英语人教版九年级全册主动语态与被动语态

主动语态与被动语态
一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

●二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
●三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:
●1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked
●2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked●3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked
●4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked
●5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked
●6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked
7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked
8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked
9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked
10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked
11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked
12. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词
●四. 用法：
●当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出
谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

五. 方法：
●Many people speak English.(主动语态)
●English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题：
● A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for
用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.
用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.
●eg.
●1. Mary gave him some books.
●He was given some books by Mary.
●Some books were given to him by Mary.
●2. Her father bought her a new bike.
●She was bought a new bike by her father.
● A new bike was bought for her by her father.
●B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

●eg. 1. We call him Gina.
●He is called Gina (by us).
● 2. They made me happy.
●I was made happy( by them).
● 3. He asked me to come here.
●I was asked to come here (by him)●C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。

●eg.
●1. We saw them play football just now.
●They were seen to play football just now.
2. We often hear her sing in English.
●She is often heard to sing in English.
●D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。

eg.
●1. People often talk about that film.
●That film is often talked about.
●2. We should speak to the old people politely.
●The old people should be spoken to politely.
E. 主动形式表示被动意义的词：
●1）某些感官动词:
●look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound, etc.
●2）某些及物动词+副词：
● wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, shut, keep,
●etc.
● 1. This coat feels soft.
● 2. The pen writes smoothly.
● 3. That book sells well.
● 4. This kind of shirt washes easily.
●F. 只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。

●eg. happen
●What was happened? ×
●What has happened? √●What is happening? √●G. 若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为by的宾语。

●eg. Our village opened a new school last year.
● A new school was opened in our village last year.
●H. 若主动句的谓语动词是know变为被动语态时，应将其变为be known to，而不能变为be known by。

● eg. People all over the world know the Great Wall.
●The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.
●I. 若主动句的主语是nobody, no one等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody, anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。

● eg. Nobody can answer this question.
●This question can not be answered by anybody.
一.句型转换 1. A large number of people speak French in Paris.
●French ____ ______ ____a large number of people in Paris.
2. My cousin repaired the broken watch.
●The broken watch ____ _____ _____my cousin.
●3. We should plant the trees around the lake.
●The trees _____ _____ ______around the lake.
●4. My aunt gave me a present on my birthday.
●I ____ _____a present by my aunt on my
birthday.
A present _____ ____ _____me by my aunt on my birthday.。