues collected from the tax are used to reduce taxes elsewhere, such as payroll taxes.The advantage of this approach is that it places a burden on something that is believed by many to be undesirable (greenhouse-gas emissions) while relieving a burden on something that is desirable (work).Another selling point is that the tax can justify the removal of an assortment of burdensome and costly regulations such as CAFE standards for car. These regulations become largely redundant in an era of carbon taxes.But it may be that a carbon tax doesn‟t need an elaborate sales pitch today when the alternative is trading carbon permits. The nation‟s recent experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the mortgage-backed securities market should prompt Congress to think twice when a member proposes the creation of a highly politicized market for innovative financial instruments, no matter how well intentioned the program may be.6. The author introduces Senator Barbara Boxer in the passage because she ________.(A) has made suggestions to ease the current financial crisis(B) is a pioneer in the reduction of greenhouse gases emission(C) is well-known for her proposal on legislation reform(D) plans to propose the legislation of cap-and-trade program7. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the carbon emission credits system?(A) The use of carbon credits would show clearly emitters‟ efforts in carbon cutting.(B) The credits might be distributed free or auctioned to the emitters.(C) The price of carbon credits could fluctuate with changing economic conditions.(D) The credits can be bought and sold between emitters for profits.8. According to the passage, the cap-and-trade program ________.(A) will be much more useful in fighting global warming(B) will not be as effective as a tax on carbon emissions(C) is being examined by industry professionals and lawmakers(D) is supported by many policymakers, industry leaders and activists9. The expression “to shore up” in the sentence “as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch”(para. 6) can best paraphrased as ________.(A) to eliminate (B) to revise and regulate(C) to give support to (D) to correct and restructure10. In the last paragraph, the author mentions Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities to tell the Congress that ________.(A) the experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities will be useful for the creation of a highly politicized market(B) the lessons from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities should not be neglected(C) the argument over cap-and-trade program and direct tax on carbon emissions should be stopped(D) the legislation for a cap-and-trade scheme will prove to be the solution to greenhouse gases emissionQuestions 11--15The gap between what companies might be expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay amounts to billions of pounds—on that much, everyone can agree. The surprising truth is that no one can agree how many billions are missing, or even how to define “tax gap”. Estimates range from anything between £3bn to nearly £14bn, depending on who is doing the calculations. Even the people in charge of colleting the taxes—Her Majesty‟s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)—admit they have only the vaguest idea of how manyfurther billions of pounds they could be getting...and it took a freedom of information request before they would admit the extent of their lack of knowledge.Any media organization or MP attempting to pursue the subject will find themselves hampered by the same difficulties faced by the tax collectors—secrecy and complexity. The Guardian‟s investigation, which we publish over the coming two weeks, is no different.Th e difficulty starts with an inability of anyone to agree a definition of “tax avoidance”. It continues through the limited amount of information in the public domain. And it is further hampered by the extraordinary complexity of modern global corporations.International companies based in the UK may have hundreds of subsidiary companies, which many use to take advantage of differing tax regimes as they move goods, services and intellectual property around the world. It is estimated that more than half of world trade consists of such movements (known astransfer-pricing) within corporations.Companies are legally required publicly to declare these subsidiaries. But they generally tell shareholders of only the main subsidiaries. The Guardian‟s investigation fo und five major UK-based corporations which had ignored the requirements of the Companies Act by failing to identify offshore subsidiaries. This is just one example of the atmosphere of secrecy and non-disclosure in Britain which has allowed tax avoidance to flourish. The result is that few outside of the lucrative industries of banking, accountancy and tax law have understood the scale of the capital flight that is now taking place.British tax inspectors privately describe as formidable the mountain outsiders have to climb in order to comb through the accounts of international companies based in London. “The companies hold all the cards,” said one senior former tax inspector. “It‟s very difficult because you don‟t always know what you are looking for...You are confronted with delay, obstruction and a lot of whingeing from companies who complain about …unreasonable requests‟. Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw.”Another former senior tax inspector said: “One of the problems the Revenue has is that the company doesn‟t have to disclose the amount of tax actually paid in any year and the accounts won‟t reveal the liability. Each company has its own method of accounting for tax: there‟s no uniform way of declaring it all.” For journalists trying to probe these murky waters, the problems are so substantial that few media organizations attempt it.A trawl through the published accounts of even a single major group of companies can involve hunting around in the registers of several different countries. It takes a lot of time and a lot of money. Companies—with some far-sighted British exceptions—simply refuse to disclose any more than what appears in the published figures. The legal fiction that a public company is a “legal person”, entitled to total tax secrecy and even to “human rights”, makes it normally impossible for a journalist to penetrate the tax strategies of big business. HMRC refuse, far example, to identify the 12 major companies who used tax avoidance schemes to avoid paying any corporation tax whatever.It is difficult to access experts to guide the media or MPs through this semantic jungle. The “Big Four” accountants and tax QCs who make a living out of tax avoidance, have no interest in helping outsiders understand their world. Few others have the necessary knowledge, and those that do, do not come cheap or may be conflicted. “Secrecy is the offshore world‟s great protector,” writes William Brittan-Caitlin, London-based former Kroll investigator in his book, Offshore. “Government and states are generally at a loss to diagnose in detail what is really going on inside corporate internal markets. Corporations are extremely secretive about the special tax advantages these structures give them.”11. According to the passage, the “tax gap” is ________.(A) a well-defined term included in both British taxation system and the Companies Act(B) an accepted practice adopted by most international companies based in the UK(C) a practice difficult to define and discover but common with companies in Britain(D) the target which has been attacked by British tax inspectors over the past decades12. It can be concluded that many international companies “move goods, services and intellectual property around the world” (para.4) within corporations mainly in order ________.(A) to make use of different tax systems to avoid taxation(B) to give equal support to all the subsidiaries around the world(C) to expand the import and export trade with other countries(D) to raise their productivity and to maximize the profitability13. When one former senior tax inspector comments that “Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw “(para. 6), he most probably means that ________.(A) investig ating a company‟s accounts is the same as playing a children‟s game(B) the Revenue should reform its regulation to fight illegal “tax avoidance”(C) it‟s a complicated matter to investigate an international company‟s accounts(D) i t‟s a diffident task to overcome the obstruction from the company‟s side14. By using the expression “legal fiction”(para. 8) to describe today‟s status of a public company, the author is trying to imply that such a definition ________.(A) is a humanitarian and legitimate definition protecting the rights of companies(B) is ridiculous, absurd and hinders the investigation of tax strategies of big companies(C) is an incorrect and inexact concept to reveal the nature of modem businesses(D) is a reflection of the reality of companies and corporations and should not be altered15. In writing this article, the author is planning to tell all of the following to the readers EXCEPT that________.(A) the gap between what companies are expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay is too enormous to be neglected(B) secrecy and complexity are the two major protectors of international corporations in tax avoidance(C) there are loopholes in the legislation concerning companies which obstruct the practice of taxation(D) the government plans to investigate the “tax gap” and “tax avoidance” of international companies Questions 16--20One of the many upsetting aspects to being in your forties, is hearing people your own age grumbling about “young people” the way we were grumbled about ourselves. Old friends will complain, “Youngsters today have no respect like we did”, and I‟ll think: “Hang on. I remember the night you set a puma loose in the soft furni shings section of Pricerite‟s.”There‟s also a “radicals” version of this attitude, a strand within the middle-aged who lament how today‟s youngsters, “Don‟t demonstrate like we did”, because “we were always marching against apartheid or for the miners but students these days don‟t seem bothered”. It would seem natural if they went on: “The bloody youth of today; they‟ve no disrespect for authority. In my day you started chanting and if a copper gave you any lip you gave him a clip round the ear, and he did n‟t do it again. We‟ve lost those values somehow.”You feel that even if they did come across a mass student protest they‟d sneer. “That isn‟t a proper rebellion, they‟ve used the internet. “You wouldn‟t have caught Spartacus rounding up his forces by putt ing a message on Facebook saying …Hi Cum 2 Rome 4 gr8 fite 2 liber8 slaves lets kill emprer lol‟”.It doesn‟t help that many of the student leaders from the sixties and seventies ended up as ministers or journalists, who try to deny they‟ve reneged on their principles by making statements such as: “It‟s true Iused to run the Campaign to Abolish the British Army, but my recent speech in favour of invading every country in the world in alphabetical order merely places those ideals in a modern setting.”Also it‟s become a tougher prospect to rebel as a student, as tuition fees force them to work while they‟re studying. But over the last two weeks students have organized occupations in 29 universities, creating the biggest student revolt for 20 years. In Edinburgh, for example, the demands were that free scholarships should be provided for Palestinian students, and the university should immediately cancel its investments with arms companies.So the first question to arise from these demands must be: what are universities doing having links with arms companies in the first place? How does that help education? Do the lecturers make an announcement that, “This year, thanks to British Aerospace, the media studies course has possession of not only the latest digital r ecording equipment and editing facilities, but also three landmines and a Tornado bomber”?The occupations involve students selecting an area of the university, then staying there, day and night, and organising a series of events and worthwhile discussions while the authorities pay security guards to stand outside and scowl. Warwick University, for example, organised an “Alternative Careers Fair”, in which, presumably, if someone was brilliant at maths, the careers adviser would say to them, “I suggest you become an accountant for a Peruvian guerilla army. They‟re looking for people who can reliably file their tax returns before the deadline, as they‟re in enough trouble as it is.”But the extraordinary part about this wave of student protest is that in most universities the authorities, having spent the first week insisting the demands were impossible to meet, have now backed down. So dozens of Palestinians, who these days seem to be minus a university in Gaza for some reason, will have places here. And several are reviewing their connections to the arms trade. University College London, for example, could be severing its link to the arms company Cobham.。

2013年9月高级口译听力答案Passage Translation

2013年9月高级口译听力答案Passage Translation难度：容易作者：沪江英语来源：沪江英语评论：22013年秋季上海中高级口译考试于今日9月15日开考，沪江英语在考后第一时间提供真题、解析、答案信息，本文为2013年9月高级口译听力答案Passage Translation 部分，由沪江网校提供。

Passage Translation E-C 1A person's age no longer tells you anything about his or her social position, marriage or health. There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that keeps us on time and tells us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing. We start looking with surprised at old people who act in useful ways.【参考译文】一个人的年龄不再能够说明他或她的社会地位、婚姻以及健康状况。

2004年9月翻译资格英语高级口译笔试真题

2004年9月翻译资格英语高级口译笔试真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this pa rt of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage withblanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Writeyour answer in the correspo nding spa ce in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hearthe passage only once.Travelling by air is one of the maj or conveniences of modern times. So last summer whenwe planned a holiday abroad, we decided to take advantage of such a modern, convenient_______ (1).We began preparations for our trip early by calling the airline and _______ (2).A few dayslater we received our tickets telling us our flight number and the _______ (3) from our city andarrival at our destination. We were advised to arrive at the airline terminal an hour before takeoffin order to _______ (4) for our flight, receive our _______ (5), and check our baggage. It isimportant not to be late, or you might miss the flight. On the day of the flight, we went to the_______ (6) where we were directed to the _______ (7) of the gate from which the airplanewould depart. As we entered this area we were checked _______ (8). While we were waiting, Inoticed how busy everyone was. The _______ (9) were checkingthe plane for last minuterepairs, and a large truck was fueling the plane with gasoline to make it _______ (10). When our flight was called we _______ (11). We were pleasantly greeted by the flightattendants and offered _______ (12), drinks and food. The weather was good, and there was no_______ (13) to cause us worry or discomfort. Although our flight was _______ (14), during theholidays air travel becomes more hectic. Often airlines sell to many tickets for a flight and arethen _______ (15). Some unlucky passengers will e bumped and _______ (16) on a later flight.Bad weather might also cause a later takeoff, and this delay often _______ (17) at the next stop.One of the most annoying aspects of air travel at holiday season is the possibility of _______(18). I always try to carry with me _______ (19) for several days. On the whole, however,traveling by air is _______ (20). It is fast, safe, and usually reliable.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this pa rt of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements willbe sp oken ONLY ONCE, and you will not fi nd them written on the paper; so you must listencaref ully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closestin meaning to the statementyou have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosenin the correspond ing spa ce in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) We can meet the chairman later.(B) The chairman rang to say that he would be late.(C) We'd better telephone the chairman now.(D) The chairman turned up half an hour earlier for the board meeting.2. (A) I am considering Mr. Johnson for thejob of accounting manager.(B) I have decided that Mr. Johnson be the branch's accounting manager.(C) Mr. Johnson is interviewing short-listed candidates I have selected for him.(D) Mr. Johnson is eager to take to position although he is not qualified for it.3. (A) I do not weight very much.(B) It was not your fault.(C) This is no way explains the event.(D) The flame of that fire is too high.4. (A) I want Charlie to discontinue his research project.(B) Charlie should be encouraged to work on his research project.(C) It was an honor to be able to do the research project with Charlie.(D) Charlie has a lot of courage to take on such a large research project.5. (A) Health food experts and doctors have been testifying against the increased sales ofVitamin E.(B) Thanks to the lies of health food experts and some doctors, the sales of Vitamin E havedoubled over the past five months.(C) The claims of health food experts and some doctors will help increase the sales ofVitamin E in the next five years.(D) The increased sales of Vitamin E are due to the favorable statements from health foodexperts and doctors.6. (A) Our foreign experts will arrive in September to teach a three-monthextension course.(B) If you have a three-month extension education, you may apply for the position.(C) Your visa will expire three weeks later, so you are not eligible for an extension.(D) Your may get an extension of your visa if you apply in due time.7. (A) The speaker is surprised at the difficulty in developing a treatment for the common cold.(B) The speaker is watching a TV program about the development of science andtechnology in the last two centuries.(C) It took scientists two hundred years to develop an effective cure for the common flu.(D) Scientists gave up efforts in developing a drug to treat the common cold after twohundred years of experiment.8. (A) Graduate students may apply for working on campus, if they are married and unable topay for their school tuition.(B) The university offers on-campus housing to graduate students, if they can meet certainrequirements.(C) If both of you register for this graduate course, you may choose to live in anon-campusapartment for less than 1700 dollars a month.(D) We charge 1700 dollars a month for the MBA course, which includes the provisionof atwo-bedroom on-campus apartment.9. (A) Employees very much enjoy their trip to work.(B) Employees try to cry out to deal with their stress at work.(C) Employees have to commute a long way to work.(D) Employees prefer to live in the suburbs of most US cities.10. (A) The ovens should be dispatched in no longer than two weeks.(B) The ovens should have been returned two weeks ago.(C) The ovens will be brought back for maintenance in 14 days.(D) The ovens have not been assembled until after 14 days.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. Aft ereach of these, you will hear af ew questions. Listen caref ully because you will hear the talk orconversation and questions Only ONCE. When you hear a question, read the f our answerchoices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you havechosen in the correspond ing spa ce in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) Make some more coffee.(B) Leave for town.(C) Read a newspaper.(D) Offer chocolate biscuits.12. (A) A boy was given a good beating.(B) A man with a knife was killed.(C) Some boys set up their own business.(D) Someone was attacked with a knife.13. (A) It should be abolished.(B) It is no longer effective.(C) It is more time-consuming.(D) It should be reintroduced.14. (A) She needs to cancel an appointment.(B) She intends to dine with Mrs. Brown.(C) She plans to call a taxi.(D) She does not believe what the man has said.Questions 15-1815. (A) Secretary work.(B) Sales.(C) Domestic service.(D) Language teaching.16. (A) People who come in to collect bills every weekend.(B) People employed to do housework during the week.(C) People who give help to foreign students daily.(D) People attending language courses once a week.17. (A) She takes care of the children.(B) She helps clean the house.(C) She lives as one member of the family.(D) She pays for her meals and accommodation.18. (A) She wants to be in Britain to learn English.(B) She enjoys British foods and fruits very much.(C) She thinks that a British family is safer and more convenient.(D) She does not like to live on a British university campus.Questions 19-2219. (A) Because he was worried about the rattling noise from his car.(B) Because he was sure that he would not be overcharged for the repair.(C) Because he had found a loose wire and other things that needed replacing.(D) Because he had made a bargain with the proprietor of the garage.20. (A) In a rented car.(B) In his wife's car.(C) In his own car.(D) In Sampson's car.21. (A) They are all efficient.(B) They are all expensive.(C) They are deceptive and dishonest.(D) They are unfriendly toward car-owners.22. (A) They refuse to be members of the trade union.(B) They seldom offer emergency repairs to car-owners.(C) They would not allow car-owners to stand by and watch.(D) They cannot do a goodjob when the car-owner is in the shop.Questions 23-2623. (A) A wide road built by the Chinese government.(B) A British concession in Shanghai.(C) The original name for the Yangtze River.(D) A small river parallel to the city wall.24. (A) They set up concessions along some of the rivers.(B) They sold imported fruits to local people.(C) They built toll bridges across the rivers.(D) They ruled the area according to European traditions.25. (A) Because it was a river of strategic importance for military maneuvers.(B) Because it was located between concessions and Chinese-run areas.(C) Because there was many commercial buildings on either side of its banks.(D) Because it was so deep that the foreign cargo ships could go up to unload.26. (A) To purchase something from their fellow countrymen.(B) To bargain with native small-business people.(C) To draft contracts or documents for European merchants.(D) To communicate with people from European countries.Questions 27-3027. (A) Some thieves broke into her house.(B) She had an accident during her night shift.(C) Her car broke down and she had to walk home.(D) She had valuable things stolen while she was away on duty.28. (A) The two watches and a few earrings.(B) Her car in front of the window.(C) The Japanese-styled box on the dressing table.(D) The stereo system and the television set in the lounge.29. (A) In her purse.(B) In her car.(C) In her desk.(D) In her dressing table.30. (A) Because they couldn t find any cash.(B) Because they saw the woman drive back.(C) Because they planned to be in and out very quickly.(D) Because they noticed that the woman had only a black-and-white TV set.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this pa rt of the test, you will hear 5 sentences inEnglish. You will hear thesentences ONLY ONCE. Aft er you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and writeyour version in the correspond ing spa ce in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this pa rt of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear thepassages ONLY ONCE. Aft er you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and writeyour version in the correspond ing sp ace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes whileyou are listening.(1)(2)Directions: In this section, you will read severalpassages. Each passage is f ollowed by severalquestions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A) , (B), (C) or (D) , to eachquestion. Answer all the questions f ollowing each passage on the basis of what is stated orimp lied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspond ingspa ce in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Last year more than a million and a half foreign tourists visited the United States. In order to understand intercultural problems better, and perhaps to find ways to improve the American image abroad, a reporter recently interviewed someof these visitors as they were leaving to return home. He especially wanted to find out their first impressions of the United States, what places they most enjoyed visiting, and some of their likes and dislikes.As far as first impressions are concerned, almost all of the foreigners were impressed by the tremendous size of the country. The United States, of course, is a large country. The distance between San Francisco and New York is about the same as that between Gibraltar and Baghdad.Indeed, the entire Mediterranean Sea could easily fit within the country's borders. Even expecting this, foreigners who visit the United States for the first time are overwhelmed by the vast distances. Apparently to be believed, such distances have to be traveld. The foreign visitors were also impressed by the range of climate and the variety of scenery in the country. Many were amazed todiscover that, in the same day, they could travel from the snowy cold of New England winter to the sunny warmth of Florida sunshine. Even in the single state of California, they could find sandy beaches, rocky shores, tropical vegetation, hot dry deserts, redwood forests, and towering snow-capped mountains. They were also impressed by the informal friendliness of Americans. Whether on buses, trains, planes, or at vacation or scenic resorts, there visitors generally agreed that they had been greeted warmly. On the other hand, some reported that hotel clerks, waiters, and taxi drivers were often unsympathetic, impatient, and rude. The most common complaint of all was that so few Americans can speak any language but English, and some foreign visitors claimed that they had difficulty understanding the American accent.1. What does "this" in "Even expecting this…" (para.2, line 11) refer to?(A) The distance between San Francisco and New York.(B) The vastness of the country.(C) The size of the Mediterranean Sea.(D) The country's borders.2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?(A) New England winters are cold.(B) Some taxi drivers are impolite.(C) The U.S.A is a popular place for tourists.(D) Hotel staff are often sympathetic.3. New England is located _______.(A) in the south west of the US(B) to the south of California(C) in the northeast of the US(D) to the west of Florida4. What made the most negative impression on foreign visitors?(A) The country's vastness.(B) The informal friendliness of Americans.(C) The fact that the American accent is hard to understand.(D) The fact that not many Americans can speak a foreign language.5. The overall purpose of this passage is to _______.(A) demonstrate the cultural differences between America and Europe(B) indicate ways to improve the American image abroad(C) describe the general impression of foreign visitors on America(D) criticize some behaviors of American taxi driversQuestions 6-10A million motorists leave their cars full up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day. The vehicles are sitting in petrolstations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association (AA) has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes — and sometimes considerably longer —as drivers buy drinks, sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items — and then pay at the cash till. With payment by the credit card more and more common, it is not unusually for a driver to be out of his car foras long as six minutes, providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. Twenty four percent admitted that they 'always' or 'sometimes' leave the keys in their car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.For more than ten years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.When AA engineers surveyed on town center car park last year, ten percent of the cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked. The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car —and for however short a period. A partially open sun-roof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drives about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid among drives about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights —just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around —thieves don't like audiences. Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminals.A Manchester Probationary Service research project, which interviewed almost100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave anydocuments showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it — agarage car is at substantially less risk.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true?(A) The use of credit cards may increase the risk of car theft.(B) It is advised that the drivers take car keys with them.(C) Most cars are stolen by professional thieves.(D) The AA advises that motorists leave their cars locked.7. Where in the passage does the author mention leaving valuables in view is an invitation tothe criminals?(A) The first paragraph.(B) The second paragraph.(C) The third paragraph.(D) The last paragraph.8. The car theft is due to all of the following EXCEPT _______.(A) people's carelessness(B) unawareness of safe parking(C) coat left on the car seat(D) poor quality of a car lock9. In order to prevent car theft, people are recommended to _______.(A) park cars in quiet places(B) use a garage and lock it(C) leave a spare car key at home(D) become a member of AA10. The main purpose of this passage is to _______.(A) analyse the car theft rise in Britain(B) report the survey results by AA(C) suggest the ways to investigate car theft(D) compare car crime with other types of crimeQuestions 11-15Travellers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a discreet corner via an 'aroma box', a machine which blows warm, scented air into the environment. It can scent the area of an average high street shop with the smell of the chocolate, freshly-cut grass, or sea breezes, in fact any synthetic odours that can be made tosmell like the real thing.Heathrow's move into 'sensory' marketing is the latest in a longline of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology —the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behaviour to help sell products. Marketing people call this 'atmospherics' —using sounds orsmells to manipulate consumer behaviour. On Valentine's Day two years ago the chain of chemist's Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. 'Chocolate is associated with love', said a marketing spokeswoman, 'we thought it would get people in the mood for romance.' She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money. However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that small does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective that a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shoppingthan other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in thefuture.Music too has long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for example, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop(and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can influence consumer behaviour. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76%compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German Bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical music was played instead of country music.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotions, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Researchsuggests however that this is a myth and that a photography or a voice is just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.11. What is the use of "aroma box" at Heathrow airport?(A) It can scent a lot of synthetic fragrance into the environment.(B) It is a machine which blows warm and fresh air into the environment.(C) It often pumps the smell of freshly-cut grass from a high-street shop.(D) It is a box which sends out not only aroma but also music.12. Who might benefits most from "atmospherics" in the "sensory" marketing?(A) Psychologists.(B) Customers.(C) Shop owners.(D) The research groups.13. Research into customer satisfaction showed that _______.(A) the right smell made people think a product was better(B) people preferred the smell of lemon to coconut(C) certain smells could make people dislike a shop(D) customers rated the goods on sale as more inviting14. The use of music in supermarkets _______.(A) may lead customers to pay more of a product(B) can increase sales of a specific product(C) makes people buy more foreign wine(D) causes customers to buy more from in the shop15. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?(A) Smell is the most emotional of the senses.(B) Smell stimulates our memory more than the other senses.(C) Smell is considered to be mysterious, as it is untouchable.(D) Smell is the most difficult sense to identify.Questions 16-20 papers.htmThe danger of misinterpretation is greatest, of course, among speakers who actually speak different native tongues, or come from different cultural backgrounds, because cultural difference necessarily implies differentassumptions about natural and obvious ways to be polite.Anthropologist Thomas Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow worker didn't mention it. The doubly wounded worker assumed that her silent colleague didn't notice or didn't care. But the co-worker was purposely not calling attention to something her colleague might not want to talk about. She let her decide whether or not to mention it, being considerate by not imposing. Kochman says, based on his research, that these differences reflect recognizable black and white styles.An American woman visiting England was repeatedly offended — even,on bad days, enraged — when the British ignored her in settingin which she thought they should pay attention. For example, she was sitting at a booth in a railway-station cafeteria. A couple began to settle into the opposite seat in the same booth. They unloaded their luggage; they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went off to get it; she slid into the booth facing the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth.When the British woman lit up a cigarette, the American had a concrete obj ect for her anger. She began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of course there was none; that's why the British couple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smoker immediatelycrushed out her cigarette and apologized. This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. But then she went back tobpretending the American wasn't there, a ruse in which her husband collaborated when he returned with their food and they ate it.To the American, politeness requires talk between strangers forced to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting "Do you mind if I sit down?" or a conventional, "Is anyone sitting here?" even if it's obvious no one is.The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldn't see that another system of politeness was at work. By not acknowledging here presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing.An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a similar politeness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese do, in extremely close quarters — a tiny room separated from neighbouring rooms by paper-thin walls. In this case the walls were literally made of paper. In order to preserve privacy in this most unprivate situation, his Japanese neighbour with the door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert. The American confessed to feeling what I believe most American would feel if a next-door neighbour passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presence — snubbed. But he realized that the intention was not rudeness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imposing.The fateof the earth depends on cross-cultural communication. Nations must reach agreements, and agreements are made by individual representatives of nations sitting down and talking to each other —public analogues of private conversation. The processes are the same, and so are the pitfalls. Only the possible consequences are more extreme.16. In Thomas Kochman's example, when the white office worker appeared with a bandagedarm, why did her colleague keep silent?(A) Because she didn't care about her white colleague at all.(B) Because she was considerate by imposing on her.(C) Because she didn't want to embarrass her white colleague.(D) Because she was aware of their different cultural backgrounds.17. What is the best definition for the word "imposing" in paragraph 2?(A) Unreasonably expecting someone to do something.(B) Using your authority to make sure a rule is kept.(C) Acting in a grand, impressive way.(D) Causing troubles to oneself.18. Which of the following can he concluded from the passage?(A) The British would like to avoid talking to strangers in public.(B) The American would like to be imposed in different settings.(C) The British expect a small talk between strangers who are forced to share a booth in acafeteria.(D) The American enjoy being ignored in unfamiliar settings.19. What seems to be 'Japanese' behaviour in order to preserve privacy in close quarters?(A) They would separate their rooms by paper-thin walls.(B) They act as if they have never known someone living next to them.(C) They are very friendly and considerate to their neighbours.(D) They pull their face long and glue steadfastly their gaze ahead.20. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?(A) An American Woman's Overseas Experience(B) The Cultural Wave(C) Mixed Metamesssage across Cultures(D) Pitfalls and Possible ConsequencesQuestions 21-25Local government in Britain is the responsibility of elected local authorities, which provide local services under specific powers conferred by Parliament. Government on a local basis can be traced back at least 1,000 years, but this concept of a comprehensive system of councilslocally elected to manage various services provided for the benefit of the community was first cooperated into law in the late nineteenth century. The local authorities' maj or responsibilities nowadays include education, housing, the police, environmental health, personal social services, trafficadministration, town。

9月高级口译翻译答案(下半场汉译英)

9月高级口译翻译答案(下半场汉译英)2011年秋季上海中高级口译考试将于9月18日开考，为了帮助考生朋友第一时间得知自己的考试情况，考试大口译笔译站点将会在考后第一时间为您发布9月18日上海中高级口译考试真题及答案，敬请关注！本文为考试大高级口译翻译答案（下半场汉译英）。

西塘是一个具有一千多年历史的水乡古镇，保存完好的明清时期建筑群是其他旅游景点所无法相比的。

徜徉古镇街头，使人们仿佛置身于一副美丽的水墨画之中。

河两岸高耸的粉墙和水中清晰的瓦房倒影，还有那在微风里婆娑摇曳的杨柳，似乎都在为这个古镇增添着异彩和生机。

在这个宁静的水镇里，生活的脚步似乎完全听命于那淌着潺潺流水的河流。

西塘可以说是水的同义词。

这里的河流是那样的蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼，映射出一派宁静祥和的街景。

夜幕降临，河岸边数千盏灯笼与晚霞一并点燃，把整个小镇映衬得灯火通明，为镇民们照亮了回家的路。

Xitang, a river-side town with a history of more than 1,000 years, boasts a group of well-preserved buildings from Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty that are unmatched by any other resorts. Take a free walk in its streets, and you will feel as if you were in a picturesque Chinese ink painting. The high-standing white wall on both sides of the river and the clear reflection of tile-roofed houses in the water as well as the willows waving and dancing in the breeze all vividly bring life and vigor to the town.In this tranquility, the pace of life seems to be harmoniously subject to the gurgling streams. The name of the town, Xitang, is a synonym of water. The winding rivers with sparkling ripples give away the tranquility it has acquired. As the fall of night ignites thousands of lanterns along the riverbanks and set off the sunset glow, the whole town become ablaze with light and illuminates the way home for its residents.。

9月英语高级口译真题+答案

9 月英语高级口译真题+ 答案(4)SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface-kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.At issue is “ birthright citizenship -pr〞ovided for since the Constitutio n' s14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “ All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subj to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States. 〞Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.“ MostAmericans feel it doesn 'mt ake any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth an d have a new U.S. citizen, 〞said the spokesman of th federation of American immigration reform. “ But the advocates for illegal immi will make a fuss; they ' lcllaim you ' repunishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn ' t want to deatlhwaitt.h 〞SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the importa nt points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.The doctor-patient relationship is one of the __________ 〔1〕relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond _____________ 〔2〕. Can this relationship be saved? The answer is __________ 〔3〕yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is _________ 〔4〕. In part the crisisin medicine began with doctors __________ 〔5〕themselves from patients.The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human 〔6〕. 〔7〕is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that 〔8〕of all the valuable informationthat leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another __________ 〔9〕comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple __________ 〔10〕tests, and 5% comes from all the complex __________ 〔11〕. So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a _________ 〔12〕.But some doctors think listening is _________ 〔13〕. They like to use complex and costly __________ 〔14〕, and use ___________ 〔15〕that create adversereactions and require _________ 〔16〕. They don 't like to listen. Because there premium on listening and that there 's no __〔__1_7_〕___fo_r_listening.Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not _________ 〔18〕saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with 〔19〕. If you don 't care for a _______ 〔__2_0_〕, be somebody else,but don ' t be a doctor!Part B: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕〔5〕2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.〔1〕。

0609高口笔试答案.doc

0609高口笔试答案2006年9月高级口译答案SECTION ONE： LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation1.freedom and connection2.top five benefits3.to think differently4.old boring way of doing things5.oppose the common wisdom6.fixed and boring7.invite your inner child out8.shifts the new world of discovery9.every human spent time10.brought a smile to your face11.and a feeling of inner peace12.watch your joy factor13.to reduce stress14.basic to human existence15.adaptive abilities16.healthy answers to challenging situations17.add a feeling of relaxation18.stimulate the imagination19.more meaningful understanding20.various possible situationsPart B Listening Comprehension 答案：I- 5 BDBBC 6-10 BDACBII-15 BCDAC 16-20 ABCBCSECTION TWO： READING TESTI-5CDD AA 6-10 CDBCCII-15 ADB DB 16-20BDBB C SECTION THREE TRANSLATION (E-C)本月，一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅，但是这个提案肯定会重新出台一一即使不能成为法律，也会引起激烈的争论。

2012年9月高级口译听力PassageTranslationE-C答案+评析

2012年9月高级口译听力PassageTranslationE-C答案+评析Passage Translation 2【原文】Recently many people are complaining why so many teenagers do nasty things and the question is constantly crossing my mind, “How could we prevent juvenile crime?” Well, first, I think the media exacerbate the problem and so does the school system. Where I live, we have thousands of security guards in the schools and metal detectors too and the kids get searched as they go into the school. Now all of that presents the wrong message: the kids don’t feel like they’re going school. They feel like they’re going to jail. And so they’re more likely to lash out and become violent. I think it’s a cause-and-effect relationship. The students get violent become the system makes them like that.【参考译文】最近很多人都在抱怨，为什么会有这么多年轻人去做些不光彩的事情？我也一直在思考这个问题：“我们该怎样预防青少年犯罪？”首先呢，我认为媒体和学校的制度都加重了这个问题。

2011年9月高级口译考试真题及答案汇总

以下是考试⼤⼝译笔译站点考后第⼀时间为您整理的2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译真题、答案、解析，供参考。

2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试真题、答案、点评汇总听⼒2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分真题下半场(沪江版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题Listening Comprehension2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题spot dictation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试上半场听⼒下载(mp3)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试下半场听⼒下载(mp3)翻译2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题及答案passage translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试翻译真题(英译汉)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题、答案sentence translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译答案(下半场汉译英)阅读2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼀篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼆篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第三篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第四篇原⽂(昂⽴)题⽬出处2011年⾼级⼝译笔试听⼒原⽂出处：传统医学2011.9⾼级⼝译笔试阅读原题出处: 欧洲为何不再举⾜轻重点评2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译上半场总评(昂⽴版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒新闻题权威讲评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒NTGF点评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分Spot Dictation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒Listening Comprehension 4评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译passage translation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译下半场汉译英评析　答案2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试答案解析(完整版)。

高级口译阅读真题及答案九月

Questions 1~5British Aerospace is planning to set up its own university becauseit cannot recruit the skilled graduates it needs from existinginstitutions.BAe has a team drafting a range of options for the university, whichwould award its own degrees. Work on the scheme is expected to start in the next few months.Sir Richard Evans, chief executive of British Aerospace, hasalready launched a recruiting drive for engineers on the Continent because of a shortage of high-calibre domestic candidates. Advertising campaignsin France, Germany and other European countries will seek to attract students expecting to graduate in the summer. Other engineering employers are expe3cted to follow suit. The move to take on overseas graduates comes after BAe left one in five of its graduate places unfilled last year, blaming shortcomings in the education system. If the scheme is approved, BAe will either build a full university or incorporate sites at its main research and manufacturing centres at Farnborough, Surrey, and Warton, Lancashire. The company would have to convince the education authorities that the university had sufficient teaching capacity and autonomy for it to be allowed to award degrees. Bae said it was setting up its own education system and recruiting staff abroad because "there is a shortage of engineering graduates, both in terms of quantity and quality".The Engineering Employers' Federation said that skill shortageswere an urgent problem. Rolls-Royce, another large engineering employer, said there was a general skill shortage, although it had filled itsgraduate quota. Rolls will soon recruit internationally to reflect itsexpanding international operations.Engineering's failure to attract students has been attributed topoor pay and long-term prospects, given the decline in British manufacturing. BAe would not reveal how much it pays graduates, but Lucas Variety, a large engineering employer, paid a starting salary of ￡14,200last year. That compares with an average graduate starting salary of￡15,300, according to Income Data Services.British universities have found it increasingly difficult torecruit well-qualified undergraduates. Even Oxford and Cambridge fail to meet their quotas in many engineering subjects.Alan Smithers, whose Centre for Education and Employment Research,at Brunel University, produced a report on the supply of science and engineering graduates early this year, said that the discipline had beenover expanded. "There is now a lack of quality to withstand competitionin an increasingly international sphere. Companies go where they can find the best candidates."Engineering does not enjoy the high status in Britain that itoccupies in other parts of the world. Courses in other parts of Europeand the Far East command among the highest entry requirements of all degree subjects and take five years, rather than the norm of three in Britain.1. British Aerospace is recruiting engineers on the Continent ______.(A) as the pay for them can be much lower(B) as there are not enough well-qualified candidates at home(C) to compete with France, Germany and other European countries(D) to set up a university of its own.2. In the passage, the expression "to follow suit" in the sentence "Other engineering employers are expected to follow suit" (para. 4) can best be paraphrased as _______.(A) tojoin BAe in its recruiting scheme (B) to take theunanimous action(C) to recruit graduates overseas (D) to establishuniversities3. Which of the following is NOT the reason that engineering courses failto attract British students?(A) The decline of British manufacturing industry.(B) The recruitment of engineers abroad.(C) The lower pay for engineering graduates.(D) The long and slow process of success and promotion after graduation.4. "Oxford" and "Cambridge" are mentioned in the passage to show that_______.(A) they are the world famous universities.they are not cooperating with British Aerospace(C) they are reforming the engineering education(D) they can not fulfil their recruitment quotas in engineering5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) There should be further cooperation between British Aerospace and Higher Institutions(B) Shortage of engineers leads BAe to plan its own university(C) British Higher Education has recently been reevaluated(D) British Engineering education is severely criticized for its lackof qualityQuestion 6~10 In an unprecedented trans-European strike, Renault workers yesterday staged simultaneous stoppages in France, Belgium and Spain to protest against the car maker's decision to close its factory at Vilvoordein Belgium and cut 6,000 jobs.Despite union fury and a storm of criticism from French politiciansand the European Commission, Louis Schweitzer, the Renault chairman, insisted that the closure of the Belgian factory in July with the lossof 3,100 jobs was traumatic but necessary. "It's a brutal, hard and painful decision," Mr.Schweitzer said. "If we do nothing, the company will be." Up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shiftin Paris and other parts of France, while Belgian demonstrators from the threatened Vilvoorde plant massed outside the French Embassy in Brussels and threw a car chassis across police barricades. Belgian Renault dealers across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.The Renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764jobs in France, where stoppages began overnight at the Renault factoryin Le Mans, and continued yesterday at plants in Cleon, Sandouville and Douai.About 90 per cent of workers at four Renault plants in Spain downedtools for one hour and employees at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity with their Renault counterparts./Workers at Renault plants in Portugal, however, did not respond tothe strike call.Up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shiftin Paris and other parts of France, while Belgian demonstrators from the threatened Vilvoorde plant massed outside the French Embassy in Brussels and threw a car chassis across police barricades. Belgian Renault dealers across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.The Renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764jobs in France, where stoppages began overnight at the Renault factoryin Le Mans, and continued yesterday at plants in Cleon, Sandouville and Douai. /About 90 per cent of workers at four Renault plants in Spain downedtools for one hour and employees at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity with their Renault counterparts./Workers at Renault plants in Portugal, however, did not respond tothe strike call.Union leaders last night hailed the so-called "Eurostrike" as proofof cross-border workers' unity in the face of glaring gaps in Europeansocial legislation. /Mr. Schweitzer suggested that a new use might be found for theVilvoorde factory and that some workers may be transferred to other plants, but he showed no sign of backing off from the radical restructuring plan. Critics claim that he is callously taking advantage of differentlabour costs across Europe, and on Thursday Karl Van Miert, the European Commissioner, announced he was blocking Spanish investment subsides for Renault on the grounds that it was "absurd" to close the profitable Belgian plant.The Spanish Government yesterday decided to suspend its request for approval of an 8 million subsidy it had planned to provide for a Renaultinvestment in Valladolid.The management of the newly-privatised French automaker claims thatthe Vilvoorde plant was singled out because it has the highest production costs.While President Chirac of France has expressed "shock" at the abruptway the closure was announced, as Mr. Schweitzer pointed out "the French Government has not said that the decision should be altered, correctedor that it was not good for the company".6. The Belgians demonstrated outside the French Embassy in Brussels______.(A) to protest against French President Chirac's speech(B) to support French workers' strike at Renault plants(C) to protest against the closure of the Vilvoorde factory by theFrench car maker(D) to voice their solidarity with all Renault workers7. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(A) about 6,000 jobs will be cut from the Renault factory at Vilvoordein Belgium(B) one third of workersin the Vilvoorde factory will lose their jobs(C) about 6,000 workers will be laid off from Renault factories inBelgium and France(D) the strikes at Renault plants in Belgium and France will lead toa dismissal of about 6,000 workers8. According to the passage, the workers at factories operated in Belgiumby General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo staged strikes _____.(A) to protest against the closure of their plants(B) to demand higher wages(C) to demand more subsidies from their governments(D) to support workers in Renault plants9. The expression "was singled out" (para. 11) can be replaced by whichof the following?(A) was closed down (B) waschosen(C) was reconstructed (D) wasseparated10.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A) Renault workers in several European countries staged strikeagainst the closure of the Vilvoorde factory.(B) The French Government planned to take action to change the decisionof the Renault board.(C) The decision to close the Renault factory in Vilvoorde met strongcriticism from different circles.(D) The labour costs of automobile industry vary greatly from countryto country, even in Europe.Question 11~15The Australian art world swooned when they saw the work of "Aboriginal" painter Eddie Burrup, whose haunting canvases depicted Aboriginal "Dreamtime" legends.The only trouble is, Eddie Burrup does not exist. He is a figmentof the imagination of an 82-year-old white woman whose hoax has embarrassed the cognoscenti and infuriated the nation's indigenous artists. Not since Brisbane literary award winner, Helen Demidenko, admitted she fooled the publishing world in 1995 by assuming a false identity, have Australia's artistic elite been so humbled.The elderly painter who so successfully pulled the wool overeveryone's eyes, is in fact Elizabeth Durack, a pastoralist, author and amateur anthropologist who lives in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia. Under Burrup's fictitious name, she produced a range of critically acclaimed work, including paintings, photographs andeven an autobiography. Everyone assumed Burrup was recluse living a hermit's existence in the Outback."His" creations were so impressive that they even featured in atouring Aboriginal art show. This month some of the works were due to be entered for the highly respected Sulman Prize, to be announced on March 21. But after yesterday's revelation "Burrup's" work will almostcertainly be withdrawn.Durack, of Irish descent, is a member of one of the country's mostfamous pioneering families. She is a well-know painter in her own right and confessed to her deception in an arts magazine, but refused to explain her motivation. "It's my last creative phase," was all she would say. However, art historian Robert Smith, a close family friend, defendedher actions. "she has created a character,just a playwright or a poet ora novelist will create a character," he said. "She hasn't appropriatedany motifs or themes, or forms of Aboriginal art at all," he insisted. Members of the Aboriginal art community were less forgiving,claiming she had stolen indigenous culture. "It's the last thing left thatyou could possibly take away other than our lives or shoot us all." John Mundine, an Aboriginal art curator, said. Doreen Mellor, senior curatorat Flinders Art Museum in Adelaide, said: "As an Aboriginal person I feel really offended."Ironically, the Durack family probably has a deeper knowledge of Aboriginal affairs than many other white settlers, having lived among Australia's indigenous people in Kimberley for nearly 180 years. In thelast century the Duracks had a reputation as the only family of pastoralists who did not shoot Aborigines.11.According to the passage. Eddie Burrup _______.(A) is an 82-year-old female painter(B) has long fascinated the Australian art world(C) has lived in Western Australia for many years(D) is an imaginary male Aboriginal painter12.According to the passage, the Australian artistic circles ______.(A) highly appreciate the work of Eddie Burrup(B) do not cosider Durack to be an artist(C) felt cheated by the trick of Elizabeth Durack(D) acknowledged Durack's contribution to the Aboriginal art13. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(A) Durack imitated paintings from other Aboriginal artists(B) Durack lacked confidence in her own painting skills(C) Durack knew much about Aboriginal culture(D) Durack devoted all her life to the creation of Eddie Burrup14. The word "appropriated" in the sentence "She hasn't appropriated any motifs or themes, or forms of Aboriginal art at all," (para. 6) can bereplaced by which of the following?(A) made proper useof (B) used asher own invention(C) imitated and copied (D) studiedand designed15.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?(A) Many white men killed or injured the native people in Australiain the last century.(B) The Durack family have been hostile to Australia's natives.(C) The Aboriginal artists criticised Durack's deceptive behaviour.(D) Some people felt sympathetic with Durack after the revelation ofher deception.Question 16~20The medical world was thrown into confusion yesterday when a judgeruled that food and hydration could be withdrawn from a 29-year-old woman,even though doing so would not strictly follow rules laid down by the Royal College of Physicians.The woman, known as Miss D, was suffering a "living death" and the timehad come for "merciful relief," said Sir Stephen Brown, President of theHigh Court Family Division.The case breaks new ground because in previous cases where doctorshave applied to turn off life-support machines of seriously brain-damaged patients, the victims have been in a "persistent vegetative state"(PVS).Miss D was not considered by experts to be in a PVS because she could track movement with her eyes and responded to cold water being poured into her ears.James Munby QC, who was appointed to represent the woman's interests, told Sir Stephen that the reason the Royal College had been anxious to identify what he had called a "bright line" over which the boundariesshould not be pushed was because there was always a danger of going downa "slippery slope". But the judge, in his ruling said that all theconsultants, doctors, medical team and family were agreed that Miss D had no awareness of her surroundings or herself, and all the evidence was that there was "no possibility of any meaningful life whatsoever". SirStephen said that he did not feel he was altering the boundaries of whocould be allowed to die. "I am driven to the conclusion... that it is inthis patient's best interest to withdraw the artificial feeding andhydration which is keeping her body alive."But the judgement was condemned by the anti-euthanasia group. Alert, which said the "barbaric practice" of cutting off life support systemsbto braindamaged patients should be banned. Dr.Peggy Norris, chairwomanof Alert, said: "Withholding food and fluids from a person capable of experiencing thirst had been used as a form of torture."The British Medical Association took the vies, however, that thejudgement did not extend the categories of patients from whom nutritionand hydration can be withdrawn. "It is an acknowledgment that it wouldbe ethically acceptable to consider withdrawal of nutrition and hydrationfrom and individual who has permanently lost his or her sentience and awareness," a spokesman said.Miss D was at university when she was seriously injured in a roadaccident in 1989. She recovered enough to walk round in familiar surroundings, but in 1995 was found unconscious in her bed, probably having had an epileptic fit. She has never subsequently recovered consciousness.This week her feeding tube had become dislodged, and a smalloperation would have been needed to replace it. Consequently the hospital trust caring for her had applied to the court for a declaration that itwas lawful to "discontinue all life sustaining treatment." Its requestwas upheld.A spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians said the decisionhad caused confusion. "We set up a working group to produce guidelines,in order to help doctors in a difficult situation. But they are onlyguidelines and thejudge is not obliged to follow them. Thejudgement doesnot change them, but it seems to be leading to some uncertainty among doctors."16. The case which concerns Miss D is mainly about ______.(A) whether she was in a "persistent vegetative state"(B) if she should be given further medical treatment(C) which method to be used to recover her consciousness(D) whether the withdrawal of food and fluids from her isjustifiable17. In the passage, the expression "breaks new ground" (para. 3) can be paraphrased as which of the following?(A) makes new discoveries (B) providesfurther opportunities(C) brings new problems (D) makesbreakthroughs18.What is the major issue of the argument according to the passage?(A) The redefinition of "persistent vegetative state."(B) The stoppage of life sustaining treatment to non PVS patients.(C) The ethical issues in treating PVS patients.(D) The distinctions between PVS and non PVS patients.19. It can be concluded that the author of the passage ______.(A) gives his personal opinion about the issue in question(B) reaches a comprehensive conclusion in the end(C) provides a detailed introduction on the issue of euthanasia(D) offers an objective report on different views towards the issue20. According to the spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians, thejudgement has ______.(A) set a precedent for future cases(B) strictly followed the guidelines set up by the Royal College of Physicians(C) brought about certain confusion in the medical profession(D) led to strong opposition in the medical world翻译：A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar." We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses." The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed,in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.Questions 1~4 /A judge condemned European Union laws against corporal punishmentand the rise in single-parent families as he sent two young arsonists toa secure unit yesterday.Sentencing the boys, aged ten and 13, to two and a half years, Judge Rodwell QC said in Luton Crown Court that the abolition of corporal punishment in schools had left teachers unable to discipline unruly youngsters, leading to an increase in delinquency.The boys, who cannot be named for legal reasons, set fire to aneighbour's house as they roamed the streets of a council estate afterbeing expelled from school.Judge Rodwell said: "With the best intention in the world corporal punishment has been abolished and indeed that is a requirement of the EU"."But this has resulted in an extremely unsatisfactory situation.Nobody wants children to be flogged but it is no longer possible for a teacher to deal with even a minor incident by a cuff round the ear or a smack on the hand, which is swift and something the child entirely understands and stops minor incidents escalating."If the child does not respond to being told not to bring gin intoschool or beat his mates up the teacher has to go through discipline procedures. If the correct procedures are followed a great deal of verbiage comes out which may satisfy the intelligent niceties of educationists but has no impact on a great number of children. Suspension is hardly a sanction."The judge expressed concern over single-parent families, and saidthat children needed two parents. The boys had both come from broken homes.He said:"Both children come from homes where a father for a lot of the time was not present. It is often said that in single-parent homes children can be given as much love as they need but that is not the entire answer." During their trial last month the court was told that the two boyswere among a gang of children who harassed the Smith family on the Downsideestate, Dunstable, Bedfordshire.One day, the boys put paper through the letter box and tried to setlight to it, but failed. Then a woman neighbour, described by the judgeas "the neighbour from hell". lent them a lighter so they kicked the doorin and started a fire a on a hall table.The blaze left the house uninhabitable, causing ￡4,000 damage tothe building and destroying virtually everything the family owned. The boys denied arson.1. Why were the two boys sent to a secure unit?2. What is corporal punishment referred to in this passage? Cite examples of corporal punishment from the passage.3. What are the advantages of corporal punishment, according to Judge Rodwell?4. Explain in your own words the statement "suspension is hardly asanction" (para. 6)?Question 5~7Five train companies will have to ask for more cash from the next government to run services, according to a report out yesterday.The study, conducted by a former transport analyst with Cityaccountants Coopers and Lybrand for Save Our Railways, the pressure group, claimed that many private operators bid so aggressively for train services they will be unable to meet the ambitious targets they have set themselves. Another four franchises are likely to run into financialdifficulties, making losses even if they manage to increase revenues by16 per cent over seven years.The loss-making franchises--Cardiff Railways, West Anglia and Great Northern and South Wales and West, Thameslink and Thames Trains--are likely to require more than ￡500m in extra subsidy in order to keep trains running. /"There has been concern in the rail industry for some time aboutthe way that some of the later franchises were let to bidders who weretaking a gamble," said Keith Bill, national secretary of Save OurRailways.The City's initial concerns about rail privatisation have meant that many early bids were "given away". South West Trains, which introducedan emergency timetable after cutting driver numbers, is predicted to make nearly ￡480m if it grows at 3 per cent a year.Also likely to make bumper profits are Great Western, which runsexpress InterCity services from London to the west country and could make ￡462m, and French-based company CGEA, in line for more than ￡600m fromits two commuter services. Campaigners point out that Opraf, the government body which let out franchises, realised that some would make money and others would run into difficulties.Train companies said that the growth forecasts were too low. "In twoyears we have increased our takings by 50 per cent," said a spokesman for Thames Trains. "So we expect to grow for faster than this report estimates."The analysis should jolt Labour's rail policy into life. The speedsell-off of British Rail has caught the party off-guard and forced itstransport team into a series of embarrassing U-turns--which hasculminated in a decision not to take any bankrupt train service intopublic hands. /"We will consider all the options and as a last resort we will offera bankrupt train srvice to private bidders in order to secure the bestdeal for the taxpayer," said a sopkeswoman for Andrew Smith, the shadow Secretary of State of Transport.Senior railway managers point out that this would mean that theLabour party would be forced into paying moresubsidy.5. Why are some train companies likely to make losses even if they manage to increase revenue?6. What does the sentence "many early bids were `given away'" (para. 6) mean?7. According to the passage, what are the impacts of the speed privatisation of British Rail on the Labour Party?Question 8~10The message in London's singles flat market is clear if you can findanything you like then buy now, Dixie Nichols writes.London is seeing "a vibrant and wealthy singles flat market"according to David Salvi of the Clerkenwell agents Hurford, Salvi and Carr. The middle market flat agents Douglas & Gordon and Chestertons both say prices in the sector are up 20 per cent on a year ago, both say this sector has improved by 20 per cent in the past 12 months, and both have a backlog of buyers. /Melissa Carter, of Douglas & Gordon's Battersea office, says: "Whatwas a good offer two months ago looks about right now. the deals are holding and valuers (who had been acting as a brake) are now prepared to follow." Buyers in the singles market come wielding big deposits (up to a thirdof the price is not unusual), and frequently leapfrog the studio andone-bed flats starting in at two beds. Often the second bed is let to afriend to take the sting out of the mortgage. /Although agents complain of there not being enough stock, there isa steady influx from the commercial block conversions. The new wave of developments is hitting the market now.The market is hungry and snaps up anything well priced. The Ziggurat Building in Clerkenwell, north London, sold all 34 units in its first phase within an hour of opening its doors, but the price was exceptional-- ￡140a sq ft when most schemes hover at ￡200 to ￡250.The developers' headline price may not have shot up in the past yearbut the amount of space you get for your money has been shaved, When Sapcote's Beauchamp Building in Hatton Garden, central London, was introduced last September the shell sizes of 1,200 to 1,400 sq ft were。

2023年9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题整理

9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题整理9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题Directions: In this part of the test,youwillhearapassageand read thesamepassage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLR ONCE.Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them._______________(1), we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging______________(2). http://tr.hjenglish/Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to ________________(3), a job interview, and an encounter with a stranger, Focus on the first seven seconds. What did you________________(4)? How did you read the other person? How do you think he reads you?______________ (5). For 25 years Ive worked with thousands who want to be successful. Ive helped them ________________(6), answer unfriendly questions, communicate more effectively.____________________(7) has always been you are the message.Others will want to be with you and help you if you use________________(8). They include physical appearance, energy,_________________(9), pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressions through eyes, and the ability to ______________________(10). Others form an impression about you based on these.Think of times when you know you ______________________(11). What made you successful? You were ___________________(12) what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you___________________(13). http://tr.hjenglish/Be yourself. Many how-to books advise you to________________(14) and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with __________________(15) and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice, it is most likely that youll ________________(16) including yourself.The trick is to _______________(17), at your best. The most effective people never change from one situation to another. Theyre the same whether theyre addressing their garden club,_________________(18), or being interviewed for a job. They communicate ___________________(19);the tones of their voices and their gestures _______________(20). http://tr.hjenglish/Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once, Now listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based an the following conversation.1. (A) It is required by the course he is taking. http://tr.hjenglish/(B) He is promoting a product through advertising.(C) He is applying for a scholarship at a university.(D) It is part of the selection process for a job.2. (A) How to become a successful job applicant.(B) How to prepare for a good speech.(C) How to make a good impression on the interviewer.(D) It has not been decided yet.3. (A) 20 minutes. (B) 30 minutes.(C) An hour. (D) Its not mentioned in the conversation.4. (A) To use the overhead projector.(B) To read clearly and loud enough from a script.(C) To illustrate his points with anecdotes or analogies.(D) To say something amusing or striking at the very start.5. (A) To listen to him rehearse the talk.(B) To help him collect the required statistics.(C) To analyze the data already available.(D) To write a script for the talk.Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) It will cut its peace keeping forces in some parts of Europe.(B) It will maintain its military presence in Bosnia and Kosovo.(C) It will cease its arms control talks with Russia.(D) It will have several eastern European countries as its full members.7. (A) Germany. (B) France.http://tr.hjenglish/(C) Hungary. (D) The Czech Republic.8. (A) Three. (B) Ten.(C) Fourteen.(D) Thirty.9. (A) Australians personal debts hit an all time low currently.(B) Australians face financial difficulties which might hinder economic growth.(C) The unemployment figures have been on the rise for the thirteenth month.(D) The record high interest rates start to threaten a booming housing market.10.(A) Because this was the first visit of the kind in the past four decades.(B) Because this visit had not been announced before these people actually arrived.(C) Because a denial of such a visit had been reported widely in the press.(D) Because government-level talks between the two sides has been recently cancelled.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) Steel production in the third world.(B) Economics about the developed countries.(C) Grain trade in northern Europe.(D) Cereal production in tropical areas.12. (A) To experience a flood disaster at first hand.(B) To study grain trade. http://tr.hjenglish/(C) To make a lecture tour.(D) To attend an international conference on grain production.13. (A) She took ferries. (B) She had to hire a boat from the locals.(C) She walked without any shoes. (D) She managed to drive a van.14. (A) Snake bites. (B) Big black ants.(C) Worms fleeing from the floods. (D) A fatal epidemic disease.15. (A) The government organized relief in conjunction with international charities.(B) The government brought down grain prices by selling its stock on the open market.(C) The merchants managed to keep their stock of grain safe from the flood water.(D) The merchants pushed up grain prices twice as much in some areas.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Young Entrepreneur.(B) Business Matters.(C) Successful Enterprise. (D) Talented Businessman.17. (A) Local business people. (B) Self employed people(C) People aged 18-25. (D) Successful people of any kind.18. (A) It must be typed on one side of paper only.(B) It must be no longer than 350 words.(C) It must have a persons signature.(D) It must be accompanied by a charity donation.19. (A) Six. (B) Ten.(C) Three hundred. (D) Three hundred and fifty.20. (A) Three weeks from now.(B) Two months after this announcement.(C) June the fifteenth. (D) The second weekend in July.文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

2011年9月高级口译考试真题与解析

2011年9月高级口译考试原文与解析【Spot Dictation】What’s in a surname? You may ask. A new website project has been released, that helps you locate your past. Have you ever wondered why your ancestors gathered where they did, or where others with your surname live now.A research project investigating the distribution of surnames in Britain answers these questions. And another study has found the surnames are still extremely regional.Smith, for example, remains the most common surname in Britain, used by more than half a million people. It has exactly the same concentration it always did in Lerwick, in the Scottish Shetland Islands. Jones is the No. 2 surname, and is the most common among hill farmers in north Wales.The data used for this project comes partly from electoral register. A number of other files are held by Ex-pairing, which is probably Britain's largest collector of data about individuals.There're some of us who are fairly predictable. Campbell, for example, as you might expect, is somewhat concentrated in the northern parts of Scotland, and it appears really bizarre to be found somewhere else.Well, with 25, 000 names as difficult to generalize, what you can do is put them in general categories, if, for example, you look at names which are people's work. Like the name, Webber, you might find it is much more common in the Midlands than in the south of England. If you go to Wales, most people get their names from their ancestors and in Yorkshire for example, a lot of people have names based on the places that they originally lived in or at least their ancestors did.Well, we only have 25, 000 names on this website, but there're another 50, 000names now found in Britain and they're particularly interesting, for they arenon-British names. Most British names are fairly common and about what we can now do as such is look for the frequency of all names from different parts of the world and different faiths, religions and languages. And what there is in names is actually extremely useful for researchers in anthropology and sociology may find a lot about different immigrant groups and their descendants now living in this country.【Listening Comprehension】Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.W：We heard up there that if you are turned down the first time, you try and persevere, but I can’t imagine going back to a boss after you have been turned down.M：Don’t give up. It’s so important not to give up. The first thing that you wanna do is try to understand what the situation is, engage in some candid conversation. I understand that you weren’t happy with my proposal or you are not able to approve it at this time. Tell me what some of your concerns are, because asking for a change in schedule is often about negotiation. So, maybe we can come up with some type of alternative or middle ground, and if that’s not possible right now, let’s se t a timetable for when we can revisit it, because what’s not possible today, could be plausible in 3 or 6 months from now, because circumstances and attitudes change. So don’t give up.W：Right! You don’t have to be a pest.M：That’s right.W：But just don’t give up quietly. OK. We hear bosses saying,” I can’t have people just wake up one day and say, ‘I need more time off’”, what are they really saying?M: That’s right. You can’t walk i n and just make those demands. The bottom lineis bosses really do want us to be happy, but not at the expense of productivity. And any type of a change in schedule, any type of flexibility, really, is an accommodation, not an entitlement, and so it doesn’t matter why I am asking, whether it’s “I am a mom, and I need more time with my kids.” or “I am a dad who wants to coach a soccer team.” It doesn’t matter what my reasons are for asking. I have to be able to convince the boss that I’m gonna produce result s. W: That’s one of these reasons you should say over and over again. Don’t go in with the pressing problem. Go in with the pressing solution.M: Solutions really are your way to victory, not always. But you are definitely not gonna succeed, if you go in with a laundry list of problems. If I come and I say: “I’m so sick of my commute. I really have to work from home one day a week.” W: But maybe the most skepticism raised by bosses is about the fact that you’re really gonna do as much or even more work. How do you convince your boss that you mean it that more work will be done. How do you convince and then show them.M: Offer benchmarks. It’s the best solution that you can provide. Because you are gonna say here is the proposal that I have. And here is h ow we’re gonna measure the results. Because I know results are important to you, and are important to me, too. So maybe we’re gonna have a conversation for 50 minutes every two weeks. So that we understand how the flow of communication is working. And if y ou are not happy, or I’m not happy, we have the ability to make changes along the way.W: Right.M: Flexibility is the key. In terms of getting these special accommodations, because I might say I want to work from home every Friday. But you know what? If there is a pressing business need, I will swap days. I will be here on that Friday，and so being flexible with this arrangement, with this propose change of schedule. Hopes you get control of your life, and keep the boss happy.1.What are the two people talking about?2. What is the bottom line for the bosses on the matter according to the man?3. What is the best solution to the issue being discussed in the conversation?4.Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation?5. What is the relationship between the two speakers most probably? Listening Comprehension 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.Huston USAFederal authorities have shut down dozens of web domains as part of a crackdown on trafficking in counterfeit goods or copyrighted works. Internet users attempting to access the websites now are greeted by a notice that the sites have been seized by the Department of Homeland Security’s Immig ration and Customs Enforcement.‘The coordinated federal law enforcement operation targeted online retailers of a diverse array of counterfeit goods, including sports equipment, shoes, handbags and sun-glasses as well as illegal copies of copyrighted DVD boxed sets, music and software,’ the Justice Department said the crackdown involved the seizure of 82 sites. Twelve of the cases were investigated by Houston-based agents with Homeland Security Investigations, but most of the sites are based overseas, particularly in east Asia, according to the Houston office of Homeland Security Investigations.Canberra, AustriaSouth Africa and Australia have said the next managing director of the International Monetary Fund should be appointed on merit and not nationality. The pair say the current appointment system undermines the IMF's legitimacy. The body has always been headed by a European, and UK chancellor George Osborne has backed Christine Lagarde, French economy minister, for the post.The position is vacant after Dominique Strauss-Kahn resigned last week so he could fight sexual assault charges.For too long, the IMF's legitimacy has been undermined by a convention to appoint its senior management on the basis of their nationality," Australian Treasurer Wayne Swan and South African Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan said in a joint statement.In order to maintain trust, credibility and legitimacy in the eyes of its stakeholders, there must be an open and transparent selection process which results in the most competent person being appointed as managing director, regardless of their nationality.Kabul AfghanistanSuicide bombers wielding machine guns have stormed a government building in eastern Afghanistan, officials say.Initial reports say at least three gunmen wearing suicide vests shot their way into the traffic police headquarters in Khost city.Security forces have surrounded the compound and a gun battle is taking place, police say. At least one person is reported to have been killed. The attack comes a day after a suicide bombing in Kabul killed at least six.In the latest attack, a guard was killed in the initial assault which happened at about 5 o’clock on Sunday, said the army commander for Khost province.The provincial police chief told the local news agency that there were three other police officers who had been wounded. The Taliban said it carried out the attack.London, UKThe first service that allows users to pay for purchases via their mobile phone has been launched in the UK.Users wishing to use the system - dubbed Quick T ap - will need Orange and Barclaycard accounts as well as a handset set up for contactless payments.The idea of the mobile wallet is gaining popularity around Europe.“Having a wallet on my phone has made it much more convenient to make purchases on the move and I like that it allows me to keep track of what I'mspending as I go," said David Chan, chief executive of Barclaycard Consumer. Later this summer, users will also be able to use the service to pay the toll on the M6 motorway.Richyvic IcelandThe Icelandic authorities have imposed a local flight ban after the country’s most active volcano, Grimsvotn, began erupting. A plume of smoke has risen 12 miles into the sky from the volcano. But Iceland's Meteorological Office says the eruption should not cause widespread disruption to air traffic. Last year, ash clouds from another Icelandic volcano, led to the closure of a large section of European airspace. Governments feared that ash particles could cause aircraft engines to fail, andthe closure caused chaos to air travelers. The Icelandic civil aviation authority has imposed a flight ban of 120 nautical miles around Grimsvotn. The authority spokeswoman said: "We have closed the area until we know better what effect the ash will have." "The ash in Grimsvotn is more coarse and not as likely to cause danger as it falls to the ground faster and doesn't stay as long in the air as the eruption last year."Domestic airline Icelandair said no traffic had been affected.6.the US federal authorities shut down 82 web sites trafficking and counterfeit goods, in which part of the world are most of these sites based?7.On which of the following factors should IMF boss be appointed according to Austria and South African officials?8.At least how many people are reported to have been killed when suicide bombers storm an Afghan police base on Sunday?9.What new service has recently been offered to UK shoppers?10. Which of the following is true about the latest eruption of Iceland’s most active volcano?Listening Comprehension 3Questions 11-15 are based on the following interview.W: Remember the setting for the movie the Truman show？It looked like a nice place to live. Well, for the most part, it wasn’t a set .The town actually exists and it was built on the concept of new Urbanism, the idea of using architecture and planning to nurture civic ties and to encourage interaction between neighbors. In central Florida, the World Disney Company is running its own experiment in new urbanism, a town called Celebration. Andrew Ross is a professor of American studies at New York University. He spent a year living in Celebration, getting to know the town and its people. Now Professor Ross, could you say something about this?M: The town more or less borrows very heavily from new urbanized principles. That’s the town-planning movement that is pledged to create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than automobiles. But many aspects of that kind of design of town are really aimed at maximizing social interaction between residents.W: And from your point of view, this would be laudable goals? I mean you go to some horrible sprawl communities and places like southern California, and you’ll see houses that only present garage doors to the street, and a community set-up where you absolutely have to drive to every single place and no one ever sees each other.M: And what make Celebration unique? There are many things that make celebration unique but one of them is the very high level of media scrutiny. By the time I got there to spend my year in Celebration, this was a community of folks who are already the most scrutinized people on the planet and that generated a very high level of performance anxiety among the folks living there. Really, that trickle down all the way from the Disney boardrooms to the school restrooms, ceaselessly assessing how the community was doing, whether it was creating a vibrant sense of interaction and participation and whether it wasbeing a success or a failure.W: Now, despite all the planning that went into Celebration, it evolved in what turned out to be unpredictable ways. A lot of people were disappointed there, some people less disappointed.M: A lot of folks who moved in there had very high expectations. A goodly number of them were Disney files, who had been accustomed to high levels of customer satisfaction from the company in their vacation experiences. Obviously, those high expectations would be inevitably thwarted at some level. But most folks, and we are talking about a self-selected group of pioneers who moved in there, were people who had moved from the cheerless isolation of a lot of other suburban places, were very hungry for community, very much looking for a town where they could fully participate and create and define the sense of community there.W: What about the attempts of the planners to engineer community where there will be a mixture of incomes? Was that effective?M: Initially it was effective and this is highly unusual in the American housing landscape to find fairly pricy houses just a spit away from multi-family rental apartment buildings. You just don’t find that anywhere in American housing landscape. The problem is that a lot of new Urbanist Towns like Celebration become commercially successful and Celebration has indeed been that. What happens is the housing prices rise and the low-inco me folks can’t afford to live there anymore. That’s already beginning to happen. There were working-class people who I knew in Celebration who had moved in there as pioneers and Lord knows how they made ends meet and they did. Certainly, it wasn’t cheap to live in town but increasingly those low-income folks won’t be able to afford that.11. About which of the following is Professor Ross being interviewed?12. Which of the following is not promised by new urbanized principles?13 . What, among many other things, makes the town of Celebration unique?14 . What can we probably tell about Celebration from the interview?15. Which of the following statements is true about those who had?Listening Comprehension 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.Hello, I’m Amber and you’re listening to BBC learning . In London life today, we sit down to a traditional British breakfast in a smart London restaurant and a ‘greasy-spoon café’! A ‘greasy-spoon café’, or ‘caff’, is the opposite of a smart restaurant!We find out what the traditional British breakfast is made of, and why it is becoming more and more popular, especially in London, to eat breakfast in a café before arriving at the office for a hard day’s work.Now let’s listen to what an American anthropologist, Kaori O’Connor says. According to Kaori O’Connor, strangers to England have a ‘vague vision’, an unclear picture in their minds, of what the traditional British breakfast is –perhaps it’s served from silver dishes on a grand ‘sideboard’. As you listen, try to catch what Kaori lists as the three main ingredients of the great British breakfast.She says ‘It’s a meal that everyone outside of England has heard of, and dreams about, and we don’t know what it is, but when we come h ere, we want to eat it. And we have some vague vision of, you know, a sideboard with silver dishes and it’s just going to be the most wonderful thing on earth and I got here, and I went to a café and there was the bacon, eggs and chips, and I thought –gos h, is this all there is?!’Did you catch it? Kaori says she went into a London café for breakfast and there it was ‘bacon, eggs and chips’! Bacon is meat from a pig that has been salted and dried, and it is fried for a traditional English breakfast!The eggs are usually fried too, and there is also usually some kind of bread – perhaps fried bread or even, as Kaori saw, chips –fried potatoes! So now let’s go to a smart London restaurant where chef Lawrence Keogh is frying atraditional breakfast! You can hear the sizzling in the background! He explains why he eats breakfast –the egg and bacon are ‘protein’, for example – protein is healthy. ‘it keeps you going all day’. It’s ‘sustenance’, nourishment, healthy food.As you listen, try to catch what he say s is a new trend, or fashion in London’s top restaurants.Lawrence Keogh says ‘I think it’s fundamental to the start of the day. If I’ve got a long day at work, I try and eat egg and bacon in the morning because it’s protein – it keeps you going all day. You know really, we do a lot of business meetings as well now in the morning –the place is very busy – and I think you see it across London now, there’s lots more people having business meetings in top restaurants and it’s getting very fashionable to have breakfast.’ Well, Did you catch it? Laurence says that more and more people are having ‘business meetings in top restaurants and it’s getting very fashionable to have breakfast.’Well our last stop today is a greasy-spoon café. Russell Davies is an expert on these! He’s written a book called ‘Egg, Bacon, Chips and Beans: 50 Great Cafes and the Stuff That Makes Them Great’. He explains what makes a great breakfast in a down-market London café. He writes in the book ‘I would say the café experience, you kno w, it’s less than 50% the food, as it were, there’s also the atmosphere, there’s the fact that in a decent cafe, they’re not going to hurry you out. There’s the smells, there’s the sounds, you know, the badly-tuned radio, the eccentric art on the wall, the kind of odd condiment choice and most cafes are so small that it’s the best place for eavesdropping and just kind of listening to other people’s conversations16. What is the main topic of this talk?17. Which of the following is usually not included in the great British breakfast?18. What’s the new trend or fashion in London’s top restaurants according to Chef Lawrence Keogh?19. Which of the following does not make the atmosphere in a down-marketLondon café?20. What can we conclude about a traditional British breakfast from the talk? 【Translation Test(英译汉)】1. In the coming decades, Europe’s influence on a ffairs beyond its borders will be sharply limited, and it is in other regions, not Europe, that the 21st century will be most clearly forged and defined. Certainly, one reason for NATO’s increasing marginalization stems from the behavior of its European members. With NATO, critical decisions are still made nationally; much of the talk about a common defense policy remains just that — talk. There is little specialization or coordination. Missing as well are many of the logistical and intelligence assets needed to project military force on distant battlefields. With the Cold War and the Soviet threat a distant memory, there is little political willingness, on a country-by-country basis, to provide adequate public funds to the military.在接下来的几十年里，欧洲对国际事务的影响力将会锐减，推动和定义21世纪的将是世界上的其他地区，绝非欧洲。

9月中级口译听力部分passagetranslation答案+评析-口译笔译考试.doc

9月中级口译听力部分passagetranslation答案+评析-口译笔译考试.doc9月中级口译听力部分passage translation 答案+评析-口译笔译考试2011年9月中高级口译考试已经结束，下面为9月中级口译听力部分passage translation答案+评析。

Passage 1Most people in Britain like drinking tea. Britons drink a quarter of all the tea grown in the world each year. They are the world’s greatest tea drinkers. Many of them drink it on at least 8 different occasions during the day. They drink it between meals and at meals. They drink early morning tea in bed. Some morning tea drinkers have automatic tea-making machines connected to their alarm clocks. They also drink afternoon tea in their sitting room or in their gardens.大多数英国人喜欢喝茶。

英国人每年可以喝掉世界上生产的四分之一的茶叶。

他们是世界上茶叶最大的消费人群。

许多英国人一天至少喝茶8次。

他们在饭前饭后喝茶，早上刚起床就喝茶。

一些早上起床喝茶的人们甚至把自己的制茶机和闹钟设定在一起。

他们在起居室，或者自己的花园里，也喜欢喝下午茶。

评析：这篇听译中，考生要注意对数字的记忆和理解。

难点在后面的3个喝茶时间(tea between meals, morning tea, afternoon tea 的信息捕捉和分析。

2012年9月高级口译真题和答案解析

2012年9月高级口译考试真题和答案【Spot Dictation】Hunger and food insecurity have been called America’s “hidden crisis.” At the same time, and apparently paradoxically, obesity has been declared a serious epidemic. Both obesity and hunger (and, more broadly, food insecurity) are serious public health problems, sometimes co-existing in the same families and the same individuals. Their existence sounds contradictory, but those with insufficient resources to purchase adequate food can still be overweight, for reasons that researchers now are beginning to understand.The apparent paradox of expanding wastelands and persistent hunger and food insecurity inAmerica is driven in part by the economics of buying food. Households without money to buy enough food first change their purchasing in eating habits, relying on cheaper high-calorie foods over more expensive neutral rich foods before they cut back on the amount of food. In order to cope with limited money for food and to stave off hunger, families try to maximize calories-intake for each dollar spent, which can lead to over-consumptions of calories and a less healthful diet.Research among low-income families shows that mothers first sacrifice their own nutrition by restricting their food intake during periods of food insufficiency in order to protect their children from hunger. The resulting chronic ups and downs in food intake can contribute, over the long run, to obesity among low-income women.Dr. Larry Brown, executive director of the Center on Hunger and Poverty, reported, "A growing body of research shows that hunger and obesity pose a dual threat for some people. We need to better understand this relationship if our nation is to grapple with these parallel threats to the well-being of Americans. We particularly need to avoid damaging policy prescriptions that assume hunger and obesity cannot coexist."Renowned food experts and scientists call for a reform agenda to address both hunger and obesity. According to James Wells, president of the Food Research and Action Center, an agenda that seriously tackles hunger and obesity among the poor must address their common roots. Thoseroots include food insecurity and the impact of poverty. One answer is increased access to incomesupports and nutrition programs so that more families have sufficient resources to obtain healthierdiets.【解析】本文选自《The Paradox of Hunger and Obesity in America》和《Hunger, obesity: two sides of same coin.》，命题者对两篇文章的内容进行了节选和组合，组成了一篇听写段落。

2004年9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题

2004年9月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Every nation and region in the world has its own set of folk heroes. Sometimes, the heroes from_______ (1) are strikingly similar. When this is true, the stories connected with these figures can _______ (2) between two seemingly different cultures. Often, however, heroes from one culture or region are_______ (3). When this is the case, the heroic figure demonstrates the unique aspects of a specific people, not merely _______ (4) to similar circumstances. Now, in this lecture, we will look at a number of American folk heroes in order to focus on several aspects of _______ (5).By folk heroes, we mean figures whose stories have evolved over time and whose legends cannot be _______ (6). Instead of being created by a single writer, folk heroes evolve through time and reflect the efforts and creativity of _______ (7). Of course, professional writers sometimes _______ (8) folk heroes, just as those who create folk heroes often incorporate aspects of _______ (9) into their stories. Nonetheless, folk heroes and the folklore concerning them are _______ (10) by people who perform_______ (11) their audiences. One example of this process might be the poet Homer reciting his heroic tales to a _______ (12) audience of ancient Greeks. This was a favorite form of entertainment long before _______ (13).America is a diverse country in which various people and sub-cultures embrace their own unique history and lore. _______ (14) under these circumstances, a wide variety of heroes have become a part of _______ (15). Any yet many of these heroes share similarities that make them distinctively American, in spite of _______ (16). By focusing on these similarities, we can _______ (17) of America and its people.For hundreds of years, Americans have struggled to understand their place in the New World. There were _______ (18) in the New World. In addition, the social and economic position of people was not as _______ (19) as in Europe, Africa and Asia. As a result, storytellers created heroes _______ (20) the unique opportunities and challenges that America provided.Part B: Listening ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) In the professor's home.(B) In the professor's office.(C) In the classroom.(D) In the school library.2. (A) Children always have the same accents as their mothers.(B) Most adult language learners can lose their accents.(C) Students don't usually learn their classmates' accents.(D) There will be big misunderstandings if you speak with accents.3. (A) He used the wrong stress.(B) He used the wrong intonation.(C) He misunderstood the word.(D) He spoke the word with a very different accent.4. (A) Australian.(B) British.(C) Indian.(D) South African.5. (A) To drop the pronunciation class.(B) To sign up for a listening / speaking class.(C) To check in the library the schedule for the new semester.(D) To wait to make a decision about the pronunciation class.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Because of the accumulation of funds in the real estate market.(B) Because of the rising house prices and government budget deficits.(C) Because of the resignation of the Finance Minister Gorden Brown.(D) Because of the increase in the number of the houses being sold.7. (A) Business confidence will probably remain unchanged for the next year.(B) Business confidence was the highest in May since April 2001.(C) Published National indexes show confidence unchanged in Germany and Italy and falling in France.(D) The index of confidence may have stayed at plus 5, the highest in 3 years.8. (A) They will deliver solid earning results this year.(B) They will break even at the end of this year.(C) They posted another year of losses due to bad loan write-offs.(D) They reported mixed results for the year ended March 31.9. (A) 50.(B) 100.(C) 150.(D) 200.10. (A) A Korean patrol boat operated illegally in Japanese waters.(B) A Korean fishing vessel overturned and the captain was fatally wounded.(C) A Japanese Coast Guard patrol boat fired teargas grenades at a Korean fishing vessel.(D) A Japanese fishing vessel was repeatedly ordered to stop operating in Korean waters.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) Because the usage of the Internet is widespread now.(B) Because Internet addiction is growing on college campuses.(C) Because the computer is accessible to everyone on college campuses.(D) Because Internet addiction is less harmful than other addictions.12. (A) She cannot go to sleep without surfing on the Net first.(B) She and other people are surfing on the Net in the middle of the night.(C) She doesn't know when her Internet compulsiveness is turning into an addiction.(D) She isn't sure the exact amount of time is really the issue.13. (A) People's work performance and school performance may be affected.(B) People may lose social skills that make face-to-face relationships successful.(C) People may be cheated by those with false identities.(D) People may have no time for taking walks and other leisure activities.14. (A) Work performance.(B) School performance.(C) Relationships.(D) Mental health.15. (A) Practice self-discipline.(B) Have some sort of balance in life.(C) Set an alarm clock.(D) Act upon your friend's advice.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) In the late 1940s.(B) In the early 1950s.(C) In the late 1950s.(D) In the early 1960s.17. (A) Abstract Expressionism.(B) The artistic movement that immediately preceded it.(C) The internal struggles of the individual artists.(D) Mass-produced visual media and the design of common household objects.18. (A) Abstract Expressionism was a very personal art.(B) Abstract Expressionism was more easily accessible to the masses than Pop Art.(C) Abstract Expressionism reflected a direct relationship to the actual world.(D) Abstract Expressionism was a little bit influenced by Pop Art.19. (A) To direct art from the personalities of the individual artists towards the world.(B) To impose a unified symbolic meaning on his collection of materials.(C) To concentrate less on the objects and more on the images he found.(D) To set the stage for further development in Pop Art.20. (A) Because their use of found objects and images from everyday life was innovative.(B) Because they believed that these images reflected the cultural values of contemporary society.(C) Because they use everyday objects found on the street as the material for their art.(D) Because they combined and repeated images from print media to make one single artwork.SECTION 2: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Questions 1-5Valentine's Day is tomorrow, and we are all thinking about true love and heart-shaped chocolate candy. Well, maybe not all of us. Some of us, actually, are considering the quantifiable aspects of divorce. In America today, some 50 percent of marriages are predicted to end in divorce. And at the University of Washington in Seattle they say they can tell you exactly—well, almost exactly—which ones those will be.A psychologist, a mathematician, and a pathologist have devised what they call a proven mathematical formula for detecting which relationships will go sour—thereby holding out hope that such couples can overcome their problems, and avoid divorce. "We have been able to predict that divorce will happen before [it does]. That's old news," says John Gottman, emeritus professor of psychology. "But what we have now is a scientific model for understanding why we can predict it with such accuracy."The work marks the first time a mathematic model is being used to understand such deep personal human interactions, adds James Murray, professor of applied mathematics. "It is totally objective. And our prediction of which couples would divorce within a four-year period was 94 percent accurate." This ishow it works: Couples face each other and discuss—each speaking in turn—a subject over which they have disagreed more than once in the past. They are wired to detect various physiological data, such as pulse rates, and they're also videotaped. A session lasts a mere 15 minutes. The research team watches and analyzes the tapes and data, awarding plus or minus points depending on the type of interactions and according to a standard scoring system. Everything is then translated into equations and plotted on a graph, which the researchers have dubbed the "Dow-Jones Industrial Average for marital conversation." Once this is done, different situations are simulated and analyzed from the equations and graphs, and predictions are made.Over the past 16 years more than 700 couples (at different stages of their marriages) took part in the research. But let's go back a moment. It all starts, say, with a chat about mothers-in-law—apparently one of the hot topics of contention among couples, along with money and sex, according to Dr. Murray. "The husband might say to his wife, 'Your mother really is a pain in the neck.' Well, that's a minus two points.A shrug, that's a no-no——so minus one. And rolled eyes——very negative; that's minus two." If however, the husband were to say, "Your moth er is a pain in the neck…but she is sometimes funny," then, according to the researchers, you would take away two pints and then give one back. If the husband cracked a smile, he would get another point. At the end of all the additions and subtractions, a stable marriage is indicated by having five more positive points than negative ones. Otherwise, warns the team, the marriage is in trouble.In trouble——but not doomed. The whole point of the model, says Dr. Gottman, is that it gives therapists new understanding with which they can help couples overcome patterns of interaction and prevent divorce. "What we are suggesting," says Murray, "is that couples who take this experiment then be told the prediction and realize they are going to have to both change their behavior and repair what is wrong."Not everyone buys into this model. Bonnie Jacobson, a clinical psychologist and processor at New York University, says it is "absolutely impossible" to understand the workings of a relationship via aone-size-fits-all model. "For mostly every couple I have seen, it's hard to see how they got together in the first place," she says. "So unless you really get to know the nuanced dynamics, you will never 'get it' or be able to help."Christine Fasano was married for only 14 months before getting a divorce last year. She agrees the dynamics of a relationship are nuanced and complex—but also sees merit in the University of Washington study's basic assumption that if one looks starkly at interaction between a couple, it is possible to ascertain whether the relationship is headed toward demise. "I'm not surprises the model works," she says. "It's actually not that profound. My basic observation of couples that are happily married is that they treat each other well. That is basically what they are saying, and that is hard to argue with."So, any final advice for Valentine's Day from the divorce research team out in Washington? "I would never give advice on matters of the heart," says Murray, who, incidentally, has been married 45 years. "But I suppose the bottom line is, yes, communication. And being good to one another. That is nice to quantify."1. The mathematical model is designed by these scientists ________.(A) to figure out the of probability of divorce(B) to predict and help avoid divorce(C) for the newly-married young couples(D) on the basis of physiological data2. Which of the following CANNOT be found about the mathematical formula?(A) It is quite popular and has been widely accepted.(B) It has been experimented with over 700 couples.(C) It has been invented by a number of scientists from related fields.(D) It is proved useful as more marriages end in divorce.3. In the sentence "Not every one buys into the model." (para.6) the expression "buys into" can be interpreted as ________.(A) pays to acquire(B) supports fully(C) have confidence in(D) understands and accepts4. Christine Fasano is introduced in the passage because ________.(A) her divorce was predicted and avoided by the formula(B) her divorce proved the effectiveness of the mathematical model(C) she thought the rationale behind the formula is understandable(D) she argued that divorce could be prevented by frequent communication5. The love equation employs all of the following methods EXCEPT ________.(A) It is based on the analysis of recordings of marital conversation(B) It uses and addition and subtraction system to record the data(C) It makes predictions from analysis of equations and graphs(D) It uses the interviews of each of the spouses separatelyQuestions 6-10When Timothy Spahr finally knocked off work on Jan.13, after more than 10 hours on the job, he figured he was at last done for the night. Spahr's task as an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center fro Astrophysics, in Cambridge, Mass., is to collect reports of asteroids that might one day pass near Earth. On that Tuesday, he had been processing observations from an automated telescope in New Mexico when he noticed a pinpoint of light that might fit the profile. He calculated the object's orbit and, as usual, posted the information on the Minor Planet Center website for other astronomers to see. Then he went off to dinner with a friends.What happened next guaranteed that Spahr's workday wasn't nearly over. It also triggered a debate among astronomers about how quickly the public should be informed about dangers from space—and how sure scientists need to be before issuing such warnings. Several times in the past, sky watchers have announced that a rogue asteroid might threaten Earth—triggering the usual banner headlines—only to retract the warning a few days later. But while saying "never mind" is embarrassing, it would be much worse to keep a real danger quiet. And that's why Spahr's drawn-out workday was a prime topic of discussion at the Planetary Defense conference organized by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and held last week in Garden Grove, Calif.While Spahr dined, a German amateur astronomer visited the Minor Planet website, noted the new object, called 2004 AS1, and noticed further that its brightness was expected to increase an almost unbelievable 4,000% in the next day or so—an indication that it was approaching with blistering speed.Then he plotted the orbit Spahr had calculated and realized that the chunk of rock, estimated at the time to be about 100 ft. across, was on a direct collision course with Earth—specifically, somewhere in the northern hemisphere—and only days away. At that size, it would probably explode in the atmosphere a few miles up with the force of a one-megaton H-bomb, enough to wreak havoc on anything directly below.When the German amateur posted an alert on an asteroid watchers e-mail list, astronomers around the world went into high gear. "By the time I got home at around midnight," says Spahr, "there were five messages waiting on my answering machine." Over the next several hours, he and others raced to try to figure out whether Earth truly was in danger. "All of us were initially very skeptical," says Clark Chapman, an astronomer at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. "We thought it was a mistake or bad data or someone playing a trick."But when Steve Chesley, at NASA'S Jet Propulsion Laboratory, checked Spahr's calculations, he came up with a 1-in-4 probability of a strike. "It was a responsible analysis," says Chapman. "It wasn't mistaken in any obvious way." There was one hitch: the asteroid's projected trajectory was based on only four observations over a one-hour period, hardly enough to be definitive. It would take another look to nail down its path.Usually a threatening asteroid is potted years in advance. This time, with just days to spare, astronomers had to get their second look right away. So Chesley did some more calculations to find what's called the keyhole—the tiny region of sky where 2004 AS1 should be if the orbit was correct—and put those coordinates out on the Internet. "It clearly wasn't time to make an announcement," says Chapman, who denies a BBC report that he was on the verge of telephoning the White House that night. "But if we still didn't know the next morning, I think we would have been obliged to alert people."Fortunately, the wait was not long. At around 3:30 E.T. that morning, Brian Warner, an amateur astronomer from Colorado Springs. Colo., aimed a telescope at the keyhole and found it was empty.2004 AS1 wasn't going to hit Earth after all, and probably never will—luckily, since it turns out to be more like 1,600 ft. across. Next time, Spahr won't be depending on a sharp-eyed amateur. "Within two days after the incident," he say, "we had software to check for future impacts automatically."6. Which of the following cannot be concluded from the statement "What happened next guaranteed that Spahr's workday wasn't nearly over." (para.2)?(A) He continued work after dinner with a friend.(B) He sent more information on the Minor Planet Center website.(C) His approach caused much attention and confusion.(D) His approach led to heated debate and discussion.7. "Spahr's drawn-out workday was a prime topic of discussion at the Planetary Defense conference" (para.2) because ________.(A) it is concerned with the protection of Earth from asteroids(B) it leads to an important discovery in astronautics(C) it is related to professional ethics of astronomers in issuing warnings(D) it caused panic and confusion among the general public8. It can be found from the introduction of the German amateur astronomer that ________.(A) his prediction of the asteroid's collision with Earth was out of imagination(B) his calculation of the speed and direction of the asteroid was correct(C) amateurs are amateurs, and their prediction is often nonsensical(D) warnings of dangers from space should be cautious and careful9. When NASA's Steve Chesleys reached the 1-in-4 probability of a strike from the asteroid, he________.(A) supposed that the German amateur astronomer was playing a trick(B) disagreed with the practice of giving such warnings so casually(C) implied that the movement of the asteroid should be closely watched(D) strongly proposed that action must be taken to defend Earth10. Which of the following conveys the major message from the last two paragraphs?(A) Amateurs and professional astronomers coordinate closely in their effort.(B) The scientists reported to the White House about their discovery.(C) The hasty prediction of the threatening asteroid came off eventually.(D) It turned out that the 2004AS1 did not hit Earth as predicted by amateurs.Questions 11-15Twenty years ago there was panic in Cupertino, Calif. Only a week remained before the team of whiz kids designing Apple's radical new computer had to turn in the final code. The giant factory was ready. The soon-to-be-famous Super Bowl commercial was ready. But the computer wasn't.As recounted by software wizard Andy Hertzfeld on a new cyberdigital history site (), the already overworked Mac team trudged back to the cubicles for seven days of debugging hell, fueledby espresso chocolate beans and a dream. And on Jan.24, 1984, their leader, Apple confounder Steve Jobs, recited a verse from "The Times They Are A-Changin," then formally unveiled the Macintosh, a boxy little guy with a winning smile icon on its nine-inch monochrome screen. The Mac-oids fully expected to make computer history, and they did. What surprises them now is that their creation is still around two decades later.Only nine years after the first personal computer (a build-it-yourself box whose only input was a set of switches), Apple's team had delivered an experience that would persist into the next century. This was the graphical user interface (GUI), a mind-blowing contrast to the pre-1984 standard of glowing green characters and arcane commands. Though Apple didn't come up with the idea of windows on a screen and a mouse to let people naturally manipulate information, the Macintosh refined and popularized those concepts. Lots of people criticized and some made fun of those advances at the time. But even Apple's rivals became convinced that the GUI was groovy. Now, no matter what computer you use, you're using, essentially, a Mac.The original Mac was costly, underpowered and had no cursor keys. Early sales disappointed Apple, and the then CEO John Sculley fired Jobs in 1985. Eventually, Mac became equipped with more memory and storage, and people began to discover the machine's ability to become a tool for the new pursuit of desktop publishing. The machine began to take off. But the business world never warmed to Macintosh, and by the mid-90's tech pundits were crafting Apple obituaries. In 1997 prodigal cofounder Jobs returned and restored Apple's luster with innovations like the eye-popping iMac."I think Apple's now doing the best work it's ever done," says Jobs. "But all of us on the Mac team consider it the high point of our professional careers. I only wish we knew a fraction of what we knownow." Even now for its 25 million users, the Macintosh is a source of passion. (Journalists know that a disparaging word about an iMac or a PowerBook will unleash a hundred flames from rabid Apple-heads.) Steve Jobs thinks he knows why. "In the modern world there aren't a lot of products where the people who make them love them. How many products are made that way these days?"If that's so, then why is the Mac market share, even after Apple's recent revival, sputtering at a measly 5 percent? Jobs has a theory about that, too. Once a company devises a great product, he says, it has a monopoly in that realm, and concentrates less on innovation that protecting its turf. "The Mac-user interface was a 10-year monopoly," says Jobs. "Who ended up running the company? Sales guys . At the critical juncture in the late '80s, when they should have gone for market share, they went for profits. They made obscene profits for several years. And their products became mediocre. And then their monopoly ended with Windows 95. They behaved like a monopoly, and it came back to bite them, which always happens."A wicked smile cracks the bearded, crinkly Steve Jobs's visage, and for a moment he could be the playful upstart who shocked the world 20 years ago. "Hmm, look who's running Microsoft now," he says, referring to former Procter & Gamble marketer Steve Ballmer."A sales guy!" The smile gets broader. "I wonder…" he says.11. The sentence "their creation is still around two decades later." (para.2) can be paraphrased as which of the following?(A) Their creation is still being widely used 20 years later.(B) They have been fascinated by their own creation for 20 years.(C) Mac models being used today are based on their creation 20 years ago.(D) Their creation has surpassed other models over the past 20 years.12. In the sentence "that the GUI was groovy" (para.3), the word "groovy" can be interpreted as________.(A) fashionably modern(B) practical and inexpensive(C) most sophisticated(D) odd and strange looking13. When Steve Jobs thinks "he knows why" (para.5), he implies that ________.(A) people do not love the product they make today(B) Apple people have special passion for what they make(C) some products are liked by those who make them(D) Apple people either love iMac or PowerBook14. According to Jobs, the main reason the Mac market share did not go up much was that ________.(A) sales people were only concerned about profits(B) the monopoly of Mac lasted too long(C) any monopoly would end sooner or later(D) market share and company profit were treated equally15. The purpose of the passage is to tell ________.(A) how the Macintosh was unveiled twenty years ago by the team of whiz kids(B) Apple's popularizing the idea of windows on a screen and a mouse(C) Macintosh's contribution to the development of computers over the past two decades.(D) the ups and downs in the development of Macintosh over the past two decadesQuestions 16-20"Two centuries ago, Meriwether Lewis and William Clerk left St. Lois to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase," George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. "They made that journey in the spirit of discovery… America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons."Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission. First, Lewis and Clark were headed to a place amenable to life; hundred of thousands of people were already living there. Second, Lewis and Clark were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, the Lewis and Clark venture cost next to nothing by today's standards.In 1989 NASA estimated that a people-to-Mars program would cost $400 billion, which inflates to $600 billion today. The Hoover Dam cost $700 million in today's money, meaning the sending people to Mars might cost as much as building about 800 new Hoover dams. A Mars mission may be the single most expensivenon-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.The thought of travel to Mars is exhilarating. Surely men and women will someday walk upon that planet, and surely they will make wondrous discoveries about geology and the history of the solar system, perhaps even about the vary origin of life. Many times I have stared up at Mars in the evening sky in the mountains, away from cities, you can almost see the red tint and wondered what is there, or was there.But the fact that a destination is tantalizing does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth's surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending or other important programs or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists and biologists once on Mars could do little mare than analyze rocks and feel awestruck beholding the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyze by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration: pictures of the rings of Saturn and the outer planets, evidence of water on Mars and the moon of Jupiter, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush's proposal, which calls for "reprogramming" some ofNASA's present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science the one aspect of space exploration that's working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two decades, or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and if advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, then the dreams of stepping onto the Red Planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.。

2010年9月高级口译真题与答案课件

2010年9月高级口译考试真题与答案【Spot Dictation】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second. We’ve got computers and laptops. We’ve got personal organizers. And we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advancing technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are thought of over-whelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we now have to go through? We are not becoming a race of global idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen emails in 5 minutes or to fill out maybe big ap titude text. That’s enhanced.But when someone is out there with his kids laying in his little league, or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket, he is always wondering: “Jeez, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brains patterns. Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing. When it puts together ideas which you haven’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a business person but you have time to read a book about history or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago, or something or some ideas, some default of long ago.Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way. And so if this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, feeds your creativity, and if your mind is disciplined to answer every email, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling, you don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we are getting smarter in some senses, but over communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.【Listening Comprehension】Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.M: You know in designing this new town, we try to look backward at small town in America, and take the best of those planning elements. Houses close together, sidewalks from the porches, tree-lined streets, easy non-automobile-dependent access to the town center and to your neighbors and to the school and the other institutions that are vital. And we’ve tried to take some of those ideas and update them and come out with a livable, workable place where people can go and re-kindle the sense of community that seems to be missing from suburbs all across the country. W: So give us a sense of how these new towns are designed.M: Houses are all very close together. We were just 10 feet apart from our neighbors on either side of us. And that’s pretty much the standard for the town. So, you have houses that are close together, houses that surround open areas. They have a lot of big parks, a lot of common areas. The theory is that you are willing to sacrificial private yards base. You don’t need a quarter of an acre or half an acre. If you have a public area where you can go and enjoy the facilities there. And, most importantly, you can interact with your neighbors. That helps to create the sense of community. That’s so important to many of these new town developments.W: Now I see this whole sense of community. It’s going to be a new town, but we are going to do it with the sense of nostalgia for the past, like, a lot of the houses had porches.M: yes, it would create a front-porch culture, that people would be out on their porches, talking to their neighbors next door, and to people walking down the street, or people riding their bikes. And that would be this culture that existed 40, 50 or 60 years ago. But that really has been one of the failures that we observed during our 2 years in this new town. And the people don’t spend very much time at all on their front porches. There are a couple of things going on. One is this central Florida and it’s hotter than hell a god part of the year. And sitting on your front porch, even if you have a fun going, can be a very uncomfortable thing. People prefer to be inside in the air-conditioning.W: What were some of the rules you had to live by in the new project? And did any of these rules bother you?M: well, the developer and I have different feelings about rules. His feeling is, if I can summarize these feelings for him, that you move in then knowing the rules, and if you don’t like them, you shouldn’t move in. I have some problems with rules. I just sometimes like to break them. And They just bother me because of their inexistence. But the rules sometimes were silly and sometimes weren’t. They dictated what colo r your curtains could be facing this street, and actually asked a woman with red curtains to remove them.W: really? Is that true?M: And they dictated where you could park your car and for how long. They dictated any sort of thing you could attach to you r house. You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house, they dictated forever the color of your house. And they dictate how often you have to repaint your house. They try to go a step further and remove plastic flowers and plastic furniture from that all important front porches. Some rules seem to go a little too far.Questions:1. What are the two speakers talking about?2. There are several planning elements for recreating a sense of community. Which of the following is not one of these elements?3. According to the conversation, what can we learn about the so-called front porch culture?4. Which of the following is not one of the rules that the residents have to live by?5. What does the man think of these rules according to the conversation?Listening Comprehension 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the following newsNew York, USThe biggest Wall Street banks slashed their small business loan portfolios by 9% between 2008 and 2009, more than double the rate at which they cut their overall lending, according to agovernment report released Thursday.The Congressional Oversight Panel report spotlights the role banks, especially the largest ones, played in the credit crunch that has plagued small companies throughout the recession."Big banks pulled back on everyone, but they pulled back harder on small businesses," Elizabeth Warren, the panel's chairwoman.Warren's oversight committee was established to keep tabs on the federal government's financial stabilization effort. The committee's May report focuses on the role her committee played in improving credit access for small companies.Madrid, SpainThe European Union eases trade with Latin America at Madrid summitThe EU plans to boost trade with Latin America despite warnings from some European ministers and farmers, who fear unfair competition.EU negotiations with the Mercosur trade bloc, frozen since 2004, will reopen. The Mercosur group embraces Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Trade deals were also reached with Central America, Peru and Colombia, following marathon talks in Madrid. EU Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso said, “We have opened a ground-breaking chapter in the EU relationship with our Latin America and Caribbean partners.” The EU is pursuing regional trade agreements while global trade talks - the so-called Doha Round - have failed to make progress.Tripoli, LibyaMembers of a Dutch family are on their way to Libya after being told that the sole survivor of the plane crash that killed 103 people might be their relative. A member of the Dutch family told the media that officials had told her family the child being treated at a hospital in Tripoli might be her grandson, 9-year-old Ruben van Assouw.The Dutch foreign ministry confirmed that two presumed family members of the injured child were on their way to Tripoli.Ruben had been on safari in South Africa with his brother, mother and father. All of whomperished in the crash, said the newspaper.Sixty-one Dutch citizens were believed killed when the MA Flight 230 from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing in clear weather at 6am. The Times understands that seven passengers had been due to fly on to London. Two of the dead were Britons and one was Irish.London, the United KingdomTarget Corp posted a higher quarterly profit as consumers loosened their wallets to spend on items including clothing and electronics.The discount retailer said profit was $671 million in the first fiscal quarter that ended May 1, compared with $522 million a year earlier.Target has benefited from consumers becoming a bit more willing to spend on discretionary items such as clothing and home furnishings.The company previously said that sales at stores open at least a year rose 2.8 percent in the first quarter.Bonn, GermanyFears of greater financial regulation across Europe hammered stocks after German measures aimed at limiting speculation were taken to smack of desperation.Stock markets were unnerved by Germany's unilateral ban on certain naked shorts announced late on Tuesday. And the euro suffered a kneejerk reaction, falling more than 1 percent against the yen, as investors saw foreign exchange as the only way to bet against the euro zone.World stocks were down 1.43 percent whilst the more volatile emerging markets index fell 2.64 percent.There were also fears that the debt crisis was about to worsen as some believed Germany's move smacked of desperation.Questions:6. What did the Wall Street banks do between 2008 and 2009 as reported in the news?7. What did the European Union plan to do at the Madrid Summit?8. How many people were killed when the passenger plane from Johannesburg to Tripoli crashed on landing?9. How much profit did Target Corp make in the first quarter of the year?10. What did Germany’s rece nt financial measures aim at?Listening Comprehension 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.Man: When most couples married, they may discuss some things in advance like how many children they want or where they want to live. But most of the day-to-day details or problems of married life work out after marriage. Not so with Steven Karen Parsons who have a 15-page prenuptial agreement that states the rules they must follow in almost every aspect of their married life. Today, Karen is here with us.Man: Karen, first I’d like to ask you why you decided to write this agreement. You’ve both bee n married before. Am I right?Woman: Yes, I’ve been married twice and Steve was married once before. So we have some experience about what goes wrong in a marriage.Man: And that’s why you wrote this agreement.Woman: Yes, we found that many problems happen when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We want to talk about everything openly and honestly before we start living together. Also, we both know how important it is to respect each other’s quotes. We’re all bothered by things that seems small to someone else, like it used to really bother me when my ex-husband let his dirty clothes on the floor. So we put that in the agreement: dirty clothing must be put in a laundry bag. Now Steve knows what my expectations are.Man: I’m sure that some people hearing this report will think this contract isn’t very romantic. Woman: Well, we disagree. We think it’s very romantic. Disag reement shows that we set down and talked and really try to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage because people don’t talk about what they want. That’s right. When we disagree about something, we workout solution. That’s good for both of us. I’d much rather do that than get some romantic gifts like flowers or candy.Man: Some of these rules sound like, well, a business agreement. Many of your rules concern money in some way, even the rules about having children.Woman: In our experience, disagreements about money can cause a lot of problems, so we talked about how we want to spend our money and put that in the agreement as well.Man: So do you spend a lot of time checking on each other to see if the rules are being followed? Woman: No, not at all. And we don’t argue about them, either. As a matter of fact I think we spend less time arguing than most couples. Because we both know what the other person expects. We can spend our time doing things we enjoy and just being with each other.Man: What happens if one of you breaks the rule.？Woman: We don’t think that will be a problem. No, becaus e we do agree on these rules.Man: But what if, say, you don’t want to cook di nner one night, what happens?Woman: Well, we talk about it and reach a compromise. Maybe there’s a good reason.Man: But if you break a lot of rules all the time?Woman: Then we have to ask ‘Is this marriage really working?’ Because if we can’t follow all our own agreement. There’s no point making it.Man: So it sounds like you two are happy with this agreement. Do you think other couples should follow your example and write the prenuptial agreement of their own?Woman: “So a lot of work to write an agreement, but I think it could be useful to a lot of people. Maybe there would be fewer divorces if everyone did this.Questions:11. About which of the following topics is the woman been interviewed?12. What can we learn about the man and the woman from the interview?13. According to the woman, why did so many problems happen in a marriage?14. What does the woman think of this contract?15. What happens if one of the couple sometimes breaks a rule of the contract?Listening Comprehension 4Question 16-20 are based on the following talk.Different cultures often have entirely different perceptions of time. The cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall popularized the idea that cultures use time and view time in very different ways. The idea of the past, present and future and the whole concept of scheduling or managing time can be so different that it leads to cross-cultural miscommunications. In his 1990 book，The Dance of Life, Hall writes time is one of the fundamental bases, on which all cultures rest, and around which all activities revolve. Understanding the difference between monochronic time and polychronic time is essential to success. Hall's notion of monochronism and polychronism can be understood as follows: monochronic time is linear, events scheduled one at a time, one event following another. To a monochronic culture, this type of schedule is valued over interpersonal relationships.On the other hand, polychronic time is characterized by many things happening simultaneously. In addition, interpersonal relationships are highly valued in polychronic cultures. Hall's theory is that monochronic time can be found primarily in North American and northern European cultures. These cultures emphasize schedules, punctuality and preciseness. They also emphasize doing things. They are cultures that value productivity, that value getting things done on time. They view time as something that can be lost, killed or wasted. Or conversely, they view as something that can or should be managed, planed and used efficiently. Polychronic time, on the other hand, can be found primarily in Latin American, African, and Native American cultures. Their conception of time is more connected to natural rhythms. It is connected to the earth, to the seasons. This makes sense when we consider that natural events can occur spontaneously, sporadically or concurrently. Polychronic cultures view time as being somewhat flexible. Since life isn't so predictable, scheduling and being processed simply isn't that important. In addition, relationships with people are valued more than making schedules. There is more value placed on being than on doing.Different cultural perceptions of time can lead to conflict, especially in the business world. The idea of being late versus on time for a meeting, for example, might differ widely between anAmerican business person and a Brazilian. The American business person might be far less tolerant of a Brazilian's late arrival. However, the Brazilian business person might be offended by an American's insistence on punctuality, or on getting right down to business. The Brazilian would generally prefer to finish talking with colleagues first and would not want to cut conversation short in order to make an appointment. Some traditional time management programs used in the business world might not translate well in another culture. Traditional time management programs in the business world emphasize to-do-list and careful scheduling. They are monochronic. However, a business in a polychronic culture might not adjust well to that system. Companies, who impose those monochronic systems on places of business in polychronic cultures, might be guilty of ethno-centrism, which means making their own ethnical cultural values central and not valuing other values. Edward Hall's theory of monochronic and polychronic cultures has been challenged by some critics. Some people think it is overly general. They argue that within any culture group we might find people who think of time differently.In other words, a primarily polychronic culture might have both monochronic and polychronic types of people. The same diversity among individuals might be found in a primarily monochronic culture. Critics of anthropologist like Edward Hall feel that it is more useful to think of time differences among individuals, not just between culture groups.Questions:16. Which of the following topics is the person talking about?17. What can we learn about Monochronism from the cultural anthropologist Edward T Hall?18. Which of the following statements apply to Polychronism according to Edward Hall?19. In the business world, who would prefer to finish talking with colleagues before keeping an appointment?20. Edward Hall's theory has been challenged by some critics. What do these critics think of his theory?【上半场阅读理解第一篇】Congress began 2010 with a bad case of legislative déjàvu. Last year, it approved a $787billion stimulus package meant to "create or save" millions of jobs. President Obama says the stimulus has saved or created as many as 2 million jobs so far. But even if that highly optimistic figure is true, in the real world, over 3 million jobs have been lost since the stimulus was signed into law – a dismal feat all financed with enormous debt. Now Congress is working on another stimulus package, but they're calling it a jobs bill. In December, the House passed a $174 billion "Jobs for Main Street Bill" that would use federal dollars to fund job-creating infrastructure projects, while extending unemployment benefits. Sound familiar?Unemployment remains at about 10 percent and state unemployment insurance funds are running out of money. While the Obama administration works to artificially inflate the number of jobs, the unemployed face diminished opportunities and income security. By 2012, 40 state unemployment trust funds are projected to be empty, requiring $90 billion in federal loans to continue operating. Normally, state unemployment benefits pay jobless workers between 50 and 70 percent of their salaries for up to 26 weeks. But during this recession, Congress has extended those benefits four times. The result is that some workers can now claim benefits for 99 weeks. Now Congress may enact a record fifth extension. What would be wrong with that? Everything. The state-federal unemployment insurance program (UI) is an economic drag on businesses and states. And it's a poor safety net for the unemployed.UI, a relic of the Great Depression, fails workers when they need it most. UI trust funds depend on a state-levied payroll tax on employers. During boom years, these funds are generally flush. But during recessions, they can get depleted quickly. The bind is that to replenish their UI fund, states have to raise payroll taxes. That hurts the bottom line for businesses both large and small. Passed on to workers as a lower salary, high payroll taxes discourage businesses from hiring. During steep recessions, states face a fiscal Catch-22: Reduce benefits or raise taxes. To date, 27 states have depleted their UI funds and are using $29 billion in federal loans they'll have to start repaying in 2011. Other states are slashing benefits. While federal guidelines recommend that states keep one year's worth of unemployment reserves, many states entered the recession already insolvent. When federal loans are exhausted, the only option left is higher payroll taxes – a move sure to discourage hiring and depress salaries.The increasingly small and uncertain payouts of UI are the opposite of income security. Theeffect of UI's eight-decade experiment has been to condition workers to save less for a "rainy day" and instead rely on a system that provides no guarantee. UI limits personal responsibility to save; gradually, individuals find themselves in financial peril. Real reform requires putting employees in charge with individual private accounts and getting the government out of the business of creating illusionary safety nets.Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA), by contrast, give workers control of their own income, eliminating the negative effects of the UI program on businesses and budgets. Adopted by Chile in 2003, UISAs are also financed via a payroll tax on individual workers and employers. The difference is the money is directly deposited into the individual worker's account. Basically a form of forced savings, UISAs allow individuals to draw on their own accounts during periods of unemployment and roll unused funds into their savings upon retirement. With the burden reduced on employers, wages rise, leading to greater contributions to the individual's fund. The federal government is removed from the picture, and all workers are guaranteed a savings account upon retirement.UISAs liberate workers from uncertainty and improve incentives. When unemployed workers must rely on their own funds rather than the common fiscal pool, they find jobs faster. Congress's repeated extensions of the current UI program may be well intended, but they may also be counterproductive. Like any deadline extension, additional jobless benefits diminish the job seeker's urgency, all at taxpayers' expense.Today, expanded UI benefits mean higher state payroll taxes, which make it harder for employers to expand hiring or raise wages. UISAs, on the other hand, make the payroll tax on business part of the employer's investment in an individual worker, rather than a penalty for doing business. In 2010, it's time to say goodbye to the problems created by broken policies. Congress should start this decade with a promise for true economic freedom: Let businesses create jobs and let workers keep what they've earned.【上半场阅读理解第二篇】LIKE the space telescope he championed, astronomer Lyman Spitzer faced some perilousmoments in his career. Most notably, on a July day in 1945, he happened to be in the Empire State building when a B-25 Mitchell bomber lost its way in fog and crashed into the skyscraper 14 floors above him. Seeing debris falling past the window, his curiosity got the better of him, as Robert Zimmerman recounts in his Hubble history, The Universe in a Mirror. Spitzer tried to poke his head out the window to see what was going on, but others quickly convinced him it was too dangerous.Spitzer was not the first astronomer to dream of sending a telescope above the distorting effects of the atmosphere, but it was his tireless advocacy, in part, that led NASA to launch the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Initially jubilant, astronomers were soon horrified to discover that Hubble's 2.4-metre main mirror had been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was only off by 2.2 micrometres, this badly blurred the telescope's vision and made the scientists who had promised the world new images and science in exchange for $1.5 billion of public money the butt of jokes. The fiasco, inevitably dubbed "Hubble Trouble" by the press, wasn't helped when even the limited science the crippled Hubble could do was threatened as its gyroscopes, needed to control the orientation of the telescope, started to fail one by one.By 1993, as NASA prepared to launch a rescue mission, the situation looked bleak. The telescope "probably wouldn't have gone on for more than a year or two" without repairs, says John Grunsfeld, an astronaut who flew on the most recent Hubble servicing mission. Happily, the rescue mission was a success. Shuttle astronauts installed new instruments that corrected for the flawed mirror, and replaced the gyroscopes. Two years later, Hubble gave us the deepest ever view of the universe, peering back to an era just 1 billion years after the big bang to see the primordial building blocks that aggregated to form galaxies like our own.The success of the 1993 servicing mission encouraged NASA to mount three more (in 1997, 1999 and 2002). Far from merely keeping the observatory alive, astronauts installed updated instruments on these missions that dramatically improved Hubble's power. It was "as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you back a Lear jet," says Steven Beckwith, who from 1998 to 2005 headed the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, where Hubble's observations are planned. Along the way, in 1998, Hubble's measurements of supernovas in distant galaxies unexpectedly revealed that the universe is expanding at anever-increasing pace, propelled by a mysterious entity now known as dark energy. In 2001 the space observatory also managed to make the first measurement of a chemical in the atmosphere of a planet in an alien solar system.Despite its successes, Hubble's life looked like it would be cut short when in 2004, NASA's then administrator Sean O'Keefe announced the agency would send no more servicing missions to Hubble, citing unacceptable risks to astronauts in the wake of the Columbia shuttle disaster of 2003, in which the craft exploded on re-entry, killing its crew. By this time, three of Hubble's gyroscopes were already broken or ailing and no one was sure how long the other three would last. Citizen petitions and an outcry among astronomers put pressure on NASA, and after a high-level panel of experts declared that another mission to Hubble would not be exceptionally risky, the agency reversed course, leading to the most recent servicing mission, in May 2009.No more are planned. The remainder of the shuttle fleet that astronauts used to reach Hubble is scheduled to retire by the year's end. And in 2014, NASA plans to launch Hubble's successor, an infrared observatory called the James Webb Space Telescope, which will probe galaxies even further away and make more measurements of exoplanet atmospheres.According to Grunsfeld, now STScI's deputy director, plans are afoot for a robotic mission to grab Hubble when it reaches the end of its useful life, nudging it into Earth's atmosphere where most of it would be incinerated. Only the mirror is sturdy enough to survive the fall into an empty patch of ocean.But let's not get ahead of ourselves - Hubble is far from finished. The instruments installed in May 2009, including the Wide Field Camera 3, which took this image of the Butterfly nebula, 3800 light years away, have boosted its powers yet again. It might have as much as a decade of life left even without more servicing. "It really is only reaching its full stride now, after 20 years," says Grunsfeld.A key priority for Hubble will be to explore the origin of dark energy by probing for it at earlier times in the universe's history. Hubble scientist Malcolm Niedner of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is not willing to bet on what its most important discovery will be. "More than half of the most amazing textbook-changing science to emerge from this telescope occurred in areas we couldn't even have dreamed of," he says. "Expect the。

9月英语高级口译真题+答案(2)

9月英语高级口译真题+答案(2)SECTION 2: READING TEST （30 minutes）Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C）or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to hav e much. They say thatby instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure t hat conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor a t Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a re search scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for thedisappearance of drive in some kids. “These program s shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkua l, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF （Inventing the Future）, which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.（B）How a baby learns to walk and talk.（C）Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.（D）Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.（A）stimulating them to build up self-confidence（B）cultivating the attitude of risk taking（C）enlarging the areas for children to succeed（D）making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?（A）A sudden lack of motivation is attribute d to the student’s failure.（B）Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.（C）Looking smart is more important for young people at school.（D）To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” （para.3）most probably means capable of being ________.（A）altered and developed（B）blocked and impaired（C）sharpened and advanced（D）replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” （para.4）can be paraphrased as ________.（A）to free them of the idea（B）to help them understand the idea（C）to imbue them with the notion（D）to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6-10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act （COPA）, but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment-to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics-the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform it s test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. （The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.）Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the re quest has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the oppositionhas said all along-you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the pr oper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is _________.（A）to protect national security（B）to help protect personal freedom（C）to monitor Internet pornography（D）to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”（para.2）required byDOJ as it believes that ________.（A）it is not involved in the court case（B）users’ privacy is most important（C）the government has violated the First Amendment（D）search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence“the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” （para.3）can be replaced by _________.（A）maximized to（B）minimized to（C）returned to（D）reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”（para.4）, the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.（A）counterattack the opposition（B）lead to blocking of porn sites（C）provide evidence to disprove the case（D）give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” （para.5）, the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.（A）a friend or relative showing much concern（B）a colleague who is much more experienced（C）a dominating and all-powerful ruling power（D）a benevolent and democratic organization。