英语语法6.虚拟语气

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(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气,用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。

虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。

一、虚拟语气的用法:1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止:- 主语+动词原形+宾语(动词原形要用动词底形、如be);- 主语+动词原形+that从句(用于表达建议、命令、禁止,动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词)。

例句:- It is important that he be present at the meeting.(建议)- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.(建议)- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.(命令)2.表达愿望、请求、要求:-主语+动词过去式;- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形;- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。

例句:- I wish I could fly.(愿望)- I would appreciate it if you could help me.(请求)3.表示虚拟条件:- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词;- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时,主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。

例句:- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.(虚拟条件)- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.(虚拟条件)4.表达建议、要求、祝愿:- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。

英语语法 虚拟语气的知识点归纳

英语语法 虚拟语气的知识点归纳

英语语法虚拟语气的知识点归纳英语语法:虚拟语气的知识点归纳虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用于表达一种假设、愿望、建议、要求或可能性较小的情况。

在本文中,将对虚拟语气的几个主要知识点进行归纳总结。

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气在条件句中,虚拟语气通常用于表示与当前事实相反的情况。

虚拟语气的形式包括"would/could/should+动词原形",以及"动词过去式+动词原形"。

例如:- If I had more time, I would travel around the world.(如果我有更多时间,我就会周游世界。

)- If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。

)2. 虚拟语气用于表达愿望和建议虚拟语气还常用于表达愿望和建议,表示一种假设的情况。

常见的表达方式有:- I wish/If only + 主语 + 过去式(be动词用were):表示对现在或将来的希望或遗憾。

例如:- I wish I were taller.(我希望自己更高。

)- If only she could speak fluent English.(要是她能说一口流利的英语就好了。

)- It is time + 主语 + 过去式(should + 动词原形):用于表示现在或将来应该发生的动作。

例如:- It is time we started the meeting.(是时候开始会议了。

)- It is time you should apologize to her.(你应该向她道歉了。

)3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用在宾语从句中,若主句的动词表达了建议、命令、要求等含义时,宾语从句中的谓语动词常使用虚拟语气。

具体的用法如下:- 建议:suggest/recommend + (that) + 主语 + (should)+ 动词原形。

虚拟语气完整课件

虚拟语气完整课件

在宾语从句中的使用
01
在某些动词后的宾语从句中,需 要使用虚拟语气,如suggest、 propose、demand等。
02
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的形式与 条件状语从句中的形式相同,根 据所表示的时间不同,使用不同 的动词形式。
在主语从句中的使用
在主语从句中,有时需要使用虚拟语 气,尤其是表示建议、要求、命令等 含义的主语从句。
07
CATALOGUE
虚拟语气在英语口语中的应用
在日常对话中的应用
日常建议
在给朋友提供建议时,可以使用 虚拟语气来表达更委婉的建议,
例如“If I were you, I would consider postponing the meeting.”
礼貌拒绝
当需要拒绝对方请求时,可以使用 虚拟语气来表达更加委婉的语气, 例如“I wish I could help you, but I'm afraid I can't.”
在虚拟语气中,如果所描述的情况是与将来事实相反的,那么条件句可以使用would+动词原形,主句使用 would+动词原形。例如:“If you would come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.”
混合虚拟语气
总结词
表示与过去、现在或将来事实相反的情 况
VS
,提高自己的语法运用能力。
06
CATALOGUE
虚拟语气在英语写作中的应用
在议论文中的应用
要点一
总结词
在议论文中,虚拟语气常用于表达假设条件或个人观点, 强调与事实相反的情况。
要点二
详细描述
在议论文中,作者可以使用虚拟语气来提出与现实相反的 情况,以强调自己的观点或反驳对方的观点。例如,“假 如没有环保法规,环境将遭受更严重的破坏。”通过使用 虚拟语气,作者能够更清晰地表达自己的立场和论点。

英语语法虚拟语气整理

英语语法虚拟语气整理

虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。

另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。

条件状语1、表示与事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。

(事实:我不可能是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。

(事实:去晚了)3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句:①if+主语+were to do (if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式,其他如wish, even if 等词都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气)②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。

(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。

(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。

英语虚拟语气的三种时态

英语虚拟语气的三种时态

英语虚拟语气的三种时态三种时态中的英语虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语语法中的一种特殊形式,用来表达与事实相反、与现实不符合或带有假设、建议、命令等语气的情况。

在英语中,虚拟语气可用于过去、现在和将来三种时态。

本文将详细介绍英语虚拟语气在这三种时态中的应用。

一、过去式虚拟语气(Past Subjunctive)过去式虚拟语气用于对过去发生的事情进行虚拟表达。

它通常与“if”或“wish”等引导的从句连用,表示对过去事实的非真实假设或对过去的遗憾、愿望等。

用法如下:1. 与现在事实相反的假设:If I were you, I would apologize.(如果我是你,我会道歉。

)If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.(如果她学得更努力,她就能通过考试。

)2. 对过去的遗憾、愿望:I wish I had taken that job.(我希望我当时接受了那份工作。

)He wishes he were taller.(他希望自己更高一些。

)二、现在式虚拟语气(Present Subjunctive)现在式虚拟语气用于对现在或将来的事情进行虚拟表达。

它通常与“if”或“suggest”等引导的从句连用,表示对现实的非真实假设、建议或要求。

用法如下:1. 对现在事实相反的假设:If it were to rain, we would stay at home.(如果下雨的话,我们将呆在家里。

)I suggest that he be more careful.(我建议他更加小心。

)2. 对现在的建议或要求:It is important that she arrive on time.(她准时到达是很重要的。

) They demanded that he pay the bill immediately.(他们要求他立即支付账单。

虚拟语气

虚拟语气

英语
Should there be a flood,what should we do?万一发 , ? 生洪水,我们怎么办? = 生洪水,我们怎么办?(=If there should be a flood) Were he to come,I might go with him. , 他若是来,我就可能跟他去。 = 他若是来,我就可能跟他去。(=If he were to come)
英语
1.与现在事实相反 . If I were you,I wouldn't do it. , 如果我是你,我就不去做这件事。 如果我是你,我就不去做这件事。 If you hurried,you would catch the bus. , 你要是赶快, 你是会搭上车的 。 (可你是这样慢吞吞 你要是赶快 , 你是会搭上车的。 可你是这样慢吞吞 的。) If he were here,everything would be all right. , 要是他在这儿,一切都没问题了。 要是他在这儿,一切都没问题了。
英语
5.错综时间条件句 . 当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间 不一致的时候(如一个发生在过去, 一个发生在现在), 不一致的时候 如一个发生在过去,一个发生在现在 , 动 如一个发生在过去 词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: 词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If he had listened to me,he would not be in trouble , now.如果他当时听了我的话,现在就不会遇到麻烦了。 如果他当时听了我的话,现在就不会遇到麻烦了。 如果他当时听了我的话 If the weather had been more favorable,the crops , would be growing still better. 如果过去天气好一些,现在庄稼还会长得更好。 如果过去天气好一些,现在庄稼还会长得更好。

高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么

高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么

高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中,虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点,也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。

虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况,它的用法多样,且有不少需要注意的地方。

接下来,咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。

一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were),主句用“would / could / should / might +动词原形”。

例如:If I were you, I would take the job (如果我是你,我会接受这份工作。

)2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时,主句用“would / could / should / might + have +过去分词”。

比如:If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam (如果你学习更努力些,你就会通过考试了。

)3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式:① should +动词原形;② were to +动词原形;③一般过去时。

主句用“wou ld / could / should / might +动词原形”。

举个例子:If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home (要是明天下雨,我们就待在家里。

)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,用“would / could +动词原形”。

例如:I wish I were as tall as you (我希望我和你一样高。

)2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、order(命令)、demand(要求)等,从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。

英语语法—虚拟语气(最全)

英语语法—虚拟语气(最全)

虚拟语气1.虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。

它表达的是建议、不满、怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象、祝愿等。

2.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句英语中的条件句有两种:真实条件句和非真实条件句。

真实条件句实现的可能性非常大,常用if, unless, as long as, so long as, once等引导,谓语动词常用陈述语气;非真实条件句常表示不能实现或纯假象的情况,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句、错综时间条件句。

①虚拟条件句、推测条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类:一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况,一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。

另外,还有一类用于推测将来的情况,也称作推测条件句。

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生一种不可能获得的结果。

句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有3种不同的形式:I would lend him the money if he asked me.他要是问我,我愿意借钱给他。

(意愿)If he had time, he should do it.要是有时间,他愿意做那件事。

(意愿)He could move the big stone if he should try.努力的话,他能搬动那块大石头。

(能力)If he forgot to come, you could go instead.他要是忘了没来,你可要替他来。

(许诺)A.与现在事实相反If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.如果我有足够的钱,我将买一台电脑。

(实际上没有) Were I you I would refuse.如果我是你我会拒绝。

(我不是你)注:从句有时可用If it were not for这种句型,表示“若不是……”。

It it weren’t for your help, we would be in serious trouble.若不是你帮忙,我们会遇到大麻烦。

虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法虚拟语气,又称“虚拟假设语气”,是指说话者或写作者在表达某种情况时,通过使用特定的语法形式来表示这种情况实际上并不存在或者与事实相反。

虚拟语气在英语中非常常见,它可以用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测等多种语境。

本文将介绍虚拟语气的各种用法及例句。

一、假设与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的情况或假设。

在这种情况下,谓语动词常以“would/could/should + 动词原形”或“were + 主语”等形式出现。

1. 虚拟语气用于假设:If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我有钱,我会环游世界。

If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.如果她学得更努力,她本来可以通过考试的。

2. 虚拟语气用于愿望:I wish I were taller.我希望我更高一些。

I wish you wouldn't be late for the meeting.我希望你不要迟到开会。

3. 虚拟语气用于建议:I suggest that he should see a doctor.我建议他去看医生。

It is recommended that every student study English.建议每个学生都学习英语。

二、与过去事实相反的情况虚拟语气还常用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。

在这种情况下,主要使用“had + 过去分词”形式或其他相应的虚拟语气结构。

1. 虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的条件:If he had arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.如果他早点到,他就能赶上火车了。

If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.如果我知道你要来,我就会准备晚餐了。

英语语法:虚拟语气

英语语法:虚拟语气

四.虚拟语气虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反的主观愿望、假想或建议等。

I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.If you were to see Jane, what would you tell her?This kind of world is hard and dangerous. But if you should succeed, you would become rich.2.省略if,把助动词were,had,should等提到主语前面,形成倒装。

eg.Were I to meet him tomorrow (=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.Had I had the money last year (=If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.3.错综时间条件句:主语和从句采用不同的时间,因而需要使用不同的虚拟语气形式。

eg.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.If her husband had not been killed in the war, she would not be helping others with the housework now. 4.用介词短语或其他方式表示含蓄的虚拟条件:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but eg.Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity (=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or (otherwise) he would have helped you.I ought to have remembered to tell them the decision this morning, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.But that he was short of money (=If he had not been short of money), he would have bought it for his wife.This same thing, happening in wartime, (=If the same thing happened in wartime, it) would amount to disaster. Any man in his position would have done like that.You should (ought to) have returned the book earlier.5.“If it were (had been) not for….”:要不是……eg. If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.6.①表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等主观意愿的动词后的宾语从句中;②用it作形式主语,上述动词用被动语态的主语从句中;以及③使用这些动词演变而来的名词的表语从句和同位语从句中:ask, advise, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct…eg.The general directed that the troops (should) attack. They moved that all civilians should be evacuated.It was suggested that he should join the club activities.The proposal that he be invited was rejected. Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan. 但:Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job? He insisted that he was innocent. (不是上述意思)7.It is + 形容词或过去分词+ 主语从句(谓语动词:should+动词原形):appropriate, advisable, better, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital(这些形容词的句式也可改为it作形式宾语,形容词后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)eg.It is imperative that you (should) take the medicine. It is essential that we (should) win the voters’ hearts.We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.I consider it imperative that a meeting (should) be held immediately.8.某些动词后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气:expect, believe, think, suspect (否定句或疑问句), wish eg.:I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.We didn’t expect that the problem should have been solved that way.I wish I could have seen her last night. I wish I were a bird.9.动词be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等句中(had hoped表示过去未完成的愿望,意为“想要,希望”,从句中使用“would + 动词原形”)eg.:I intended to have told him the matter, but I forgot. I was to have come yesterday, but I couldn’t.She had meant to see you last week, but she was ill. We had hoped that you would stay for some time. 10.would rather, would sooner, would just as soon; in case, lest, for fear that; as if, as though; had hoped 后从句中使用虚拟语气。

英语虚拟语气

英语虚拟语气

英语虚拟语气英语虚拟语气是一种表达假设、条件或不确定性的语法形式。

它包括条件句的虚拟语气和愿望句的虚拟语气。

1、条件句的虚拟语气条件句的虚拟语气用于表达假设条件或可能性,通常使用“if”引导。

根据时间的不同,条件句的虚拟语气可以分为现在虚拟语气、过去虚拟语气和将来虚拟语气。

现在虚拟语气:If I had time now, I would read the book.If we didn’t have to go to work tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.过去虚拟语气:If you had followed my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If they had known about the meeting, they would have come.将来虚拟语气:If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out for a walk.If she wins the championship, she will be very happy.2、愿望句的虚拟语气愿望句的虚拟语气用于表达愿望、请求或建议,通常使用动词原形或should + 动词原形。

根据上下文,愿望句的虚拟语气可以分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的虚拟语气。

第一人称虚拟语气:I wish I were a millionaire. (我希望我是个百万富翁。

)I wish we wouldn’t wait any longer. (我希望我们不再等了。

)第二人称虚拟语气:You wish you could go abroad for further education. (你希望你能出国深造。

)You wish you had told me earlier. (你希望早点告诉我。

)第三人称虚拟语气:He wishes he were still young. (他希望他还年轻。

英语虚拟语气知识点总结

英语虚拟语气知识点总结

英语虚拟语气知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念:虚拟语气,是指表示说话者所说的情况并非现实或已经发生,或在说话时还不确定是否实现的一种语态。

其特点是句子中的动词形式属于虚拟语气。

二、虚拟语气的表达:1. 条件虚拟语气:表示与现在或未来事实相反的虚拟情况。

(1)主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。

If I had known the truth, I would not have believed him.(如果我知道了真相,我就不会相信他了。

)(2)主句用过去式,从句用“had+过去分词”。

If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.(如果他更加努力学习的话,他就能够通过这个考试。

)2. 虚拟假设语气:表示想像中与现在或将来相反的事情。

(1)主句用过去时,从句用过去式。

If I knew his address, I would go there and see him now.(如果我知道他的地址的话,我现在就会去找他了。

)(2)主句用were,表示与过去的虚拟情况相反。

If I were you, I would study hard.(如果我是你的话,我会好好学习。

)3. 祝愿虚拟语气:表示转化为现实的愿望。

(1)主句用过去式,从句用过去完成式。

I wish I had known him earlier.(我希望我更早认识他。

)(2)主句用过去式,从句用would / could +动词原形。

I wish he could help me with my English.(我希望他能够帮助我学习英语。

)4. 建议虚拟语气:表示对假设的结果的建议。

If I were you, I would work harder.(如果我是你的话,我会更加努力工作。

)5. 明确表示否定的虚拟语气:If they didn’t arrive on time, they would miss the plane.(如果他们没按时到达,他们将会错过飞机。

虚拟语气英语语法知识点

虚拟语气英语语法知识点

虚拟语气英语语法知识点虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊的语态,用于表达虚构、假设、愿望、建议或批评等情态。

以下将介绍虚拟语气的形式、用法以及常见的虚拟语气形式等相关知识点。

一、虚拟语气的形式英语语法中虚拟语气有两种时态形式:过去时和过去完成时。

这两种时态的虚拟语气形式的形式不同,但它们都用于表达未实现的情况、假设和愿望等。

1. 过去时的虚拟语气在过去时的虚拟语气中,动词以“were”作为一般过去时态的第二人称单数和所有人称的形式,而不是“was”。

例如,“I wish I were there with you”中的“were”是虚拟语气的形式。

2. 过去完成时的虚拟语气在过去完成时的虚拟语气中,助动词“had”和过去分词构成了动词的虚拟语气形式。

例如,“If I had known earlier, I would have come to the meeting”中的“had known”是虚拟语气的形式。

二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气通常用于以下几种情形:1. 假设虚拟语气常在假设条件中使用,表达一种假设的情况。

例如,“If I were a millionaire, I would buy a house by the beach”中的“were”就表达了一个假设的情况。

2. 愿望虚拟语气还可以表达对于未实现的愿望。

例如,“I wish I had more time to study”中的“had”就表达了这样一种愿望。

3. 建议虚拟语气在建议中也很常见,通常表达一种可能或者有可能的情况。

例如,“If I were you, I would talk to your boss about the matter”中的“were”就表达了一种可能或者有可能的情况。

4. 批评虚拟语气也可以用于指责或者批评某人的做法或者行为。

例如,“You should have told me earlier so I could have attended the meeting”中的“should have told”就表达了一种批评的情况。

英语语法虚拟语气

英语语法虚拟语气

虚拟语气虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气有两种类型:用于条件句或让步状语从句中,表示假设、猜测、怀疑等;用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示愿望、要求、命令、建议等。

非真实性条件句中的虚拟语气If虚拟条件句中有should/had/were时,if可以时hey 省略,从句中的主谓要倒装Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.如果现在他们在这里,他们会帮助我们。

3.Would/should/might/could的区别(1)在主句中,should只用于第一人称(2)If you had another go, you would succeed.如果你再试一次,你一定会成功。

(would表示必然的结果)If you had another go, you could succeed.如果你再试一次,你就能成功。

(could表示能够)If you had another go, you might succeed.如果你再试一次,你或许能成功。

(might表示可能的结果)宾语从句中的虚拟语气我希望我是一只在空中飞翔的小鸟。

I wish he had visited us last night.我希望他昨晚来看过我们。

He wishes he could become a scientist some day.他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。

2.表示命令,建议,要求等一类后面的从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,可以省略。

一坚持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建议(suggest, propose, advise)五要求(require, request, demand, desire, ask)当insist表示“坚持认为”(另一个意思是“坚持要求”),suggest表示“表明,暗示”后面宾语从句不用虚拟语气我宁愿你明天(或现在)去。

2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义

2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义

高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识(一)什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设(情感),也是一种语气(mood)的表现形式,表明说话的目的和意图。

(语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气)虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况,即与真实相反。

上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子,"If I were you"因为我不可能是你,这是一种不可能存在的事实,所以这是个虚拟语句。

总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系:一是表示与事实相反的,或者是假象的情形,通常由if引导,叫做虚拟条件句;另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气,表示建议,命令或者要求等语气,类似于上述美剧常用的台词。

(二)虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了,那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实,所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实,也可能是假设条件。

因此,假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础,而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。

所以,对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句,而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反:If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。

(但我没有)与将来事实相反:If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作,我会是另一种做法。

英语虚拟语气语法总结

英语虚拟语气语法总结

英语虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气常常使学习英语的人感到困惑。

它需要我们以想象的方式来表达一种与事实不符的情况或假设。

在这篇文章中,我们将对英语虚拟语气进行总结并提供一些实用的例子。

一、虚拟语气的形式和用法虚拟语气的形式主要有:1. 过去式虚拟:用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。

例如:"If I were rich, I would buy a yacht."(如果我富有,我会买一艘游艇。

)2. 过去完成式虚拟:用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。

例如:"If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam."(如果她学得更努力,她本来会通过考试的。

)3. 条件句中的虚拟语气:用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。

例如:"If I had more time, I would go on a vacation."(如果我有更多时间,我会去度假。

)4. 愿望虚拟语气:用于表示对目前或过去情况的希望、期待。

例如:"I wish I were taller."(但事实是我并不高。

)二、虚拟语气的用法详解1. 表示虚拟条件的句子虚拟条件句常常由“if”引导,其中包含一个假设性的陈述。

在这种情况下,我们使用过去时态来表示与现在事实相反的情况。

例如:"If Iwere you, I would apologize."(如果我是你,我会道歉。

)这里的“were”是过去式虚拟的一种形式,用来表示与现实情况不符的假设。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气过去完成式虚拟经常出现在假设条件中。

例如:"If she had told him the truth, he wouldn't have been angry."(如果她告诉了他真相,他不会生气。

英语语法-虚拟语气

英语语法-虚拟语气

If I had learnt how to swim, _________
I __________________ trapped in this would not have been island.
If the staff had been more careful,
the mall would not be on fire now.
should/woul d/could/mig ht+ have + 过去分词
e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
demand suggest order propose request command insist
+(should ) do
表示愿望、建议、命令、 表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等
1. 这些动词后面接的宾语从句:表示愿 这些动词后面接的宾语从句: 建议(suggest, advice, 望(wish), 建议 propose, recommend) ,要求 (demand, request, require, insist), 命 令(order, command)等。 等 2. 除wish外, 其它动词用 外 其它动词用should + do 构 可以省略。 成, should可以省略。 可以省略
四:虚拟语气在主语从句中
在句型 “It is important (necessary,
strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后

英语语法-虚拟语气

英语语法-虚拟语气

IV. clause
• 1. …suggest/propose/recommend/demand/ord er/command/desire/require/request/insist/stipulate/ adivised/decide that … (should) do… • 2. …suggestion/proposal/recommendation/de mand/order/command/desire/request/requirement/i nsistence/stipulation/advice/decision that …(should) do… • 3. It is/was advisable/desirable/suggested/requested/ordered/p roposed/decided that …(should) do
在It is /was +形容词后的that从句中 常用“should + 不定式”表示建议、惊奇等。每式英 语中省略should。这类常见的形容词有: advisable, appropriate, essential, necessary, possible, preferable, proper等。 It’s advisable that the Sport Meets be put off owing to the bad weather. 在使用if的代用语及其省略的句子中,后接过去式 常见代用语有:provided (that), supposing/suppose, in case of, otherwise等。 Supposing the ship were to sink, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

高中英语语法——虚拟语气

高中英语语法——虚拟语气

高中英语语法——虚拟语气一、概念介绍虚拟语气是一种语法形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望或建议。

在英语中,虚拟语气有以下两种形式:1. 虚拟语气(过去式)虚拟语气(过去式)表示说话人对于事实的怀疑、建议或表示条件。

在虚拟语气(过去式)中,动词的过去式形态用来表达假设的情况。

Eg. If I were rich, I would buy a mansion.(如果我富有,我会买一个大别墅。

)2. 虚拟语气(完成时)虚拟语气(完成时)表示对于过去某个事件的假设、猜测或懊悔。

在虚拟语气(完成时)中,动词的完成式形态用来表示这种情况。

Eg. If I had known that you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.(如果我知道你要来,我会准备晚餐的。

)二、虚拟语气的使用1. 虚拟语气(过去式)的使用1.1 表达愿望用于表示与现实相反或者不可能实现的愿望,用“would”或者“could”引导子句。

在这个情况下,如果主句是过去时,引导虚拟语气的子句需要用“were”代替“was”。

Eg. If I were you, I would go to college.(如果我是你,我会去上大学。

)1.2 表达建议用于表示对于事情的建议或者对于对方的请求,通常使用“should”或者“would”。

Eg. If you want to lose weight, you should eat less.(如果你想减肥,你应该少吃一点。

)1.3 表达猜测用于表示对于不确定的情况的猜测或者假设,常常使用“might”或者“could”。

Eg. If he were here, I might ask him to help us.(如果他在这里,我可能会请他帮助我们。

)1.4 表示虚构的情况用于表示一些不真实的情况,这些情况不可能发生或者不符合事实。

Eg. If I won the lottery, I would quit my job.(如果我赢了彩票,我会辞职的。

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a.It is imperative that we should practice criticism and self-criticism.
b.It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
c.It is essential for him to be prepared for this.
3.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词 引导的表语从句和同位语从句中,这类名词常见的 有: advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence, motion提议, necessity, order, preference proposal, pray, recommendation , request requirement, resolution决心, suggestion
▪ The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
4) if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:
▪ If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
▪ From now on, when people in our ranks who have done some useful work die, be they soldier or cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in their honor.
▪ The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
▪ Everybody should observe traffic regulation, whether they be a schoolchild or a university professor
suggest 1) “建议” 2)“暗示、表明” insist 1)“坚持要求” 2)“坚持认为、坚持表 白”, decide 1)“决定” 2)“认定、断定”, ask 1)“要求” 2)“闻讯” 只有当以上动词用作祈使意义的时候,受其限定的 宾语从句的谓语才使用 be式虚拟
Compare:
▪ The principal suggested that the vacation be cut short to two days.
book yesterday. ▪ Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came
next weekend.
二、表示假设条件的虚拟语气
▪ 表示现在的假设 ▪ 表示过去的假设 ▪ 表示将来的假设
时间 现在 过去
谓语动词的虚拟形式
条件句
动词过去式 (be 多用were)
2) as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导 让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:
▪ Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
had + 过去分词
主句
would / should / could / might + 动词原形
would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词
将来
动词过去式或 should / would / should / could /
were to + 动词原形
might + 动词原形
▪ I would rather you paid me now. ▪ I’d rather you posted the letter right away. ▪ I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long. ▪ I would just as soon you had returned the
would rather / sooner + 从句
▪ would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从 句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况, 用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或 婉转的责备。
Examples
It was recommended that passengers ____
smoke during the flight.
A. not
B. need not
C. could not D. would not
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
A. would be
B. could be
C. be
D. was
▪ He left orders that nothing _____ touched until the police arrived here.
A. should be
B. ought to be
C. must be
D. would be
▪ The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied.
▪ My brother insisted that I give away my rights to have my fathers house.
▪ The bookseller insisted that I stole his book, but I didn’t.
C. wouldn’t have been D. would have not been
特殊形式的虚拟语气
1) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要 求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
▪ It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
▪ It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
1.She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体)
2.She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语)
3.She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
有一些动词是多义词
三、表示要求、建议、命令的虚拟语气
▪ 宾语从句 ▪ 主语从句 ▪ 表语பைடு நூலகம்句和同位语从句
1.用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后 的that宾语从句中,这类动词有:
ask, advise, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand desire, determine, insist, intend, maintain , propose, object, order, prefer, require, request, recommend, suggest, pray
wish + 宾语从句 if only + 陈述句
▪ I wish I were a bird. (表示现在的愿望) ▪ I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (表示过去的愿望) ▪ If only I knew his name! ▪ If only we had listened to their advice!
Lecture Five
虚拟语气
本节内容
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
英语动词的语气
英语动词的三种语气 ▪ 陈述语气:用来陈述事实 ▪ 祈使语气:用来表示请求、命令或劝告 ▪ 虚拟语气:用来表示说的话不是事实,或
▪ The president decided that the trip be cancelled.
▪ The police decided that the old man was the murderer.
2.用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形 容词或分词有:
desirable, insistent, important, vital, imperative, essential, necessary, preferable,crucial
3) 由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式, 即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如:
▪ She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子 以免他着凉。
1.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this ____so serious.
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