如何写英文科研文章

合集下载

如何写一篇英文科技论文

１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１６７１－４８９Ｘ．２０１５．１０．１２０
如何写一篇英文科技论文
◆尹小军康健刘永立赵福军陈海波
摘
要根据形成英文科技论文的模式ＩＭＡＲＤ（即引言、材料和
件很困难的事，即便是对英语国家的人，很多时候他们的
论文也因为语言问题被退稿。即便英语不是母语，科技论
文也应符合标准英语语言的习惯（句型、语法、拼写等）。
英文科技论文的句子应该是完整的，读者容易理解的。
英文科技论文的撰写有一个基本模式ＭＡＲＤ法
研究有多好，都不会产生很大的影响英文论文写作是一
该研究领域有一个深刻、全面的理解，能够给读者阐明研
究是多么重要。引言部分应该说明的一些基本问题：这是
一
个什么问题？存在一些解决的方法吗？哪个方法是最好的？它的主要不足是什么？期待解决哪些问题？方案是否已经完成？引言部分的时态应是一般过去时（一般的背景内容，本文中将要完成的描述）、现在完成时（过去到现
一
定的专业知识，尽可能地用参考文献的形式，用图和表
该问题是否新颖，是否有研究价值。引言是反映作者对该
研究领域熟悉程度的一个标志。
来描述和分析实验方法。在该部分需要提及研究的地点和

英语科技论文写作(一)

作业
• 结合你导师给定的课题查文献，列出相关的文献：中、英文综述文章，中、英文博士硕士论文、权威书籍、重要杂志文献。 • 查相关的专利、国内外目前开展的项目。
如何写科技学术论文
如何写英语科技学术论文
四川大学制造学院苏真伟教授
Brief CV of Zhenwei Su
• 2004-2009: Sichuan University, professor • 1997-2004: UK Universities visiting scholar,post-doc, research fellow • 1982-1997: Sichuan University, PhD, lecturer, associate professor • 1978-1982: Xian Jiaotong University, Mechanical Engineering Department • 1970-1978: Farmer or worker in Sichuan
如何了解我所在领域最具影响力的研究人员?
如何选择合适的期刊发表论文？
当我们完成了某项研究之后，通常需要选择一个合适的途径发表自己的研究成果，那么怎样找到最合适自己研究领域的期刊发表发表论文呢？您可以利用Web of Science数据库的检索结果分析功能 (Analyze)来解决这一问题。

眼睛犀利，才能飞得高！
为什么要阅读文献
我们很多的时候，闷在实验室闭门造车，实在不如稍抽出一点时间看看文献。我的大老板说，要想有成绩，别无他法，只有读，读，大量的读文献，尤其国外的。
主要的信息源
• 学术期刊（中文、英文） • 博士、硕士论文（中文、英文） • 学术网站（中文、英文） • 专利网站（中文、英文） • 书籍（中文、英文）对低级研究人员：中文第一对高级研究人员：英文第一

英文科技论文的写作

10
四、如何评价科研论文
评论研究问题： (1)看提出的问题是否有研究价值，研究内容有无指导意义，研究结果能否应用到实践中。 (2)论文立意是否有创新，是否有重复别人的工作，即使是同一个主题也要不断增加新内容、新方法。 (3)看研究问题的发生率是否高，问题是否带有普遍性。 (4)论文标题是否具体、鲜明、确切和具有吸引力。
8
3、科学性和准确性、
所谓科学性，就是要正确地说明研究对象所具有的特殊矛盾，并且要尊重事实，尊重科学。具体说来，包括论点正确，论据必要而充分，论证严密，推理符合逻辑，数据可靠，处理合理，计算精确，实验重复，结论客观，等等。所谓准确性，是指对客观事物即研究对象的运动规律和性质表述的接近程度，包括概念、定义、判断、分析和结论要准确，对自己研究成果的估计要确切、恰当，对他人研究成果(尤其是在做比较时)的评价要实事求是，切忌片面性和说过头话。
19
三、标题的写法
学术文章的标题主要有三种结构：名词性词组(包括动名词)，介词词组，名词词组+介词词组。也用一个疑问句作标题(多用在人文社会科学领域)。一般不用陈述句或动词词组作标题。
20
1、名词性词组、
名词性词组由名词及其修饰语构成。名词的修饰语可以是形容词、介词短语，有时也可以是另一个名词。名词修饰名词时，往往可以缩短标题的长度。以下各标题分别由两个名词词组构成。例如： Latent demand and the browsing shopper (名词词组+名词词组) Cost and productivity (名词+名词)
1、创新性或独创性、
某一篇论文，其创新程度可能大些，也可能很小，但总要有一些独到之处。“首次提出”，“首次发现”，当然是具有重大价值的研究成果，这毕竟为数不很多；在某一个问题上有新意，对某一点有发展，应属于创新的范围。在实际研究中，有很多课题是在引进、消化、移植国内外已有的先进科学技术，以及应用已有的理论来解决本地区、本行业、本系统的实际问题，只要对丰富理论、促进生产发展、推动技术进步有效果，有作用，报道这类成果的论文也应视为有一定程度的创新。

科技英语写作与英文科研论文

第一部分科技论文英文写作技巧第一节词汇1 概述1.1 生物医学英文论著写作要点用中文和英文写作论著的基本原则是一致的。

英文写作对于非英语国家的人来说，存在语言障碍。

因此，写作英文论著，既要熟知生物医学论著写作的共同要点，又要学会准确使用英文。

对于初学者，在阅读英文文献时要注意英文表达方式，逐渐积累形成语感。

应该用英文“写作”，切忌先写出中文后．再逐词逐句翻译成英文。

在开始写作时，寻找与本研究内容相近的英美作者的论著作为写作参考，从模仿入手。

用英文表达的研究成果，必须在以下方面注意英文表达的特点和习惯，摆脱中文写作习惯方式带来的干扰。

1.2 单词（word）单词是英文中最基本的单元。

选择单词的原则是准确（precise）、简单（simple）、必要（necessary）和熟悉（familiar），还要符合医学的规范和习惯。

1.3句子（sentence）句子是单词的排列组合。

除了注意英文一般语法规则外，必须符合简明、直接了当的原则。

在1个句子中说明l项事物，将句子的主题用主语表示，动作以动词表示，并选择恰当的句型。

1.4 段落（paragraph）段落是若干个句子的排列组合，用以表述1个主题（或信息）。

应当合理组织句子，保持段落内容的连续性、流畅性和逻辑性，注意句子之间的连接方式，使段落合乎逻辑地表达1个主题。

1.5 节（section）按论著格式，若干段落组成节（section），如摘要、引言、材料和方法、结果讨论等。

每一节都要按照相应的要求组织，并围绕论著主题明确表述设想、实施、结果、得到的论点等各个环节，应注意各节之间的关系和连接。

1.6 全文（paper）论著全文除了上述的各节内容外，还有题目、作者姓名、单位、地址、参考文献、致谢等内容。

写完全文后，应当检查各部分内容是否明确、重点地反映了论著的主要论点，检查有无遗漏、错误，并仔细作文字调整和润色。

有条件时，可请英文水平较高的专业人员或外国专家对论著进行审阅和修改。

如何写好英文科研论文作文

如何写好英文科研论文作文英文，Writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, and clear communication. Here are some tips for writing a successful research paper.First and foremost, it's important to choose a topic that is both interesting and relevant to your field of study. This will not only make the writing process more enjoyable, but it will also ensure that your paper contributes meaningfully to the existing body of knowledge.Once you have chosen a topic, it's time to conduct thorough research. This may involve reading academic journals, books, and other scholarly sources, as well as conducting experiments or surveys if necessary. It's important to take detailed notes during the research process, as this will make it easier to organize and structure your paper later on.When it comes to actually writing the paper, it's crucial to maintain a clear and logical structure. This typically involves an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should flow smoothly into the next, and all arguments and claims should be supported by evidence.In addition to a strong structure, it's important to pay attention to the language and style of your writing. This means using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon or overly technical terms, and ensuring that your paper is free from grammatical and spelling errors.Finally, it's essential to properly cite all sources used in your paper. This not only gives credit to the original authors, but it also helps to strengthen the credibility of your own work.In conclusion, writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, clear communication, and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can increase the likelihood of producing asuccessful and impactful research paper.中文，写好一篇英文科研论文需要仔细的规划、深入的研究和清晰的表达。

英文论文写作

注意：阐述已有工作局限性时，评价必须客观公正、摊子不要铺太大 (一两个创新性或亮点可深入解决足矣)。
❸挖掘和强调自己研究的重要性或创新性可从以下角度。如：(1)时间问题；(2)研究手段问题；(3)研究区域问题；(4)存在不确定性； (5)研究的完全创新性（We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved with our proposed method (approach). ）
3.2 Proton transfer dynamics control the mechanism of O2 reduction by a nonprecious metal electrocatalyst. (Nature Materials, 2016, 15,754–759 )
3.3 Femtosecond control of electric currents in metallic ferromagnetic heterostructures. (Nature Nanotechnology 2016, 11,455–458)
4.4 Optimized quantum sensing with a single electronspin using real-time adaptive measurements. (Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11,247–252)
有些表征手段或者研究方法生来就是让人膜拜的，特别是一些原位的表征手段，能够直观地告诉人们以前得不到的一些信息。
展望我们工作的价值
Abstract写作举例（更简洁版）

英文文章的写作

施一公经验之谈：从1994年自己写第一篇科研论文的艰难，到现在写起来得心应手、驾轻就熟，我总结出如下经验。

1.要写好科研论文，必须先养成阅读英文文章的习惯，争取每天30～60分钟。

刚开始可以选择以读英文报纸、英文新闻为主，逐渐转为读专业杂志。

我会在近期专门写一篇文章介绍一套行之有效的增强读专业杂志能力的办法。

2.写科研论文，最重要的是逻辑。

逻辑的形成来自于对实验数据的总体分析。

必须先讨论出一套清晰的思路，然后按照思路来做图表（Figures），最后才能执笔。

3.具体写作时，先按照思路（即Figures）写一个以subheading（小标题）为主的框架，然后开始具体写作。

第一稿，切忌追求每一句话的完美，更不要追求词语的华丽，而主要留心逻辑（logic flow），注意前后句的逻辑关系、相邻两段的逻辑关系。

写作时，全力以赴，尽可能不受外界事情干扰（关闭手机、座机），争取在最短时间内拿出第一稿。

还要注意：一句话不可太长。

4.学会照葫芦画瓢。

没有人天生会写优秀的科研论文，都是从别人那里学来的。

学习别人的文章要注意专业领域的不同，有些领域（包括我所在的结构生物学）有它内在的写作规律。

科研文章里的一些话是定式，比如“To investigate the mechanism of……，we performed……”（为了探索……的机制，我们做了……），“These results support the former，but not the latter，hypothesis……”（这些结果支持了前面的观点，而不是后面的，假设……），“Despite recent progress，how……remains to be elucidated……”（尽管最近的进展，如何阐明……）等等。

用两次以后，就逐渐学会灵活运用了。

在向别人学习时，切忌抄袭。

在美国一些机构，连续7个英文单词在一起和别人的完全一样，原则上就被认为抄袭（plagiarism）。

介绍科研经历英文作文

介绍科研经历英文作文英文：During my time as a researcher, I have had the opportunity to work on several interesting projects that have allowed me to expand my knowledge and skills in the field of science. One of the most memorable experiences I had was when I was involved in a study on the effects of climate change on marine life. This project required me to spend several months conducting fieldwork on a remote island, where I had the chance to observe and collect data on the behavior of various marine species.The experience was both challenging and rewarding. I encountered numerous obstacles, such as inclement weather and equipment malfunctions, but I also had the chance to work alongside a team of dedicated and passionate scientists who were equally committed to the project's success. Together, we overcame these challenges and were able to gather valuable data that contributed to theunderstanding of how climate change is impacting marine ecosystems.In addition to this project, I have also been involvedin research that focused on the development of new medical treatments. This work allowed me to collaborate withexperts in the field and gain a deeper understanding of the process of translating scientific discoveries intopractical applications that can benefit society.Overall, my experiences as a researcher have been incredibly fulfilling. I have had the chance to work on projects that have not only expanded my knowledge but also allowed me to contribute to the advancement of scientific understanding. I look forward to continuing my work in this field and am excited about the opportunities that lie ahead.中文：在我作为研究人员的时候，我有机会参与了几个有趣的项目，这些项目让我扩展了在科学领域的知识和技能。

英文论文的详细格式(英文论文写作格式)

英文论文的详细格式（英文论文写作格式）英文论文的写作主要用于参加国际学术研讨会，以促进中外学术和文化交流；在国际学术期刊上发表论文，在国际上分享科研成果，并在英语论文中进行学术交流；此外，英文论文还包括英语相关专业人士必须用英语撰写学术报告或毕业论文等。

标题大纲摘要1、英文摘要是一篇文章，旨在以符合英语语法的语言提供论文内容的摘要。

（内容与中文摘要基本相同，但不需要完全判断。

）2、英文标题、摘要、关键字进入一个页面（可以是1页），放在中文摘要页面之后。

3、英文字体和行间距：在“Western字体”中使用“Times New Roman”，1.5行间距。

4、英文名称：使用第三个单词bold。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶部网格，使用第四个字母和粗体。

英文摘要使用第四个字母。

6、英文关键词：“关键词”顶部网格，使用第四个单词和粗体。

对每个关键字使用第四个单词文本在文中引用如果引用少于三行，则引文可以有机地整合到纸张中。

如果要引用的单词具有与需要删除的纸张无关的单词，则需要省略号。

如果省略号出现在引文中，请使用三个点。

如果它出现在引文的末尾，请使用四个点。

最后一个点表示句点并放在第二个括号之后（通常，避免在引用开始时使用省略号）；点和字母之间或点和点之间的空格。

参考书目每个项目的第一行需要打印在顶部网格中，并且所有行都需要缩进五次以区分该项目与其他项目。

英文摘要英文论文摘要，也称为摘要，是论文的重要组成部分。

它旨在提供文献内容的摘要，没有评论和补充说明。

一篇简短的文章，准确描述了文献的重要内容。

摘要应该是独立和不言而喻的，并且与文献具有相同数量的信息，即，可以在不阅读全文的情况下获得重要信息。

摘要通常放在标题之后，即文章的第一篇。

在论文发表后，论文的摘要经常被文献检索系统收集。

英文摘要一般为200-300个单词，并且有一个与英文抽象表达相对应的中文摘要。

,。

如何撰写英语科研论文标题、摘要与关键词

如何撰写英语科研论文标题、摘要与关键词科研人员在着手撰写英语论文时，通常会将大部分时间用在文章的“主要部分”（方法、结果和讨论部分）。

对论文标题和摘要则考虑甚少，而对关键词则关注更少，通常只是在期刊投稿系统中临时编写输入。

但实际上，这三个要素–题目、摘要和关键词是实现论文发表的非常关键的成功因素。

题目、摘要和关键词：其重要性何在题目、摘要和关键词对研究的交流具有关键性作用。

如果没有这三个要素，大多数论文可能将永远无法为目标读者阅读甚或是发现1-4。

其原因如下：∙大多数的电子搜索引擎、数据库或期刊网站利用你的英语论文题目、摘要及一系列的科研论文关键词来决定是否及何时向目标读者显示你的论文。

1,2,5-8因此，这三个要素可使你的论文得以有效传播；否则，读者将不能发现或引用你的论文。

∙题目和摘要通常是唯一可免费在线阅读的的论文部分。

1,9因此，读者找到你的论文后，将通过阅读标题和摘要决定是否购买整篇论文或继续阅读。

2-4∙最后，摘要是期刊编辑和评审员阅读的论文的第一部分。

事务繁忙的编辑可能通过摘要来决定是否将论文送出进行同行评审或予以拒稿，而评审员则通过阅读摘要形成对论文的第一印象。

10由于这三个要素对帮助读者发现并阅读你的研究具有关键性作用，因此本文就如何关于撰写醒目的英语论文标题和摘要及选择合适的科研论文关键词制定了一系列的指导原则（根据期刊网站和学术写作指南编制，列于参考文献中）。

撰写标题期刊网站和搜索引擎利用论文标题中的词语将论文归类及向目标读者显示论文，而读者则使用论文标题作为决定是否阅读论文的第一步。

这就是优秀的标题（一般长度为10-12个字）6,7使用描述性的词语准确突出论文核心内容的原因（例如：研究的物种、评估的文章或讨论的技术）。

1,5下面是关于撰写醒目标题的一些参考步骤（包括示例）：回答几个问题：我的论文是关于什么？使用了什么技术／设计？谁／什么研究？结论是什么？∙My paper studies whether X therapy improves the cognitive function of patients suffering from dementia.∙It was a randomized trial.∙I studied 40 cases from six cities in China.∙There was an improvement in the cognitive function of patients.用答案来列出关键词∙X therapy∙Randomized trial∙Dementia∙ 6 Chinese cities∙40 cases∙Improved cognitive function1. 使用关键词造句:This study is a randomized trial that investigates whether X therapy improved c ognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan; it reports im proved cognitive function. （28字）2. 删去赘字（如：study of、investigates）以及重复字；连结剩下句子。

英文科技论文写作方法

英文科技论文写作方法科技论文的目的是沟通，所以科技论文必须是让读者可以清晰的感知到要表达的内容，所以无论从表达方法还是组织方式上，都必须是标准清晰的。

下面带来的是英文科技论文写作方法，希望对你有所帮助！目前在大学中，专业英语课程开设已经相对普遍，但课程设置一般将专业词汇，语法，专业文献阅读与写作并重，这样英文科技论文写作只有大约四分之一的课时或者更少，相对得到较少的重视，单独开设英文科技论文写作的院校更是寥寥无几。

然而在本科高年级及研究生的学习过程中，科技论文的写作方法对毕业论文及期刊论文发表显得尤为重要，下面就科技论文写作的教学内容，方法和意义谈一点自己的看法。

英文的科技论文写作是以科技词汇，语法，熟练阅读方法为基础的，属于专业英语课程中高级的内容，所以学习科技论文写作，必须是在整个英语能力提高的基础上进行的。

在科技论文写作的专项内容之前，基本的英语能力应该首先打扎实。

（一）科技论文写作的概要科技论文写作是科研工作者的必修课，科学研究工作中，沟通主要是靠科技论文，所以科研人员学术水平的衡量标准在很大程度上是他论文的发表情况。

科技论文不能不得到重视，科技论文不像其它文章的写作，不需要过多修饰，只需要严谨和清晰，要简洁无累述。

从古时起，人类便通过各种文字符号作为沟通的主要手段，这便成为科学与文明的主要传载者，也是科技论文发展的前身。

当今，科技论文写作即是以规范的形式，通过规范的审核及流程，正规发表在期刊上的过程。

所谓正规发表即是，有可以被评估的原始资料，可以被重复的实验过程，可以被评估的推导过程。

（二）科技论文各项内容的写作要点科技论文写作应该分为：标题，摘要，引言，正文，结论，讨论和 __几大部分。

科技论文的标题位于第一行正中，不用加标点，常用动名词的短语代替完整的句子。

如有要加副标题，用冒号隔开。

作者的姓名和地址写在标题的正下方，中 __姓名和地名均按照汉语排序用汉语拼写书写即可。

摘要是全文的高度概括，使读者可以通过它迅速了解全文。

如何提高研究生科研和实践能力英文作文

如何提高研究生科研和实践能力英文作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Be a Great Researcher and Do Cool ExperimentsHi friends! Today I want to talk about being a graduate student. Graduate students are really smart grown-ups who go to an extra special school after college called graduate school. At graduate school, they learn tons of new things and do lots of research and experiments to make amazing discoveries!Being a graduate student is super hard work, but also really exciting. You get to study whatever you're most interested in and passionate about. Maybe you love chemistry and want to find a new way to make medicines. Or perhaps you're obsessed with galaxies and stars and want to explore outerspace. As a graduate student, you get to follow your biggest dreams and curiosities!To be a successful graduate student researcher, you need to have some key skills. First off, you have to be really really good at studying and learning. In graduate school, you'll read hundreds of books and papers on your topic to learn everything there is toknow about it. You have to pay close attention, take good notes, and work hard to understand all the details and background info.It also really helps to be creative and able to think outside the box. The best researchers come up with brand new ideas that no one else ever thought of before. You have to let your imagination run wild and not be afraid to think differently than others. Don't just believe everything you read – question it! There are always new possibilities to explore.Another important skill is being patient and persistent. Experimenting and doing research takes a very long time. You might spend weeks or even years running test after test before you find the result you're looking for. You have to keep trying and never give up, even when it's frustrating. The greatest scientists are the ones who don't quit.On top of brains and hard work, you need excellent practical skills too. Graduate students have to be experts at using all kinds of complex tools and technologies like microscopes, telescopes, computers, and lasers. You can't be afraid to get your hands dirty in the lab! The best way to get good at equipment is practice, practice, practice.It's also crucial to have strong math, writing, and public speaking abilities. Researchers need math for analysis, writing forpublishing papers, and speaking for presenting findings. Communications skills make sure you can share your work with others.One of the most fun parts of being a graduate student is going out into the field to collect data and samples. You might travel to rainforests, deserts, oceans, or even outer space! Fieldwork lets you explore the world while doing hands-on science. Just make sure to pack plenty of snacks!Running experiments is exciting but can also be kind of scary sometimes. What if your hypothesis is wrong? What if your test fails? The most important thing is to not be afraid of mistakes. Incorrect results don't mean you're a failure - that's just how science works! Every error is an opportunity to learn something new.Overall, becoming an amazing graduate student researcher just takes passion, curiosity, commitment and hard work. It's challenging but so rewarding when you finally make a breakthrough that could help or even change the world. If you've got the brains and guts for it, go for it! Graduate school can be the adventure of a lifetime.I hope you enjoyed learning about what it takes to be a great scientist. Maybe one day you'll discover the cure for a disease,build a new rocket ship, or just get really really smart about your favorite topic. The key is to never stop wondering, thinking and experimenting. Happy researching, friends!篇2Title: Becoming a Super Smart Researcher in Grad SchoolHi there, friends! Today, I'm going to share some tips on how to become a super smart researcher during your time in graduate school. Being a grad student is tough, but if you follow these ideas, you'll be unstoppable!First up, let's talk about reading. As a grad student, you'll have to read a ton of books and research papers. But reading can be fun if you find topics you're really interested in. Look for papers and books about the coolest new discoveries orlife-changing inventions. That'll make reading feel like an adventure!When you read, take notes on the most important points. You can use colored pens or pencils to make your notes more fun and easy to understand later. Don't be afraid to ask your professors questions if you don't understand something. The best researchers are always eager to learn more.Speaking of learning, going to classes and seminars is super important too. Pay close attention, and if you have a chance, ask the speakers lots of questions. You never know what amazing new ideas you might discover just by being curious!Another key to being a research rockstar is practicing your skills as much as possible. If you're studying chemistry, spend time in the lab running experiments. If you're into computer science, write tons of code and build awesome programs. The more you practice, the better you'll get!When you're working on a research project, keep an open mind and think creatively. The coolest discoveries happen when people aren't afraid to try new things or look at problems in a different way. Don't be scared to take risks and explore uncharted territory. That's how the greatest inventors and scientists make their mark!It's also crucial to stay organized. Use calendars, to-do lists, and folders to keep track of all your assignments, experiments, and notes. Being messy will only slow you down and make it harder to do your best work.As you're working away, remember to take breaks now and then. Go for a walk, play a game, or hang out with friends. Givingyour brain a rest will help you recharge and come back to your research feeling refreshed and ready to tackle new challenges.Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Turn to your professors, classmates, or even researchers at other schools if you're really stuck on something. Collaboration and teamwork are huge parts of doing great research.Finally, have fun and stay curious! Science and research are full of amazing mysteries just waiting to be solved. If you keep an open, playful mindset and work really hard, who knows what incredible things you might discover or create?Well, those are my tips for becoming a research superstar in grad school. It'll take a lot of hard work, but if you follow this advice, you'll be well on your way to changing the world with your brilliant mind! What are you waiting for? The future of science awaits!篇3How to Be a Super Smart Researcher and Do Really Cool ExperimentsHi everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about how to be a totally awesome researcher when you go to graduate school.Being a graduate student researcher is fun but it's also really hard work. You have to study a ton, do experiments in the lab, and write papers and reports. It's like being a scientist or explorer discovering new things!The most important thing is to pick a great topic that you really really like. If you choose something boring, you'll get tired of it super fast. But if you pick something you think is fascinating, you'll wake up every day excited to learn more about it! My older sister is getting her master's degree in marine biology because she's obsessed with sharks. How cool is that?Once you find your topic, you have to learn everything you can about what research has already been done on it. That means reading through old books, scientific journals, and online articles. Take notes as you read so you don't forget important stuff. If there's something you don't understand, ask your professor for help. That's what they're there for!After you learn about all the previous research, it's time to come up with your own questions that no one has answered yet. What are you curious about related to your topic? What knowledge gaps can you try to fill in? Coming up with the right research questions is seriously hard, so take your time.Brainstorm a bunch of ideas and then pick the best ones to investigate.Now the really fun part starts - doing experiments and collecting data! You get to be like a detective using all sorts of scientific methods and equipment to find answers. Depending on your field of study, you might run trials in a lab, conduct surveys, observe things in nature, or dig through historical records. Whatever you do, you have to be extremely careful, follow all the safety rules, and log everything in your notebook.Experimenting can be frustrating because stuff often goes wrong and you might not get the results you expect. That's normal though! Real research is all about trying new things, making mistakes, and learning along the way. The most successful researchers are the ones who don't get discouraged easily.Once you gather all your data, you have to analyze it very systematically using statistics, visualizations like graphs and charts, and critical thinking. Look for patterns, trends, and anything surprising or unexpected in your results. Then try to explain what you found in a clear way that helps answer your original research questions.The last big step is to share your research with others by writing reports, giving presentations, or maybe even publishing papers. This is important because Contributing new knowledge helps make the whole world smarter! Use diagrams and pictures to explain your methods and findings. Be honest if there were any limitations in your study. And don't forget to cite your sources properly.Doing research can be a slow, difficult process with lots of challenges. But it's also incredibly rewarding to systematically examine something no one else has looked at before. You'll become an expert in your topic and could potentially make groundbreaking discoveries that change people's understanding! How amazing is that?In addition to researching, graduate students usually get to put their knowledge into practice through internships, teaching, or working on applied projects. This gives you invaluablereal-world experience using what you've learned in your studies. It's a chance to get out there and explore different career paths you might want to pursue later on.For example, maybe you'll get an internship at a forensic science lab if you're studying chemistry and criminology. Or if you're getting a degree in environmental engineering, you couldtry remediating pollution at contaminated sites. Students in educational psychology programs often work as teaching assistants to get classroom experience.No matter what kind of practical work you do, it will help you develop critical professional skills like communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving. You'll gain moreself-confidence in your abilities. And you'll make important connections with people already working in your desired field.So in summary, here are the main tips for being an awesome researcher and practitioner in graduate school:Study something you find fascinating, not boring.Read tons about previous research to learn what's already known.Come up with new, interesting research questions to investigate.Carefully design and conduct experiments to collect data.Analyze the data thoroughly and see what interesting things you discovered.Share your findings by writing reports and giving presentations.Get hands-on, practical experience through internships, jobs, or applied projects.Don't get discouraged - research is hard but also super rewarding!If you work really hard and follow these steps, you'll become a true expert in your topic. You'll gain valuable knowledge and research abilities. And you'll contribute exciting new discoveries to make the world a smarter, better place!Being a graduate student researcher is challenging for sure. But it's also an amazing way to explore your passions, think critically, and solve mysteries about how things work. If you stick with it and never give up, you can achieve anything!篇4How to Be a Super Scientist: Tips for Grad StudentsHi friends! Today I want to talk about being a great scientist when you grow up and go to graduate school. Graduate school is where you can study really cool and important things to make the world better. But it's also really hard work! Here are some tips to help you become a super scientist:Read, read, read!If you want to learn about your favorite science topics, you have to read a ton. Read books, journals, websites - anything you can find! The more you read, the smarter you'll get. It's like exercise for your brain muscles.Ask millions of questionsThe best scientists never stop asking "Why?" You should always be curious and question everything around you. Why is the sky blue? Why do birds have feathers? Why does your little brother stink so bad? Asking questions leads to amazing discoveries!Observe the worldAlong with asking questions, you need to observe the world very carefully. Scientists use their five senses - seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching - to notice details others might miss. Observing helps you find mysteries to solve.Experiment! Experiment! Experiment!The funnest part of science is doing experiments. You get to put on a white lab coat, use weird tools, and mix chemicals together. Sometimes experiments go wrong and you make a gross mess - but that's okay! Failed experiments teach you just as much as successes.Take tons of notesWhenever you read something, observe something new, or do an experiment, write it all down. Good notes help scientists remember important details and see patterns over time. Your notebook is like a scientist's best friend!Practice presentingAs a scientist, you'll need to share your work by writing papers and giving presentations. Practice explaining your ideas clearly to family and friends. Use simple words they'll understand and lots of pictures or demos to make it interesting.Work as a teamScience is collaborative - you'll work with other scientists on big projects. Practice listening carefully, compromising when you disagree, and letting others share their ideas too. Teamwork makes the dreamwork!Never give upPursuing science takes hard work, patience, and perseverance. You'll face many challenges like failed experiments, rejected papers, and mean critics. But remember - every famous scientist faced setbacks too! As long as you keep trying, you'll achieve great things.Stay curious and creativeThe greatest scientists think outside the box and imagine impossible things. Read science fiction, daydream about future inventions, and explore new realms of possibility. There's still so much in the universe left to discover!Do what you loveAbove all, make sure to study a science topic that you feel passionate about. If you truly love your subject, studying and researching it will be fun, not work. When you wake up excited to learn more each day, you'll go on to change the world.So there you have it - my top tips for becoming an amazing scientist one day. It won't be easy, but if you follow this advice, you'll join the ranks of geniuses like Einstein, Curie, and Newton. Study hard, stay curious, and never stop exploring our wondrous universe! Science rules!篇5How to Be a Great Researcher and Practice Maker in Grad SchoolHi friends! Today I want to tell you all about how to get really good at doing research and making things if you are a graduatestudent. Maybe you are thinking "But I'm just a kid, why do I need to know about that?" Well, it's never too early to start learning! Who knows, maybe one day you'll want to be a scientist or engineer when you grow up. The skills I'm going to share will help you get ready for that. So let's jump right in!The first thing you need to be an awesome researcher is curiosity. You have to really want to learn new things and find out how stuff works. Don't just take everything for granted. When you see something cool or weird, ask "Why is it like that? How does it do that?" Then you can dive deeper to understand it better. Looking at the world with curiosity is step one.Next, you have to be patient and keep trying when things don't work right away. Research is hard and it takes a long time to figure things out sometimes. The greatest scientists in history all failed a zillion times before they made their big discoveries. If your experiment doesn't work out, don't get frustrated! Think about what went wrong, make some changes, and try again. Being persistent is really important.Another big part of research is being able to read, write, and communicate well. You have to study a lot about your topic by readingbooks, papers, and articles. Take good notes and try to understand everything deeply. Then you need to share your ownideas by writing reports and giving presentations. If you can't explain your work clearly, nobody will understand it!Of course, you also need some smarts in things like math, science, engineering, and computer stuff depending on what kind of research you want to do. Don't worry if you aren't a brain genius - you can study hard and get better at those subjects. Just keep practicing and don't give up when it gets tough.Okay, now let's talk about the practical making side of things. Grad students have to be able to design, build, and test out their ideas in the real world. You can't just think about stuff theoretically, you have to get your hands dirty too!One of the most important skills is learning how to use tools properly and safely. Things like soldering irons, drills, saws, 3D printers, and all sorts of other gadgets. Don't play around with them unsupervised when you're a kid. But pay attention when teachers show you how they work so you can be skilled with tools later on.You also need to work on your hands-on building abilities. Take things apart and put them back together again. Snap together Lego models. Make arts and crafts. Bake cookies. Any kind of practical making experience will help! The more youpractice, the better you'll get at figuring out how to design and construct things that actually function right.As well as building stuff, you have to test it out thoroughly to make sure it works properly and safely. Be really systematic and make sure to document everything with notes andphotos/videos. Change one thing at a time and see what happens. That way you can identify problems and improve your creations. Testing is a huge part of getting things right.The last skill I'll mention is about working well as part of a team. Most big research projects involve lots of people collaborating together. You have to learn how to communicate respectfully, divide up tasks fairly, keep updating each other, and cooperate nicely. If everyone works together, you can accomplish way more than going solo!Phew, that was a lot to cover! Let me summarize the main points again:Be curious and want to understand how things workBe patient and keep trying if experiments failRead, write, and communicate clearlyStudy hard subjects like math and scienceUse tools safely and properlyPractice hands-on building and makingTest your creations thoroughly and systematicallyCooperate well as part of a teamIf you can develop all those abilities, you'll be an amazing researcher and maker when you grow up! It takes a lot of hard work, but it's such a fun and rewarding experience. Maybe you'll cure a disease, build a giant rocket, or program asuper-intelligent robot someday. The possibilities are endless if you dedicate yourself. Just always stay curious, keep practicing, and never give up! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇6How to Be a Super Scientist: Tips for Grad StudentsHi there! Are you a graduate student who wants to become a master researcher and problem solver? Well, you've come to the right place! In this essay, I'll share some secrets on how to boost your science skills to the next level. Get ready to become a super scientist!First up, let's talk about research. As a grad student, you'll be doing lots of research projects and experiments. To be a researchrockstar, you need to be really curious and ask tons of questions. Don't just accept what you're told – keep digging deeper to understand things better. It's like being a detective, always searching for clues and explanations.Another crucial skill is observation. You need to have sharp eyes to notice even the smallest details in your experiments. It's like playing a game of "I Spy" but way more important! Closely watch what happens and write down everything you see. The more you observe, the more you'll learn.When you're doing research, you'll probably face some challenges along the way. That's okay – in fact, it's great! Challenges help you grow and become stronger. Don't get discouraged; instead, put on your thinking cap and get creative with solutions. It's like solving a big puzzle, and the more you practice, the better you'll get.Speaking of practice, that's huge when it comes to research. The more experiments you do, the more comfortable you'll become in the lab. It's kind of like learning to ride a bike – a bit wobbly at first, but soon you'll be zipping around like a pro! Practice also helps you learn from your mistakes, which is super important in science.In addition to practical research skills, you'll need to work on your writing abilities. As a scientist, you'll be sharing your findings through research papers and reports. Clear writing is key so that others can understand your work. Pretend you're an author writing a bestselling book – you want your readers to be hooked from the first page!Another vital skill is public speaking. You'll probably have to give presentations about your research, so it's important to speak clearly and confidently. Imagine you're a teacher explaining a tricky concept to your class. Use simple language, speak slowly, and don't be afraid to repeat things for clarity.Finally, let's chat about teamwork. A lot of science happens through collaboration these days, so you'll need to be a team player. Listen to your labmates' ideas, compromise when needed, and always lend a helping hand. It's kind of like being part of a super sciency club – you all want to make incredible discoveries together!Whew, those are a lot of skills to master! Don't worry though, you've got this. Just remember to stay curious, practice a ton, and never give up when you face a roadblock. Before you know it, you'll be a bonafide super scientist, amazing the world with your awesome research abilities!。

英文科研论文写作技巧

英文科研论文写作简介1. 引言英文论文写作的前提是有创新研究成果，创新研究成果的关键是选题。

“An acceptable primary scientific publication” must be “the first disclosure”.科研论文写作常出现的一个误区是：以为好论文是“写”出来的，只要会写，论文总能被接受发表。

其实，论文被发表只是结果，这个结果是和一系列科研环节密切相关的，论文写作只是其最后一个环节。

在选择科研课题和工作切入点时，就需特别注意，一定要有创新内容，科学研究的灵魂是创新，重复别人的工作，从科研的角度来说，是没有意义的。

值得注意的是，阅读有关英文科技论文，不仅可以了解研究进展和动态，而且，可以学会科技英文表达。

同样，选题很好，研究工作做得不够细致、深入，也难有说服力，难以成为有价值的研究工作。

由于本书只介绍英文科研论文的写作，不讲如何做研究，因此只介绍有了好的研究成果后如何写成合格的科研文章。

The goal of scientific research is publication. Scientists, starting as graduate students, are measured primarily not by their dexterity in laboratory manipulations, not by their innate knowledge of either broad or narrow scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured, and become known (or remain unknown) by their publications.A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published.Thus, the scientists must not only “do” the science but must “write” science. Bad writing can and often does prevent or delay the publication of good science.2.科研论文的一般格式。

科研英文文章总结范文

Abstract:The increasing global concern about climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel resources have led to a growing interest in renewable energy technologies. This article summarizes the recent advances in renewable energy technologies, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. The challenges and future prospects of these technologies are also discussed.1. IntroductionRenewable energy technologies have become a crucial part of the global energy landscape in recent years. The continuous development and improvement of these technologies have led to increased energy efficiency, lower costs, and reduced environmental impact. This article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in renewable energy technologies and their potential impact on the future of energy supply.2. Solar EnergySolar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Recent advances in photovoltaic (PV) cells have led to higher efficiency and lower costs. The development of thin-film solar cells, which are more flexible and less expensive than traditional crystalline cells, has further expanded the application of solar energy. Additionally, the use of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems has increased, which allowsfor the storage of solar energy for use during non-sunny periods.3. Wind EnergyWind energy is another significant renewable energy source. The recent advancements in wind turbine technology have led to higher efficiency and lower noise levels. The use of larger and more efficient turbines has increased the capacity of wind farms, making them more competitive with traditional fossil fuel power plants. Furthermore, the integration of wind energy with other renewable energy sources, such as solar and hydroelectric power, has improved the stability and reliability of the power grid.4. Hydroelectric EnergyHydroelectric energy is one of the oldest and most established renewable energy sources. Recent advances in small-scale hydroelectric power plants have made them more accessible and cost-effective. Additionally, the use of run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plants, which do not require large reservoirs, has minimized environmental impact. The development of hydrokinetic energy, which harnesses the energy of flowing water, has also gained attention.5. Geothermal EnergyGeothermal energy is a renewable energy source that utilizes the Earth's internal heat. Recent advancements in geothermal power plants have led to increased efficiency and reduced costs. The development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) has expanded the potential for geothermal energy production, allowing for the exploitation of areas with low-grade geothermal resources.6. Challenges and Future ProspectsDespite the significant advancements in renewable energy technologies, several challenges remain. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources requires the development of energy storage solutions, such as batteries and pumped storage systems. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy into the existing power grid requires careful planning and management to ensure stability and reliability.The future of renewable energy technologies looks promising. With continued research and development, the efficiency, cost, and environmental impact of these technologies are expected to improve. As governments and private sectors increasingly invest in renewable energy projects, the global energy landscape is likely to shift towards a more sustainable future.7. ConclusionThe recent advances in renewable energy technologies have brought us closer to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future. Aswe continue to overcome the challenges associated with these technologies, the transition to renewable energy sources is inevitable. The global community must collaborate and invest in the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies to ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for all.。

科研创新英文作文

科研创新英文作文英文：In my opinion, scientific research and innovation are crucial for the progress of society. As a researcher myself, I believe that the pursuit of knowledge and the desire to create new solutions to problems are what drive us forward.One of the key aspects of scientific research is collaboration. By working with other researchers, we can combine our expertise and knowledge to make breakthroughs that would be impossible on our own. This is particularly important in fields like medicine, where amultidisciplinary approach is often necessary to solve complex problems.Another important factor in scientific research is funding. Without adequate funding, it can be difficult to conduct the necessary experiments and studies to make progress. This is where government agencies and privateorganizations can play a crucial role in supporting research and innovation.Ultimately, the goal of scientific research and innovation is to improve the lives of people around the world. Whether it's developing new medical treatments, creating more efficient technologies, or finding solutions to global challenges like climate change, science has the power to make a real difference.中文：在我看来，科学研究和创新对社会的进步至关重要。

英文科技论文初级写作技巧

只要发英文文章，就要遵循规则，不会写或者写不好不是抄的理由。

在英美体系中，作者写的东西属于创作，是不能剽窃的。

除非只想混文凭而已。

若搞科研，不从最初提高自己，遵循科研的规则，则百害无益。

一些常见的英文文章语言技巧1如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如：However, little information..little attention...little work...little datalittle researchor few studiesfew investigations...few researchers...few attempts...or nonone of these studieshas (have) been lessdone on ...focused onattempted toconductedinvestigatedstudied(with respect to)Previous research (studies, records) has (have)failed to considerignoredmisinterpretedneglected tooverestimated, underestimatedmisleadedthus, these previus results areinconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial..Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...这种引导之后一般会提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。

如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However, data is still scarcerareless accuratethere is still dearth ofWe need toaim tohave toprovide more documentsdatarecordsstudiesincrease the datasetFurther studies are still necessary...essential...为了强调自己研究内容的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍自己研究问题的反方面，另一方面等等。

学术短文essay模板

学术短文essay模板
一、引言（Introduction）
1.主题阐述：简要介绍文章的主题和目的，引发读者兴趣。

2.研究背景：阐述相关领域的研究现状、存在的问题以及本文研
究的意义。

3.研究问题：明确本文要解决的问题或探讨的观点。

二、文献综述（Literature Review）
1.已有研究概述：对相关领域的研究进行概括和评价。

2.研究空白：指出已有研究中存在的问题和不足之处。

3.本文贡献：说明本文对已有研究的补充和完善，以及对相关领
域的发展贡献。

三、研究方法（Research Methods）
1.研究设计：说明研究的基本设计和方法。

2.数据采集和分析：介绍数据来源、处理和分析方法。

3.实验或调查过程：详细描述实验或调查的操作过程。

四、结果与讨论（Results and Discussion）
1.结果呈现：将实验或调查结果以图表、数据等形式展示出来。

2.结果分析：对实验或调查结果进行深入分析，探讨其内在机制
和意义。

3.结果与文献比较：将本文结果与已有研究进行比较和分析，进
一步验证本文观点和结论。

4.结果解释和讨论：对结果进行解释和讨论，指出可能存在的限
制和不足之处，并提出改进建议。

五、结论（Conclusion）
1.总结观点：概括本文的主要观点和结论。

2.研究意义：阐述本文研究的理论和实践意义。

3.未来研究方向：提出进一步研究的方向和建议，为相关领域的
发展提供参考。

用英文写作科技论文的一般格式

收稿日期:2003-08-09作者简介:万灵(1970—　),女,湖北浠水人,汉族,讲师,主要从事大学英语的教学与研究工作。

用英文写作科技论文的一般格式万　灵(黄石高等专科学校公共课部,湖北黄石435003)摘　要:文章从论文题目、作者姓名、摘要、关键词、正文、致谢、参考文献、附录,作者简介等几个方面详细介绍了用英语写作科技论文的一般格式,对用英语进行科技论文写作的科研人员具有借鉴作用。

关键词:英语;科技论文;写作;格式中图分类号:H315 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-8245(2004)01-0030-04G eneral Writing Form at of Scientif ic Paper in E nglishW an L i ng(Department of Basic Courses ,Huangshi Polytechnic College ,Huangshi Hubei 435003)Abstract The article narrated the general writing format of scientific paper in English Particularly by the paper ’s Title ,Author ’s name ,Abstract ,K ey words ,Body ,Acknowledgements ,References ,Appendix and Resume.It has use for reference to people who work on scientific research and write paper in English.K eyw ords English ;scientific paper ;writing ;format1　引言随着我国改革开放的进一步深入,与国外学者进行学术交流的机会越来越多,其中的一种方式就是在国外专业英语刊物上根据自己的实验结果或科研成果发表学术论文,以便接受国外同行的检验,提高科研水平。

提出科研问题英文project范文

提出科研问题英文project范文As we delve into the realm of scientific research, it is crucial to identify relevant and thought-provoking questions that can lead to significant contributions in our respective fields. 作为科研工作者，我们深入探索科学研究的领域时，必须确定相关且发人深省的问题，这将有助于在各自领域做出重大贡献。

One pressing research question that has piqued my interest is the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. 随着气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响逐渐加剧，这是一个迫切的研究问题，也引起了我的兴趣。

Another intriguing question revolves around the potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine. 另一个引人注目的问题是关于干细胞在再生医学中的潜在治疗应用。

Furthermore, the question of how artificial intelligence and machine learning can be leveraged to improve healthcare outcomes is a topic worthy of exploration. 此外，人工智能和机器学习如何被利用来改善医疗结果的问题也值得探讨。

In addition, the question of how to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystems is of great importance in today's rapidly urbanizing world. 此外，如何减轻城市化对生物多样性和生态系统的影响的问题在当今迅速城市化的世界中至关重要。

用英文介绍科研经历

用英文介绍科研经历I would like to share my research experience with you. In my undergraduate studies, I was exposed to various research opportunities in neuroscience and psychology. My research journey started with a summer internship at a local research institute where I assisted in a project investigating the cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia. This experience ignited my interest in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders.Following this, I joined a research lab at my university where I worked on a project investigating the effects of early-life stress on the brain and behavior of animals. I was involved in various aspects of the project, including animal handling and behavior testing, histological techniques, and data analysis. This experience provided a deeper understanding of the mechanics of research and allowed me to develop various practical skills.During my senior year, I undertook an independent research project which focused on investigating the relationship between empathy and social anxiety in college students. This project involved designing and distributingonline surveys, analyzing data, and presenting findings at a departmental conference. This experience gave me a sense of autonomy and helped me to develop project management skills.Overall, my research journey has allowed me to delve into the intricacies of science and has given me a better understanding of the importance of research in understanding complex phenomena. I have learned a great deal about various research techniques, the importance of attention to detail, and effective communication of research findings. This experience has also helped me to build critical thinking skills and has encouraged me to continue exploring research opportunities in the future.以上是科研经历的英文介绍。