2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一

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2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案_7

2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案Section III TranslationFollowing the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as theRenaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 7th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.(47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotelian geocentric view that the earth was at the centreof our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalist, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people-including the Church-could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time fora new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase "sapere aude" or "dare to know", after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.46.【题干】With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.【答案】由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得意弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

2021年考研英语一参考答案及解析

2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析SectionⅠUse of English【1】C peaks解析：A pause暂停B return返回C peaks顶峰D fades衰退文中后面讲到decline，表明此时处于最高峰。

【2】D generally解析A alternatively两者选之一地B formally正式地C accidentally 偶然地D Generally总地来说文中第一二句内容是对第一句的顺接，带入唯有generally合适【3】A while解析：A while转折B since因果C once条件D until时间文中前肯后否，选择while.【4】C Consumption解析：A detection识别B accumulation积累C consumption消耗D separation区分;and前后语义一致，前面是loss后面就是consumption【5】A possibility解析：B decision决定C goal目标D requirement要求，后面出现了might,体现了内容的不确定性，因此答案是possibility.【6】A delay解析：B ensure确保C seek寻找D utilize利用ｏｒ前后结果一致，因此语义相近prevent与delay一致。

【7】C included解析：A modified改变B supported支持D predicted后面讲到４０００多男性和女性研究对象，所以只能是included【8】B Compared解析：前文讲到什么这些数据，因为是实验文章，所以是比对数据，进行分析。

【9】A with此处为伴随动作，所用介词为ｗｉｔｈ【10】C scored此处属于动词和名词的匹配关系，什么与measure进行搭配，表示获得什么标准。

【11】D went by解析：考固定搭配，as the years went by随着岁月的流逝，go by表示（时间）流逝。

2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of English4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescriptionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)-Text 1-How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This yea r’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ______.A. will ease train operators’ burdenB. has kept pace with inflationC. is a big surprise to commutersD. remains an unreasonable measure22. The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for ______.A. car driversB. rail travelersC. local investorsD. ordinary taxpayers23. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators ______.A. are offering compensation to commutersB. are trying to repair relations with the unionsC. have failed to provide an adequate serviceD. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face ______.A. the loss of investmentB. the collapse of operationsC. a reduction of revenueD. a change of ownership25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?B. Constant Complaining Doesn’t WorkC. Can Nationalisation Bring Hope?D. Ever-Rising Fares Aren’t Sustaina ble-Text 2-Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program. In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s p hase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands. Ferraro separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss. With that, “we see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” Ferraro says.That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. Ferraro su ggests their results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment, Ferraro says. Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, he says, “The value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”26. According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to ______.A. facilitate health care reformB. help poor families get better offC. improve local education systemsD. lower deforestation rates27. The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ______.A. cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poorB. CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestylesC. antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmersD. economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation28. In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ______.A. its acceptance level of CCTsB. its annual rate of poverty alleviationC. the relation of CCTs to its forest lossD. the role of its forests in climate change29. According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that______.A. it will benefit other Asian countriesB. it will reduce regional inequalityC. it can protect the environmentD. it can boost grain production30. What is the text centered on?A. The effects of a program.B. The debates over a program.C. The process of a study.D. The transferability of a study.-Text 3-As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, ... How do we explain this trend?During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the cameraperformed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital s tandards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.One explanation might be the loss of dignity displaye d through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, re gular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gum and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits th ere could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ______.A. changed people’s impression of the VictoriansB. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studiesC. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public imageD. illustrated the development of Victorian photography32. What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?A. They are in popular use among historians.B. They are rare among photographs of that age.C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.D. They show effects of different exposure times.33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.B. Their tension before the camera.C. Their distrust of new inventions.D. Their unhealthy dental condition.34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was ______.A. a deep-root beliefB. a misguided attitudeC. a controversial viewD. a thought-provoking idea35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?B. When did the Victorians start to view photographs?C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?-Text 4-From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections had the power and incentive to favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything beyond disclosing information about their services. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping internet regulation in technological anachronism.”In the meantime, the court threw ou t the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.36. There has long been concern that broadband providers would ______.A. bring web-based firms under controlB. slow down the traffic on their networkC. show partiality in treating clientsD. intensify competition with their rivals37. Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC ______.A. sticks to an out-of-date orderB. takes an anti-regulatory stanceC. has issued a special resolutionD. has allowed the states to intervene38. What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3?A. It protects against unfair competition.B. It engages in anti-competitive practices.C. It is under the FCC’s investigation.D. It is in pursuit of quality service.39. Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision ______.A. focuses on trivialitiesB. conveys an ambiguous messageC. is at odds with its earlier rulingsD. is out of touch with reality40. What does the author argue in the last paragraph?A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.D. Broadband providers’ rights should be protected.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~45, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better hiring practicesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and acomputer science professor at the University of Washington. In addition, (41) ______________One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More effective marketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. (42) _______________ These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving customers moneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models tha t more accurately access risk. Domingos says, “(43) _____________”Improved accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.”(44)_______________Protecting and maintaining infrastructureA number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos. “(45) _______________”[A] AI replaces the boring parts. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time f or.[B] One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.[C] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will be most effective yield best results.[D] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to wh ere it’s useful for employees to go to.[E] “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much”, say Dominguos，“or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company money. ”[F]We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.[G] AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)WWII was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies.(46) Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education. (47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly though unevenly in the 1970s and 1980s.The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth: (48) in many countries of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second, growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third, growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake. For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years, (49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution—this was seen inAmerica as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan. (50) High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with the empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.46. Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.47. And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.48. in many countries of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s.49. …and when the new staff s are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:A foreign friend of yours has recently graduated from college and intends to find a job in China. Write him/her an email to make some suggestions.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.DO not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)答案速查1-5: CDABA 6-10: ACBAC 11-15: DBCDD 16-20: BDAAC20-25: DBCDD 26-30: BDCCA 30-35: ABDAA 36-40: CBBDA41-45: GCEBD46. 二战结束后，这些西方社会有一定的高等教育水平，在战前几十年间，该水平大概保持在相对年龄群体的3%到5%。

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not betrue, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.真题解析46. He believes / that (this very )difficulty may have had the compensating advantage (of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, // and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.) 句子结构分析(1)本句是一个主从复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句;其主干是he believes that (difficulty may have had the advantage).(2)宾语从句“that this very…his own observations”含有of引导的两个后置定语“of forcing him to…his own observations”;由于是分词短语作定语，且太长，翻译时要找到与主句的逻辑关系，翻译成非定语成分。

2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案_1

2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilitiesare highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of Englishlanguage teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2021年考研英语一翻译真题逐句解读

2021年考研英语一翻译真题逐句解读考研英语复习一定要利用好真题，把每个句子，所涉及的词汇和各个考点知识点都熟练的把握，反复多看几遍。

下面是对2021年考研英语翻译真题做的逐句解读，大家注意理解和研究。

来源：2021年的文章来源于”Slowing Down to the Speed of Life: How to Create A More Peaceful, Simpler Life from the Inside Out”(《放慢生活节奏：怎样从里到外生活得更平和、更简单》)。

难度：5句话共155词，相当平稳。

平均每句话31词，也是近年来最稳定的一年。

句型特点：5句话中，有2句(46，47)是并列句，另外3句(48，49，50)是复合句。

复合句涉及到的考点是if条件状语从句、although 让步状语从句和as原因状语从句，以及as引导的非限制性定语从句，都是很容易就能辨认出来的从句类型。

逐题详解：46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.重点词组：mentally(精神上，智力上;心理上)，heal(治愈，痊愈)，cut(伤口)，broken bone(骨折)结构分析：本句由两个分句构成，分句1是简单句，分句2中that引导定语从句，修饰the way。

参考译文：我们不是必须学会如何保持心理健康;这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复骨折。

47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.重点词组：temporarily(临时地)，be capable of(有能力做某事)。

13.2021考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案

2021考研英语（一）翻译真题及答案来源：文都教育Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10 points)46.Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at3%-5%of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.【参考译文】战争结束后，这些社会的入学率在战前的几十年里一直保持在相关年龄段的3%-5%。

47.And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.【参考译文】在那些社会中，对接受高等教育的需求上升，延伸到了战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层。

48.In many countries of western Eup.the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the1960s and double again in seven eight or 10years by the middle of1970s.【参考译文】在欧洲联盟的许多西方国家，20世纪60年代，接受高等教育的学生人数在5年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在7年、8年或10年里又翻了一番。

度考研英语一真题与答案解析

度考研英语一真题与答案解析2021 考研英语 (一)真题及参考答案2021 年 12月 28 日Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It mayinvolve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young women, butalso a matchmaker. A young man can2 a likely spouse on his own and them askhis parents to3the marriage negotiations. or the young man’ sparents maymake the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.4, agirl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6 a goodfamily.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted threedays7by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priestsoffer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involveritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’ s and groom’ swrists,and10 a candle around a circle of happily married andrespected couples to bless the11. Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife s’parents and may12with them up to a year, 13they can build aflew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14, but not common .Divorced persons are15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains16 property he or she17into the marriage, and jointly–acquired property is18equally. Divorcedpersons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19up .The divorced male doesn’ thave a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait themonths.1.[A] by way of[B] as well as[C] on behalf of[D] with regard to2.[A] adapt to[B] provide for[C]compete with[D] decide on3.[A] close[B] renew[C]arrange[D] postpone4.[A] In theory[B] Above all[C] In time[D] For example5.[A] Although[B] Lest[C] After[D] Unless6.[A] into[B] within[C] from[D] through7.[A] sine[B] or[C] but[D] so8.[A] test[B]copy[C]recite[D] create9.[A] folding[B] piling[C] wrapping[D] tying10. [A] lighting[B] passing[C] hiding[D] serving11. [A] meeting[B] association[C] collection[D]union12. [A] grow[B] part[C] deal[D]live13. [A] whereas[B] until[C] for[D] if14. [A] obtain[B] follow[C] challenge[D]avoid15.[A] isolated[B] persuaded[C] viewed[D] exposed16.[A]wherever[B] however[C] whenever[D]whatever17.[A] changed[B] brought[C] shaped[D] pushed18.[A] divided[B] invested[C] donated[D] withdrawn19.[A]clears[B] warms[C] shows[D] breaks20.[A]while[B] so what[C]once[D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crimeto employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness〞by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That ’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a fewother countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22.The phrase“impinging on〞(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]setting perfect physical conditions[B]caring too much about models’character[C]showing little concern for health factors[D]pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C]Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside〞alongside the royal family. Shakespeareand the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever〞. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air〞. Hill ’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’tmake countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off –plan〞building where local people might object. Theconcept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis〞equals “concreted meadows〞is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain ’spublic sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics[B]is fully backed by the royal family[C]didn ’tstart fill the Shakespearean age[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS27.According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development[B]The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan 〞building[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29.The author holds that George Osbornes’ preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain[D]the political life in today ’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business〞wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. 〞But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal〞that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company ’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect〞whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act （FCPA〕.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that ， among prosecuted firms ， those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm ’spolitical influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’srecord in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials. 〞says one researcher.Researchersadmit that their study does not answer the question at how much businessesought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression“more lenient〞(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’sCSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,〞the paper’s publisher said back in 2021.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper ―printing presses, delivery trucks ― isn’tjust expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’thave the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’twaste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,〞he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you〞.Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,〞he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn ’tpick a year to end print, 〞he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product〞.and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,〞Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.〞In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessedwith it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year―more than twice as much as a digital― only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,〞Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive〞.36.The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A]the increasing online and sales[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the high cost of operation37.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sedition for good[C]seek new sources of leadership[D]aim for efficient management38.It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that “alegacy product〞[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that in a changing world[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges[D]legacy businesses are becoming out dated40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]shift to online newspapers all at once[B]Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C]keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numberedparagraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark youranswers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success〞era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 41As an executive coach, I ’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.〞(It ’s OK to use characterizations like that )43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try ahair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn ’tto become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don ’thave to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’tunderstand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere, like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem – confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It ’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, wethink of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students withrelevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures Inyour essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning , and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【参考答案】：Section I1-5 BDCAC 6-10 ACCDB 11-15 DDBAC16-20 DBACASection IIPart A21-25. ADBCA 26-30. ADCDD 31-35. ACDBA36-40. DABCDPart B41-45. BGDEFPart C46.我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。

2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)

2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation。

句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。

under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。

47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【解析】本句的主干为：no boy could be ignorant that...，意思为：没有人会不了解...，可以翻译成：人都了解...。

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析_1

2021年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflection on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to relyon their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析：(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.结构分析：Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //as the special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.词义推敲：traditionally 传统上来说legal learning 法律的学习view …as…把…看作…institutions 公共机构the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利preserve 禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利rather than 而不是necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能an educated person 受过教育的人参考译文：传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。

2021年考研英语一完整答案加解析

考研英语一完整答案加解析xx考研英语一完整答案加解析对答案不能只知道答案，而不知道这个答案是如何得来的。

下面是搜集的xx考研英语一完整答案加解析，欢迎阅读，希望对你能够提供帮助。

1.[A] 本题考查介词的辨析。

空格所在部分填入介词，第二句后半部分是进一步说明，前后递进关系，所以只能选A besides.2.[C] 本题考查并列关系。

所选的词前有并列连词and, 所以前后位对应关系，and之前说，拥抱能让你感觉跟别人跟亲近，那么and后也应该为令人关系亲密的，所以选connected，有联系的。

其他意思都不符合。

3.[B] A本题考查固定短语的辨析。

空格处的名词构成的短语是a...of ..。

只有a host of 表示许多的，很多的，填入到文章中，表示很多的健康利益。

其他一般不跟a ...of .搭配用，而且套入之后，意思也不符合。

4.[A] 本题考查动词的用法。

这几个此后都可以用动名词做宾语，但是意思完全是不一样的。

本句说，一个温暖的拥抱能够帮助你____得病。

此处，一定是避免让你得病，所以只有A选项符合。

5.[D] 本题考查动词义辨析。

空格处填入的动词是说，这项研究涉及或者包含的多少人，其他词从意思上与此不匹配。

比较容易混的是collecting,但它指集合、搜集的意思。

6.[A] 本题考查固定搭配。

空格处填入的介词与前边effect是一体的，effect后边的of之后的部分都是修饰effect的，把of到hugs部分去掉，答案自然就出来了，指对参与者敏感性的影响。

只有effecton sth符合。

7.[D] 本题考查动词的辨析。

文章说在___-病菌后容易感冒，那一定是接触到病菌后容易感冒了，be exposed to sth接触...,最符合意思。

因此，D exposed为正确答案。

8.[C] 本题考查固定搭配。

Come downwith 得病，生病的意思，此处翻译为：容易得感冒;e along with随同;e across with偿付;e out with 发表，出版。

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)_1

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association underwhich the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the samesort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.真题解析46. It may be said //that the measure (of the worth of any social institution) is its effect (in enlarging and improving experience); / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.句子结构分析(1)该句是由but连接的并列复合句，句子的主干是it may be said…but this effect is not a part.(2)that引导的是宾语从句，其句子的主干是the measure is its effect.(3)本句是并列句，与汉语语序基本一致，可以采取顺译法。

2021考研英语备考：beyond的中文翻译解析

2021考研英语备考：beyond的中文翻译解析2021考研英语备考：beyond的中文翻译解析一、beyond的中文释义prep.1.指空间在...的那一边;向...的那一边;远于2.指时间迟于，晚于3.指程度深于;指范围越出;指可能性、理解力、能力等非...可及4.指品质、习性等处于...之外，超脱于5.除...之外ad.1.在更远处;往更远处;再往后2.此外不可数名词：1.更远处2.来世;不可知的彼岸英语解释in additionfarther along in space or time or degreeon the farther side from the observer例句The holiday was beyond all expectations,ie better than was hoped for.假日过得比预期的好得多.Indeed, it seemed beyond doubt that sociological jurisprudence had at last found acceptance by the highest court of the land确实，似乎已无可怀疑:社会学的法理学终于为美国最高法院所接受。

Beyond all question, this is the most voluptuous scene we have yet looked upon毫无疑问，我们从未见过这么娇媚的景致。

Beyond the wall is another plate which will serve as a "backstop"这道墙的后面有另一块作为后障的板Theres too much to see beyond auckland to justify spending too much time in the city, so head south to Waitomo除奥克兰外,其附近还有许多美得让人留恋忘返、值得一看的胜景,所以千万别错过去南面的怀托摩。

2021考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案解析

2021考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案解析Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)World war was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth:(48)in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake/ For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years,(49)and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chiefsocializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s,European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.46.【题干】Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.【答案】战争结束后，一些社会随之出现了。

2021年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析考研英语真题

2021年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析考研英语真题20__年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析 20__年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析 Section I Use of English : Directions: Read the following te_t.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geicist.As James Fowler, professor of medical geics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity e_ists in smell genes is difficult to e_plain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing geically similarfriends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this couldhelp_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being amajor_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply e_plain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European e_traction, care was taken to_(20)_that allsubjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1.[A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 2.[A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3.[A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by 4.[A] pared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5.[A] tests [B] objects [C]sles [D] e_les 6.[A] insignificant [B] une_pected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible 7.[A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know 8.[A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9.[A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus 10.[A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps 11.[A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like 12.[A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit 13.[A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with 14.[A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15.[A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier 16.[A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]e_press17.[A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive 18.[A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19.[A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20.[A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Readthe following four te_ts.Answer the questions below each te_t by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Te_t 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of therepublican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is onthe wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics thate_plains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized.And also, the Middle East e_cepted, Europe is themost monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters).Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchi es will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to e, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish e_le.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will e with Charles, who has both ane_pensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain [A] used turn enjoy high public support [B] was unpopular among European royals [C] cased his relationship with his rivals [D]ended his reign in embarrassment 22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment 23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4? [A] Aristocrats’ e_cessive relianceon inherited wealth [B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies [C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families [D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges 24.The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles [A] takes a rough line on political issues [B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised [C]takes republicans as his potential allies [D] failsto adapt himself to his future role 25.Which of the following is the best title of the te_t?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace bined [B] Charles,An_ious to Succeed to the Throne [C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs [D]Charles, Slow to Reactto the ing Threats Te_t 2 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assessthe implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that e_ploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse.The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.But e_ploring one’s smart phone is more likeentering his or her home.A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history andprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of “cloud puting,” meanwhile, has made that e_ploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to e_pect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing.In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.The court, though, may want to allow room for policeto cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor, pares the e_plosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to [A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of [A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that e_ploring one’s phone contents is parable to [A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] s canning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that [A] principles are hard to be clearly e_pressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30.Orin Kerr’s parison is ed to indicate that [A] the Constitution should be implemented fle_ibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered Te_t 3 The journal Science is adding ane_tra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibilityof many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusionspu blished in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven e_perts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by t he journal’s internal editors, or by its e_isting Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find e_ternal statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNut t said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientificresearch and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group.He says he e_pects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.” John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most wele step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential thane_pert review,” he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are e_pected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly monin published research, according to David Vau_, a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards, he wrotein 20__, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vau_ says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that [A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is mon in research projects.32.The phrase “flagged up” (Para.2) is the closest in meaning to [A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishmentof the SBoRE may [A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an e_le for other journals.34.David Vau_ holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future 35.Which of the following is the best title of the te_t?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are ing Back with Science Te_t 4 Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’sdaughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could bee one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding panies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill,Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 20__1 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has bee normal that well—paid e_ecutives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,fle_ibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any mon humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by [A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism [B] panies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that [A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime [B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference [A] revealed a cunning personality [B] centered on trivial issues [C] was hardly convincing [D] was part of a conspiracy 39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows [A] generally distorted values [B] unfair wealth distribution [C] a marginalized lifestyle [D] a rigid moral cote 40.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? [A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] mon humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in e_citing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part B Directions: In the following te_t, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable onefrom the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to prehend, in the sense of identifying meanings forindividual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your e_plicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a conte_t for thete_t, for instance, by making decisions about what kindof speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of prehension.But they show prehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, prehension will not followe_actly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fi_ed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the te_t to the world.(43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social e_periences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for te_ts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about te_ts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given te_t also depends to some e_tent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bringan implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for andcounterbalances to one another.Together, they make up the reading ponent of your overall literacy or relationship to your surroundingte_tual environment.[A] Are we studying that te_t and trying to respondin a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed arelikely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social classwill encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest.On the assumption that they will bee relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, notnecessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basisof interaction between what we might call te_tual andconte_tual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a te_t’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the te_t.Section III Translation Directions: Read the following te_t carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiarto America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, hada character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and16th-century e_plorations of North America.In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Me_ico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their si_- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the an_ious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost ine_pressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house whiche_tended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV Writing Part A 51.Directions: You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about 100 words remending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your remendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B 52.Directions: Write an essay of 160-20__words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) e_plain its intended meaning, and 3) give your ments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析 I cloze 1.[A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 【答案】[D] what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

2021考研《英语一》翻译答案

2021考研《英语一》翻译答案
46. 【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

47. 【参考译文】如今，任何想申请研究职位的人都必须已经发表了两倍的论文数量，这样的数量要求只有十年前申请同一职位时才是如此。

48. 【参考译文】例如，有人已经在评估申请人的论文时，尝试除了纳入关于数量的衡量标准以外，还纳入有关质量的衡量标准，以此来多次试图遏制这种趋势。

49. 【参考译文】如果科学家不能很轻易地在他们未来的出版物中引用他们自己的论文，或者让合伙人为他们这样去做，以换取类似的好处，那么这种引用索引将会是合理的。

50. 【参考译文】如果我们真的想确保我们的科学是有意义和可再生的，我们必须确保我们的院校鼓励这种科学。

第 1 页共1 页。

2021考研英语：深度翻译解析一

2021考研英语：深度翻译解析一考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：深度翻译解析一”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2021考研英语：深度翻译解析一一、来源：16年的来源于National Geography 《国家地理》。

原文标题是Surviving the Sneaky Psychology of Supermarket。

二、整体分析：整篇文章146词，共7句话，比较稳定，没有超出以往的难度。

前6句话的长度比较平均，最后一句略有难度，涉及的考点也是定语从句的识别和翻译。

与往年一样，段首句即为中心句，所以主题显而易见——超市购物心理学。

三、逐句详解：1) The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.难度解析：这句是一个简单句，句型较为简单。

重点考查的其实是短语be designed to do sth.(旨在……), as… as possible(尽可能……), lure(诱惑，引诱)。

除此之外，spend的理解需要结合下文，下文是The longer you stay in the store，说明spend的对象是时间，而不是金钱，故不能译为“消费”，而应该译为“花费时间”。

参考译文：超市旨在诱惑顾客花费尽可能多的时间在店内闲逛。

2) The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy.难度解析：这句考查比较结构the +比较级…, the+ 比较级…，较为简单。

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2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2021考研英语：历年翻译解析一考研英语翻译及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：(本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分)1. 水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

翻译：Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, marchonward, march forward) withgreater strides in 1980’s.3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：(本大题30分)(文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段)(1)The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when factsproved his theories wrong.Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.(2)Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低温学), are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液态氦) and other gases into “superfluids”and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant toelectricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).翻译：Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)(1)阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。