清华大学设计学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析
清华考博辅导：清华大学艺术学理论考博难度解析及经验分享
清华考博辅导：清华大学艺术学理论考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知全国34所开设艺术学理论专业的大学参与了排名，其中排名第一的是北京大学，排名第二的是东南大学，排名第三的是清华大学。
作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，美术学院的艺术学理论一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第三。
下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学艺术学理论考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍清华大学艺术学理论是属于清华大学美术学院，艺术学理论是对艺术的门类很多，形式、样式和题材、体裁的纷繁决定了它的多样性，并不断地推陈出新。
在音乐，美术、舞蹈，戏剧与戏曲、电影与电视以及曲艺与杂技等艺术门类中，如何对创作，设计、表演、演奏的纷繁现象作整体性的观照，区别其个性与共性，将其共性归纳和构建完整的体系，解释艺术的性质与特点，艺术的发生与发展，艺术的功能和社会作用，艺术在文化中的定位，以及艺术自身的种种问题，使之纳入人文科学和社会科学的轨道，是艺术学科的主要任务。
本学科与相邻的二级学科，诸如音乐学，美术学、艺术设计学、舞蹈学、电影学、广播电视艺术学、戏剧戏曲学等都有广泛、密切的联系。
清华大学美术学院艺术学理论专业在博士招生方面，划分为1个研究方向：130100 艺术学理论博士研究方向：01 艺术学理论研究此专业实行申请考核制。
二、考试内容清华大学艺术学理论专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试+英语口语构成。
其中，综合考核内容为:综合考核形式为面试。
每位考生约30分钟，满分100分。
面试重点考查申请人在本学科攻读博士学位的专业基础知识、基本素养、学术能力、学术志趣和英语水平(或日语、俄语水平)等。
综合考核安排在九月中下旬，具体时间另行通知。
三、时间安排1.博士生申请在每年的8-9月和11月。
2.直博生（包括夏令营拟录取的直博生）、硕博连读生及部分9月份招收普博生的院系8-9月申请，9月中下旬考试录取，见当年招生简章及目录、招生说明、直博直硕招生要求。
艺研院博士真题答案解析
艺研院博士真题答案解析艺研院博士真题一直是各位考生备战艺研博士入学考试的重要参考资料。
这些真题旨在帮助考生了解考试形式和内容，为他们在实际考试中取得优异成绩提供指导。
在本文中，我们将对一些常见的艺研院博士真题进行详细解析，希望能给考生提供一些有用的参考和启示。
一、语言类真题解析在语言类真题中，最常见的题型为阅读理解和写作。
阅读理解部分要求考生根据提供的文章内容回答问题，而写作部分则需要考生展开论述并以自己的观点为支撑。
对于阅读理解部分，一般来说，答案可以在文章中找到明确的依据。
然而，有时候考题可能会出现一些选项中包含的信息改变了文章中的某些观点或表述。
在这种情况下，考生需要审题仔细，同时结合上下文的语境进行推断。
在解答题目时，可以提炼出文章主旨，并在具体题目中找出与之相关的信息点进行匹配。
对于写作部分，考生需要根据所给的题目进行论述。
在展开论述时，应注意逻辑顺序和思维的连贯性。
建议考生先列出论点和论据，在文章开头明确表明自己的观点，并在正文中用合理的论据加以支撑。
此外，还可以运用一些合适的衔接词和段落划分，使文章整体结构清晰、层次分明。
二、美术类真题解析艺研院博士美术类真题包括素描、色彩、速写等多个方面。
这些题目旨在考察考生的观察力、创意和绘画技巧。
对于素描题，考生需要根据所给的题目或场景进行创作。
在进行素描时，考生应注意细节的表现，如光影、质感、透视等。
同时，还需要注意构图和比例的把握，使作品更加协调美观。
此外，线条的运用也是非常重要的，考生可以尝试运用不同类型的线条和笔触展现出丰富的表现力。
对于色彩题，考生需要根据所给的题目或场景进行配色。
在进行配色时，考生需要考虑色彩的明度、饱和度和对比度等要素。
同时，还可以尝试采用一些色彩搭配的原则，如互补色、类似色等，以营造出特定的氛围和效果。
对于速写题，考生需要根据所给的题目或场景进行快速写生。
在进行速写时，考生可以先构建整体的轮廓框架，再逐渐添加细节，注意捕捉主题的特征和动态。
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he wouldarrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a__________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy asmaller space, the air is said tobe__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by InternationalDevelopment Enterprises uses pipesto collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a-flush”device two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “firstmade of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.device. It protects the water inside the tank fromA fitted cover sits over the “first-flush”evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside anotherplastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank.All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two tothree years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family offive with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railwaytrain up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaningof the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, heloses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving thisco-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles isany indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves aser.“Jewish” when they get oldThat survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixeda professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which marriage families.” Linda Sax iswas conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identityspecifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point whyin-depth about their feelings about their that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get morereligion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with thatin mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's anexperience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy shouldguarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, saysMancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at theUniversity of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, butOlson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth.comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countriesdo not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, relymostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as themass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is oftencalled capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not haverights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,individuals may have possessions, theargues. “There is no private property without government—way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends aprivate right to that possession against other private parties and against the government aswell.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system thatwill make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developednations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bankwould not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loancontracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communistcountries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods producedrather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point ofview, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of thesecountries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to刺generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at leastsome economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart ⅣCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But forthe people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and theydo not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy.I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was thesort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bedimmediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the t itle of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Lif e and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解
清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C andD* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generatingever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while atthe same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)*When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual reportback in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on ametric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completelydifferent~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price becauseeach share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheersize slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earningsper share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book valuewas $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earningsper share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain ofnearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased, from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's sharerepurchase program.16. This passage is probably a part of ?A. Find Hidden Value in the MarketB. Become RicherC. Get Good BargainsD. Identify Good Companies17. The italicized word“stagnant'，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ?A. prominentB. terribleC. unchangedD. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lowerprice because .A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerfulit has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyC.D. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ?A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.C Both businesses have continued to grow^ D. The stock price has greatly decreased20. According to the author，one had better ?buy more shares when the stock price falls down A.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downB.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down C.invest in the business when its stock price falls down D.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）and self-centered than their predecessors, ac?cording to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend couldbe harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.u We need to stop endlessly repeating ‘You're special' and having children repeat that back”，said the study's lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University, “Kids areself-centered enough al?ready “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he saidThe study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that areshort-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，，. Twenge, the author of “GenerationMe：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled~and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteerwork But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schoolsrequire community service %and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the com?petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on careerstatus* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader said “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the wayof other things like relationships”.Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “People are worried about themselves—^but in the senseof where are they're go?ing to find a place in the world”，she said “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world”；Dalane said.，Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome“It would be more depressing if people answered, 4 No, I'm not special，，，?21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may -，A. hate criticismB. be dishonest to his/her partnerC, be unwilling to help others D；All the above22. The italicized word “commended”(line 1, Para. 3) meansA. praisedB. criticized C recommended D. disfavored23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.24. It is implied that ?A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college students are pessimistic about their future25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m special'A. objectiveB. pessimistic C optimistic D. worriedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries* 4iThe Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂majorityof vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”，said the National Associa?tion of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill Straczewski says elimina?ting thesecret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal em?ployer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot wouldnot be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out ofthe hands of the em?ployers. “On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference be?tween night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the HarrisCounty Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration wouldbe in effect for 2 years，a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “I don，t see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract”? said StraczewskiThe bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts fromunwilling em?ployers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004，45 percent of newly farmed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees- As it stands，the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.26* Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. House bill aipis to spur labor union growth.B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth,C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employmentD. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees，income.27. According to its opponents, the bill .A. will protect employees，rightsB. will benefit workers by binding contractsC. will empower unions too muchD. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28. The word “it”(line 4，Para 5) refers to ?A. the changeB. the legislation C the AFL-CIO D. the difference29. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries*B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level.C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can，t be agreed oa between cently estabUshed union and a company,D. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees.30. It is implied that ?A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past workers' coercion often comes from unionsC. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many pe叩le，s views on race，history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans whohave shaped soci?ety and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learningto fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself Six years later, he wasan Olympic boxing champion，going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became knownas much for his swagger (耻髙气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it，converting to Islamin 1965，changing his name to Muhammad Ali ￡uid refusing to join the U- S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath?letic career ended and he developed Parkinson'seven lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful，diseasevirtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks*W. E. B, Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868，this Massachusetts native wasone of the most prominent，prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic，activist and historian，Du Bois co?founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),edited “The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk”，published in 1903，he predicted “the problem of 20th century [ would be] the problem of the color-line”.Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jn is considered one of the most powerful and pop?ular leaders of the American civil tights movement He spearheaded(带头；作先锋）a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches，sit-ins，boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes to?ward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965, Interestin the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie “Malcolm X”was releasedJackie Robinson in 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, be?coming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement frombaseball in 1957，he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962，he became thefirst African-American to be in?ducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.31. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A. He never served in the army.He learned to fight at an early age.C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D. He loves peace.32. The italicized word “prolific”(line 2, Par a 3) is synonymous to ?A, smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering33. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A, W. E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U. Sz major baseball leagues throughout his life.C Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deatL34. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognizedB. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A. Life of famous African AmericansB. Influence of famous African AmericansC. Political pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsD. Cultursd pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsPart m Vocabulary (10%)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four：Directionschoices mariced A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36- The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to the weight of the building.A. subsideB. idealizeC. initiate D, sustain37. The actress was very at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference. A, extraterrestrial B. explicit C. indignant D. innovative38* It is known to all that children in this region have strong to swimming in summer because of the hot weather ?A. inclinationB. exposure39. The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.A. implementB. deceiveC. exemplifyD. ignited40. These samples have to be in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.A. mmiersedB. crispedC. armoredD. arrayed41. Her talk at the seminar clearly from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.A. alternated B, amplified C. designated D. diverged42. Three years before he returned home from the United States.A. denbtedB. destinedC. elapsedD. enveloped43. A plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A. deliberateB. disincentiveC. functionalD. fantastic44. Sometimes in drawing and designing, the sign X the unknown number.A, facilitates B. fascinates C. denotes D. jots45. The speaker was very much by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.A. jerkedB. incensedC. lacedD. limped46. The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethal C metric D. cordial47.The doctor's was that she should go and see the specialist in this fieldA. constraintB. counselC. coherenceD. consciousness48.The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A- unanimous B. abstract C. autonomous D. almighty49. They need to move to new and large apgtfttnents. Do you know of any ones in this area?A. evacuatedB. emptyC. vacantD. vacate50. The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.A. decomposed B_ denounced C. detached D. deduced51. The government decided to take a action to strengthen the market managementA. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic52. The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to itA. disgraceB. disguiseC. defyD. distress53. They admitted that they shared the same on the matter.A. potentialityB. sentimentC. postscriptD. subscriptionwith him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.54. We cannot beA. peckedB. reconciledC. perturbedD. presumed55. Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region.A. tugged B_ demolished C. hampered D. destroyedPart IV Cloze (10%)：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices Directions，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the marked A, Bcorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fractionof the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be 56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries —Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in thePacific —would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding,possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the63 plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warmingwould also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops. Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with ityellow fever, malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 . Therewill be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some oftoday's colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The naturalsystems —both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must doeverything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.56. A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered57. A. which B. where C. when D. what58. A. dislocation B. discontent C. distribution D. distinction59. A. rebuking B. rambling C resulting D. rallying60. A. Increased B. Reduced C. Expanded D. Saddened61. A. inland B. coastal C. urban D. suburban62. A. dry-land B. mountain C. wetlands D. forest63. A. unique B. precious C. interesting D. exciting64. A, geologically B. adversely C. secretively D. seriallyD. fuseC. grease B. generate 65. A. shift66. A. hiking B. hugging C. attacking D. activatingD. enlarge C. adhere 67. A. endanger B. accommodateD. interests B. values C. effects 68. A. profitsD. evolution B. accommodation C. surroundings 69. A. conditionsD. profits C. adoptions B. benefits 70. A. adjustmentsD. create B. abuse C. advocate 71. A. alternateD. ambient 72. A. accidental C. anniversary B. habitableD. assert73. A. adapt B. alleviate C. agitateD. anticipated C. consoled 74. A. ascertained B. conformedD. reflected B. relayed 75. A. tutored C. triggeredPart V Translation from ￡i^lish into Chmese(10%)Directions ：Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy andhuman well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumerservices as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production.But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtainingand exploiting it, but also environmental and so?ciopolitical impacts—detract from well-being.For most of human history，the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organiza- tions for harvesting，converting，and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience，deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970，s，then，represented a turning point After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable thatexcessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to thinkthat expan?ding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.Part VI Writii电(请将作文写在答题纸上）（1S%)Directions：You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarismin Aca?demic Field in China You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinesebelow Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。
清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析讲解
清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together.As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries willhave to get over their outdated anti-coloni a l prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a societyin the United States.When the United States built its industrials infrastructure,it didn't have the capital to do so.And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, barbors,highways,ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you're going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_________.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_________.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital's control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on_________.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations名师解析25.Digital divide is something_______.数字鸿沟是______。
清华考博辅导：清华大学美术学院考博难度解析经验分享1
清华考博辅导：清华大学美术学院考博难度解析及经验分享清华大学美术学院2019 年博士研究生招生实行“申请―审核”制，符合《清华大学2019 年招收攻读博士学位研究生简章》中报考条件的申请人提交相关材料，依据考生申请材料的综合评价结果确定差额综合考核名单，经综合考核后择优推荐拟录取。
强军计划、少数民族骨干计划、论文博士等采取相同的办法同时进行。
一、院系简介清华大学美术学院设有染织服装艺术设计系、陶瓷艺术设计系、视觉传达设计系、环境艺术设计系、工业设计系、信息艺术设计系、绘画系、雕塑系、工艺美术系、艺术史论系、基础教研室等11个教学单位；综合办公室、教务办公室、科研办公室、国际合作与交流办公室、学生与校友事务办公室、离退休人员事务办公室等职能部门；培训中心、清华大学艺术与设计实验教学中心、《装饰》杂志社等单位；清华大学艺术与科学研究中心等4个校级研究中心，另有35个研究所。
设有25个本科专业方向，具有“艺术学理论”、“美术学”、“设计学”一级学科博士学位授予权，并设有博士后科研流动站。
现有（截止2016年10月）教师198人，其中正高（教授、研究员）72人，副高（副教授、副研究员、高级工程师）101人，中级（讲师、助理教授）24人，助教1人。
拥有长江学者2人，国家级教学名师2人，北京市教学名师7人，国家级精品课7门，国家级教学成果奖6项以及多项省部级、北京市、清华大学各类奖项。
现有本科生1108人（其中留学生113人），研究生849人（其中博士生170人，留学生25人）。
学术刊物有《装饰》杂志、《艺术与科学》丛刊、《清华美术》丛刊、《学院雕塑》杂志（雕塑系）。
二、招生信息清华大学美术学院博士招生专业有3个：130100 艺术学理论研究方向：01 艺术学理论研究130400 美术学研究方向：01 美术学理论研究130500 设计学研究方向：01 设计学理论研究三、招考条件1. 拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正;2. 硕士研究生毕业或已获硕士学位的人员、应届硕士毕业生(最迟须在入学前毕业或取得硕士学位)可申请普通博士生;本校二、三年级非定向就业在读硕士生已按学科培养方案的要求学完全部硕士学位课程并完成开题、各科成绩优秀，经导师同意可申请硕博连读生;应届本科毕业生符合推荐免试条件可申请直博生;3.身体健康状况符合规定的体检标准，心理健康;4.有两位与申请学科有关的副教授(或相当职称)以上的专家推荐;5.论文博士生申请人一般应为获硕士学位后有五年以上实际工作经历者，以及个别获学士学位后有八年以上实际工作经历的优秀人才;在本人所从事的学科或专门技术上取得了优异成绩，在国内外核心刊物或重要学术会议上发表过一定数量的研究论文或作为主要完成人获得过国家级、省部级科技成果奖励;具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力，已作出有创新性的成果，基本达到或接近博士学位水平;6.工程博士专业学位的申请人具体要求详见《清华大学创新领军工程博士项目二期(2019年)招生简章》;7.教育博士专业学位的申请人应具有硕士学位、有5年以上教育及相关领域全职工作经历、具有相当成就和较强研究能力的各级各类学校管理人员;8.对以同等学力身份申请的人员，还必须同时具备下列条件：1)获得学士学位后在所要申请专业、学科或相近的领域工作六年及以上(从获得学士学位到博士生入学之日)，并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员;2)已修完所申请专业的硕士学位课程及选修课程且成绩合格(须提供授课单位的成绩证明);3)已在所要申请的学科或相近的研究领域的全国核心期刊上发表过2篇以上的学术论文(以第一或第二作者)，或获得省、部级以上与申请学科相关的科技成果奖励(排名前五名);9.只有学位证书而无毕业证书的专业学位申请人在资格审查时必须已获硕士学位，否则按同等学力对待;10.申请人持境外获得的学位证书申请，须通过教育部留学服务中心认证，资格审查时须提交认证报告;11. 申请人须承诺学历、学位证书和所提交报名材料的真实性，一经招生单位或认证部门查证为不属实，即取消学习资格。
清华大学设计学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析
清华大学设计学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析一、专业的设置清华大学美术学院每年招收博士生27人，含深圳研究生院1名，美术学院不接收非脱产考生。
下设艺术学理论、美术学、设计学三个专业。
设计学专业下设一个方向，史习平、林乐成、李正安、何洁、杨冬江、马泉、李当岐、严扬、王建中、吴冠英、宋立民、黄维、韩美林的设计学理论研究，马泉、李当岐、严扬教授不招收少数民族骨干计划，黄维教授为深圳研究生院导师，不招收少数民族骨干计划。
韩美林导师的课不要笔试，初试为材料审核，考生需提前准备个人作品集（规格为16开），连同其他报名材料一同提交。
审核通过者方可参加综合考试。
综合考试为专业论文和面试，面试含专业设计（手绘）。
不招收少数民族骨干计划。
二、考试的科目设计学：①101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语②609专业基础③501综合考试。
三、导师介绍史习平，1985年毕业于原中央工艺美术学院工业设计系，获文学学士学位。
后留校任教，先后承担造型基础、立体设计表达、产品设计、展示设计、论文写作等课程的教学工作。
展示设计专业学科带头人，1997年被聘为清华大学美术学院副教授，2006年被聘为清华大学教授，现任清华大学教授、博士生导师。
主要学术兼职：中国工艺美术学会展示委员会常务理事，北京八大艺术院校教育教学北京市高等教育研究会艺术教育研究分会理事，第十六届广州亚运会开闭幕式艺术指导，2012年韩国丽水世博会国际评委、2010年上海世博会北京展区及山西场馆设计评审。
林乐成，清华大学美术学院教授,中国工艺美术学会纤维艺术委员会会长，中国工艺美术大师评审委员，中国设计贡献成就奖得主。
获过多项奖项，拥有众多著述及科研成果，承担多项课程。
李正安，男，清华大学美术学院教授。
主要担任课程有：陶瓷造型基础、陶瓷现代设计史、陶瓷设计、毕业设计、毕业论文。
同时还担任硕士生与博士生导师。
著有《陶瓷的现代设计》、《中国陶瓷艺术图典》、《外国陶瓷艺术图典》等书籍。
清华考博辅导：清华大学建筑学院考博难度解析经验分享
清华考博辅导：清华大学建筑学院考博难度解析及经验分享清华大学建筑学院2019 年博士研究生招生实行“申请―审核”制，符合《清华大学2019 年招收攻读博士学位研究生简章》中报考条件的申请人提交相关材料，依据考生申请材料的综合评价结果确定差额综合考核名单，经综合考核后择优推荐拟录取。
强军计划、少数民族骨干计划、论文博士等采取相同的办法同时进行。
一、招生信息清华大学建筑学院博士招生专业有4个：081300 建筑学研究方向：01 建筑设计及其理论，02 建筑技术科学，03 城市设计及其理论，04 室内设计，05 建筑历史与理论，06 建筑遗产保护，07 建筑物理环境考试科目：01-04方向：①101 英语②201 建筑学理论③501 综合考试：1、专业面试（要求提供10 分钟自我介绍ppt，并提交有代表性作品和论文）；2、英语口试。
05-06方向：①101 英语②611 建筑历史③501 综合考试：1、专业面试（要求提供10 分钟自我介绍ppt，并提交有代表性作品和论文）；2、英语口试。
07方向：①101 英语②202 传热传质及工程热力学③501 综合考试：1、笔试（暖通空调基础和应用）+ +专业面试；2、英语口试。
081400 土木工程研究方向为：01 人工环境系统分析与控制，02 人工环境特征考试科目：①101 英语②202 传热传质及工程热力学③501 综合考试：1、笔试（暖通空调基础和应用）+ +专业面试；2、英语口试。
083300 城乡规划学研究方向为：01 城市历史与理论，02 城乡规划与设计，03 区域发展与城乡规划管理，04 住房与社区规划，05 城乡遗产保护规划。
06 城市设计，07 城乡规划技术科学考试科目：①101 英语②612 城乡规划理论③501 综合考试：1、专业面试（要求提供10 分钟自我介绍ppt，并提交有代表性作品和论文）；2、英语口试。
083400 风景园林学研究方向为：01 风景园林历史与理论，02 园林与景观设计，03 地景与生态规划，04 风景园林遗产保护考试科目：①101 英语②613 风景园林学理论③501 综合考试：1、专业面试(要求提供10 分钟自我介绍ppt，并提交有代表性作品和论文)；2、英语口试。
清华大学考博英语真题常见重点语法及其解析
清华大学考博英语真题常见重点语法及其解析一、用否定词表示否定结构常用的否定词有not，no，never，none，nothing，nobody，nowhere，neither，nor，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，rarely，little，few等，否定词置于句首时，句子要倒装，但否定的名词词组或代词作主语放在句首时，则不需要倒装。
例句：Nowhere do1980census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.(选自1998年Text4)分析：该句是简单句，nowhere置于句首引起倒装。
原句为：1980Census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living in nowhere more than the Far West.译文：1980年人口普查的统计数字淋漓尽致地表明，没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能凸显美国人想找寻更广阔的生存空间。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
例句：Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.(选自2006年Use of English)分析：该句是复合句，who are homeless是修饰Americans的定语从句。
译文：人们对美国无家可归者的人数并不能达成共识。
例句：Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement outof the snow belt，census officials says.(选自1998年Text4)分析：该句是简单句。
清华大学美术学院考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博
清华大学美术学院考博指导与分析一、清华大学美术学院考博资讯综合考试均为笔试+面试，笔试科目：专业论文（3小时），考生需上网查询导师具体研究课题等详细招生信息，网址：-招生信息。
美术学院不接收非脱产考生。
（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.130100艺术学理论研究方向01：艺术学理论研究。
导师分别是张夫也、尚刚、王敏。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向02：艺术学理论研究。
导师分别是李砚祖、李静杰。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向03：艺术学理论研究。
导师是陈池瑜。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或104德语或105法语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向04：艺术学理论研究。
导师分别是邹文、张敢。
考试的科目：（1）101英语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
2.130400美术学研究方向01：美术学理论研究。
导师分别是陈辉、李象群、曾成钢、冯远、苏士澍。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向02：美术学理论研究。
导师是魏小明。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向03：美术学理论研究。
导师是李睦。
考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或105法语（100%）。
（2）609专业基础（100%）。
（3）501综合考试（100%）。
研究方向04：美术学理论研究。
清华大学建筑学考博专业课知识点总结
谈谈你对目前中国建筑学教育的看法，有什么优缺点，为什么？有何建议？建筑学教育目标的误区中国的建筑学教育理念却还基本停留在当初计划经济时代：学生在校学习方案设计技能。
工程知识学习留给社会。
于是大学毕业生走进国营单位，成为大设计院的学徒工。
所以，在今天不断改革开放的中国建筑业领域，大量民营企业很难招到有相应专业知识和工作能力的成熟建筑师，大学毕业生事实上需要再培养。
不论是在专业知识方面还是在社会工作能力上。
而西方的大学早已把培养学生全过程的设计知识(包括建造知识)以及自主能力作为基本目标，如德国的大学建筑学旨在培养出“毕业后便能进行独立工作的成熟的专业人员”。
社会背景与观念的误区从“艺术与技术的结合”最后变成了艺术第一，从某一方面反映出建筑技术落后且不被重视的现状。
而在关于艺术的理解方面，1950年以来的中国审美标准明显受苏联以及法国近代文化的影响。
形式与尺度的准则占据了统治地位，北京城改建中的十大项目以天安门广场和长安街建设是那个时代的真实写照。
直到今天，这一准则还极大地影响着大规模的中国城市建设。
在西方建筑学教育普遍将工程知识放在首要地位的今天.中国的大学还沿袭替自己捡来的传统，训练大学生尝试若空中楼阁式建筑梦想。
中国的教学模式的误区建筑学学制从四年本科改为五年、4+2模式、工学学位提升为建筑学学位等等。
这些都没有改变建筑方案设计技能的训练占据统治地位，每学期两个方案设计的频率高强度但并非高深度，使学生丧失了独立思考与自主工作的时间和能力。
只能在时间节点的控制下以及教师一周两次手把手的辅导下疲于奔命方案构思。
同时，尽管在课程设里中工程技术知识始终占有一席之地，但在传统的观念中它们只是辅助课程，从未被理解为建筑设计中不可分离的组成部分。
方案设计教学代替了建筑设计教学的建筑设计概念，使缺乏专业技术的大学毕业生(包括未工作过的硕士研究生)一走进设计单位便成了学徒。
当今建筑教育的优点可举如开始重视与国际知名大学的长期合作交流，定期举行青年教师及学生的学术交流活动，邀请世界知名建筑师讲座等。
清华大学艺术学理论考博真题-参考书-状元经验
清华大学艺术学理论考博真题-参考书-状元经验一、专业的设置清华大学美术学院每年招收博士生27人，含深圳研究生院1名，美术学院不接收非脱产考生。
下设艺术学理论、美术学、设计学三个专业。
艺术学理论专业下设一个方向，尚刚、王敏、李砚祖、李静杰、邹文、张敢的艺术学理论研究。
李砚祖教授不招收少数民族骨干计划。
二、考试的科目艺术学理论：①101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语②609专业基础③501综合考试。
三、导师介绍尚刚，文学博士，博士生导师，院学术委员会主任。
研究方向：中国工艺美术史；学术主张：学术研究集中在中国工艺美术断代史，对南北朝至元，特别是元代和隋唐五代心得较多。
主张以尽可能全面的实物史料和文献史料互相补充、互相解说、互相阐发，以建设尽可能接近真实的中国工艺美术史。
期望在求真的基础上，努力求解，以对中国工艺美术的发展做出既有资料依据，又富学术深度的归纳。
学术成果：先后主持完成的科研项目有《魏晋南北朝工艺美术研究》（教育部课题）、《隋唐五代工艺美术研究》（全国艺术科学课题）、《清史·图录·文艺卷》（国家清史编篡委员会课题），现作为项目组主要成员，参与两项科研课题，其中，《中国现代手工艺的发展研究》为全国艺术科学重点项目。
科研与教学成果5次获得北京市、教育部、文化部政府奖励，负责的中国工艺美术史课程被评为国家精品课，先后被评为宝钢优秀教师和北京市教学名师。
发表学术文章约40篇，其中，论文逾10篇，出版著作十余种，其中，个人著作7种。
2010年个人专著《隋唐五代艺术美术史》获文化部中国文联和中国美协颁发的首届美术理论奖，又获第七届中国高校人文社会科学优秀成果三等奖。
王敏，教授，文学博士，博士生导师，兼任四川美术学院硕士生导师。
研究方向：艺术批评理论与实践。
研究对象包括艺术批评理论和批评实践，它包含两个方面：其一是批评史上和当代的艺术批评家在一定的时代文化背景下，运用一定的批评理论标准与方法，对艺术家、艺术作品、艺术思潮、艺术运动所作的探讨、分析、阐释和评价；其二是公共文化政策、艺术法律、美术馆机制与艺术展览策划的关系，以及策展人的角色、功能和策展模式。
清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解
清华大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 points)Section OneDirections:In this section you will hear some people talking about how their parents met each other and got married. Each of the conversations is followed by an interview with one of their parents about his or her marriage. Listen to the recording and answer the questions below with what you hear. You should use a short sentence or a phrase for each answer. You will hear the recording only once.1．How did Craig's parents meet each other?2．What was his father's first impression of his mother?What does he think now?He still thinks so.3．How did Dave's parents meet each other?4．What was his mother's first impression of his father?5．What does she think now?6．How did Sara's parents meet each other?7．What was her father's first impression of her mother?What does he think now?He still thinks so.8．How did Lisa's parents meet each other?9．What was her mother's first impression of her father?10．What does she think now?Section TwoDirections.. In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes below about the lecture. You will hear the recording only once.Lecture NotesLecture field/area:11．_______________________________________Lecture Topic/Theme: MemoryThree types of memory:12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________Three ways of measuring memory:15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________Three Techniques for remembering information:18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Part ⅡVocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21．Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition.A．equations B．playthings C．tools D．machinery22．My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position.A．symptom B．likeness C．habit D．tendency23．The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens.A．management B．magnificence C．magnetism D．magnification 24．The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A．sentiment B．sediment C．semester D．segment25．The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.A．harshness B．perturbation C．dismay D．pessimism26．Nowadays, the prescribed roles of t he man as “breadwinner” and the woman ashousewife are changing.A．ascribed B．prevalent C．original D．settled27．A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent” family.A．religious B．spiritual C．exclusive D．chief28．The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out.A．seriously B．dangerously C．continually D．incurably29．The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab right behind him.A．impolitely B．violently C．suddenly D．maladroitly30．Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her sisters and herself.A．original B．central C．subjunctive D．oriental31．Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works ______.A．industrially B．industriously C．consciously D．purposefully 32．I don't think it's sensible of you to ______ your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her.A．show up B．show off C．show out D．show away33．______, he did become annoyed with her at times.A．Much as he liked her B．As he liked her muchC．Although much he liked her D．Much although he liked her34．If we don't stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will ______.A．empowered B．punished C．polluted D．annihilated35．One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A．invent B．stimulate C．renovate D．advocate36．When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.A．took to B．took up C．took on D．took in37．In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills.A．appointed B．assembled C．acknowledged D．adapted 38．In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe ______ Europe into a bloody war.A．imposed B．plunged C．pitched D．inserted39．The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______.A．privileges B．efficiency C．revenues D．validity40．The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ______ again next spring.A．convention B．conference C．session D．assemblyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊)removed by surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient.In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon's movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problemincludes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.France Telecom's en gineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,” says Marescaux.The successful collaboration (合作)among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revolution” in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部)and thorax (胸腔)do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance—currently several meters in the operating room—could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.41．The title that best expresses the main idea is ______.A．How The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes OutB．The Telesurgery RevolutionC．A Patient Was SavedD．Dream Comes True42．The italicized word “telesurgery” (Para. 1, Sentence 2) can be best explained as ______.A．an operation done over a distanceB．an operation done on televisionC．an operation demanding special skillD．an operation demanding high technology43．How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?A．24 hours B．48 hoursC．about a week D．almost a month44．What is the major barrier to telesurgery?A．distance B．advanced technologyC．delay D．medical facilities45．The writer implies that ______.A．difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world nowB．compared to the “third revolution” in surgery, the first two are less importantC．all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operationD．a new breakthrough has been made in surgeryPassage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The multi-billion-dollar western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ,” said the UN's 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998．The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of ‘recreational’ drug use,” it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars—including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs—have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar tothe members of every household,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues—especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization—which encourages,rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says.Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.46．Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?A．The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B．The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond country boundaries.C．No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D．The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.47．The italicized phrase “under fire” (Para. 1, Sentence 1) means ______.A．in an urgent situationB．facing some problemsC．being criticizedD．quite popular48．Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?A．They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B．They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C．They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.D．They may stop abusing the drugs.49．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?A．The spreading of pop music.B．The media.C．Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D．The low price of some drugs.50．The pop music ______.A．has a great influence on young people of most culturesB．only appeals to a small number of young peopleC．is not a profitable industryD．is the only culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amusePassage ThreeQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operate.The steel pipe cresses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents”, long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $ 8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry.In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oilfields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages,equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.51．The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's ______.A．operating costs B．employeesC．consumers D．construction52．The word “it” (Para. 1, Sentence 3) refers to ______.A．pipeline B．oceanC．state D．village53．The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the ______.A．climateB．lay of the land itselfC．local vegetationD．kind of soil and rock54．How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?A．3．B．4．C．8．D．12．55．Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?A．How much oil field land each company owned.B．How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.C．How many people worked for each company.D．How many oil wells were located on the company's land.Passage FourQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,” she says, “People say, ‘Wasn't it frightening, joining such well-known presenters?' But everyone here is so down to earth. It would be off-putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star sings on their office doors. But there's none of that—Mick Brown, forinstance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else.”Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesn't pick her own music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldn't sound like Capital,” she says, “But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. It's great to hear the ‘behind the scenes' gossip.”Most people would expect that a presenter's most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence, but Margherita say that basic maths is handy as well.“You have to make sure that you've got an eye on everything that's going on in the studio,but you've got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds,” she says,“You're dealing with timed records, and with announcements and commercials that are also timed precisely, and you have to be ready to switch to the news at exactly the right second. If you're going over to a live event, you need to be ready, for that on time, not a second earlier or later.”This isn't the sort of girl to let the rock ‘n' roll lifestyle g o to her head. Even if she did her family would bring her down to earth. “When I started at Capital the only thing my brothers asked was whether they'd get free records,” she remembers, “And my mum couldn't even find the station on her radio.”Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going, but very much in control. She is so much a “Capital Radio girl” that you might think she is just doing a good job for the station's publicity, department, although you know what she's saying really comes from the heart. She smiles a lot, laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital.56．What does “that” (Para. 1, Sentence 5) refer to?A．The fame of the other presenters.B．Margherita's fear of the other staff.C．Self-important behaviour by the other presenters.D．Bad treatment of Margherita by the other staff.57．One point Margherita makes about her job is that ______.A．she has changed her attitude to musicB．she is unhappy that records she plays are chosen for herC．she likes most of the music that she plays on her showD．she enjoys talking to the people whose records she plays58．What does Margherita say about presenting a show?A．It is essential to keep in mind what is going to happen next.B．It is more complicated than she had previously thought.C．The ability to add and subtract is the most important requirement.D．The contend of a show is sometimes changed suddenly.59．How have Margherita's family reacted to her success?A．with cautionB．without interestC．with surpriseD．without excitement60．In the final paragraph, what does the author say about Margherita?A．She was different from what she had expected.B．She genuinely believes that Capital is a good radio station.C．She feels it necessary to talk about Capital Radio all the time.D．She has already changed her job at Capital radio.Part ⅣCloze (10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can 61 the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you. It may be an idea or a bit of information you 62 across accidentally—or a sudden 63 , fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal 64 are the “pay off” in education.A teacher may 65 you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That's 66 to you.A research paper, 67 in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, 68 you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a 69 where the joy of discover and learning can come to you many times. 70 the research paper is an active and individualprocess, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure 71 which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to 72 a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others 73 you can do. Waiting a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in 74 out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills 75 to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly 76 experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages often more than ever produced 77 , is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work 78 is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to 79 . Instead, consider it a goal to 80 , a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.61．A．exterminate B．impulse C．intervene D．exceed62．A．conform B．confront C．come D．console63．A．insight B．relaxation C．relay D．ingredient64．A．serials B．separations C．encounters D．segregations 65．A．help B．salute C．scrub D．direct66．A．here B．off C．up D．with67．A．assigning B．assigned C．lounged D．lounging68．A．litters B．intervenes C．jots D．leads69．A．process B．interface C．interpretation D．prosecution 70．A．Designing B．Designed C．Preparing D．Prepared 71．A．outside B．within C．without D．upon72．A．grease B．glare C．suffix D．suit73．A．which B．what C．how D．because74．A．searching B．supplementing C．popularizing D．polarizing 75．A．arrogant B．concise C．chronic D．applicable76．A．segmenting B．satisfying C．characterizing D．chartering 77．A．later B．beforehand C．afterwards D．before78．A．accordingly B．acceptably C．independently D．infinitely 79．A．overwork B．overcome C．lumber D．lull80．A．accelerate B．caution C．accomplish D．boycottPart ⅤWriting (20 points)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “My Aim for Doctoral Study” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1．你攻读博士学位的目标是______。
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解
清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C andD* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generatingever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while atthe same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual reportback in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on ametric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completelydifferent~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price becauseeach share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheersize slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36.10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earningsper share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book valuewas $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40.30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain ofnearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased, from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program.16. This passage is probably a part of ?A. Find Hidden Value in the MarketB. Become RicherC. Get Good BargainsD. Identify Good Companies17. The italicized word“stagnant'，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ?A. prominentB. terribleC. unchangedD. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lowerprice because .A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerfulit has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyC.D. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ?A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.C Both businesses have continued to grow^ D. The stock price has greatly decreased20. According to the author，one had better ?buy more shares when the stock price falls down A.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downB.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down C.invest in the business when its stock price falls down D.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）andself-centered than their predecessors, ac?cording to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend couldbe harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.u We need to stop endlessly repeating ‘You're special' and having children repeat that back”，said the study's lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State Un iversity, “Kids are self-centered enough al?ready “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he said The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to hav e romantic relationships that areshort-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，，. Twenge, the author of “Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled~and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteerwork But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schoolsrequire community service %and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the com?petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on careerstatus* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader said “I can se e goals and ambitions getting in the wayof other things like relationships”.Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “People are worried about themselves—^but in the senseof where are they're go?ing to find a place in the world”，she said “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world”；Dalane said.，Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome“It would be more depressing if people answered, 4 No, I'm not special，，，?21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may -，A. hate criticismB. be dishonest to his/her partnerC, be unwilling to help others D；All the above22. The italicized word “commended”(line 1, Para. 3) meansA. praisedB. criticized C recommended D. disfavored23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.24. It is implied that ?A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college students are pessimistic about their future25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m special'A. objectiveB. pessimistic C optimistic D. worriedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of decliningmembership among private industries* 4iThe Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂majorityof vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”，said the National Associa?tion of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill Straczewski says elimina?ting thesecret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal em?ployer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot wouldnot be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out ofthe hands of the em?ployers. “On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference be?tween night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the HarrisCounty Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration wouldbe in effect for 2 years，a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “I don，t see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract”? said Straczewski The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts fromunwilling em?ployers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004，45 percent of newly farmed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees- As it stands，the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.26* Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. House bill aipis to spur labor union growth.B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth,C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employmentD. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees，income.27. According to its opponents, the bill .A. will protect employees，rightsB. will benefit workers by binding contractsC. will empower unions too muchD. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28. The word “it”(line 4，Para 5) refers to ?A. the changeB. the legislation C the AFL-CIO D. the difference29. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries*B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level.C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can，t be agreed oa between cently estabUshed union and a company,D. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees.30. It is implied that ?A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past workers' coercion often comes from unionsC. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many pe叩le，s views on race，history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans whohave shaped soci?ety and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learningto fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself Six years later, he wasan Olympic boxing champion，going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became knownas much for his swagger (耻髙气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it，converting to Islamin 1965，changing his name to Muhammad Ali ￡uid refusing to join the U- S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath?letic career ended and he developed Parkinson'seven lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful，diseasevirtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks* W. E. B, Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868，this Massachusetts native wasone of the most prominent，prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic，activist and historian，Du Bois co?founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),edited “The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk”，published in 1903，he predicted “the problem of 20th century [ would be] the problem of the color-line”.Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jn isconsidered one of the most powerful and pop?ular leaders of the American civil tights movement He spearheaded(带头；作先锋）a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches，sit-ins，boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes to?ward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965, Interestin the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie “Malcolm X”was releasedJackie Robinson in 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, be?coming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement frombaseball in 1957，he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962，he became thefirst African-American to be in?ducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.31. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A. He never served in the army.He learned to fight at an early age.C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D. He loves peace.32. The italicized word “prolific”(line 2, Par a 3) is synonymous to ?A, smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering33. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A, W. E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U. Sz major baseball leagues throughout his life.C Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deatL34. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognizedB. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A. Life of famous African AmericansB. Influence of famous African AmericansC. Political pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsD. Cultursd pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsPart m Vocabulary (10%)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four：Directionschoices mariced A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36- The building collapsed because its foundation was notstrong enough to the weight of the building.A. subsideB. idealizeC. initiate D, sustain37. The actress was very at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference. A, extraterrestrial B. explicit C. indignant D. innovative38* It is known to all that children in this region have strong to swimming in summer because of the hot weather ?A. inclinationB. exposure39. The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.A. implementB. deceiveC. exemplifyD. ignited40. These samples have to be in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.A. mmiersedB. crispedC. armoredD. arrayed41. Her talk at the seminar clearly from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.A. alternated B, amplified C. designated D. diverged42. Three years before he returned home from the United States.A. denbtedB. destinedC. elapsedD. enveloped43. A plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A. deliberateB. disincentiveC. functionalD. fantastic44. Sometimes in drawing and designing, the sign X the unknown number.A, facilitates B. fascinates C. denotes D. jots45. The speaker was very much by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.A. jerkedB. incensedC. lacedD. limped46. The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethal C metric D. cordial47.The doctor's was that she should go and see the specialist in this fieldA. constraintB. counselC. coherenceD. consciousness48.The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A- unanimous B. abstract C. autonomous D. almighty49. They need to move to new and large apgtfttnents. Do you know of any ones in this area?A. evacuatedB. emptyC. vacantD. vacate50. The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.A. decomposed B_ denounced C. detached D. deduced51. The government decided to take a action to strengthen the market managementA. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic52. The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to itA. disgraceB. disguiseC. defyD. distress53. They admitted that they shared the same on the matter.A. potentialityB. sentimentC. postscriptD. subscriptionwith him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.54. We cannot beA. peckedB. reconciledC. perturbedD. presumed55. Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region.A. tugged B_ demolished C. hampered D. destroyedPart IV Cloze (10%)：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices Directions，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the marked A, Bcorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fractionof the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be 56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries —Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in thePacific —would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding,possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the63 plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops. Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 . Therewill be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some of today's colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The naturalsystems —both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must doeverything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.56. A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered57. A. which B. where C. when D. what。
清华考博英语真题及答案解析.doc
清华考博英语真题+答案解析淸华大学2006年博士研究牛入学考试试题Direct ions:There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words inthis part .For each sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D・Choose thebest one that completes the sentences or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single 1inethrough the center・21.Right now there is a sale of 19th-century European Paintings and sculpture in the museum・A.photographsB.imagesC・ statusD・ stone paintings22.The more intrusive advertisements become, the more they irritate web users・A.annoyB.dismayC・ surpriseD・ start le23.Both police officers and high officials here are susceptible to corruption・A.sustainableB.suspiciousC・ skepticalD. vulnerable24.In lhe new shark repellent method, an insulted cable is buried on the bottom of the sea around a beachfrom which people swim.在新的抵抗鲨纯方案里，一个绝缘电缆被掩埋在靠近沙滩的海底，这是人们游泳的地方。
清华大学2023年博士研究生入学考试建筑学真题
清华大学2023年博士研究生入学考试建筑学真题第一部分：选择题1. 建筑学的定义是什么？建筑学是研究建筑艺术、设计和技术的学科，旨在培养建筑师及相关专业人才。
2. 下列哪个是建筑设计中常用的平面布置方式？A. 单核布置B. 轴对称布置C. 螺旋形布置D. 卫星形布置3. 建筑材料的选择与使用应满足以下要求之一：A. 适应自然环境B. 环保材料C. 耐久性D. 所有选项都是4. 建筑设计的基本原则包括：A. 建筑与环境协调一致B. 功能性与美观性兼顾C. 结构牢固D. 所有选项都是5. 哪个流派是现代建筑的代表？A. 古典主义B. 文艺复兴C. 后现代主义D. 巴洛克式第二部分：填空题1. _______ 是建筑设计中起到空间分隔作用的垂直装饰构件。
2. 建筑中的 _______ 是起到承重功能的结构构件。
3. _______ 是建筑设计中对外部环境进行遮挡和保护的构件。
4. 建筑中的 _______ 是提供建筑出入口的构件。
第三部分：问答题1. 简述建筑学对社会的影响。
建筑学在社会中起到至关重要的作用。
它不仅提供了人们生活和工作的空间，还能够改善人们的生活质量。
同时，建筑设计也反映了一个社会的文化、历史和价值观。
建筑学通过创造独特的建筑风格和美学理念，为城市景观增添了艺术和文化的氛围。
2. 解释建筑设计中的人体工程学原理。
人体工程学原理是指将人体的生理和心理特征应用于建筑设计中，以提供更符合人体需求的空间和环境。
这包括考虑人的身高、步幅、手臂长度等身体尺度，以及人对光线、温度、声音等环境因素的感知和舒适需求。
人体工程学原理的运用可以提高建筑的功能性和实用性，创造出更人性化的设计。
3. 建筑物的节能设计有哪些措施？建筑物的节能设计可以采用多种措施来降低能源消耗。
其中包括合理的建筑朝向和布局，以最大程度地利用太阳能和自然采光；采用高效的保温材料和隔热设计，减少能量损失；安装智能化的节能设备和系统，提高能源利用效率；通过合理规划室内照明和空调系统，降低能源消耗。
清华考博辅导：清华大学设计学理论考博难度解析及经验分享
清华考博辅导：清华大学设计学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，设计学专业的大学参与了2017-2018设计学专业大学排名，艺术设计学专业排名第一的是某某工艺美术学院，排名第二的是清华大学，排名第三的是某某艺术学院。
作为清华大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，美术学院的设计学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。
下面是启道考博整理的关于清华大学设计学考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍清华大学设计学是属于清华大学美术学院，培养既有扎实科学技术基础又有艺术创新能力的复合型高级专业技术人才。
设计学学科正创造和引导人类健康工作与生活，促进社会变革与发展，在充分满足产品使用功能和人的个体审美需求的前提下，实现人-机-环境的和谐统一。
该学科的研究强调工程与艺术的结合，与国家当前倡导的创新教育、人类舒适的生活方式、社会的发展、制造大国向设计大国的转变等国策紧密相连，具有很好的发展前景和众多的研究内容。
这些研究领域为设计学高层次人才的培养，提供了广阔的空间和平台。
作为一门新兴的学科，设计学的产生是20世纪以来的事件;作为一门专门的学科，它毫无疑问有着它自己的研究对象。
由于设计与特定的物质生产与科学技术的关系，这使得设计学本身具有自然科学的客观性特征;而设计与特定社会的政治、文化、艺术之间所存在的显而易见的关系，又使得设计学在另一方面有着特殊的意识形态色彩。
希望引起中国设计界对理论问题的关注进而对设计教育的关注，并最终使设计学成为一门真正承载教育和实践两方面都得到落实的学科。
(一)设计专业需要有美感训练，而不是美学训练。
学院里的设计课，往往都会教很多所谓美学原理。
例如:平衡定律、比例、对比、许多老师与学生往往将这些原理以X例，特别是对外国作品的案例学习，而忽略了两点。
第一是忽略了作业练习时自己的作品会不会令自己感动。
第二忽略了自己从小日常生活中常见事物其实也是充满美感。
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清华大学设计学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析一、专业的设置清华大学美术学院每年招收博士生27人，含深圳研究生院1名，美术学院不接收非脱产考生。
下设艺术学理论、美术学、设计学三个专业。
设计学专业下设一个方向，史习平、林乐成、李正安、何洁、杨冬江、马泉、李当岐、严扬、王建中、吴冠英、宋立民、黄维、韩美林的设计学理论研究，马泉、李当岐、严扬教授不招收少数民族骨干计划，黄维教授为深圳研究生院导师，不招收少数民族骨干计划。
韩美林导师的课不要笔试，初试为材料审核，考生需提前准备个人作品集（规格为16开），连同其他报名材料一同提交。
审核通过者方可参加综合考试。
综合考试为专业论文和面试，面试含专业设计（手绘）。
不招收少数民族骨干计划。
二、考试的科目设计学：①101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语或105法语②609专业基础③501综合考试。
三、导师介绍史习平，1985年毕业于原中央工艺美术学院工业设计系，获文学学士学位。
后留校任教，先后承担造型基础、立体设计表达、产品设计、展示设计、论文写作等课程的教学工作。
展示设计专业学科带头人，1997年被聘为清华大学美术学院副教授，2006年被聘为清华大学教授，现任清华大学教授、博士生导师。
主要学术兼职：中国工艺美术学会展示委员会常务理事，北京八大艺术院校教育教学北京市高等教育研究会艺术教育研究分会理事，第十六届广州亚运会开闭幕式艺术指导，2012年韩国丽水世博会国际评委、2010年上海世博会北京展区及山西场馆设计评审。
林乐成，清华大学美术学院教授,中国工艺美术学会纤维艺术委员会会长，中国工艺美术大师评审委员，中国设计贡献成就奖得主。
获过多项奖项，拥有众多著述及科研成果，承担多项课程。
李正安，男，清华大学美术学院教授。
主要担任课程有：陶瓷造型基础、陶瓷现代设计史、陶瓷设计、毕业设计、毕业论文。
同时还担任硕士生与博士生导师。
著有《陶瓷的现代设计》、《中国陶瓷艺术图典》、《外国陶瓷艺术图典》等书籍。
何洁，1955年10月出生，1973至1976年天津市工艺美术学校商美设计毕业。
1976至1978年天津戏曲学校干部，清华大学美术学院教授、副院长、副书记。
1982年毕业于中央工艺美术学院获文学学士学位并留校任教。
1999～2003年任清华大学美术学院装潢艺术设计系主任。
2003～2005年任清华大学美术学院副院长兼装潢艺术设计系主任。
2005年1月至今任清华大学美术学院副院长、党委副书记。
杨冬江，教授清华大学美术学院院长助理,博士硕士研究生导师,清华大学美术学院装饰材料应用与信息研究所所长,中国室内装饰协会常务理事,设计委员会秘书长，中国室内装饰协会陈设艺术委员会副主任,中国工业设计协会环境艺术设计专业委员会委员,中国美术家协会会员。
马泉，博士，教授，1987年获中央工艺美术学院文学学士学位、硕士研究生导师，中国包装联合会设计委员会副秘书长，中国广告协会学术委员会委员。
研究方向：方向一：品牌视觉传播设计研究。
方向二：城市视觉秩序构建与国家品牌形象设计研究。
李当岐，1982年毕业于中央工艺美术学院染织美术系，并留校任教，1986年受国家教委（现教育部）派遣赴日本留学，现任清华大学美术学院党委书记，教授，博士生导师。
一直致力于基础理论研究和平台建设，作为课题负责人先后完成了教育部人文社会科学基金项目“中西方服饰文化比较研究”和《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》“现代远程教育工程”2001年中央财政专项——清华大学数字博物馆建设项目。
先后在国内核心刊物上发表学术论文7篇，在国际会议上发表论文3篇。
严扬，中国美术家协会工业设计艺术委员会秘书长，中国工业设计协会理事、会员。
兰州理工大学设计学院客座教授。
清华大学美术学院设计分部副主任。
中国美术家协会工业设计艺术委员会秘书长，中国工业设计协会理事，清华美院色彩研究所长，国家留学基金评审专家。
王建中，1955年8月出生，1982年毕业于中央工艺美术学院陶瓷美术系陶瓷美术专业，现为清华大学美术学院教授。
吴冠英(1955.12.30—)，广东中山人。
现任清华大学美术学院信息艺术设计系教授，2008年北京残疾人奥运会会吉祥物“福牛乐乐”设计者。
宋立民（1962.1----），北京人。
清华大学美术学院教授，中国美术家协会会员。
1987年7月于中央工艺美术学院本科毕业，曾游历五十多个国家。
1996年3月赴法国巴黎艺术中心研修，1999年7月于中央工艺美术学院研究生课程班毕业，2009年7月获中央美术学院建筑学院博士学位，历任北京科学技术出版社美术编辑，中央工艺美术学院讲师，清华大学美术学院副教授、教授、硕士研究生导师，清华大学美术学院教务办主任，清华大学城市景观艺术设计研究所所长，中国美术家协会会员，北京水彩画协会会员。
黄维，（1957~）清华大学教授、清华大学美术学院博士生导师、深圳研究生院设计艺术研究所所长、著名品牌战略与形象设计专家。
先后发表论文80余篇，编写出版《普通高中美术课程标准实验教科书设计卷》及教科书，人民教育出版社北京2005年版；撰写专著《设计“心眼”——设计创新思维理论与实践》、《品牌形象设计审美智慧》；编写教材《品牌形象设计概论》、《包装设计》、《标志设计》、《设计思维》、《字体设计》、《包装容器造型设计》。
论文《艺术设计创造力培养方法的研究》2005年获教育部全国高等学校艺术教育科学论文一等奖。
韩美林，男，1936年12月26日生于山东，中国当代极具影响力的天才造型艺术家，在绘画、书法、雕塑、陶瓷、设计乃至写作等诸多艺术领域都有很高造诣，大至气势磅礴，小到洞察精微，艺术风格独到，个性特征鲜明，尤其致力于汲取中国两汉以前文化和民间艺术精髓，并体现为具有现代审美理念和国际通行语汇的艺术作品，是一位孜孜不倦的艺术实践者和开拓者。
国家一级美术师，清华大学美术学院教授，中央文史馆研究员。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明教育考博分校（官网可咨询）联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
第四，导师的信息。
导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。
这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。
同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。
第五，时事热点话题分析。
博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。
近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。
所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。
六、清华大学考博专业课复习指导以下是育明教育考博课程的授课规划，整个授课规划由本专业博士生和组织设定，结合了考试命题的实际，借鉴了历届育明成功学员的复习计划和成功经验，是育明教育考博课程授课质量的保证和高录取率的基础。
考生们也可以借鉴这一复习规划来指导自己的备考。
第一阶段：框架的构建和重点的掌握深入解构核心参考书，建立知识理论体系框架并对重点知识章节和常见考点进行整合。
理清楚学科发展史，特别是每一个阶段的代表人物，著作，主张，提出的背景和评价。
根据专业课老师讲解借鉴前辈经验最终形成学员的专属笔记。
第二阶段：专题整理和讲解在第一阶段的基础上，由专业课老师带领整理重要常考的学科专题，进行各个知识模块的深化和凝练。
以专题为突破口夯实并灵活运用理论知识。
第三阶段：时事热点和出题人的论著对出题老师的研究重点，最新论文成果和重要的上课的笔记课件进行讲解。
对本专业时政热点话题进行分析，预测有可能出现的题型和考察角度。
第四阶段：历年真题演练和讲解对历年真题进行最深入的剖析：分析真题来源、真题难度、真题的关联性，总结各题型的解题思路、答题方法和技巧。
全面提升学员的答题能力，把前面几个阶段掌握的理论知识转化为分数。
第五阶段：模拟练习及绝密押题就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解。
开展高强度模拟考试，教会考生怎么破题，怎么安排结构，怎么突出创新点等答题技巧。
结合最新的内部出题信息和导师信息进行高命中押题。
（清华大学考博资料获取、辅导课程可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍）七、清华大学考博特别注意事项1、关于招生时间清华大学每年博士生统考有两次，3月份和9月份。
考博也有多种形式：统考、推免、直博、论文博士生等，其他形式的条件非常苛刻，只有统考是一次分数优先的较量，给与了无数考生读博士的希望。
每年9月份的考试，考试时间是由报考院系通知的；三月份的考试，第一阶段笔试时间是统一安排的，是否有资格参加第二阶段综合考试，视各院系生源情况、考生笔试成绩等由各院系决定，并通知考生。
建筑学院、土木工程系、水利水电工程系、热能工程系、汽车工程系、电机工程与应用电子技术系，电子工程系、自动化系、数学系、地球系统科学研究中心、金融学院、法学院、新闻与传播学院、马克思主义学院、人文学院、社会科学学院、美术学院、核能与新能源技术研究院、教育研究院、医学院临床专业的综合考试将安排在笔试成绩公布后进行，其他院系综合考试在笔试后立即进行。