剑桥商务英语资料大全
剑桥商务英语复习材料
剑桥商务英语复习材料
1.《剑桥商务英语高级口语》：这本书是针对剑桥商务英语高级口语考试的复习指南。
里面包含了大量的口语练习题和模拟对话，帮助你提高在商务场景下的口语表达能力。
2.《剑桥商务英语高级写作》：这本书主要针对剑桥商务英语高级写作考试。
它提供了大量的写作练习题和范文，并提供了写作技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语写作水平。
3.《剑桥商务英语高级听力》：这本书集中训练剑桥商务英语高级听力能力。
它包含了大量的听力练习题和听力材料，并提供了听力技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语听力水平。
4.《剑桥商务英语高级阅读》：这本书是剑桥商务英语高级阅读考试的复习指南。
它提供了大量的阅读练习题和阅读材料，并提供了阅读技巧和策略，帮助你提高商务英语阅读水平。
5.《剑桥商务英语高级词汇与语法》：这本书针对剑桥商务英语高级词汇和语法进行复习。
它提供了词汇和语法的练习题，并提供了详细的解释和答案解析，帮助你巩固商务英语的词汇和语法知识。
此外，你还可以通过参加剑桥商务英语模拟考试或参加商务英语培训班来进行系统的复习和练习，提高自己的商务英语能力。
BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材
BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐准备报考BEC剑桥商务英语考试的同学，你们知道官方推荐的考试用书是什么么?下面是店铺精心为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐，以下是店铺为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材，希望能帮到大家！一、《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》内容简介：《体验商务英语》系列教材为学习者提供了全新的学习方式，即在体验中学习商务英语，进而提高运用英语进行商务交际的能力。
该系列教材是在培生教育出版集团出版的MarketLeader和powerhouse系列教材的基础上改编的，由《综合教程》、《听说教程》、同步练习《教师用书》和配套的录音、录像资料等组成。
教材特点：将国际商务活动引入课堂，体验真实的商务世界。
角色扮演和案例学习将体验式学习引向深入，教学设计严谨，为体验式学习打好基础。
教学资源丰富，为体验式教学提供有力支持。
点评：作为老牌商务英语品牌的引进教材，极好地保留着美国人的实用主义特点。
MarketLeader注重于应用，尤其是每个单元的案例分析十分有利于体验式教学。
加上其文章都来自于FT，不但内容精炼，在应用的广泛度和流行程度上也做到了有力保证。
该系列教材非常适合公司英语培训、公司英语内训等教学使用，亚洲最大的公司英语培训公司马科里得的首选教材就是这套《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》，就是看中它具有MBA特点的案例教学设计。
刚刚出版的第三版在应用的贴合度上又有不少改进，非常值得期待。
二、《新编剑桥商务英语》内容简介：剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)考试是一种全新的实用型考试，侧重考察真实工作环境中的英语交流能力，专为广大商务英语学习者量身定做，获得全球众多教育机构及企业的认可，并将其作为入学考试或招聘录用的英语语言水平要求。
《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书》增加了学生用书中由于篇幅限制无法保留的部分内容，如详细的教学笔记、习题答案、听力文字材料和进一步的学习参考;还提供了内容高度凝练、充满趣味而且可以模仿的学习活动，是职场新人和广大师生们最理想的选择点评：这就是大家所熟知的BEC了，有相应的考试。
剑桥商务英语词汇大全
剑桥商务英语词汇大全.Unit 1 the 3 sectors of economy经济的三个部分Infrastructure 基础结构Lean produce 精益生产Warehouse 仓库Industrial units 工业区Residential building 住宅区Agricultural land 农耕区Housing estate地产Managing director 董事总经理，总裁Wholesale outlet 批发商店Retail outlet 零售店Calculation of price 价格计算Added value 增值Smelt 熔炼，提炼Mill 磨Weld 焊接Ex works 出厂价Up stream 上游Down stream 下游Total picture 全局Maintenance 保养，维修Bauxite 铝土矿Coil 线圈Cement 水泥Labor cost 劳力成本Semi-finished 半成品Finished product 成品Department of health 卫生部Primary sector 第一产业Secondary sector 第二产业Tertiary sector 第三产业Raw material 原材料Administration 管理Law 司法Computing 计算机操作Personnel 人事Distribute 分配，配送Health care 医疗卫生Logistics 物流Assemble 装配Disassemble 拆卸Assembling line 生产线Iron ore 铁矿石Division of labor 劳动分工Heavy industry 重工业Light industry 轻工业Marketing 市场营销Chain of command 指挥系统，行政管理系统Core technology 核心技术Know-how 技术诀窍Labor-intensive 劳动密集型Technology-intensive 技术密集型Capital-intensive 资本密集型Hinterland 内地，腹地Initial outlay 初期投资Garments 服装Unit 2 management 管理Manager’s job= planning+ organizing+ leading+ con trolling Allocate resources 分配资源Pay and promotion 薪酬和晋升Modify 修正Line manager 一线经理Immediate line manager 直接下属的一线经理Top manager 高层经理Top management 高层管理Middle management 中层管理Supplier 供应商Public authorities 政府部门Be advised 听取意见Distributor 分销商Swiss franc 瑞士法郎Appreciate 升值Depreciate 贬值Component of economy 经济部门Good will resource 商誉Human resource 人力资源Natural resource 自然资源Market share 市场份额Monopoly in/ of/ on 垄断，专利品Management skills 管理技能Management tactics 管理技巧Decision-making 决策Board of directors 董事会Chairman of the board 董事长High-performance car 高性能汽车Tangible/ physical resources 有形资源Capital resources 资本资源Superior 上级Subordinate 下属Senior manager 资深经理Junior manager 初级经理Corporate culture 公司文化Check and balance 制衡Hardware 五金，硬件Monopoly/ lock 垄断Interchangement 互换Solution provider 方案提供商Chain store 连锁店Work experience 工作经历Working hour 工作时间Price v. 定价；比价Chief operation office 首席运营官Operation management 作业管理Financial management 财务管理HR management 人力资源管理Marketing management 销售管理Logistics management 物流管理OTC= over the counter 成药Arts 文科Science 理科Engineering 工科Simulate 仿造，模仿High-end product 高端产品Rock bottom price 最低价Frills 虚饰Target market 目标市场Empowerment 赋权Ad hoc 特别，专门Task force 特遣部队，特别行动组Cash and assets 现金和资产Buffer= cushion 起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway 余地，余裕Product 产品Productivity 生产率Produce 生产；特产local produce 地方特产Delegation 代表团Corporate statement = mission statement 公司主旨Aim/ vision 愿景Corporate image 公司形象For here 堂食To go 带走Focus group 焦点小组Innovation 创新，革新Manageable 可管理的，可处理的Set objective 设置目标Safety net 安全网Dismiss 解职，开除Expertise 专门技术Merchandise 商品，货物Verify 检验，核实IBM= International Business MachinesThe retail sector 零售业Predescribed quantities 预先定好的数量Layout 布局Sales staff 销售人员Working environment 工作环境Day-to-day logistics 日常物流，后勤Day-to-day running of the store 商店的日常运营Strategic management 战略管理Formulating strategy 制定战略Delegation 授权Parameter 参数High street= main street 大众的（商品）Replenish→replenishment （货物的）补充Members of staff 公司职员Voice your consent 抱怨Inventory = stock 库存Policy 保单（a contract of insurance）Philosophy 理念Regular meeting 例会，常规会议Accountability 问责性Unit 3 company structure 公司结构Recruitment 雇佣，招募Remuneration 报酬Department of legal affairs 法务部Purchase 采购部IT 信息技术部R&D 研发部Tooling 加工部Immediate boss 直接上司Immediate subordinate 直接下属Autonomous 自制的Decentralization 分散化，权力下放，分权Function 功能Hierarchy 等级Line authority 直线职权Report to 向……负责Subordinates 下属Matrix 矩阵Assistant manager 助理经理Manager assistant 经理助理Functional structure 机能结构= production+ finance+ marketing市场营销+ sales+ personnel/ HRLead time 订货交付时间Reorganization 改组Operating division 运营段，运营分部Overlap 重叠Commercial division 商业银行Private banking 私人理财International division 国际银行Investment division 投资银行Inherent problem 固有的问题Product manager 产品经理Market segment 市场细分Autonomy 自治权Priority 优先权Dimensional 四维基质的Sales force 销售队伍Commission 提成Optional features 可选功能，可选装置Cash balance 现金平衡Credit facility 信用工具Profit margin 利益空间Research and development spending 研发投入Self-financing 使用自有资金，自筹资金Organization chart 组织结构图Market research 市场调研（部）Teller 出纳Advertising and promotion 广告与促销Publicity 宣传Industrial belt 工业带Corporate ethos 公司风气Collaboration 协作Insulated = isolated 隔绝的Fragmentation 分裂Subsidiary 分公司Openness 开放性Downsizing 裁员Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Chief financial officer 财务总监Unit 4 work and motivation工作和动机Induce 劝诱，促使Incentive 动力，刺激Labor relations 劳资关系Labor union 工会Benefit 福利，津贴Perk 津贴，补贴Supplement 额外费用Bureaucracy 官僚主义Job safety 工作安全性Job security 工作稳定性Sales promotion 促销Remuneration 薪水Psychological well-being 心理满足Administration 行政管理Working condition 工作条件Paid holiday 带薪假日Sick pay 病假工资Pension 养老金Psychology of work 工作心理学Recognition 认可，承认Checkout till 结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout 结账柜台Till 现金出纳机Cash till 收银台Cash register 收银处Product line 生产线Product line-up 产品系列User-friendly 易于使用的Go round 分配Creature comfort 物质享受Interface 界面程序Annual bonus 年度奖金Corporate culture 公司文化= values价值观+ beliefs信条+ norms标准Dead-end job 没前途的工作Stock order = replenishment 货物补充Hygiene 卫生Play pool 打台球Health screening program 健康检查Sales floor 店面Trade floor 交易所Bus depot 汽车总站Profit-sharing programme 收益分享Career training 职业培训Working week 工作周Pre-school age children 学前儿童Premise 工作场所Subsidize 补贴Tinned food 罐装食物Piecework system 计件系统Pay scheme 薪酬计划Unit 5 management and cultural diversity 管理与文化多样性Localization 本地化Globalization 全球化Pay-for-performance 绩效工资Collectivist 集体主义的Sales rep 商品经销代理Universalist 普爱论者Particularist 排他主义者Glocalization 全球地方化Multinational 跨国公司Unit 6 recruitment 招聘Applicant 申请人Application 申请Application form 申请表Candidate 候选人Curriculum vitae = resume 简历Employment agency 职介机构Job description 职责描述Job vacancy 职务空缺Reference 推荐信Short-list 列入最后候选名单Covering letter= cover letter 附函Give notice 预先通知（辞退）A form of headhunters 猎头公司Follow up 跟进Preliminary selection 初选Testimonials 证明书，推荐书Synchronized sewing 同步缝纫Traineeship 培训Referee 介绍人，推荐人Controlling stake 控股权Contingency 意外事件Contingency plan 应变计划Contingency fund 以外开支准备金Core competence 核心竞争力Home provider 持家者Stereotype 成见Maternity leave 产假Sick pay 病假The trade 同行Trade union = labor union 工会Working class 无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearingChild-rearingAffirmative action 倾向性法案Positive discrimination 积极差别Corporate affairs 公司事务Allowances 津贴，补贴Unit 7 labor relationship劳资关系Trade union= labor union 工会Motorway 高速公路Collective bargaining 集体谈判Go-slow= slowdown 怠工Working-to-rule 按章工作Industrial action 劳工行动Picket 纠察Rate of production 生产速率Premises 企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource 外包Subcontract 转包Subcontractor 承包商Out of house 机构外部的In-house 机构内部的Backstreet 偏僻街道Bill 开出账单，收取费用Staff levels 人员配备情况Bargaining power 议价权Conglomerate 联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival 主要竞争对手Penalty point 违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go 打多少交多少话费Auditor 审计员Adversary 对手，敌手Working hours gongzuoshij Working practices 工作惯例Uneconomic job 不赚钱的工作Tyranny 专制Deregulation 解除管制Work force 劳动力Public sector 共有部门Unit 8 production生产Flexible production line 柔性生产线Trade-off 妥协，协调，平衡Opportunity cost 机会成本Sunk cost 沉没成本Raw materials 原材料Semi-finished 半成品Finished 成品Product defect 质量缺陷Excess capacity 剩余产能Fixed cost 固定成本Variable cost 可变成本Cash flow 现金流Information flow 信息流Material flow 物料流Logistics 物流Lost sales 销售损失Market share 市场份额Production run 生产周期Mother-board 主板Hard disc 硬盘Chip 芯片Chassis （汽车）底盘Call center 呼叫中心OEM= original equipment manufacter 设备原产商，贴牌制造商Lean production 精益生产= stockless production 零库存生产= JIT= just-in-time production 准时制生产= continuous flow manufacture 连续流程生产PPM= piece per million 每百万件瑕疵率Continuous improvement= kaizen= kaizan 改善哲学Deming cycle= PDCA= plan-do-check-act 德明环ERP= enterprise resources planning 企业资源计划Scientific outlook 科学发展观No slack 无松懈，无容余Hi-fi= high fidelity 高保真Wi-fi= wireless fidelity 无线保真Operation manager 操作经理，运营经理Lead time 交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing= contracting out 外包Plant 工厂Subcontractor 承包商，分包商Economies of scale 规模经济Handling 搬运Depreciation 贬值Set-up 机器设置Obsolescence 过时，废弃Theft 盗窃，偷盗Breakage 破损Leakage 渗漏Under-utilizing 开工不足Defective 次品Quantity discount 大宗购买折扣Stimulate demand 刺激需求Sabotage 蓄意破坏Throughput 生产量，加工阶段Throughput time 输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Product mix 产品组合Product line 产品系列，产品线Product range 产品范围QC department= quality department 质量部Knock-on 附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-on effect 连续反应Circuit board 电路板Implant 植入Transplant 移植Refine process 完善Refinery 精炼厂TQM= Total quality management 全面质量管理Assembling 组装Distribute 分销Equipment 设备，（企业除了房产以外的）固定资产Facility 设备Joint venture 合资企业Location 位置，选址Operation 操作，运营Parts 零件Recall 召回Storage 贮藏（量）Work in process 正在进行的工作Unit 9 products产品Launch a product 发布产品Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand preference 品牌偏爱度Brand switcher 转换不同牌子的人Product line 产品线Product line-up 全系列产品Product mix 产品组合（一种产品的不同形式）Product range 产品范围PLC= Product life cycle 产品生命周期Niche 缝隙Niche market 缝隙市场Line-stretching 产品线的扩展Line filling 产品系列的填补Market segment 细分市场Segmentation of the market 市场细分High-end market 高端市场Low-end market 低端市场Up-market 向高端市场Down-market 向低端市场Product image 产品形象Corporate image 公司形象Shelf life 货架期，存活期Sell-by date 销售期限Expiration date= expire date 产品有效期Eye-soreAround the clock 24小时营业Portion 一客Dehydrate 使脱水Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stakeholder 利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo 标志Slogan 口号Service station （高速公路旁的）服务站Desktop machine 台式机器Financing 融资Economics 经济情况，经济因素Color scheme 色彩主题，色彩搭配Credit facility 信用工具Warranty = guarantee 保修Maintenance 维修保养After-sales service 售后服务Brand name 品牌Brand 商标，牌子Shelf space 货架空位Product development 产品研发Profitability 利润率Vending machine 自动售货机Prototype 原型，雏形Augmented 扩张的Delivery 交货，交付Initiative 主动积极性Market share 市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brand strategy 多品牌策略Vandalize 蓄意损坏公物Retailer 零售商Colgate 高露洁Philips 飞利浦Procter & Gamble 宝洁Unilever 联合利华Yamaha 雅马哈Unit 10 marketing市场营销Marketing mix市场营销组合，营销要素组合= product+ promotion+ price+ placePromotion 促销= advertising+ word of mouth+ public relations+ point of saleMarketing= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 促销+ publicity and public relations 宣传和公共关系Optional 选择（配置）Standard 标准（配置）Personal selling 人员推销Direct marketing 直销Direct mail 直邮Business market= producer market= industrial 商务市场，生产资料市场Consumer market 消费市场List price 标价= suggested retail price= recommended retail price 建议零售价Management consulting 管理咨询Tie range 领带系列Texture 质地Lycra 莱卡Take remedial action 采取补救措施Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitive research 定量分析Internal research 内部分析Raw/ primary/ first-hand data 一手数据Secondary/ second-hand data 二手数据Academic journal 学术期刊Trade journal 行业期刊Wine testing session 品酒会Sample v. 尝试，品尝Distribution channel 分销渠道，配送渠道Market research= marketing research 市场研究，市场调研Centrality 集中性Console 控制台Focus group 焦点小组Head office 公司总部Market opportunity 市场机会Integration 整合Marketer 营销人员Publicity 宣传Questionnaire 调查问卷Sales promotion 促销活动Selling 推销Target customer 目标顾客Hard-sell 硬性推销Market segmentation 市场细分Point of sale 销售点Product concept 产品概念Product features 产品功能Sales representative 销售代理B2B= business to business 企业对企业Selling concept 销售概念Marketing concept 行销概念Differential advantage 差异优势Integrated marketing 整合营销Discount 折扣Payment periodCredit terms 信用调侃Product manager 产品经理Brand manager 品牌经理Annual report 年报Unit11 advertising广告Advertising account 广告客户Advertising agent 广告公司Advertising campaign 广告宣传，广告攻势Brief 摘要Budget 预算Commercial 广播或电视广告Comparative-parity method 相对平等方法，比较奇偶方法Cost per thousand= CPM 每一千个成本Counter-cyclical advertising 非循环的广告Diminishing returns 收益递减Exposure 暴露Frequency 频率Institutional advertising 机构广告= prestige advertising 声望广告Media plan 媒体计划Media space 媒体空间Message 讯息，广告词OTS= opportunity to see 可见机会Prospective customer 潜在顾客Sales revenue 销售收入Sponsorship 赞助Target market 目标市场Threshold effect 门槛效应Turnover 流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouth advertising 口口相传，口碑Billboard = hoarding 广告牌Classified advertisement 分类广告Paid advertising 付费广告Advertising strategy 广告策略Poster 海报Purchasing frequency 购买平率Buyer turnover 新入场客户Match 追平Excessive advertising 过度广告Voiceover 画外音Unit12 promotional tools促销工具Promotion tools 促销工具= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 提升销量+public relations 公共关系Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Coupon 优惠券Introduction stage 引入期Growth stage 增长期，上升阶段Maturity stage 成熟期Decline stage 衰退期，下降阶段Loss leader 特价商品Planning 计划Positioning 定位Price-conscious 对价格敏感的Sales force 销售队伍Salespeople 售货员Sample 样品Trial 尝试Free trial 免费试用Publicity 宣传Paid advertising 付费广告Novel product 新产品Aim 指向Reduction 降价Rebate 回扣Promotional strategy 促销策略Promotional tactic 促销技巧Reduced-price pack 经济装Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Dealer 代理商Off-season 淡季Unit 13 accounting and financial statements 会计和财务报表Accountancy 会计师Accountant 会计师Accounting equation 会计恒等式Accounting 会计学Accrue 自然增加Accrued expenses 应计费用Accumulate 累计Amortization 摊销Annual report 年度报告Appreciate 增值Auditing 审计Bookkeeping 簿记Capitalization 资本化Cash flow 现金流Cost accounting 成本会计Creative accounting 粉饰财务状况Credit 信用，贷方Creditors债权人= accounts payable 应付账款Debit 借方Debt 债务Debtors债务人= accounts receivable 应收账款Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股息，红利Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings 收益Expenditure 支出，花费Expenses 费用，开支Financial statement 财务决算，财务报表Finished products 成品，产品Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Going concern 持续经营Goodwill 商誉Income 收益Interest 利息Long term liabilities 长期负债Current liabilities 流动负债，短期负债Managerial accounting 管理会计Market capitalization 市场资本化Nominal value 票面价值Market value 市场价值Quantify 量化Retained earnings 留存收益Revenue （销售）收入Self proprietorship 独资企业Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stock= inventory 库存Liability for tax 税务负担Transaction 交易Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Prepare budget 编制预算Financial report 财务报表Value v 定价Income & expenditure 收入和支出Debits & credits 借与贷Assets & liabilities 资产与负债Unit cost 单位成本Auditing 审计IRS= Internal Revenue Service 美国税务署Tax authority 税务局CPA= Certificated Public Accountant 注册会计师File a tax return 报税Income tax return 所得税表Income tax 所得税Sales tax 销售税Self-proprietorship 个体户Partnership 合伙，合股Tax break 减免税Turnover 销售收入，总收入Charged against profits 从利润中扣除On credit 赊账Overheads= overhead 固定费用Variable cost 可变成本Shareholder= stockholder 股东Pay liabilities 偿债Purchase price 购买价Depreciation charge 折旧费Understate 低估Overstate 高估Inflation 通货膨胀Deflation 通货紧缩Historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Net book value 净账面价值= purchase value – depreciation chargeCurrent cost accounting 时价会计Replacement cost accounting 重置成本会计Specify v. 规定Profit and loss account= income statement 损益表(shows earnings & expenditure, i.e. turnover+ costs+ expensed+ overheads )Balance sheet 资产负债表(shows financial situation on particular date, i.e. assets+ long-term & short-term liabilities+ shareholder’s funds)Financial year 财政年度Assets 资产= debtors/ accounts receivable + intangible assetsIntangible assets 无形资产=patents 专利+ goodwill 商誉+ copyrights 版权+ trade marks 商标Liabilities 负债=creditors/ account payableLong-term liabilities= loans 贷款+ bonds 债券Short-term liabilities=taxes+ interests 利息Assets=liabilities+ owners’ equity 资本主权，业主产权（股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权）Assets-liabilities= owners’ equity/ net as sets 净资产Share capital 股本，股份资本Share premium= paid-in surplus 股份溢价（超过股票票面价值的所得）Market capitalization 市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves 储量profit→taxation, dividend, retained profitFunds flow statement 资金流量表Source and application of funds statement 资金来源和应用表Statement of changes in financial position 财务状况变动报表Consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表IAS= International Accounting Standards 国际会计标准Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 期初现金Net cash from operating activities 运营净现金Net profit 净利润Retained earnings 留存收益Non-current assets 非流动资产Pre-paid expenses 预付费用Treasury shares 回购股票Translation differences 折算差Deferred tax liabilities 递延税负债Interest-bearing liabilities 有息贷款VAT= value added tax 增值税Associated company 关联公司Minority interests 少数股权Proceeds 所得收入Unit 14 banking 银行业务Personal banking 个人银行业务Cash card 现金卡，借记卡Credit card 信用卡Cash dispenser= ATM= automatic teller machine 自动取款机，自动柜员机Home banking 家庭银行（网银+电话银行）Loan 贷款Mortgage 抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft= overdraw 透支Current account= checking account 活期账户Deposit account= time account= notice account 定期账户Standing order= direct debit 长期委托书The banking industry 银行业Commercial bank= retail bank 商业银行，零售银行Foreign currency 外币Foreign exchange 外汇Spread= margin 差额Credit 借贷Note 纸币Cheque= check 支票Coin 硬币Yield & risk 收益与风险Liquidity 资产流动性Maturity 到期Investment bank= merchant bank 投资银行Issue securities 发行证券Underwrite securities 包销，分销证券Merger 并购Takeover 收购，接管Stockbroker 股票经纪人Portfolio management 投资组合Fee and commission 佣金Universal bank 综合银行Central bank 中央银行Minimum interest rate 最低利率Discount rate 贴现利率Blue chip borrower 蓝筹公司Base rate= prime rate 基本利率Credit standing= credit rating= creditworthiness 信用评价Solvency 偿付能力Collateral 抵押品，担保物Foreign bank 外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency 外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar 石油美元Unit 15 stocks and shares股票Unlimited liability 无限责任Limited liability 有限责任Creditor 债权人Legal entity 法律实体Wound up 中止Liquidate 清算Venture capital 风险投资Memorandum of Association= Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照Article of Association= bylaws 公司条令Director 董事Public listed company= listed company= Publicly quoted company上市公司Shareholder= stockholder 股东Registrar of companies 公司登记处Over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Alternative Investment Market (London) 另类投资市场NasdaqBe quoted= be listed 上市Stock exchange 股票交易所Issue share 发行股票First Public Offering =IPO=Make a flotation= float a company首次公开募股Investment bank 投资银行Underwrite the issue 包销Rights issue 权利股发行Capitalize 资本化Bonus issue 红股发行Annual General Meeting= Annual Meeting of Stockholders 股东年会Residual value 残留价值Liquidation 清算Secondary market 二级市场Nominal value= face value= par value 票面价值Share= stock= equity 股票Blue chip 蓝筹Defensive stock 防御性股票Growth stock 成长性股票Insider share-dealing 内部交易Institutional investor 机构投资者Mutual fund 互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker 造市商Portfolio 组合投资Stockbroker 股票经纪人Cyclical trend 周期性趋势Pension fund 养老基金Insurance company 保险公司Unit 16 bonds 债券Obligation 负债Opportunity cost 机会成本Issue bonds 发行债券Blue chip company 蓝筹公司Rate 评价，估值Rating company 评估公司Standard & Poors 标准普尔Investment grade 投资评级Bearer certificate 不记名债券Primary market 一级市场Secondary bond market 二级债券市场Liquid 变现的Par 面值Coupon 息票Debt financing 负债融资Equity financing 股票融资Tax shield 税收挡避Debt-equity ratio 负债与权益比率Receipts 收入Gilt-edged securities 金边证券Treasury bond 长期国库债券Short-term treasury bill 短期国库券Circulation 流通Redeem 赎回Convertible bond 可转换债券Junk bond 垃圾债券Unit 17 futures and derivativesFutures 期货交易，期货合约Financial asset 金融资产Option 期权Commodities 大宗商品Derivatives 衍生物Hedging 对冲，套期保值Speculation 投机(Write a) Call option 看涨期权Put option 看跌期权Discount store 打折店Spot market 现货市场Futures market 期货市场Forward contract 远期合约Premium 溢价Exchange rate 汇率Interest rate 利率London International Financial Futures Exchange=LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exercise price= strike price 执行价Swap 掉期Currency swap 外汇掉期Interest rate swap 利率掉期Preferential rate 优惠汇率Profit and loss account 损益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 证券交易管理委员会International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 国际掉期与衍生物协会End user 最终用户Corporate governance 公司监管Stop-loss limit 止损点Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一线人员Police vt. 监管Code of conduct 行为规范Unsolicited 主动提供的Shoot through the floor 涨疯了Unit 18 market structure and competitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消费品Market leader 市场领导者Market follower 市场跟从者Market challenger 市场挑战者Market share 市场份额Market segmentation 市场细分Differential advantage 差别又是Unique selling point=USP 独特卖点Submarket 刺激市场Potential customer 潜在客户Barrier to entry 进入门槛Cartel 卡特尔Dominant-firm oligopoly 寡头垄断Economies of scale 规模经济Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买家垄断Natural monopoly 自然垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断Perfect competition 完全竞争Homogenous 同类的，同质的Public utility 公用事业Marginal cost 边际成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并购Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 横向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Innovate 创造发明Diversify 多样化Raid 企图收购Takeover 收购出价Politics 权术，勾心斗角Optimum 最合适的Scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship 技术，技艺Leica 莱卡World-class player 世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize 精简机构人员，合理简化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠杆收购Management buyout= MBO 管理层收购Synergy 协同Asset-stripping 资产剥离Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾债券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 计算机化Flexibility 灵活性Public services 公共服务Self-employment 自我雇佣Decentralization 分权Free trade 自由贸易Job-sharing 工作分享Rationalization 精简增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生产效率Restructuring 重组Structural change 结构改变Welfare 福利Monetary policy 货币政策Private rent sector 私人租赁市场Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 减员Agency employmentRhetoric 说辞Received wisdom 流行观点Unemployment benefit 失业救济Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不稳定性Employability 可雇佣性Structural unemployment 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Structural shift 结构性改变Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典经济理论Welfare capitalism 福利资本主义Vitality 活力Perfect competition 完全竞争，自由竞争Free enterprise 自由市场Well-being 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市场力量Health Department 卫生部National Health Service 全民医疗Undercurrent 潜流Good society 良性社会State action 国家行为Health care 医疗服务Underclass 底层The affluent 富人Planned economy 计划经济Central economic planning 中央经济规划Intervention 干预Coerce vt. 强迫Mortician 殡葬业者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 实业Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 贸易工业部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 财政政策Monetary policy 货币政策Open market operation 开放市场操作Bank run 挤兑Liquidity ratio 现金比率Branch of the government 政府部门Budgetary policy 预算政策Budget deficit 预算赤字US Federal Reserve 美联储Price stability 价格稳定，物价稳定Declare （海关）申报Levy tax at… 对……征税Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Indirect tax 间接税Value-added tax 增值税Regressive tax 递减税Progressive tax 递增税Sales tax 销售税Capital gains tax 资本所得税Capital transfer tax 资本转移税Wealth tax 财富税Tax evasion 逃税，漏税Tax avoidance 避税Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消费税，国内货物税Corporation tax 公司税Marginal rate 边际率Black economy= underground economy 黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting 兼差Self-employed 自雇Family firm 家庭企业Gross national production= GNP 国民生产总值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人寿保险Tax shelter 减免税收合法手段Tax loss 负税亏损Capital expenditure 资本支出，基本建设费用Money laundering 洗钱Unit 24 exchange rates 外汇利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮动利率Peg against 挂钩Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Devaluation 贬值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清洁浮动利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/肮脏浮动利率。
剑桥商务英语初级完整
《新编剑桥商务英语初级学生用书》-V o c a b u l a r yUnit 1a Job descriptionfrozen:：adj. 冷冻的，冷藏的； pharmaceutical：adj. 制药的； vaccine：n.疫苗，菌苗；authority：n.权利，行政管理机构； recruit：v. 招收，招聘（新成员） output：n.产量；balance sheet：决算表，平衡表； short-list：被列入初选名单； packing：n.包装，包装材料；newsletter：n.（公司、学会等刊印的）业务通讯； qualified：adj.合格的，称职的；publicity：n.宣传、宣扬； court：n.（三面有房屋的）短街；work as an accountant responsible for checking companies’ accountinvolve giving financial advice deal with questions/problem give advice provide a serviceinterview an applicant attend meeting keep a record organize a conferencegive a presentation attend training session keep a diary organize holidayUnit 1b Working conditionsefficiently：adv. 效率高的； bonus：n.奖金； performance：n.进行，施行； consult：v.咨询，请教；sales performance：销售情况； overtime：n.超时工作，加班； bread down：坏掉，损坏，出毛病；presentation：n.表现、呈现，描述； overall：n.工作服； regulation：n.章程，规则；due：预定的，约定的；term：n.条款，条件； commence：v. 开始，着手； inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事line manager：部门经理 in operation：工作中，生效，实施中 arrange…..with：与（同）…一起协商安排consult sb. about sth：向谁请教，咨询，与….商量 at the current overtime rate：按现行的加班工资标准Unit 2a Company historyjoint venture：合资企业 take over：接收，接管 subsidiary：n.子公司 roll off：驶离globalization：全球化 AG：agent general 总经理 turnover：n.营业额，销售比率bn：n.& adj. 十亿 shareholder：股东 stake：n.股份 merchandise：n.商品，货物MNE：multinational enterprise：跨国企业 brochure：n.小册子 a public limited company：一家上市有限公司Unit 2b Company activitiestotal investment：总投资 diagram：n.图标，示意图； van：n.带蓬小型货车，客货两用车assembly plant：装配厂 extract：n.摘录，选段 grant：n。
剑桥商务英语口试必备手册====每天必读
2011.06.02UNIT ONE Company Operation and Management第一单元公司运作与管理1.1 Teamwork 团队合作Teamwork 团队合作，团队精神Team-based 以团队为基础的Horizontal[ˌhɔrəˈzɑntl] [ˌhɔrəˈzɑntl] organization structure 横向企业结构Corporate goals 企业目标Charter 规章，章程Be accountable for 对…负有责任Creative innovation 创新改革，创新发明创新精神Reward system 奖励制度Pay back 回报，报偿Individuality 个性Independent thinking 独立的思想Group decision-making 集体决策Managerial skill 管理技能Coordinate 使协调，调整Interpersonal relationship 人际关系Mutual trust 相互信任Bring out the potentials 充分发挥潜能Closely-knit （关系）密切的Keep track of 跟踪，追踪Time-consuming 花费时间的Line manager 部门经理，业务经理（与行政经理相对）Pre-building 团队建设Nurture 培养，教育，发展['nə:tʃə]vt. 养育; 培育, 培养n. 教养, 培育Nurture team dynamics [dai'næmiks]培养团队活力Promote [prə'məut] team spirit 提倡团队精神Drive team success 驱使团队成功Minimize ['minimaiz]将…减少到最少，最小化Inhibit [in'hibit]约束，抑止Liven ['laɪvən]up 使…有生气Training session ['seʃən]一场训练，培训课期Rafting ['rɑ:ftiŋ]漂流Rock climbing 攀岩Teammate 队友Impact 影响，效果Complementary [,kɔmplə'mentəri:, -tri:]补充的，互补的Revitalize [ri:'vaɪtl,aɪz]使新生，给予新的活力Trait [treit]（个人性格方面的）特征，显著的特点Commitment [kə'mitmənt]敬业精神Interpersonal communication skills 人际交际技能，亦作interpersonal skillsAddress 处理（事情）How to Make Teams Effective如何组建精锐的团队People in every workplace talk about building the team, working as a team, and my team, but few understand how to create the experience of teamwork or how to develop an effective team.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。
BEC教材资料大全
BECBEC教材新编剑桥商务英语初级【学生用书•教师用书•同步辅导】三册全集新编剑桥商务英语同步辅导高级新编剑桥商务英语学生用书高级2版.rar新编剑桥商务英语教师用书高级2版新编剑桥商务英语学生用书中级：2版新编剑桥商务英语同步辅导（经科版）中级.pdf新编剑桥商务英语教师用书初级.pdf新编剑桥商务英语初级mp3(华夏版)新编剑桥商务英语(高级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社mp3全集(下)《新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书》(BEC2)经济科学出版社[MP3]新编剑桥商务英语(高级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社mp3全集(上)新编剑桥商务英语(中级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社新编剑桥商务英语自测练习与解答听力BEC中级大礼包【口语听力阅读写作】剑桥BEC真题集第二辑中级听力MP3bec中级听力_新东方高媛媛bec中级非常全面的资料，口语，听力，词汇BEC中级辅导电子版（口语，听力，写作，阅读）剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读、口语、听力资料大汇集BEC高级听力真题精华人邮版BEC中级真题(第三辑)听力MP32008年bec听力应试技巧BEC中级听说指南听力MP3BEC中级教材配套听力MP3剑桥商务英语证书初级试题及听力MP3集萃[2008.4.24更新]BEC高级教材（经科版）+听力MP3+教师用书新版BEC听力高级听力[剑桥商务英语BEC]中级和高级经济科学出版社配套听力bec中级辅导（听力阅读口语写作）[商务英语BEC]剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)30天突破听力材料：[初级+中级+高级][全] [商务英语BEC][口语]听力口语篇[商务英语BEC][经验]商务英语证书考试及其听力考试浅谈[商务英语BEC][听力]中级听力分册[商务英语BEC][听力]高级听力分册[商务英语BEC][听力]剑桥听力文本1-6[商务英语BEC][听力]BEC中级听力全真试题及答案剑桥商务英语BEC高级考试辅导(听力口语)商务英语BEC听力水平提高的方法剑桥商务英语（BEC）听力考试应试技巧剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力精品讲义商务英语证书考试听力考试浅谈剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力讲义阅读剑桥商务英语（bec）中级阅读全真试题(彩色版)商务英语bec高级：极速阅读[PDF+WORD双版本] bec中级阅读_新东方耿耿恩波机构BEC高级阅读讲义剑桥商务英语（bec）中级阅读全真试题商务英语高级阅读真题[商务英语BEC][阅读]中级阅读全真试题[商务英语BEC][阅读]中级阅读分册[商务英语BEC][阅读]剑桥商务英语阅读全真试题及答案[商务英语BEC][阅读]高级阅读分册[商务英语BEC][阅读]Reading[商务英语BEC][阅读]Reading－five Cs剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读精品讲义商务英语BEC高级阅读真题.doc商务英语阅读技巧：句子段落的衔接商务英语阅读技巧：预测经济的发展商务英语阅读技巧：文章标题的阅读剑桥商务英语中级阅读全真试题剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读讲义.doc写作新东方bec中级写作flash课件商务英语bec高级备考-写作范文大汇总(彩印版)bec中级写作_新东方孙能武剑桥商务英语BEC中级写作资料大汇集新东方最新版的商务英语中级班（完整版)--写作孙能武2008bec商务英语写作必背50句bec考试高级写作部分全真题BEC考试高级写作部分全真题2008中级写作全真试题商务英语套话（适合BEC写作）/thread-158457-1-1.html/thread-158456-1-1.html[商务英语BEC][高级写作]新东方-高级商务英语写作flash-Tom.M [商务英语BEC][初级写作]新东方-初级商务英语flash-写作-刘军[商务英语BEC][写作]商务英语信函模板[商务英语BEC][写作]中级作文分册[商务英语BEC][写作]商务英语写作指南[商务英语BEC][写作]商务写作[商务英语BEC][写作]国际商务书信大全[商务英语BEC][写作]高级写作词汇分册[商务英语BEC][写作]常见商务文体写作范例[商务英语BEC][辅导]常见商务文体写作范例[商务英语BEC][词汇]BEC高级写作词汇分册商务英语BEC高级备考：写作范文大汇总商务英语合同写作经典句子及其词组剑桥商务英语（BEC）写作考试应试技巧剑桥商务英语(BEC)段落写作训练汇总剑桥商务英语BEC中级写作精品讲义商务英语合同写作经典句子及其词组商务写作：要求升迁面试常用表达商务英语合同写作经典句子及其词组[商务英语BEC][写作]商务信函的书写规则汇总商务英语辅导：BEC段落写作训练汇总BEC的写作应试技巧剑桥商务英语BEC中级写作讲义.rar口语新东方BEC口语--许乃夫课件全集BEC中级口语新东方谢娇岳环球网校：BEC考官口语讲座最常用商务口语200句（WORD版）商务英语口语900句MP3及LRC歌词专家谈剑桥BEC口语考试的制胜法BEC中级口语新东方讲义《1+X脱口说商务英语口语》[MP3]教你一招轻松对付bec口语考试部分情景英语口语290商务口语-----酒店商务英语100句最常用商务口语（转）商务会话中最常用的口语100句商务交际中闪光的英语口语集锦商务口语提高10点秘籍[商务英语BEC]NO-BOOK商务英语口语－含文本[商务英语BEC]商务英语口语900句－[mp3+文本]！值得下载！[商务英语BEC]BEC口语笔记[商务英语BEC]BEC高级口语讲义（新东方）/thread-158455-1-1.html/thread-158454-1-1.html[商务英语BEC][高级口语]新东方-高级商务英语flash-口语-李淼[商务英语BEC][初级口语]新东方-初级商务英语flash-口语-李淼[商务英语BEC][口语]最常用商务口语200句[商务英语BEC][口语]中级口语分册[商务英语BEC][口语]银行英语口语[商务英语BEC][口语]新东方商务英语口语教程[商务英语BEC][口语]外贸英语口语[商务英语BEC][口语]听力口语篇[商务英语BEC][口语]商务英语口语900句[商务英语BEC][口语]高级商务英语口语讲义[商务英语BEC][口语]高级商务英语口语讲义[商务英语BEC][口语]高级口语分册[商务英语BEC][口语]BEC中级口语分册讲义[商务英语BEC][口语]初级商务英语口语讲义[商务英语BEC][口语]BEC高级口试真题及应考提示[商务英语BEC][口语]BEC中级口试全真试题剑桥商务英语BEC高级考试辅导(听力口语)专家谈剑桥商务英语BEC口语考试的制胜法宝剑桥商务英语（BEC）口语考试的制胜法宝BEC剑桥商务英口语测试范围及其应试技巧剑桥商务英语BEC中级口语精品讲义剑桥商务英语口语测试范围及其应试技巧中级【精品下载】BEC阅读试卷全题型满分技巧大全【精品下载】BEC阅读试卷全题型满分技巧(完形与改错篇)新编剑桥商务英语学生用书中级：2版[商务英语BEC]剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)30天突破听力材料：[初级+中级+高级][全]新编剑桥商务英语同步辅导（经科版）中级.pdf[下载]BEC中级教材配套听力MP3[下载]人邮版BEC中级真题(第三辑)听力MP3[下载]剑桥BEC真题集第二辑中级听力MP3BEC中级听说指南听力MP3bec中级非常全面的资料，口语，听力，词汇[下载]剑桥商务英语（bec）中级阅读全真试题[下载]新编剑桥商务英语(中级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社[下载]BEC中级教材教师用书（PDF格式）剑桥商务英语BEC中级口语精品讲义剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读、口语、听力资料大汇集bec中级听力_新东方高媛媛BEC中级新东方课堂讲义及上课笔记搜集的BEC中级的文本资料非常的多的哦[商务英语BEC][词汇]BEC中级、高级考试词汇手册（打印版）[下载]新东方bec中级写作flash课件新东方最新版的商务英语中级班（完整版)--写作孙能武[下载]《新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书》(BEC2)经济科学出版社[MP3] [下载]BEC中级口语新东方谢娇岳bec中级阅读_新东方耿耿[商务英语BEC][阅读]中级阅读分册剑桥商务英语BEC中级写作精品讲义剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力精品讲义商务英语中级MP3下载[商务英语BEC][听力]BEC中级听力全真试题及答案剑桥商务英语BEC中级阅读精品讲义剑桥商务英语BEC中级听力讲义r4[商务英语BEC][听力]中级听力分册bec中级写作_新东方孙能武[商务英语BEC][讲义]BEC中级新东方课堂讲义[下载]2008BEC中级口语讲座课件（网络完全版）[商务英语BEC][阅读]中级阅读全真试题[商务英语BEC][写作]中级作文分册[下载]BEC中级口语新东方讲义剑桥商务英语(BEC)中级词汇m3[下载]剑桥商务英语（bec）中级阅读全真试题(彩色版) [商务英语BEC][口语]中级口语分册剑桥商务英语BEC中级写作资料大汇集[商务英语BEC][口语]BEC中级口语分册讲义[剑桥商务英语BEC]中级和高级经济科学出版社配套听力高级[下载]新编剑桥商务英语(高级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社mp3全集(上)[下载]新编剑桥商务英语(高级)-学生用书-经济科学出版社mp3全集(下)[下载]BEC高级听力真题精华(绝对超值)[商务英语BEC]剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)30天突破听力材料：[初级+中级+高级][全][下载]2008商务英语bec高级难词解析汇编第一部分[下载]BEC高级教材（经科版）+听力MP3+教师用书[下载]剑桥商务英语bec中高级口译成语精选（双版本任选）[下载]2008商务英语bec高级难词解析汇编第三部分[下载]2008商务英语bec高级难词解析汇编第二部分12[下载]商务英语高级资料大全123456 .. 42[商务英语BEC][词汇]BEC中级、高级考试词汇手册（打印版）[分享]新东方bec中高级词汇（含例句版）.12[下载]BCE中高级词汇大全(网络最全版)123456 .. 17[分享]商务英语bec高级：极速阅读[PDF+WORD双版本]12[商务英语BEC][词汇]经科版BEC高级课文词汇[商务英语BEC][写作]高级写作词汇分册[商务英语BEC][高级口语]新东方-高级商务英语flash-口语-李淼[分享]BEC高级备考要点[商务英语BEC][经验]BEC高级考A考试经验[商务英语BEC]商务英语初级@高级写作chm格式！！[商务英语BEC][试题]BEC高级真题试卷[下载]商务英语高级阅读真题[商务英语BEC][听力]高级听力分册[下载][大家网]剑桥商务英语证书（BEC）最新试题--高级[下载]新编剑桥商务英语教师用书高级2版若是考过六级了还需要考中级吗还是直接考高级？[商务英语BEC][口语]高级商务英语口语讲义bec高级考试总结(转载）[商务英语BEC][口语]高级商务英语口语讲义r4[商务英语BEC][口语]高级口语分册[商务英语BEC]商务英语初级@高级口语chm格式[商务英语BEC]BEC高级全方位训练[下载]新编剑桥商务英语学生用书高级2版.rar[商务英语BEC]剑桥商务英语BEC高级备考要点剑桥商务英语BEC高级备考要点[商务英语BEC][阅读]高级阅读分册初级[商务英语BEC]剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)30天突破听力材料：[初级+中级+高级][全][下载]新编剑桥商务英语初级【学生用书·教师用书·同步辅导】三册全集[下载]新编剑桥商务英语初级mp3(华夏版)[下载]新编剑桥商务英语教师用书初级.pdf。
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全
bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全bec剑桥商务英语词汇大全（依据字母挨次排序。
）：Aabolish 废除abroad 在国外absorb 吸取abstract 摘要accelerate 加速accessory 附件accommodate 容纳accommodation 住宿accompany 伴随accredit 授权accumulate 累积accurate 精确的achieve 实现acknowledge 承认acquire 获得adapt 适应adequate 充分的adjust 调整administer 管理admit 允许进入advance 前进advertise 广告advise 建议advocate 提倡affect 影响affiliate 加入affirm 确定aggregate 合计agree 同意airfare 机票费align 对齐allocate 安排allow 允许alter 转变ambassador 大使amendment 修正案analyze 分析annual 年度的anticipate 预期apologize 赔礼apparel 服装appendix 附录applicable 适用的appoint 任命appreciate 感谢approve 批准arbitrate 仲裁array 排列arrears 拖欠款项assemble 聚集assert 声称assess 评估assign 安排assist 帮忙associate 联合assume 假设assure 保证attach 附上attempt 尝试authenticate 鉴定authorize 授权average 平均的Bbackbone 支柱badly 严峻地balance 平衡bankruptcy 破产barrier 屏障benchmark 基准beneath 在...之下beneficial 有益的bestow 赠予bilateral 双边的biography 传记blank 空白的bond 债券boycott 抵制bribe 贿赂broker 经纪人budget 预算bulk 大量burden 负担business 业务bylaw 规章Ccalculate 计算campaign 活动capital 资本capture 捕获career 生涯caution 警告censor 审查certificate 证书chairman 主席channel 渠道charge 费用charter 包租cheap 廉价cheque 支票choice 选择circulate 循环civilian 平民classic 经典的classify 分类coach 教练collapse 崩溃collection 收集colleague 同事commend 赞扬commercial 商业的commission 佣金commitment 承诺communal 公共的communicate 沟通compel 强迫compensate 赔偿competitive 竞争的compile 编制complain 埋怨complement 补充complicate 简单化comply 遵守comprehensive 全面的compute 计算concern 关注concur 同意conduct 进行confidential 机密的configurable 可配置的confirm 确认conform 遵守confront 面对confuse 混淆congress 大会conjunction 连词connect 连接consent 同意conserve 爱护considerate 体谅的consist 由…组成consolidate 巩固constitute 构成construct 建筑consult 询问consume 消费contemporary 当代的contend 斗争context 背景contract 合同contradict 冲突contribute 贡献convene 召集convention 惯例conversant 生疏的convert 转变convey 传达cooperate 合作coordinate 协调core 核心corporate 公司的correspondence 通信costly 昂贵的count 成功country 国coupon 优待券court 法院create 制造credit 信贷criticize 批判crossroads 十字路口currency 货币curriculum 课程custody 保管customized 定制的cutting-edge 领先的Ddampen 减退data 数据database 数据库debt 债务decimal 小数decrease 削减dedicate 奉献deduct 扣除defer 推迟deficit 赤字definite 确定的delegate 委派deliberate 慎重的deliver 交付delve 探究democracy 民主demonstrate 证明dental 牙科的deplete 耗尽deplore 责怪deploy 部署deposit 存款depot 储存处derive 得到descend 下降describe 描述design 设计desire 欲望destroy 毁灭detach 分别detect 检测develop 进展device 设备dictate 口述difficult 困难的diffuse 集中digit 数字direct 直接的disable 禁用disappear 消逝discharge 放电discount 折扣discourage 阻挡discover 发觉discrete 离散的disseminate 传播dissolve 溶解distinguish 区分divide 除以dividend 红利dominate 统治doubt 怀疑download 下载draft 起草drain 排水dramatic 戏剧性的draw 吸引due 到期的dummy 哑的duplicate 重复的Eeager 渴望的earnest 认真的economy 经济editor 编辑educate 教育elevate 提升eliminate 消退embed 嵌入embrace 拥抱emerge 消灭emigrate 移居国外employ 雇佣empower 授权enable 使能够enclose 附上encounter 遇到endorse 公开支持enforce 实施engage 从事enjoyable 令人开心的enlarge 扩大enroll 招生ensure 确保entail 牵涉enter 进入entertain 款待entitlement 权利enumerate 列举envisage 想象equal 相等equivalent 相等的erase 抹掉erect 建筑erode 腐蚀escalate 升级establish 建立estate 房地产estimate 估量evaluate 评估evasion 躲避evident 明显的exaggerate 夸大examine 检查excel 突出except 除了excess excessive 过度的excursion 远足execute 执行exempt 豁免exhale 呼出exhibit 呈现expand 扩展expel 驱除expenditure 开销experiment 试验expert 专家expire 到期explain 解释exploit 利用express 快递extend 扩展extensive 广泛的external 外部的extract 提取eye-catching 引人注目的Ffacilitate 促进fade 褪色failure 失败fallen 下降的fascinate 迷住feasible 可行的feature 特点fixture 固定装置flavor 味道flexible 机敏的fluent 流利的forbid 禁止forecast 猜测formulate 制定fortnight 两周found 创立framework 框架fraud 欺诈freight 货物frontier 边疆frustrate 使懊丧function 函数fundamental 基本的Ggain 获得gallery 画廊gallop 飞奔garage 车库gather 收集gene 基因generate 生成genuine 真实的gloomy 压抑的goods 商品gallery 画廊garage 车库gene 基因generate 生成genuine 真实的gloomy 压抑的goods 商品gradual 渐渐的guarantee 保证gesture 手势Hhabitat 栖息地hammer 锤子handful 一把harmonize 使协调hazard 危急hectic 劳碌heritage 遗产hesitate 迟疑hinder 阻碍hoist 升honest 诚恳的host 主办humble 虚心的hurdle 障碍物hypothesize 假设Iidentify 识别ignite 点燃ignore 忽视imitate 仿照immerse 沉醉impact 影响implement 实施implication 含义impose 强加impress 给...留下深刻印象improve 改进incite 煽动include 包含increase 增加incrementally 递增地indicate 指示indispensable 不行缺少的individual 个人的induce 引起indulge 沉迷于infer 推断infiltrate 渗透inflate 充气inform 通知infrastructure 基础设施inherit 继承inject 注射inquire 询问insect 昆虫insert 插入inspect 检查integrate 整合intend 想要interact 互动interchangeable 可互换的interface 界面interfere 干涉intermediate 中间的intermittent 断断续续的intervene 干预intimate 亲热的intricate 简单的introduce 介绍intrinsic 固有的invade 侵略inventory 库存invest 投资invite 邀请invoke 调用involve 涉及Jjargon 行话jeopardize 危及joint 联合的jolt 震撼journal 日志journey 旅程judge 法官justify 证明...是正值的Kkettle 水壶kidnap 绑架knowledge 学问Llabel 标签labor 劳动latter 后者laundry 洗衣店lavish 过分的lawful 合法的lecture 讲座leisure 闲暇length 长度levy 征收liberate 解放licensed 许可的limitation 限制linger 徘徊liquidate 偿还literacy 识字locate 位于loyal 忠诚的Mmagnetize 磁化maintain 维护make money 挣钱mandatory 强制的mankind 人类manpower 劳动力manufacture 制造margin 边缘mature 成熟mean 意味measure 测量mediate 调解merge 合并militant 激进分子minimal 最小的minimize 使削减misfit 不匹配mission 任务mitigate 缓解mobile 移动的moderate 适度的modify 修改monitor 监控morph 多变mortgage 抵押motion 运动multinational 跨国的mutual 相互的Nnarrate 叙述navigate 导航neglect 忽视negotiate 协商nonprofit 非盈利的notable 有名的notify 通知nuisance 厌烦的东西nullify 使无效nurture 培育nutritious 有养分的Oobey 听从obtain 获得occupation 职业occurrence 发生offset 抵消omission 省略operate 操作oppose 反对optimize 优化orbit 轨道organize 组织outperform 超过output 输出outsource 外包outstanding 杰出的overestimate 高估overhaul 彻底转变Ppanic 慌张parade 游行paradox 悖论paralyze 使瘫痪parliament 国会participate 参与partner 合伙人passenger 乘客passionate 热忱的patent 专利perceive 察觉perform 执行permit 许可persist 坚持personal 私人的persuade 说服petroleum 石油petty 不重要的pioneer 先锋place 使位于plaque 牌匾pleasant 开心的pledge 保证pluck 采摘polar 极性的polish 抛光polite 礼貌的portion 部分pose 提出possess 拥有postpone 延迟precaution 预防措施precise 精确的predict 猜测premise 前提preoccupied 全神贯注的prepare 预备preserve 爱护press 闹pretend 假装prevail 盛行prevent 防止previous 从前的prick 刺primarily 首要地principal 首要的prior 从前的千里之行，始于足下。
剑桥商务英语资料Unit3
Unit 3 JobsCompany StructureA. (1) English names for different departments in a typical company总公司Head Office 分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office 人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department 总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department 销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department 国际部International Department出口部Export Department 入口部Import Department公共关系部Public Relations Department 广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department 产品开发部Product Development Department 研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool生产部Production Dept. 品管部Quality Control Dept.财务部Financial Dept.(2) English names for different jobs titles in companies总领导副领导记帐员出纳员财务领导会计主管行政领导行政助理人事领导培训专员招聘员业务领导采购员营销主管市场开发部领导外销员生产领导技术员质量操纵员制造工程师信用部领导秘书办公室主任Note：Please pay attention to words which carry the status of a job such as “clerk”(低级职员，文员，办事员), “officer”(公司高级职员), “controller”(总监，总管；查验员), “manager”(领导), “assistant”(助手，助理), “executive”(执行者，领导主管人员)B. Listening (Please listen to the cassette and then check your answers to Exercise ANames:Comex Xpress //Glasgow // n. 格拉斯哥Bateman // n. 贝特曼(姓) .Tom McEwan // n. 汤姆.米克尤恩(男名)Joshua Goldfinger // n. 乔舒亚. 古尔德芬格(男名)Julie Nicolson // n. 朱莉. 尼科尔森(女名)Sheila Barret // n. 希拉. 贝拉特(女名)Fiona Lewis // n. 菲奥娜. 路易斯(女名)Ian Weir // n. 伊恩. 韦尔(男名)Other New Words:start off v. 开始，动身structure / / n. 结构be divided into // 被分为….division // n. 部门dispatch // v. 分派，分派invoice // n. 发票，发货单be responsible for // 为….负责be on the road 在路上的arise with v. 显现，发生query // n. 质问，询问salary // n. 薪水C. (1) Some information that the job hunters expect to find in a job advertisement The company namesJob vacanciesJob responsibilitiesSkills and qualifications (needed by the applicant)Eg. special skills, education, experience, knowledgeWorking conditionsEg. salary, welfare, work environmentThe (E-mail) address of the company or the telephone number(2) Some new words in the two advertisementsagency n. 代理处，经销处locate n. ….座落于district n. 区，行政区keyboard n. 键盘essential adj. 必要的，必不可少的applicant n. 申请人attractive adj. 有吸引力的，引人注意的environment n. 环境，外界importer n. 入口商，入口者engineering n. 工程benefit n. 津贴；保险（经常使用复数）package n. 一套，一揽子application n. 申请（书）license n. 许可证，执照D. (1) Some notes for the three headings in this partYour companyThe name of the company with the industry it belongs to Skills and qualificationsmaster/bachelor degree in English, Economy, Management……. minimum…..years of experience in……industry/fieldat least…..years working experience in related areaexcellent communication skillsexcellent oral and written English ability in Englishexcellent proficiency in oral and written Englishgood computer skills, familiar with MS-Officerich knowledge and experience in office administration Working conditionsattractive/competitive salaryexcellent working environmentcomprehensive benefits packagetraining opportunitiespromotion opportunities(2) A job advertisement writing formatOur company/firm is a successful………pany in(located in) Beijing/Guangzhou/….. (Our firm is a leading company in the line……… in Beijing/Guangzhou…….)We are seeking/looking for an …assistant with (who has)…….. And………..are also essential/are also required.We are offering/can provide the successful applicant ………….If you are interested in this job position, please send your resume to us. The address:……..(The E-mail:…..) Or you can ring us at…….. for any further information.Describing responsibilitiesA. the question and the answers can be used in this exerciseQuestion: Which department do you think he/she works in?Answers: I think he/she work in……..I think he/she works in……I am sure that he/she works in……B. Listening and PresentationNew words:Interview 1: reminder n. 催单settle v. 支付(欠款、项目), 结算Interview 2: Suzanne n. (女名)苏珊娜school leaver n. 离校(就业)者venue n. 举行地址，举行场所Interview 3: Technical Service n. 技术服务spare part n.备件launch v. 发射；推出(新产品)trader fair n. 商品交易会Interview 4: Uschi n. (女名) 乌诗presentation n. 介绍；陈述Interview 5: Rolando n. (男名) 罗兰多ball point pen n. 圆珠笔supplier n. 供给者，供给商Interview 6: Elke n. (女名)埃尔克hotline n. (用于咨询服务或讨论等)的专线电话，热线sales force n. 销售力量(人员)C. Language focusThe sentences of Present Simple Tense and Present Progressive Tense elicited from Part A.a. Franks works in Accounts. He sends out invoices to customers. At the moment he’s sending reminders to slow payers.b. Suzanne works in Human Resources. She find trainers and organize venues for new employees. At the moment she is planning the training programme for next year.c. Peter works in Technical Services. He deals with customer problems. Now he is preparing for a trader fair.d. Uschi works in Marketing. She answers customer’s questions. At the moment she is running a new course for the new sales representatives.e. Rolando works in Purchasing Department. He buys everything the company needs. Now he is looking for a supplier of office furniture.f. Elke works in EDP. She is mainly in charge of software development and maintenance. At present she is testing some new software for the sales force.D. SpeakingQuestions used of reference:Which department do you work in?What do you do?/What are you job responsibilities?/Do you have to…..?What are you doing at the moment?Job-related Vocabulary:I am in charge of…..I am responsible for……I deal with…….My job involves doing……..arrange the routine workcheck the business reportsprepare reports for……organize the documentstake care of suppliesLeaving a messageA. the question and the answers can be used in this exerciseNew words:Gizmo GadgetsHugh Payneput…..throughStephanie CrookeengagedpaymentTanya CordreyStephen SternorderC. Listening and writingNew words:RoiseBit and BiteBrunnerworkshopModel: Please call (name) about (what/fact) on (telephone number) before/after (time).C. Language focus1. Sentence Patterns:Asking to speak to someoneMay/Could I speak to…..,please?Saying someone is not availableI’m afraid he is not available.I’m afraid he is busy with customer.I’m afraid he is not in now.I’m afraid he is not here at the moment.I’m afraid she is on leave now.I’m afraid he has gone out for lunch.2. Various oral English sentences alternatives for each step in the diagram.。
剑桥商务英语资料大全-BEC中级口试全真试题必备学习---精品管理资料
BEC中级口试全真试题 Part IPhase II： Good morning/afternoon。
I’m … and this is my colleague …. S/he’s just going to list en to us。
Could I have your mark sheets， please?（To A） What’s your name？ Where are you from? A:回答I： Thank you。
（To B） And you？ B：回答I： Thanks。
Do you work or are you a student， B？ B: 回答I: （What do you do？ What do you study？） B:回答I： What about you， A? (What do you do？ What do you study？) A：回答I： What do you like most about your job/studies， A？ A：回答I: （Why？） A:回答I： What about you， B? B:回答Phase II1I： A， which specific skills will you need most in your career？（Why?) A:回答I: How about you, B? （Why？) B：回答I： B， what qualities does a good employee need to have？ (Why？） B：回答I： What do you think， A？ A:回答I： A, to what extent is it possible to train people in interpersonal skills？（Why/Why not？） A：回答I： B, which special qualities do you think managers need to have？（Why？） B：回答2。
BEC剑桥商务英语期末复习资料
Unit11.electric 激动的，刺激的2.throw/cast new light on…提供线索、情况，帮助弄清楚4.赠票Complimentary ticket5.交易会将延期一周左右开幕。
The trade fair will be put back a week or so.请尽快回复我的电话。
Please get back to me asap.6.sole: being the only one; only 唯一的eg: Practice is the sole criterion of truth.Unit21.sole: being the only one; only 唯一的eg: Practice is the sole criterion of truth.2.alike: in the same or a similar manner adj/adv相似的/一样地eg: They are much alike in character.3.evolve/evolution: develop gradually逐步发展evolve into:发展成；evolve from:由...进化/发展eg: It evolved into a big company.Popular music evolved from folk songs.4.interior design: indoor design and decoration室内装修5.dine: give dinner to; host for dinner 进餐，宴请6.semi-private 半私人的/半私有的7.mezzanine：intermediate floor just above the ground floor中间层/夹楼8.catering requipment: requirement of providing food and services用餐要求cater for: to provide food, services, etc 供9.spare:save or relieve from an experience or action节省，省去10.chit-chat: informal chat/conversationUnit31．Inflow: all the money coming into the company2．Outflow: all the money going out of the company3．over-tradingto figure out a quicker way ofturning those sales into cashmarginsTurnoverTo finance贸易透支找到销售变现(把销售额变成现金)的快捷方法利差,毛利营业额融资，筹措.return 赢利，利益，汇报，报告business returns营业收入annual returns年度报告small profits and quick returns薄力多销publicity宣传，宣扬；公开；广告；关注；名声bonus points (消费）积分loyalty scheme忠实（顾客）奖励计划brand loyalty顾客对品牌的忠诚air miles=air mails awards里程奖remainder 剩余物a shortage of cash 现金短缺average monthly turnover 平均月营业额financing cost 融资成本cash on delivery 货到付款pay in 3 installments 分期付款（三次）margin 利润order books 订货本penalty 处罚/罚金CF from operating activities经营活动产生的现金流量CF from investing activities投资活动产生的现金流量CF from financing activities筹资活动产生的现金流量Capital expenditure 资本开支Depreciation 折旧(sales) turnover营业额early settlement discount 提前付款折扣labor cost 劳动力成本Credit sales赊帐销售Collection policy/collection period 收款期Tighten credit policy 收紧赊帐Loosen credit policy 放宽赊帐Cash receipt 现金收讫Cash disbursement 现金支出Day-to-day operation 日常营运credit terms 信用期限outstanding 剩余的outstanding balance 剩余金额Sporty 轻便的,运动型的Extra 额外费用Advert 广告，宣传Monthly service contract包月Different tarrifs at different times of the day不同时段的收费One-year all inclusive package包年套餐Kitchen appliances 厨房家电Ozone layer 臭氧层CFC chlorofluorocarbon 含氯氟Make 品牌;型;样式 a well-known makeenvironmental-friendliness user-friendlinessown-label clothingcut-priceretail food market mortgagesavings accountestate agent 对环境无害用户使用方便贴自己品牌的服装削价的食品零售市场(住房)按揭，抵押储蓄帐户房产商bonus pointsloyalty schemebrand loyaltyair miles=air mails awards vouchertarget customer customer-focused （消费）积分忠实（顾客）奖励计划顾客对品牌的忠诚里程奖优惠奖券销售对象，目标客户以顾客为中心的No-claims discount = no-claims bonus无索赔折扣/奖金:An amount subtracted from the money paid to an insurance company, because no claims have been made for a particular period.Within days:don’t need to wait for a very long time 几天内Fixed rate固定利率Reward points 奖励积分Cover 给...上保险。
剑桥商务英语高级ppt课件
Drought 干旱
Earthquake 地震
Extinction of
species 品种灭绝
Flooding 洪水
Hurricane 飓风
Chemical
explosions 化学爆炸
Prepositions 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 介词
Proverbs 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 谚语
• It takes all sorts to make a world. 大千世界，无奇不有。
• You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs. 不入虎穴焉得虎子或 有失才有得。
Wordlist 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 词汇
Neclear radiation leak
核泄漏
Oil spill 石油泄露
Volcanic eruption 火山喷发
Smog 雾
Landslide 山崩；山体滑坡
Wordlist 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 词汇
• Havoc 严重破坏 • Charity 善举，施舍行为 • Penalise 对……处罚 • Rradable 可做交易的 • Per capita 人均 • Sustainable 能承受的，可持续的 • Clutch 一群人 • Catastrophic loss 巨大的损失 • Exhaust fumes 废气，汽油油烟 • Stabilise 使稳定，使巩固 • Disposal of waste 废物处理 • Incinerate 焚烧 • Overstate 夸大，过分强调 • Recycling scheme 回收计划 • Permanent staff 固定员工
剑桥商务英语资料Unit 2
Unit 2 Talking about companies1. Describing a companyA. (1) Different Brands of Famous CompaniesWhat line of business is this company in?*** is in the line of ……….B. (1) Make the students understand the differing degrees of certainty.100%------------------ I’m sure……..75%------------------- I think……….50%------------------- It could be…….., I think it could be…..(2) Answers:Containex: packaging Bars and Stripes: bar codingIced Meals: transport Jupiter Sciences: aerospace Bolshoi Trading: financial servicesMonterrey Taco Company: catering(3) A question we can use to ask the other students. Which line of business do you think this company is in?orWhich industry do you think this company is in?C. Special Questions:1. Pre-reading exercise:1) What’s the name of the company?2) What line of business is the company in?3) What goods and services does the company provide?2) New words and expressions:Profile 1:manufacture ❍✌⏹✞♐✌♦☞☯ v. 制造，加工spacecraft ♦☐♏♓♦❒♋♐♦ n. 太空船computation ❍☐◆♦♏♓☞☯⏹ n. 计算observation ☯♌☯♏♓☞☯⏹ n. 观察，观测Profile 2:currently ✈❒☯⏹♦●♓ adv. 当前地feature ♐♓♦☞☯ v. 以…为特色affordable ☯♐♎☯♌● adj. 可负担得起的alternative ●♦☯⏹☯♦♓ n. 可选择的事物establishment ♓♦♦✌♌●♓☞❍☯⏹♦ n. 设施，公司Profile 3:plastic ☐●♋♦♦♓ n. 塑料，塑料制品beverage ♌♏☯❒♓♎✞ n. 饮料approximately ☯☐❒♦♓❍☯♦●♓ adv. 近似地，大约Profile 4:brokerage ♌❒☯◆☯❒♓♎✞ n. 经纪业consulting ☯⏹♦✈●♦♓☠ adj. 咨询的privatization ☐❒♋♓☯♦♋♓♏♓☞☯⏹n. 私有化privatize ☐❒♋♓☯♦♋♓ v. 使…私有化enterprise ♏⏹♦☯☐❒♋♓ n. 企业securities ♦♓◆☯❒♓♦♓ n. 有价证券D. Language focus1) New words and expressions:specialized ♦☐♏☞☯●♋♓♎ adj. 专门的compressor ☯❍☐❒♏♦☯ n. 压气机，压缩器conduct ☯⏹♎✈♦ v. 引导，进行division ♎♓♓✞☯⏹ n. 部，部分plant ☐●♋⏹♦ n. 工厂2) Practise the “wh-” questions2. Starting a businessB. (1) the new words in the articleinstant ♓⏹♦♦☯⏹♦ adj. 直接的lease ●♓♦ adj. 租借temporary ♦♏❍☐☜❒☜❒♓ adj. 暂时的，临时的client ●♋♓☯⏹♦ n. 顾客，客户receptionist ❒♓♦♏☞☯⏹♓♦♦ n. 接待员facility ♐☜♦♓●♓♦♓ n. 设备，工具（多用复数）offshore ♐☞ adv. 在海外地annual ✌⏹◆☜● adj. 每年的，一年一次的turnover ♦☯⏹☯◆☯ n. 营业额profit ☐❒♐♓♦ n. 利润expand ♓♦☐✌⏹♎ v. 扩张，扩展international ♓⏹♦☯⏹✌☞☯⏹☜● adj. 国际的standard ♦♦✌⏹♎☯♎ n. 标准(2) Three added definitionsa. to pay to use it for a long period, instead of buying itb. having equipments or featuresc. happening once a yearC. (1) Some more irregular words for you to change into past simple tense.choose begin cost fall forget know pay see shake speak swim teach wear win writeD. Some more Special Sentences to interview Joan Slater.What was your business plan in the beginning?How many employees did your company have at the beginning of your business?Which cities in Japan did you establish the Sercorp offices? How much money/capital did you devote to your company in the beginning?How many employees did you have in the year 1998?In which country did you first build your instant office for the business people?3. Getting Product InformationA. (1) the basic parts of a business lettera. the letterheadb. the inside addressc. the salutationd. the body of the lettere. the complimentary closef. the signature(2) three different writing formats (their layouts)a. (full) Block form 全平头式b. Modified block form with blocked paragraph 改良平头式，平头段落c. Indented form 缩进式（略过不讲）d. Modified block form with indented style(3) other specialized parts of a business lettera. Reference No.b. Attention linec. the Subject lined. Identification marke. the Enclosuref. the Carbon Copy Notationg. the PostscriptB. (1) “What will ABC Computing probably send to the writer of the letter?”brochure ♌❒☯✞☞☜ n. 小册子price list 价目单catalogue ✌♦☜●♈ n. 商品目录reference ❒♏♐☯❒☯⏹♦ n. 参考资料sample ♦✌❍☐● n. 样品(2) Suggested Answers:asking about our products. Thank you for your letter of (May 21)enquiring about our products.We encloseWe are pleased to enclose our latest catalogue and price list. We have pleasure in enclosingPlease contact me if you need any further information.(3) Some changes in the “Opening Salutation”and “Complimentary Close” when replying to a letter.The Opening Salutation:To Reader Unknown: Dear Sir or Madam,To Reader Known: Dear Mr./Ms.,The Complimentary Close:To Reader Unknown: Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours verytruly, (BE)Faithfully yours, Truly yours, Very trulyyours, (AmE)To Reader Known: Yours sincerely, Yours very sincerely, (BE)Sincerely yours, Very sincerely, Bestregards, (AmE)C. Various oral English sentences alternatives for each step in the dialgram.。
剑桥商务英语
给单词写出中文意思Chamber of commerce 商会small talk 闲聊Memorandum 备忘录public relation 公共关系Job title 工作头衔trouble--shooting 解决问题Body language 肢体语言marketing director 市场总监Publicity controller 宣传主管correspondence 通信Trade exhibition 贸易展览会relative merits优缺点Head office 总公司personnel manager 人事部经理Customs officer 海关官员sales manager 销售部经理Photocopying room 复印室shipping agent 货运代理商Business card 名片managing director 总经理Order book 定货单printed matter 印刷品Shipping date 装船日期samples of merchandise 货物样品In good shape 状态好sample of no commercial value无商业价值的样品Sole supplier 唯一供货商block style 齐头式Yellow page 黄页indented style 缩进式Inventory position 库存水平import license 进口许可证Delivery date 交货日期money-back warranty 退款保证Make a firm order 公司订单duty-checking 关税检查Safty regulation 安全规则certificate of origin 原产地证书drop a line 写信Divisional personnel manager 部门人事经理processing system 处理系统Brainstorming session 集体讨论会psychologist 心理学家Coffee machine 咖啡机accounts department 财务部Canteen 小卖部general manager 总经理Marketing dept 市场部lifts 电梯Purchasing dept 采购部sales dept 销售部Conference room 会议室cornerstone 基石Milestone 里程碑production facilities 生产设备Branch offices 分公司fiscal year 会计年度Civil engineering 土木工程limited liability company 股份有限公司Power engineering缩写写出全称Ps postscript P.p per pro ( on behalf of) Ref reference C.c. or cc carbon copy to (often now a photocopy )-or cubic centimeters Rd roadSt street or saint Sq square NO. numberc/o care of attn for the attention of pobpost office boxEG or e.g for example Ie or ie that is /in other words etc et cetera/and so on&Co and company plc public limited company ltd limitedCorp corporation inc incorporated PA personal assistantCEO chief executive officer enc enclosure MD managing directorb/f brought forward Admin administration N/A not applicableTM trade mark p.a per annum写出全称加中文意思CFR cost and freight 成本加运费价CIF cost insurance and freight 成本保险加运费价CPT carriage paid to 运费付至CIP carriage and insurance paid 成本保险运费付至DAF delivered at frontier 边界交货价DES delivered ex- ship 目的港交货价DEQ delivered ex- quary 目的港码头交货价DDU delivered duty unpaid 交货完税价DDP delivered duty paid 完税后交货价EXW ex-works 工厂交货价FAC free carrier货交承运人价FAS free alongside ship 装运港船边交货价FOB free on board 装运港船上交货价SHOT ANSWER QUESTION1 what is letter of credit?It refers to a letter addressed by a bank instructing the addressee to allow the person named to draw a soecified sum on the credit of the addressor bank2 what are specialists involved in import/export transaction?(1) shipping agent/freight forwarded ( supplier’s own export department);(2) airlines, shipping lines, rail ways or road haulage firms,3 importer’s and exporter’s bank arrange payments4 customs officers for duty checking5 the manufacturer or a chamber of commerce6 an insurance company/insurance broker7 an export credit insurance company8 a lawyer for a special contract3 what are advantage for having a regular sole supplier?1 getting a better discount2 having favorable terms of payment and even extended credit3 helping you out with an urgent order at short notice4 tailoring his products to your needs5 delivering goods of the quality on time4 what are adventages and disvantages of face-to-face communication?1 advantages & pleasuresMore personal ,more interaction and feedback possible,can make more impact,cheaper if no travel involved, youcan smile,body language,languague expressiveness2 disadvantage & difficultiesMust think as you speak once you’ve said something it can’tbe unsaid saying something once may not be renembered.5 what is cash flow?Cash flow refers to the movement of cash into or out of a business a project,or a financial product it is usually measured during a specified,finite period of time6 what are adventages and disvantages ofwriting communication?1 advantages & pleasuresA record can be kept for the files; copy for others errors can be changed, you can write or read when you’re in the right mood ; you can take your time over planning and how you’ll express complicated or delicate details2 disadvantage & difficultiesWriting takes longer threr is no feedback or the feedback is delayed;no personal touch;no smiles ;no handshakes7 what is interational trade?Internation trade ,also known as world trade,or overseas trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries,from a broad sense , international trade includes the overseas trade of the countries all over the world . the scale of international trade to some extent of economic globa;ization8what should be included in the SSN1 Name and address of receiver2 contract number or number of L/C3 name of the goods4 quantity5 sum6 name of vehicle7 departure 8 bill of lading number9date of telegramming9 methods ogf paymentOn a cash with order basis ( cash deposit with order )On open accuount(未结清往来款项) by irrevocable letter of credit（不可撤销的信用证）By bill of exchange(汇票) by check10 ehat information should be included in the inventory position ?The date the model and the name of the productThe current stock the date and quantity for next deliveryList price terms of discountNote ( other information if necessary)翻译1 从收到你方书面订单以及信用证确认3至4周货物即装运2我们通常以保兑的，不可撤销的，60天有效期的信用证为付款保证3所有产品附有无条件退款保证4我们的每一个产品都是用百分百的天然原料制成5公司随着不断的发展，会在地域上扩展，许多大公司成为跨国公司6希望再能收到你方订单，我们会认真办理7希望安排下一班能订到仓位的轮船装运8现寄去我方最新产品目录和价目表各一份9如订货数量很大，我们可以提供10%的折扣10如需产品目录，请寄50美元，如购买本产品，可以返回此款11所有价格均包含航空邮寄费12货款有一家美国银行开具的银行汇票或支票支付13我们队定期订购你方产品的可能性表示乐观14一家私人公司可能是仅有一个所有人的小公司，也可能是有数千股东的大公司15虽然各国的经济结构不同，其经济依然表现为相似的产业部门。
新编剑桥商务英语unit-3精选全文 (2)
Speaking: Discussing a schedule
Vocabulary: Types of business
Here are three different ways to start your own business. Work in pairs and think of one advantage and one disadvantage for each approach.
• Sale trader you are self-employed and set up the business on your own.
• Partnership you are self-employed and start the business with another person. You are both equally liable.
set up concept charge launch
branch out growth fee
But being a franchisee is unlikely to satisfy the most entrepreneurial. It doesn’t suit people who don’t want to follow the system. William Ewbank, the head of franchise sales at Domino’s Pizza, says, ‘If you’re massively entrepreneurial this isn’t for you. It’s a discipline, a club with rules. There is some independence --- our franchisees can charge their own prices although we’re strict on menu content. It’s running a business with help.’
剑桥商务英语词汇(中高级)
商务英语词汇大全（一）economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户（美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票（美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币（美作:bill）to pay （in）cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of T en 十国集团Committee of Twenty（Paris Club）二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New Y ork 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of T okyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New Y ork Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three R's 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exercise 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误（short）course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course （of study）学业student body 学生（总称）classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（总称）teachers 教师（总称）primary school teacher 小学老师teacher lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长（女性为:headmistress）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师（蔑称）of school age 教龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons （学生）上课to teach （老师）上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住,掌握to revise, to go over 复习test 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带（美作:trot）to pass an examination （或exam）, 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级prizegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书（美作:high school diploma）holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生（美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士学位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文学sociology 社会学psycology 心理学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学social science 社会科学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学commercial science 商学biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学banking 银行学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学atomic energy 原子能学civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑学chemical, engineering 化学工程accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 辅修school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校（university）campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 阅览室（美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 阶梯教室（美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室（assembly）hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard 黑板（a piece of）chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 廓图,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dictionary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本（美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸（fountain）pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint （pen）圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规Ministry of Labour 劳工部（美作epartment of Labor）labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所（美作:Employment Bureau）labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作（美作:serial production）workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application（for a job）求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动（美作f labor）worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会（美作:labor union）trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward （工厂的）工会代表（美作:union delegate）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资（美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者（个人）the unemployed 失业者（集体）to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工（public）health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchange rate紧缩信贷tighten credit creation私营部门private sector财政管理机构fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策slack fiscal policy 税法tax bill财政public finance财政部the Ministry of Finance平衡预算balanced budget继承税inheritance tax货币主义者monetariest增值税V A T （value added tax）收入revenue总需求aggregate demand商务英语词汇大全（二）货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessiona period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribe to支票帐户checking account货币控制工具instruments of monetry control 借据IOUs（I owe you）本票promissory notes货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of funds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟Monetary Union再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membership criteria汇率机制REM储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bull market非凡的牛市a raging bull规模经济scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-ask spreads 期货（贡）futures经济商行brokerage firm回报率rate of return贡equities违约default现金外流cash drains经济人佣金brokerage fee存款单CD（certificate of deposit营业额turnover资本市场capital market布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System经常帐户current account套利者arbitrager远期汇率forward exchange rate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC （Multi-National Corporation）商业银行commercial bank商业票据comercial paper利润profit本票，期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金（经济人）commission brokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfolio balance theory外汇储备foreign exchange reserves固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权（期货）currency option套利arbitrage合约价exercise price远期升水forward premium多头买升buying long空头卖跌selling short按市价订购贡market order贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金the IMF七国集团the G-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbank market可兑换性convertibility软通货soft currency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital赤字deficit本国货币domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market 国际储备international reserve利率interest rate资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of trade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captial expenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodity exchange期货合同commodity futures contract普通贡common stock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currency devaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discount rate归个人支配的收入disposable personal income 从业人员employed person汇率exchange rate财政年度fiscal year企业free enterprise国生产总值gross antional product库存inventory劳动力人数labor force债务liabilities市场经济market economy合并merger货币收入money income跨国公司Multinational Corproation个人收入personal income优先贡preferred stock价格收益比率price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率prime rate利润profit回报return on investment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonal adjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployed person效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatory trade, compensated deal 储蓄银行savings banks欧洲联盟the European Union单一的实体a single entity抵押贷款mortgage lending业主产权owner''''s equity普通股common stock无形资产intangible assets收益表income statement营业开支operating expenses行政开支administrative expenses现金收支一览表statement of cash flow 贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investment bank机构投资者institutional investor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issue by tender定向发行introduction代销offer for sale直销placing公开发行public issue信贷额度credit line国际债券international bonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interest margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款leveraged loan权利股发行rights issues净收入比例结合net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C2 T/T（telegraphic transfer）电汇3 D/P（document against payment）付款交单4 D/A （document against acceptance）承兑交单5 C.O （certificate of origin）一般原产地证6 G.S.P.（generalized system of preferences）普惠制7 CTN/CTNS（carton/cartons）纸箱8 PCE/PCS（piece/pieces）只、个、支等9 DL/DLS（dollar/dollars）美元10 DOZ/DZ（dozen）一打11 PKG（package）一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12 WT（weight）重量13 G.W.（gross weight）毛重14 N.W.（net weight）净重15 C/D （customs declaration）报关单16 EA（each）每个，各17 W （with）具有18 w/o（without）没有19 FAC（facsimile）传真20 IMP（import）进口21 EXP（export）出口22 MAX （maximum）最大的、最大限度的23 MIN （minimum）最小的，最低限度24 M 或MED （medium）中等，中级的25 M/V（merchant vessel）商船26 S.S（steamship）船运27 MT或M/T（metric ton）公吨28 DOC （document）文件、单据29 INT（international）国际的30 P/L （packing list）装箱单、明细表31 INV （invoice）发票32 PCT （percent）百分比33 REF （reference）参考、查价34 EMS （express mail special）特快传递35 STL.（style）式样、款式、类型36 T或L TX或TX（telex）电传37 RMB（renminbi）人币38 S/M （shipping marks）装船标记39 PR或PRC（price）价格40 PUR （purchase）购买、购货41 S/C（sales contract）销售确认书42 L/C （letter of credit）信用证43 B/L （bill of lading）提单44 FOB （free on board）离岸价45 CIF （cost,insurance补充：CR=credit贷方，债主DR=debt借贷方（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。
剑桥商务英语词汇大全
.Unit 1 the 3 sectors of economy经济的三个部分Infrastructure 基础结构Lean produce 精益生产Warehouse 仓库Industrial units 工业区Residential building 住宅区Agricultural land 农耕区Housing estate地产Managing director 董事总经理，总裁Wholesale outlet 批发商店Retail outlet 零售店Calculation of price 价格计算Added value 增值Smelt 熔炼，提炼Mill 磨Weld 焊接Ex works 出厂价Up stream 上游Down stream 下游Total picture 全局Maintenance 保养，维修Bauxite 铝土矿Coil 线圈Cement 水泥Labor cost 劳力成本Semi-finished 半成品Finished product 成品Department of health 卫生部Primary sector 第一产业Secondary sector 第二产业Tertiary sector 第三产业Raw material 原材料Administration 管理Law 司法Computing 计算机操作Personnel 人事Distribute 分配，配送Health care 医疗卫生Logistics 物流Assemble 装配Disassemble 拆卸Assembling line 生产线Iron ore 铁矿石Division of labor 劳动分工Heavy industry 重工业Light industry 轻工业Marketing 市场营销Chain of command 指挥系统，行政管理系统Core technology 核心技术Know-how 技术诀窍Labor-intensive 劳动密集型Technology-intensive 技术密集型Capital-intensive 资本密集型Hinterland 内地，腹地Initial outlay 初期投资Garments 服装Unit 2 management 管理Manager’s job= planning+ organizing+ leading+ controlling Allocate resources 分配资源Pay and promotion 薪酬和晋升Modify 修正Line manager 一线经理Immediate line manager 直接下属的一线经理Top manager 高层经理Top management 高层管理Middle management 中层管理Supplier 供应商Public authorities 政府部门Be advised 听取意见Distributor 分销商Swiss franc 瑞士法郎Appreciate 升值Depreciate 贬值Component of economy 经济部门Good will resource 商誉Human resource 人力资源Natural resource 自然资源Market share 市场份额Monopoly in/ of/ on 垄断，专利品Management skills 管理技能Management tactics 管理技巧Decision-making 决策Board of directors 董事会Chairman of the board 董事长High-performance car 高性能汽车Tangible/ physical resources 有形资源Capital resources 资本资源Superior 上级Subordinate 下属Senior manager 资深经理Junior manager 初级经理Corporate culture 公司文化Check and balance 制衡Hardware 五金，硬件Monopoly/ lock 垄断Interchangement 互换Solution provider 方案提供商Chain store 连锁店Work experience 工作经历Working hour 工作时间Price v. 定价；比价Chief operation office 首席运营官Operation management 作业管理Financial management 财务管理HR management 人力资源管理Marketing management 销售管理Logistics management 物流管理OTC= over the counter 成药Arts 文科Science 理科Engineering 工科Simulate 仿造，模仿High-end product 高端产品Rock bottom price 最低价Frills 虚饰Target market 目标市场Empowerment 赋权Ad hoc 特别，专门Task force 特遣部队，特别行动组Cash and assets 现金和资产Buffer= cushion 起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway 余地，余裕Product 产品Productivity 生产率Produce 生产；特产local produce 地方特产Delegation 代表团Corporate statement = mission statement 公司主旨Aim/ vision 愿景Corporate image 公司形象For here 堂食To go 带走Focus group 焦点小组Innovation 创新，革新Manageable 可管理的，可处理的Set objective 设置目标Safety net 安全网Dismiss 解职，开除Expertise 专门技术Merchandise 商品，货物Verify 检验，核实IBM= International Business MachinesThe retail sector 零售业Predescribed quantities 预先定好的数量Layout 布局Sales staff 销售人员Working environment 工作环境Day-to-day logistics 日常物流，后勤Day-to-day running of the store 商店的日常运营Strategic management 战略管理Formulating strategy 制定战略Delegation 授权Parameter 参数High street= main street 大众的（商品）Replenish→replenishment （货物的）补充Members of staff 公司职员Voice your consent 抱怨Inventory = stock 库存Policy 保单（a contract of insurance）Philosophy 理念Regular meeting 例会，常规会议Accountability 问责性Unit 3 company structure 公司结构Recruitment 雇佣，招募Remuneration 报酬Department of legal affairs 法务部Purchase 采购部IT 信息技术部R&D 研发部Tooling 加工部Immediate boss 直接上司Immediate subordinate 直接下属Autonomous 自制的Decentralization 分散化，权力下放，分权Function 功能Hierarchy 等级Line authority 直线职权Report to 向……负责Subordinates 下属Matrix 矩阵Assistant manager 助理经理Manager assistant 经理助理Functional structure 机能结构 = production+ finance+ marketing市场营销+ sales+ personnel/ HRLead time 订货交付时间Reorganization 改组Operating division 运营段，运营分部Overlap 重叠Commercial division 商业银行Private banking 私人理财International division 国际银行Investment division 投资银行Inherent problem 固有的问题Product manager 产品经理Market segment 市场细分Autonomy 自治权Priority 优先权Dimensional 四维基质的Sales force 销售队伍Commission 提成Optional features 可选功能，可选装置Cash balance 现金平衡Credit facility 信用工具Profit margin 利益空间Research and development spending 研发投入Self-financing 使用自有资金，自筹资金Organization chart 组织结构图Market research 市场调研（部）Teller 出纳Advertising and promotion 广告与促销Publicity 宣传Industrial belt 工业带Corporate ethos 公司风气Collaboration 协作Insulated = isolated 隔绝的Fragmentation 分裂Subsidiary 分公司Openness 开放性Downsizing 裁员Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Chief financial officer 财务总监Unit 4 work and motivation工作和动机Induce 劝诱，促使Incentive 动力，刺激Labor relations 劳资关系Labor union 工会Benefit 福利，津贴Perk 津贴，补贴Supplement 额外费用Bureaucracy 官僚主义Job safety 工作安全性Job security 工作稳定性Sales promotion 促销Remuneration 薪水Psychological well-being 心理满足Administration 行政管理Working condition 工作条件Paid holiday 带薪假日Sick pay 病假工资Pension 养老金Psychology of work 工作心理学Recognition 认可，承认Checkout till 结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout 结账柜台Till 现金出纳机Cash till 收银台Cash register 收银处Product line 生产线Product line-up 产品系列User-friendly 易于使用的Go round 分配Creature comfort 物质享受Interface 界面程序Annual bonus 年度奖金Corporate culture 公司文化= values价值观+ beliefs信条+ norms标准Dead-end job 没前途的工作Stock order = replenishment 货物补充Hygiene 卫生Play pool 打台球Health screening program 健康检查Sales floor 店面Trade floor 交易所Bus depot 汽车总站Profit-sharing programme 收益分享Career training 职业培训Working week 工作周Pre-school age children 学前儿童Premise 工作场所Subsidize 补贴Tinned food 罐装食物Piecework system 计件系统Pay scheme 薪酬计划Unit 5 management and cultural diversity 管理与文化多样性Localization 本地化Globalization 全球化Pay-for-performance 绩效工资Collectivist 集体主义的Sales rep 商品经销代理Universalist 普爱论者Particularist 排他主义者Glocalization 全球地方化Multinational 跨国公司Unit 6 recruitment 招聘Applicant 申请人Application 申请Application form 申请表Candidate 候选人Curriculum vitae = resume 简历Employment agency 职介机构Job description 职责描述Job vacancy 职务空缺Reference 推荐信Short-list 列入最后候选名单Covering letter= cover letter 附函Give notice 预先通知（辞退）A form of headhunters 猎头公司Follow up 跟进Preliminary selection 初选Testimonials 证明书，推荐书Synchronized sewing 同步缝纫Traineeship 培训Referee 介绍人，推荐人Controlling stake 控股权Contingency 意外事件Contingency plan 应变计划Contingency fund 以外开支准备金Core competence 核心竞争力Home provider 持家者Stereotype 成见Maternity leave 产假Sick pay 病假The trade 同行Trade union = labor union 工会Working class 无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearingChild-rearingAffirmative action 倾向性法案Positive discrimination 积极差别Corporate affairs 公司事务Allowances 津贴，补贴Unit 7 labor relationship劳资关系Trade union= labor union 工会Motorway 高速公路Collective bargaining 集体谈判Go-slow= slowdown 怠工Working-to-rule 按章工作Industrial action 劳工行动Picket 纠察Rate of production 生产速率Premises 企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource 外包Subcontract 转包Subcontractor 承包商Out of house 机构外部的In-house 机构内部的Backstreet 偏僻街道Bill 开出账单，收取费用Staff levels 人员配备情况Bargaining power 议价权Conglomerate 联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival 主要竞争对手Penalty point 违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go 打多少交多少话费Auditor 审计员Adversary 对手，敌手Working hours gongzuoshijWorking practices 工作惯例Uneconomic job 不赚钱的工作Tyranny 专制Deregulation 解除管制Work force 劳动力Public sector 共有部门Unit 8 production生产Flexible production line 柔性生产线Trade-off 妥协，协调，平衡Opportunity cost 机会成本Sunk cost 沉没成本Raw materials 原材料Semi-finished 半成品Finished 成品Product defect 质量缺陷Excess capacity 剩余产能Fixed cost 固定成本Variable cost 可变成本Cash flow 现金流Information flow 信息流Material flow 物料流Logistics 物流Lost sales 销售损失Market share 市场份额Production run 生产周期Mother-board 主板Hard disc 硬盘Chip 芯片Chassis （汽车）底盘Call center 呼叫中心OEM= original equipment manufacter 设备原产商，贴牌制造商Lean production 精益生产= stockless production 零库存生产= JIT= just-in-time production 准时制生产= continuous flow manufacture 连续流程生产PPM= piece per million 每百万件瑕疵率Continuous improvement= kaizen= kaizan 改善哲学Deming cycle= PDCA= plan-do-check-act 德明环ERP= enterprise resources planning 企业资源计划Scientific outlook 科学发展观No slack 无松懈，无容余Hi-fi= high fidelity 高保真Wi-fi= wireless fidelity 无线保真Operation manager 操作经理，运营经理Lead time 交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing= contracting out 外包Plant 工厂Subcontractor 承包商，分包商Economies of scale 规模经济Handling 搬运Depreciation 贬值Set-up 机器设置Obsolescence 过时，废弃Theft 盗窃，偷盗Breakage 破损Leakage 渗漏Under-utilizing 开工不足Defective 次品Quantity discount 大宗购买折扣Stimulate demand 刺激需求Sabotage 蓄意破坏Throughput 生产量，加工阶段Throughput time 输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Product mix 产品组合Product line 产品系列，产品线Product range 产品范围QC department= quality department 质量部Knock-on 附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-on effect 连续反应Circuit board 电路板Implant 植入Transplant 移植Refine process 完善Refinery 精炼厂TQM= Total quality management 全面质量管理Assembling 组装Distribute 分销Equipment 设备，（企业除了房产以外的）固定资产Facility 设备Joint venture 合资企业Location 位置，选址Operation 操作，运营Parts 零件Recall 召回Storage 贮藏（量）Work in process 正在进行的工作Unit 9 products产品Launch a product 发布产品Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand preference 品牌偏爱度Brand switcher 转换不同牌子的人Product line 产品线Product line-up 全系列产品Product mix 产品组合（一种产品的不同形式）Product range 产品范围PLC= Product life cycle 产品生命周期Niche 缝隙Niche market 缝隙市场Line-stretching 产品线的扩展Line filling 产品系列的填补Market segment 细分市场Segmentation of the market 市场细分High-end market 高端市场Low-end market 低端市场Up-market 向高端市场Down-market 向低端市场Product image 产品形象Corporate image 公司形象Shelf life 货架期，存活期Sell-by date 销售期限Expiration date= expire date 产品有效期Eye-soreAround the clock 24小时营业Portion 一客Dehydrate 使脱水Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stakeholder 利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo 标志Slogan 口号Service station （高速公路旁的）服务站Desktop machine 台式机器Financing 融资Economics 经济情况，经济因素Color scheme 色彩主题，色彩搭配Credit facility 信用工具Warranty = guarantee 保修Maintenance 维修保养After-sales service 售后服务Brand name 品牌Brand 商标，牌子Shelf space 货架空位Product development 产品研发Profitability 利润率Vending machine 自动售货机Prototype 原型，雏形Augmented 扩张的Delivery 交货，交付Initiative 主动积极性Market share 市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brand strategy 多品牌策略Vandalize 蓄意损坏公物Retailer 零售商Colgate 高露洁Philips 飞利浦Procter & Gamble 宝洁Unilever 联合利华Yamaha 雅马哈Unit 10 marketing市场营销Marketing mix市场营销组合，营销要素组合= product+ promotion+ price+ place Promotion 促销= advertising+ word of mouth+ public relations+ point of saleMarketing= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 促销+ publicity and public relations 宣传和公共关系Optional 选择（配置）Standard 标准（配置）Personal selling 人员推销Direct marketing 直销Direct mail 直邮Business market= producer market= industrial 商务市场，生产资料市场Consumer market 消费市场List price 标价= suggested retail price= recommended retail price 建议零售价Management consulting 管理咨询Tie range 领带系列Texture 质地Lycra 莱卡Take remedial action 采取补救措施Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitive research 定量分析Internal research 内部分析Raw/ primary/ first-hand data 一手数据Secondary/ second-hand data 二手数据Academic journal 学术期刊Trade journal 行业期刊Wine testing session 品酒会Sample v. 尝试，品尝Distribution channel 分销渠道，配送渠道Market research= marketing research 市场研究，市场调研Centrality 集中性Console 控制台Focus group 焦点小组Head office 公司总部Market opportunity 市场机会Integration 整合Marketer 营销人员Publicity 宣传Questionnaire 调查问卷Sales promotion 促销活动Selling 推销Target customer 目标顾客Hard-sell 硬性推销Market segmentation 市场细分Point of sale 销售点Product concept 产品概念Product features 产品功能Sales representative 销售代理B2B= business to business 企业对企业Selling concept 销售概念Marketing concept 行销概念Differential advantage 差异优势Integrated marketing 整合营销Discount 折扣Payment periodCredit terms 信用调侃Product manager 产品经理Brand manager 品牌经理Annual report 年报Unit11 advertising广告Advertising account 广告客户Advertising agent 广告公司Advertising campaign 广告宣传，广告攻势Brief 摘要Budget 预算Commercial 广播或电视广告Comparative-parity method 相对平等方法，比较奇偶方法Cost per thousand= CPM 每一千个成本Counter-cyclical advertising 非循环的广告Diminishing returns 收益递减Exposure 暴露Frequency 频率Institutional advertising 机构广告= prestige advertising 声望广告Media plan 媒体计划Media space 媒体空间Message 讯息，广告词OTS= opportunity to see 可见机会Prospective customer 潜在顾客Sales revenue 销售收入Sponsorship 赞助Target market 目标市场Threshold effect 门槛效应Turnover 流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouth advertising 口口相传，口碑Billboard = hoarding 广告牌Classified advertisement 分类广告Paid advertising 付费广告Advertising strategy 广告策略Poster 海报Purchasing frequency 购买平率Buyer turnover 新入场客户Match 追平Excessive advertising 过度广告Voiceover 画外音Unit12 promotional tools促销工具Promotion tools 促销工具= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 提升销量+public relations 公共关系Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Coupon 优惠券Introduction stage 引入期Growth stage 增长期，上升阶段Maturity stage 成熟期Decline stage 衰退期，下降阶段Loss leader 特价商品Planning 计划Positioning 定位Price-conscious 对价格敏感的Sales force 销售队伍Salespeople 售货员Sample 样品Trial 尝试Free trial 免费试用Publicity 宣传Paid advertising 付费广告Novel product 新产品Aim 指向Reduction 降价Rebate 回扣Promotional strategy 促销策略Promotional tactic 促销技巧Reduced-price pack 经济装Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Dealer 代理商Off-season 淡季Unit 13 accounting and financial statements 会计和财务报表Accountancy 会计师Accountant 会计师Accounting equation 会计恒等式Accounting 会计学Accrue 自然增加Accrued expenses 应计费用Accumulate 累计Amortization 摊销Annual report 年度报告Appreciate 增值Auditing 审计Bookkeeping 簿记Capitalization 资本化Cash flow 现金流Cost accounting 成本会计Creative accounting 粉饰财务状况Credit 信用，贷方Creditors债权人= accounts payable 应付账款Debit 借方Debt 债务Debtors债务人= accounts receivable 应收账款Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股息，红利Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings 收益Expenditure 支出，花费Expenses 费用，开支Financial statement 财务决算，财务报表Finished products 成品，产品Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Going concern 持续经营Goodwill 商誉Income 收益Interest 利息Long term liabilities 长期负债Current liabilities 流动负债，短期负债Managerial accounting 管理会计Market capitalization 市场资本化Nominal value 票面价值Market value 市场价值Quantify 量化Retained earnings 留存收益Revenue （销售）收入Self proprietorship 独资企业Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stock= inventory 库存Liability for tax 税务负担Transaction 交易Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Prepare budget 编制预算Financial report 财务报表Value v 定价Income & expenditure 收入和支出Debits & credits 借与贷Assets & liabilities 资产与负债Unit cost 单位成本Auditing 审计IRS= Internal Revenue Service 美国税务署Tax authority 税务局CPA= Certificated Public Accountant 注册会计师File a tax return 报税Income tax return 所得税表Income tax 所得税Sales tax 销售税Self-proprietorship 个体户Partnership 合伙，合股Tax break 减免税Turnover 销售收入，总收入Charged against profits 从利润中扣除On credit 赊账Overheads= overhead 固定费用Variable cost 可变成本Shareholder= stockholder 股东Pay liabilities 偿债Purchase price 购买价Depreciation charge 折旧费Understate 低估Overstate 高估Inflation 通货膨胀Deflation 通货紧缩Historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Net book value 净账面价值= purchase value – depreciation chargeCurrent cost accounting 时价会计Replacement cost accounting 重置成本会计Specify v. 规定Profit and loss account= income statement 损益表 (shows earnings & expenditure, i.e. turnover+ costs+ expensed+ overheads )Balance sheet 资产负债表(shows financial situation on particular date, i.e. assets+ long-term & short-term liabilities+ shareholder’s funds)Financial year 财政年度Assets 资产= debtors/ accounts receivable + intangible assetsIntangible assets 无形资产=patents 专利+ goodwill 商誉+ copyrights 版权+ trade marks 商标Liabilities 负债=creditors/ account payableLong-term liabilities= loans 贷款+ bonds 债券Short-term liabilities=taxes+ interests 利息Assets=liabilities+ owners’ equity 资本主权，业主产权（股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权）Assets-liabilities= owners’ equity/ net assets 净资产Share capital 股本，股份资本Share premium= paid-in surplus 股份溢价（超过股票票面价值的所得）Market capitalization 市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves 储量profit→taxation, dividend, retained profitFunds flow statement 资金流量表Source and application of funds statement 资金来源和应用表Statement of changes in financial position 财务状况变动报表Consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表IAS= International Accounting Standards 国际会计标准Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 期初现金Net cash from operating activities 运营净现金Net profit 净利润Retained earnings 留存收益Non-current assets 非流动资产Pre-paid expenses 预付费用Treasury shares 回购股票Translation differences 折算差Deferred tax liabilities 递延税负债Interest-bearing liabilities 有息贷款VAT= value added tax 增值税Associated company 关联公司Minority interests 少数股权Proceeds 所得收入Unit 14 banking 银行业务Personal banking 个人银行业务Cash card 现金卡，借记卡Credit card 信用卡Cash dispenser= ATM= automatic teller machine 自动取款机，自动柜员机Home banking 家庭银行（网银+电话银行）Loan 贷款Mortgage 抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft= overdraw 透支Current account= checking account 活期账户Deposit account= time account= notice account 定期账户Standing order= direct debit 长期委托书The banking industry 银行业Commercial bank= retail bank 商业银行，零售银行Foreign currency 外币Foreign exchange 外汇Spread= margin 差额Credit 借贷Note 纸币Cheque= check 支票Coin 硬币Yield & risk 收益与风险Liquidity 资产流动性Maturity 到期Investment bank= merchant bank 投资银行Issue securities 发行证券Underwrite securities 包销，分销证券Merger 并购Takeover 收购，接管Stockbroker 股票经纪人Portfolio management 投资组合Fee and commission 佣金Universal bank 综合银行Central bank 中央银行Minimum interest rate 最低利率Discount rate 贴现利率Blue chip borrower 蓝筹公司Base rate= prime rate 基本利率Credit standing= credit rating= creditworthiness 信用评价Solvency 偿付能力Collateral 抵押品，担保物Foreign bank 外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency 外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar 石油美元Unit 15 stocks and shares股票Unlimited liability 无限责任Limited liability 有限责任Creditor 债权人Legal entity 法律实体Wound up 中止Liquidate 清算Venture capital 风险投资Memorandum of Association= Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照Article of Association= bylaws 公司条令Director 董事Public listed company= listed company= Publicly quoted company上市公司Shareholder= stockholder 股东Registrar of companies 公司登记处Over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Alternative Investment Market (London) 另类投资市场NasdaqBe quoted= be listed 上市Stock exchange 股票交易所Issue share 发行股票First Public Offering =IPO=Make a flotation= float a company首次公开募股Investment bank 投资银行Underwrite the issue 包销Rights issue 权利股发行Capitalize 资本化Bonus issue 红股发行Annual General Meeting= Annual Meeting of Stockholders 股东年会Residual value 残留价值Liquidation 清算Secondary market 二级市场Nominal value= face value= par value 票面价值Share= stock= equity 股票Blue chip 蓝筹Defensive stock 防御性股票Growth stock 成长性股票Insider share-dealing 内部交易Institutional investor 机构投资者Mutual fund 互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker 造市商Portfolio 组合投资Stockbroker 股票经纪人Cyclical trend 周期性趋势Pension fund 养老基金Insurance company 保险公司Unit 16 bonds 债券Obligation 负债Opportunity cost 机会成本Issue bonds 发行债券Blue chip company 蓝筹公司Rate 评价，估值Rating company 评估公司Standard & Poors 标准普尔Investment grade 投资评级Bearer certificate 不记名债券Primary market 一级市场Secondary bond market 二级债券市场Liquid 变现的Par 面值Coupon 息票Debt financing 负债融资Equity financing 股票融资Tax shield 税收挡避Debt-equity ratio 负债与权益比率Receipts 收入Gilt-edged securities 金边证券Treasury bond 长期国库债券Short-term treasury bill 短期国库券Circulation 流通Redeem 赎回Convertible bond 可转换债券Junk bond 垃圾债券Unit 17 futures and derivativesFutures 期货交易，期货合约Financial asset 金融资产Option 期权Commodities 大宗商品Derivatives 衍生物Hedging 对冲，套期保值Speculation 投机(Write a) Call option 看涨期权Put option 看跌期权Discount store 打折店Spot market 现货市场Futures market 期货市场Forward contract 远期合约Premium 溢价Exchange rate 汇率Interest rate 利率London International Financial Futures Exchange=LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exercise price= strike price 执行价Swap 掉期Currency swap 外汇掉期Interest rate swap 利率掉期Preferential rate 优惠汇率Profit and loss account 损益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 证券交易管理委员会International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 国际掉期与衍生物协会End user 最终用户Corporate governance 公司监管Stop-loss limit 止损点Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一线人员Police vt. 监管Code of conduct 行为规范Unsolicited 主动提供的Shoot through the floor 涨疯了Unit 18 market structure and competitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消费品Market leader 市场领导者Market follower 市场跟从者Market challenger 市场挑战者Market share 市场份额Market segmentation 市场细分Differential advantage 差别又是Unique selling point=USP 独特卖点Submarket 刺激市场Potential customer 潜在客户Barrier to entry 进入门槛Cartel 卡特尔Dominant-firm oligopoly 寡头垄断Economies of scale 规模经济Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买家垄断Natural monopoly 自然垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断Perfect competition 完全竞争Homogenous 同类的，同质的Public utility 公用事业Marginal cost 边际成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并购Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 横向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Innovate 创造发明Diversify 多样化Raid 企图收购Takeover 收购出价Politics 权术，勾心斗角Optimum 最合适的Scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship 技术，技艺Leica 莱卡World-class player 世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize 精简机构人员，合理简化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠杆收购Management buyout= MBO 管理层收购Synergy 协同Asset-stripping 资产剥离Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾债券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 计算机化Flexibility 灵活性Public services 公共服务Self-employment 自我雇佣Decentralization 分权Free trade 自由贸易Job-sharing 工作分享Rationalization 精简增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生产效率Restructuring 重组Structural change 结构改变Welfare 福利Monetary policy 货币政策Private rent sector 私人租赁市场Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 减员Agency employmentRhetoric 说辞Received wisdom 流行观点Unemployment benefit 失业救济Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不稳定性Employability 可雇佣性Structural unemployment 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Structural shift 结构性改变Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典经济理论Welfare capitalism 福利资本主义Vitality 活力Perfect competition 完全竞争，自由竞争Free enterprise 自由市场Well-being 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市场力量Health Department 卫生部National Health Service 全民医疗Undercurrent 潜流Good society 良性社会State action 国家行为Health care 医疗服务Underclass 底层The affluent 富人Planned economy 计划经济Central economic planning 中央经济规划Intervention 干预Coerce vt. 强迫Mortician 殡葬业者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 实业Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 贸易工业部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 财政政策Monetary policy 货币政策Open market operation 开放市场操作Bank run 挤兑Liquidity ratio 现金比率Branch of the government 政府部门Budgetary policy 预算政策Budget deficit 预算赤字US Federal Reserve 美联储Price stability 价格稳定，物价稳定Declare （海关）申报Levy tax at… 对……征税Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Indirect tax 间接税Value-added tax 增值税Regressive tax 递减税Progressive tax 递增税Sales tax 销售税Capital gains tax 资本所得税Capital transfer tax 资本转移税Wealth tax 财富税Tax evasion 逃税，漏税Tax avoidance 避税Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消费税，国内货物税Corporation tax 公司税Marginal rate 边际率Black economy= underground economy 黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting 兼差Self-employed 自雇Family firm 家庭企业Gross national production= GNP 国民生产总值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人寿保险Tax shelter 减免税收合法手段Tax loss 负税亏损Capital expenditure 资本支出，基本建设费用Money laundering 洗钱Unit 24 exchange rates 外汇利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮动利率Peg against 挂钩Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Devaluation 贬值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清洁浮动利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/肮脏浮动利率Purchasing power parity=PPP 购买力平价Convertible currency 可兑换货币European monetary system= EMS 欧洲货币体系Spread 差价Exchange Rate Mechanism= ERM 汇率机制Sterling 英国货币D-mark 德国马克Hedging 对冲Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Capital flow 资本流Cash flow 现金流Common currency 共同货币Floating rate note 浮动利率债券，浮动利率票据Gold standard 金本位Managed floating 管制浮动Managed fund 投资基金Off-the-peg 脱钩Pegged 挂钩的Pure floating 纯粹浮动Unit 25 the business cycle。
剑桥商务英语素材
剑桥商务英语素材Certainly! Here's a sample text for an article on "Cambridge Business English Material":Cambridge Business English Material: Enhancing Communication Skills for the Corporate WorldThe Cambridge Business English material is designed to equip learners with the necessary language skills to thrive in a professional environment. With a focus on real-world scenarios and practical applications, these materials are an invaluable resource for individuals looking to enhance their English proficiency for business purposes.Core Components of the Material1. Vocabulary: The material covers a wide range of business-specific vocabulary, from financial terminology to HR jargon. It helps learners understand and use words that are commonly found in business documents, meetings, and presentations.2. Listening: Through audio clips of native speakers in business contexts, learners can practice their listening skills. The material includes exercises that focus on understanding different accents and speech rates, which are crucial for international business communication.3. Speaking: Role-playing exercises are a key feature, allowing learners to practice speaking in various business situations, such as negotiations, meetings, and networking events. This helps build confidence and fluency in a safe and controlled environment.4. Reading: The material provides a variety of business texts, including reports, emails, and articles. Learners are taught to scan and skim for information, as well as to analyze and critique the content.5. Writing: Learners are guided through the process of writing effective business emails, reports, and proposals. The material emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and the use of appropriate tone and style.Benefits of Using Cambridge Business English Material- Professional Development: The material is tailored to meet the needs of professionals, offering a comprehensive approach to improving language skills in a business context.- Cultural Awareness: It also includes insights into business cultures and etiquette, preparing learners to interact effectively with international colleagues and clients.- Certification Preparation: For those aiming for a Cambridge English qualification, such as the BEC (Business English Certificate), the material provides a solid foundation for exam preparation.- Real-Life Relevance: The practical approach ensuresthat the skills acquired are immediately applicable in the workplace, leading to tangible improvements in job performance.How to Utilize the MaterialTo get the most out of the Cambridge Business English material, learners should:- Set Clear Goals: Determine what specific skills or areas of business English need improvement.- Consistent Practice: Regularly engage with the material to reinforce learning and build confidence.- Supplement with Real-Life Practice: Apply new vocabulary and phrases in actual business interactions whenever possible.- Seek Feedback: Participate in language exchanges orfind a mentor to provide constructive feedback on speaking and writing exercises.In conclusion, the Cambridge Business English material is a powerful tool for anyone seeking to elevate their English language skills for professional use. By focusing on the core competencies required in the corporate world, it prepares learners to communicate with clarity and confidence in a global marketplace.This article provides an overview of what the Cambridge Business English material entails and how it can be beneficial for those looking to improve their English for business purposes.。
新剑桥商务英语初级知识点全总结
新剑桥商务英语初级知识点全总结Unit 1 People1. Introduce yourself:Hello, I’m Gina. My name’s Paulo.A: How do you do? Pleased to meet you.B: How do you do? Pleased to meet you, too. 2. Introducing someone else:This is Wendy. I’d like to introduce Dirk.Do you know Mike? Have you met Oscar?3. Greeting someone you know:A: How are you?B: Fine thanks. Not too bad, thank you.4. Keeping the conversation going:How are things….?Did you have a good flight?Where are you from?Is this your first visit to…?What do you do?Have you ever been to…?How long are you staying?5. Talking taboo: Age, Marital status, Salary, Belief6. Preferred topics: location, work, sports.7. Finding out about people:Your first name’s Pamela, isn’t it?You’re an accountant, aren’t you?Other expression:Is that correct?Right?Can you verify?Unless I’m mistakenIs that true?Please confirm.8. Some words: surname(别名，姓氏), cheque, credit card, MasterCard(万事达信用卡), American Express(美国运通), visa, account number, valid until, signature, assistant manager9. Study these ways of checking information:Your first name’s Pamela, isn’t it?You’re an accountant, aren’t you?You work for Extra tour, don’t you?Unit 2 Talking about companies1. Bank names:中国人民银行:People's Bank of China 中国建设银行：China Construction Bank中国工商银行:Industrial and Commercial Bank of China中国农业银行:Agricultural Bank of China 中国银行：Bank of China中国国家开发银行：China Development Bank中国农业发展银行：China Agricultural Development Bank上海浦东发展银行：Shanghai Pudong Development Bank交通银行：Bank of Communications招商银行:China merchants bank 中国进出口银行：Export-Import Bank of China中国民生银行：China Minsheng Bank 华夏银行：Huaxia Bank 中国光大银行：Everbright Bank of China中信实业银行：CITIC Industrial Bank2. Logo (trademark)商标；line of business—trade 行业；airline 航空公司，航空服务；banking 银行业; Bar coding 条形码; aerospace 航空航天技术; aerospace industrial 航空航天工业; catering 餐饮业; computing 计算机; financial services 金融财务服务业; food processing 食品加工; packaging 包装业; telecommunication 电信; transport 运输; vehicle manufacturing 汽车制造业;3. Line of Business:1 We are mainly engaged in the manufacture and sale of electronic products.2 Our company engages/specializes in the production/trading of….3 we carry out business operations in the following areas: …4 Our b usiness activities range from… to …5 We deal exclusively in cosmetics.6 We’re in the line of foreign trade.7 The company makes/ manufactures/ turns out electronic product.4. Company history:1 ABC Company was established/ founded/ set up in 1992.2 The company is an exported-oriented company with a history of twenty years.3 Our company started out as a small family/ independent company.5. Expression:1 Our company covers/occupies/ has an area of 21,169 square meters.2 This is a multinational company with its headquarters in New York, USA.3 Its head office is in Guangzhou, China.5 It has a staff of around 2 000.6 The total number of employees is over 5 000.7 The company has a manufacturing/production capacity of 50 000.8 Our main products are desktop computers and laptop computers.9 Our products are for both domestic and foreign markets.10 Our market share in China has increased by 5%, making up/ accounting for 15% of total sales.11 Our company has an annual turnover of $10 billion.12 Our sales last year were $ 250 million.13 We’re now working in a partnership with a German company.14 We are the general agent of Epson Corporation6. Letterhead 信头; Date 发信日期; Inside Address 信内地址; Salutation 称呼; Body of the letter 本文; Complimentary Close结束语; Signature 签署; recipient 接受者; accuracy 精确性; clarity 清晰度;Brevity 简洁; Courtesy礼貌7. Common used expression:I am writing to discuss…; I wish to discuss with/inform you…;I would like to …; I am interestedin…; Referring to your letter/our telephone conversation,I would like to…; Thank you for your letter of…; Your letter of … has been passed to me by…8. I look forward to hearing from you soon; I hope to be of service to you in the future;Thank you for your cooperation; if you have any queries, please feel free to contact us9. The reason for writing:I am writing to inquire about…; apologize for…; confirm…10. Requesting:Could you possibly…?I would be grateful if you could…11. Agreeing to Requests:I would be delighted to…It would be my pleasure to…I wouldbe most happy if…12. Closing remarks:Thank you for your help. Please contact us again if we can help in any way.… i f there are any problems.… if you have any questions.13. Reference to future contact:I look forward to hearing from you soon.… to meeting you next Tuesday.… to seeing you next Thursday.14. Standard closes:Sincerely, Respectfully, Sincerely yours, yours sincerely15. Dear Sir or Madam:I saw your advertisement in the November issue of LABORATORY NEWS and I’m interested in your range of products.Could you please send me a catalogue and price list together with information regarding discounts?I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelyLIU CHANG16. Some words: privatization(私有化), brokerage(中间人业务), compressor(压缩机)17. Statements: She called the company Servcorp. / She leased a building in Sydney. Questions: What did she call her company? / Where did she go last year?Unit 3 JOBS1. finance 财务，金融; human resources 人力资源; sales/marketing 销售，营销; Chief Executive Officer (CEO) 首席执行官; accounts clerk 会计人员; credit controller 信贷控制员; Maintenance officer 维护部人员; quality controller 质量管理人员;purchasing officer 采购部人员; pay clerk 出纳员; After-sales clerk 售后服务员; sales representative 销售代表; recruitment officer 招聘官; export clerk 出口部职员; technician 技术员; plant manager 工厂/车间经理; chief accountant 首席会计师; personnel manager 人事经理;2.GM(General Manager)总经理; VP(Vice President)副总裁; FVP(First Vice President)第一副总裁AVP(Assistant Vice President)副总裁助理; CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官; COO(Chief Operations Officer)首席运营官; CFO(Chief Financial Officer)首席财务官; CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官，主管企业信息的收集和发布;CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官; HRD(Human Resource Director)人力资源总监; OD(Operations Director)运营总监; MD(Marketing Director)市场总监; OM(Operations Manager)运作经理; PM(Production Manager)生产经理; (Product Manager)产品经理3. (1) personal qualities（个人素质）(2) secretarial skills and public relation skills（秘书公关能力）(3) language proficiency（语言能力）(4) computer literacy（电脑知识）(5) occupational experience（工作经验）4.Draft拟草;candidate应征者; highly motivated 积极性强; mature 成熟; High proficiency in…精通; elliptical sentences 省略句; abbreviations 缩写词; to invoice sb for sth 给某人开某物支票; in charge of/ take charge of 掌管、主管; enquiry (about/after/for) 询问; raw material 原料; assistant 助手, 辅助的; accounts 会计，账目; qualification 资格; venue 会议地点; spare 多余的，备用的; break down 出故障; launch 发动，发射; presentation 介绍，展示; spare parts 零件，配件; components 零部件; hotline 热线; sales force 销售队伍; reminder 通知单，提示信; a trade fair 贸易展销会; bureaucracy 官僚，官僚作风; leave/take a message 留个口信; putsb through to 为某人接通电话; hold the line 别挂断电话(hang on); hang up 挂断电话; the line’s engaged 电话线忙; at the latest 最迟，最晚; figure 数字; order 订货，订购; workshop 车间; colleague 同事;job 工作，职业，任务，责任;5.Asking to speak to someone* I’d like to speak to Stephanie* Could you put me through to Rolando?I w as wondering could you hook me up to …?–Saying someone is not available* I’m afraid she’s in a meeting/She’s on holidays/the line’s engaged/ there’s no reply/ she’s busy atm/ you just missed her/ she’s tired up–Asking to leave a message* Could I leave a message?* Could you take a message?6. part-time job 兼职工作; full-time job 全职工作; job-creation 就业机会; job market劳务市场; job interview 面试; permanent job 长期工作; temporary job 临时工; odd jobs 零活; a fat job 美差; a tough job 棘手的工作; to quit one’s job 辞职; to get a job offer 得到一份工作; to lose one’s job/ be out of a job 失业7. What do you do? What are your responsibilities? Do you have to? What are you doing at the moment?I work in the Accounts department. I’m responsible for/in charge of invoicing our customers.I deal with invoices and payments. At the moment, I’m sending out reminders.Unit 4 WORK AND PLAY1. Invitation: Would you like to have dinner with me tonight? How about taking a harbor cruise?2. Accepting: I’d love to. That sounds nice. That would be3. Decl ining: I’m afraid I’m leaving tomorrow/ visiting a client/ have a meeting.4. Mountain biking; gardening; jogging; sailing; cinema; reading5. Talking about interests and hobbies:What do you do in your free time? Do you play any sports? Do you ever..? Do you like…?Are you interested in…?6. regularly-frequently-often-sometimes-seldom-never7. Market search:Do you ever…? How often do you…? When did you last…? What kind of…?Do you prefer…? How much do you spend on…?8. Barbecue 烤肉; harbor cruise 海港游; Market search 市场调查Unit 6 Transportation1. Transportation; Transportation Mode; Road transportation; Rail transportation; Waterway transportation; Air transportation2. highway 公路/高速公路; cargo ship（水运）货船; Tanker 油轮; container 集装箱; Freight train 货运火车; supersonic 超音速; pipelines 管道3. Transportation: bicycle 自行车; car 小汽车; bus 大客车; motorcycle 摩托车; taxi 计程车; cart 二轮马车; carriage 四轮马车; jeep 吉普车; tractor 拖拉机; truck 卡车; lorry 重型卡车; coach 大客车; van 厢式货; ambulance 救护车; Underground/subway 地铁; railway 铁路; train 火车; locomotive 火车头; express 快客列车; boat 小船; ship 船; yacht 游船; vessel 大船; warship 军舰; plane/airplane/aero plane/aircraft 飞机; spaceship 宇宙飞船; space shuttle 航天飞机; helicopter 直升飞机; dispatch 派遣; memo4. door to door service; cost-effective; continent 大陆; perishable 易腐败的; refine 提炼5. transportation hub 运输中心; seaboard 海滨,沿海地方; Non-stop flight;6. adequate 充足的,适当的; Terrible; first class; fair; poor; excellent; satisfactory; very good; unsatisfactory7. perishable goods 易腐货品; hazardous goods 危险货品; livestock 牲畜; high value cargo 高级货; fragile goods 易碎货品; flammable goods 易燃货品Unit 7 Imports and Exports1. textile 纺织品,纺织工业; automobile 汽车工业; pharmaceutical 制药的; tourism 旅游业; petroleum 石油; agriculture 农业; oil reserves 石油储备; hi-tech industrial 高科技产业; thriving 繁荣的; to cover our needs in this area; manufacturing area 制造领域; destination 目的地; consumer electronics 消费电子; diversity 多样的; retailing 零售业; insurance 保险业; tourism and travel 观光旅游业;optic-electronic information 光电信息; vowel 元音字母; consonant 辅音字母; international outlook 国际化视野; domestic 国内的; be blind to 盲目,茫然不知,不了解; adapt to the new weather/environment; mass 大量的; economy of scale 规模效益; market segment 市场细分; on-the-job training 在职培训; To take…seriously; labour relations 劳资关系; boom 高峰期; enroll 招收，招聘; diversity into 多样化; old-fashioned 过时的; neglect 忽略; domestic market 国内市场; adapt 应用，利用; to mass produce goods 批量生产; have a short-term view 短浅的目光; reliability 可靠性; segment; consumer technology 民用技术; despite 尽管; bother 烦扰; diversify into other businesses 改变; eventually; costumer-supplier relations 客户与供应商的关系; machinery 机器制造; innovation 创新; takea long view; shareholder 股东2. Expressions:The main industrial is… Our major export is… We are developing the…industry/business.Other important service/manufacturing industries are……employs a lot of people in my area.3. Talking about quantity:Not any—a little—not much--quite a lot—a lot (How much) Not any—a few—not many—quite a lot—a lot (How many) Unit 8 Arrangements1. itinerary 旅行日程;correspondence 通信，一致; humble 谦逊的; pushy 爱出风头的; delegation 代表团; Bombay 孟买; terminal 终点,机场候机室; British airway 英国航空公司; Heathrow 希西罗机场; schedule 计划; check in 办理登记手续; visa/passport 签证; embassy 大使馆; T ransfer to hotel; confirm 确认; enclose 随信附上; to propose 建议; register/registration 登记，注册; on receipt of sth 收到…; accommodation 住宿; hospitality 热情; warehouse 仓库; implement 实施; Headquarter 总部; reserve/reservation 保留,预定;2.What arrangements have to be made before going on a business trip abroad?book flightsarrange visasorder traveler chequesbook accommodationarrange appointmentspack luggage3. Arrangements: be+ doing you’re flying on Monday.Sudden decisions promises: will I’ll make an appointment.4.A B1 enclose a an appointment2 make b a conference3 attend c a table4 book d a registration form5 reserve e a reservation6 confirm f a room5.When making an appointment, how do you suggest a time?When would be convenient? When would suit you? Are you free on Monday? How about 10.00?Say yes? That’s fine. That suits me.Say no? I am afraid I can’t make Wednesday.I am sorry, I can’t manage Wednesday.Unit 9 Products and services1. set foot inside踏进; plc (Public Limited Company)公共有限公司; overheads 杂项开支; Length, width, height, colors, material, price, depth, weight; robust; plastic; easy-to-use; round; wood; attractive; leather; square 平方的; sphere 半圆的; cotton; wool; cube 立方; good-value; cone 圆锥形; triangle 三角形; flexible; long-lasting 持续时间长的;2. Apologizing: I’m very/really sorry.Accepting an apology: I see. That’s OK. Never mind.3.Courier导游,通讯员,送快信的人; Reliable; environmental friendly;Unit 11~131. Project; logo; sub-logo; BBC; to launch; simplify; twofold; core value2. logo--a name, symbol, or trademark designed for easy and definite recognition, especially one borne on a single printing plate or piece of type 标志或商标;licence—1)official or legal permission to do or own a specified thing 特许2)proof ofpermission granted, usually in the form of a document, card, plate, or tag 证书，许可证; launch of a range of new products---to introduce products to the public or to a market 推出新产品; On-screen graph—the diagram shown on the screen; vibrate--to shake or move with or as if with a slight quivering or trembling motion 颤动; Visually fragmented—looks like being broken; fragment—n. a small part broken off or detached 碎片; to break or separate (something) into fragments 打碎; sub-logo 副图标; media 媒体; Artistic excellence---being very beautiful3.direct mail 直接邮件; advertising; merchandising推销规划; consumer promotions; Coupon 赠券;减价优待券,票据; purchase; customer base 客户群; cost-effective开销适当的;有成本效益的;划算的; affordable; consumer goods/products 日用产品; industrial goods/products 工业产品; negotiation 谈判; currency 货币; persuade 说服; Shopping holdall 购物手提箱; circulation 流通，发行量; Ballpoint pens 圆珠笔; reflectors 反光镜; Keyrings 钥匙圈; baseball caps; erasers; penknives 小刀; balloons 气球; space flying 太空飞碟; spreadsheet 电子表格; induction courses 入职培训; overdue 过期; invoice 发票; chase it straightway 直接追着要; consignment 委托，运送; faulty 有错误的4.美国运通旅游有关服务（American Express Travel Related Services）;美国运通财务顾问（American Express Financial Advisors）;美国运通银行（American Express Bank）5.Promotional campaign; reputation; reasonable price; to place an order6. Bank services:Open an account; deposit some money; withdraw money; apply for a credit card; apply for the housing loans; transfer accounts; Buy electric power / gas; buy some checkbooks; change money; Apply for the online banking7. The proverb about money:1. Time is money.2. Money talks.钱能通神。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
剑桥商务英语资料大全美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文等。
研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。
如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。
美国大学生於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。
反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。
通常论文篇首(Preliminaries)，(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(一) 篇首：封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) ：引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。
进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。
题目可以提供研究者：一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。
构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。
如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。
好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。
- 1 - 此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。
当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如Seminar 式的报告。
就算是小报告，也至少应含(一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期(二)Summary：即主要的结论(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容(四)TechnicalSections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。
(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。
写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。
此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。
论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。
投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。
BEC中级口试全真试题Part I Phase I I: Good morning/afternoon. I’m … and this is my colleague …. S/he’s just going to listen to us. Could I have your mark sheets, please? (To A) What’s your name? Where are you from? A:回答I: Thank you. (To B) And you? B:回答I: Thanks. Do you work or are you a student, B? B: 回答I: (What do you do? What do you study?) B:回答I: What about you, A? (What do you do? What do you study?) A: 回答I: What do you like most about your job/studies, A? A:回答I: (Why?) A:回答I: What about you, B? B:回答Phase II 1 I: A, which specific skills will you need most in your career? (Why?) A:回答I: How about you, B? (Why?) B:回答I: B, what qualities does a good employee needto have? (Why?) B:回答I: What do you think, A? A:回答I: A, to what extent is it possible to train people in interpersonal skills?(Why/Why not?) A:回答- 2 - I: B, which special qualities do you think managers need to have? (Why?) B:回答2. I: Do you find the internet useful for your work/studies, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: How about you, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: Do you think the internet will become more widely used by companies in the future, B?(Why/Why not?) B:回答I: What do you think, A? A:回答I: Do you think that the internet is an effective channel for marketing a company’s products, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: Do you think other forms of advertising will continue to be more important than the internet, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答3. I: How ambitious are you for your career, A?(Why/Why not?) A:回答I: How about you, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: Do you think you are or would be a good manager, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: A, what do you think? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: Would you rather be a manager in a small company or a large corporation, A? (Why) A:回答I: Would you like to be the head of your own business, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答4.I: How do you feel about being away from home on business, A? (Why) A:回答I: What about you, B? (Why?) B:回答I: Do you think all hotels should provide special facilities for business people, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: How about you, A? What do you think? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: Do you think it is an advantage to stay in a large international hotel rather than a small hotel when on business, A? (Why/Whynot?) A:回答I: Do you prefer to stay in a hotel on your own or with colleagues, B? (Why?) B:回答 5. I: How important is it to you to have flexible working hours, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: What about you, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: Do you think that companies should control the number of extra hours staff work, B?(Why/Why not?) B:回答I: How about you, A? What do you think? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: Do you work more effectively at certain times of the day, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: Do you work faster when you have to meet a deadline, B? (Why/Why not?) 6. I: Are you influenced by company logos when you choose services or products, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答I: What about you, B? (Why/Why not?) B:回答I: What kinds of popular events or personalities do you think companiesshould be involved in sponsoring, B? (Why?) B:回答I: What are you, A? What do you think? (Why?) A:回答I: Do you think that sponsoring sports events or personalities is the most effective form of advertising, A? (Why/Why not?) A:回答- 3 - I: B, do you think companies will make more use of sponsorship in the future as a way of advertising? (Why/Why not?) B:回答BEC中级口试全真试题Part Ⅱis important when planning a presentation? Finding out about the audience Researching the topic is important when aiming to improve customer service? Staff Training Customer Satisfaction Surveys is important when managing a project? Encouraging Teamwork Keeping to schedule is important when motivating staff? Financial benefits Career development Opportunities is important when dealingwith competition? Pricing policies Advertising strategies is important when planning health and safety training? Selecting topics Selecting staff to attend 7:What is important when choosing new office equipment? Prices and discounts Brand names is important when entertaining foreign business clients? Venue for entertainment Cultural Differences is important when aiming to reach new markets? Market research Advertising is important when choosing a management training course to attend? Program Contents Length of course is important when relocating a business? Local workforce available Location of site is important when advertising a new product? Target markets Choice of media is important when starting a new job? Knowledge of company procedures Help from company staffis important when selecting staff for marketing trips abroad? Position in the company Previous experience of other countries - 4 - is important when aiming to reduce production costs? Efficiency of production line Cost of raw materials is important when choosing people to work in teams? Variety of experience Personal qualities is important when dealing with a heavy workload? Time management Sharing tasks is important when developing new products? Market research Pricing is important when being interviewed for a job? Information about the company Personal appearance is important when exhibiting at a trade fair? Quality of display Staff selected is important when introducing a reward system for staff? Purpose of the reward system Types of reward offered is important when entertaining clients? Typesof activities Cost is important when choosing retail premises to rent? Location Length of contract is important when deciding on packaging for products? Image Production process is important when selecting staff for promotion? Attitude to work Current performance is important when considering a career change? Future study or training Opportunities for future promotion is important when planning an advertising campaign? Market research Selecting appropriate media is important when choosing transport for a business trip? Convenience Cost-effectiveness is important when aiming for promotion? Quality of performance Company loyalty is important when exporting goods or services for the first time? Personal Contacts Professional advice - 5 - is important when dealing withcomplaints from clients? Offering an apology Suggesting a solution to the problem is important when setting prices for new products? Production costs Competitors’pricesis important when aiming to reduce staff turnover? Financial incentives Career structure 33. What is important when planning the layout of a new store? Attractiveness Security of goods is important when choosing a new sales agent? Experience of agent Number of contacts 35 What is important when monitoring the quality of service provided? Feedback from customers Checking sales figures 36: What is important when…? selecting applicants for a job work experience personal qualities 37: What is important when…? choosing a new supplier price and discountsreputation 38: What is important when…? aiming to improve production quality up-to-date equipment staff training 39: what is important when…? preparing for a job interview studying the job advertisement finding out about the company 40: what is important when…? deciding whether to attend a conference venue speakers 41: What is important when…? developing new products market research costs involved BEC中级口试全真试题Part III 1. Program for New Staff The manufacturing company you work for would like to introduce a full programme of training for new staff. You have been asked to help prepare the programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what should be covered by the training programme - 6 - --- how else new staff can be helped to settle intotheir jobs as quickly as possible 2 Company Dress Code Your Managing Director is unhappy with the general standard of dress among staff. You have been asked to make recommendations about introducing a dress code or company uniform. Discuss the situation together, and decide: ---what the advantages and disadvantages of having a company uniform would be --- what kind of dress code would be appropriate for staff in different types of jobs 3 Staff Training Your company has decided to use an outside agency for training sales staff. You have been asked to have preliminary discussions with the agency to organise this. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what information you will need to provide for the agency ---what kinds of questions you will need to ask the agency 4. Company Video The manufacturingcompany you work for is planning to make a video to show to potential customers and investors. You have been asked to help with planning the video. ---Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- which departments and activities in the company should be included in the video ---which company personnel should appear in the video 5. Business Magazine Article An international business magazine is sending a journalist to write about your region, and wants to include an article about the retail company you work for. You have been asked by your company to help the journalist plan the article. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what kinds of information should be included in the article - 7 - --- how this article could benefit your company 6. Opening a Branch Abroad The retail company you work for has decided to open a branchabroad for the first time. You have been asked to help with the planning of the new branch. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what staffing arrangements might be necessary for the new branch --- which information about premises in that country it would be useful to find out about 7. Entertaining Foreign Clients Your company is entertaining a group of foreign clients for three days, including one non-working day. You have been asked to plan a programme for the visit. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what kinds of activities would be suitable for the visit --- what information it would be useful to know about the clients before finalizing the program 8. Work Experience Programme The manufacturing company you work for has decided to offer a two-week work experience programme for a smallgroup of students from a local business college. You have been asked to help with the preparations for this programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what kinds of work experience the company might offer --- how the participants should be selected 9. English Language Training Your company is planning to offer 30 hours of English language training to employees. You have been asked to help with the planning and organization of the training. Discuss the situation together, and decide: - 8 - --- how to encourage employees to take part in the training --- what kind of schedule would be suitable for the training 10. Teamwork Your company is sending a small group of employees away together for three days to encourage them to work as a team. You have been asked to help plan the programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide:--- what practical arrangements the company needs to make before the trip --- what work and leisure activities would be suitable for the group Business Trip Your company is attending a trade fair in a foreign country for the first time. You have been asked to help with the preparations for the trip. Discuss the situation together, and decide: ---what travel and accommodation arrangements you will need to make before the trip ---which kinds of business customs in the foreign country it would be useful to know about, and how to find out about these before the trip 12. (For three candidates) Entertaining Foreign Clients Your company is entertaining a group of foreign clients for three days, including one non-working day. You have been asked to plan a programme for the visit. Discuss the situation together, and decide:--- what kinds of activities would be suitable for the visit --- which members of staff should accompany the visitors --- what information it would be useful to know about the clients before finalizing the programme 13. For three candidates Work Experience Programme - 9 - The manufacturing company you work for has decided to offer a two-week work experience programme for a small group of students from a local business college. You have been asked to help with the preparations for this programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- what kinds of work experience the company could offer . how the participants should be selected --- what feedback and evaluation should take place after the programme has finished 14 For three candidates English Language Training Your company is planning to offer 30hours of English language training to employees. You have been asked to help with the planning and organization of the training. Discuss the situation together, and decide: --- which staff would benefit most from English language training . how to encourage employees to take part in the training ---what kind of schedule would be suitable for the training 15 For three candidates Teamwork Your company is sending a small group of employees away together for three days to encourage them to work as a team. You have been asked to help plan the programme. Discuss the situation together and decide: --- what practical arrangements the company needs to make before the trip --- which work and leisure activities would be suitable for the group --- how to evaluate the success of the trip BEC中级模拟口试试题Stage OneInterlocutor: Good morning. My name is John Smith, and this is my colleague, Mary Clinton. And your names are Li Hua and Wang Wei? - 10 - Li: Yeah Wang: Yeah Interlocutor: Thank you. Now, first of all, we\’d like to know something about each of you. Mr. Li, can you tell me about yourself? Li: My pleasure. As you know, my name is Li Hua. I\’m from Jiangsu province. I\’m now studying in Suzhou University. And I\’m majoring in international trade there. Interlocutor: Thank you. Mr Li. Now Mr. Wang, can you tell me about your ambitions? Wang: Yes. I am now a student with Suzhou University majoring in business administration. I hope I can get my MBA and join a world-famous multinational company. And after I have had enough experience, I am going to start a company of my own. Interlocutor: Thankyou, Mr. Wang. And Mr. Li, could you tell me about your ambitions? Li: A big question for me indeed. I\’ve never thought about it, but I bet I\’ll work towards a CEO of a big multinational corporation. That\’s my g oal in life. And that\’s why I am spending so much time on English, business English in particular. Interlocutor: Mr. Li, you said you\’re spending a lot of time on business English. Do you think business English is difficult to learn? Li: Not exactly, though it may be difficult at the initial stage. The thing is that you need to have some business knowledge before you start to learn business English. Interlocutor: How about you, Mr. Wang? Is it difficult for you? Wang: Not really. You know, I like English very much, and my major is business administration. So I have always found business English very interesting. Stage Two Theimportance of having a good CV Well, in my opinion, you can never underestimate the importance of having a good CV. In themajority of cases, your CV is the employer\’s first impression of you, your first chance to impress your potential employer, let\’s say. It is the essential illustration of your suitability for the job, showing how your skills and experience match your employer\’s requirements. But more than that, it shows your ability to summarize, prioritize and present information effectively, essential skills in today\’s job market. It also shows your linguistic and communicative abilities. Even though employers these days use a variety of selection techniques, such as analyzing your handwriting, a good CV is still the single most important part of any application.- 11 - Stage Three Time Management Your company has found that ineffective time management is one of the major problem areas throughout the workforce. You have been asked to put forward some suggestions for improvingthe situation. Discuss, and decide together: ------why poor time management can become a major problem in companies ------what procedures could be adopted to ensure that time is managed effectively. Zhang: Hi, Ms Wang, you know, our company is sort of out of control these days. Don\’t you think so? Wang: Yeah. Everything seems to be in disorder here in our company. And that obviously has a lot to do with poor time management. Zhang: You mean poor time management has caused all these problems. Why? Wang: When time is not well planned within a company, they usually do notallocate blocks of time to specified tasks. They do not have a definite idea of when they should complete a certain task. And … Zhang: And I think they often neglect the ordering of priorities. I mean certain tasks need our prior attention. But in our company every task is treated on an equal basis,even if it is a very urgent task. Wang: That\’s the point. So time should be planned according to the importance of the tasks we need to deal with. Zhang: So what do you think we can do so that time is managed effectively here in our company? Wang: You mean what procedures we can adopt? Zhang: Sure. That\’s what our boss is asking us to do. Right? Wang: Right.I think we\’ve got a lot to do. First, we should make all the staff members realize how important effective time management is to our company. Zhang: Yes, I think we can give them instructionin time management, especially those in supervisory positions. - 12 - Wang: Right, perhaps we can run a few training programs for them. If need, we may invite some experts from outside to help us. Zhang: Another thing we can do is to make all the managers, or even every staff member,come up with a job description of their own. In this way, they can be pretty sure about what they are responsible for and what they are not. Wang: Yes, that\’s a good idea. And I think, the top managers of our company should come up with a set of rules as to what kind of jobs should be given priority to. In this way,we can make sure that important tasks are dealt with first. Zhang: Good idea. So to sum up, our company should run a few training programs, and every staff member should write a job description of their own. Wang: And rules should be made as towhat kind of job should be given priority to. Edited by Glen Luo - 13 -。