@with复合结构专项练习

with复合结构

with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是考查的热点。请看下面的句子。There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young”。

在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.

在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。

1.with复合结构的构成

with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1）With+宾语+介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

He lay in bed with his head covered.

3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）

With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.

4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

5）with+宾语+形容词/副词

With John away，we've got more room.

Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

2.with复合结构的作用

with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）

2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）

3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）

4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）

5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）

6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语）

注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。

1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）

2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：

1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through [解析] 答案 C。本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”作为连词，意为“因为、由于”，其后必须跟从句；作为介词，意为“作为”，从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with，意思是“因为、由于”。句意是：由于生产（产品）上升了60% ，

这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。

2.(Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. Besides

B. With

C. As for

D. Because of [解析] 答案 B。这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须

要填一个介词，而不能填连词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由

于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合

构成“ with + n / pron + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的

用功了

1>“with + n / pron + v-ing” 这一结构在句子中作伴随状语，说明情况，其中现在分词

表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如：

① ________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都毕业班

第一次诊断试题）

A. Since; runs out

B. Because; run out

C. With; running out

D. For; running out

[解析] 答案 C。“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲，是连词，其后只能跟

从句，不能跟复合结构，所以不能选A、B、D。由于 run out是不及物动词短语且与our food

之间存在主谓关系所以只能用 running out 结构，with在这里表示原因，故答案是C。句意

是：在我们的食物快要用完的情况下，我们不得不向附近的村子求援。

②.When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed,

________ his lips moving.

A. as

B. with

C. for

D. through