限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如：

This is the very pers on that is wan ted by the police

He is the man who /that lives n ext door .

It was a meeting whose importanee I did not realize at the time .

非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先行词关系比较松散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去：

He will not be able to spe nd the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him.

The minister , who is to visit our university , is said to be a Qin ghua Uni versity graduate.

The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore , is very useful in impro ving your spoke n En glish.

The bus in essma n, whose suitcase has bee n found by a stra nger , has left for Beiji ng.

如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc) 作限定词的名词词组，其后的

定语从句通常为非限制性的。例如：

The Thames which is now clea n eno ugh to swim in , was polluted for over

a hun dred years.

My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia , will fly back tomorrow.

All of these books, which have been donated by visiting professors , are to

be used by the children in Hope School.

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词，代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如：

They say he plays truant, which he doesn 't. [which 指代plays trua nt]

The meeti ng was put off till n ext mon th, as we hoped. [as 扌旨前

面的句子]

下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：

表一：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

3.2定语从句中的关系代词

321关系代词that, which, who 在定语从句中做主语

在限制性定语从句中，who或that用于指人，that或which用于指物，它们在定语从句中代替名词性主语或代词性主语，不能省略。例如：

He is the manwho/that lives here .[不能说：x He is the man who he lives here.]

The bag which /that has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong.

3.2.2 who(m), which, that 在定语从句中作宾语

表示人的时候用who(m)或that,它们在从句中代替名词性宾语或宾格代词，作定语从句宾语的whom/that通常可以省略，在口语中常用who代替whom例如：He' s the man whom that I met .

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

表示动物和东西的时候应用which/that:

The pieces of music (that ) he has composedare sung by manypop sin gers.

Taxes consist of money ( that ) people pay to support their gover nment.

They' re the postcards which I sent from America .

3.2.3 who(m), which 或that作介词的宾语，关系代词可省略。

定语从句的介词的位置非常重要，我们可以说：

He is the person to whom I wrote .［非常正式用法］(但不可以说：x to who).

或：He is the person who (n) I wrote to . /He is the person (whorj)

I wrote to .

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk .［非常正式用法］或：This is the pan which I boiled the milk in . / This is the pan (that/which ) I boiled the milk in

3.2.4 whose + 名词

关系代词whose是既可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，一般用来指人，代替所有格形容词( my, his, your, her, its 等)，在从句中当定语，没有阴性、阳性或单数、复数的变化；有时也可指物，指物时可以用of which 代替。例如：

The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams.

The bicycle whose brake was damagedhas now been repaired. =The bicycle, the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired.

Edis on is a great inven tor whose fame is world-wide .

3.2.5 that 的用法

1、that只用于限制性定语从句，既可指人，又可指物，在句中用做主语或宾语。(见 3.2.1、3.2.2 )

2、当先行词是all ，much little, the one, anything, something, nothing,

everything, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只用that。例如：