高口翻译第二讲转译法

翻译第二讲：转译法

英语和汉语的区别：

英语：印欧语系，一个句子只能有一个动词。

汉语：汉藏语系，一个句子中可以有多个动词。

英译汉

一、翻译成汉语中的动词：

1.名词转动词

a. 由动词派生出的名词

∙That merchant sold tiger bones at a profit.

∙Rockets have found application in universe exploration.

b. 含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)

∙The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

∙The company now has offices in Beijing and Shanghai, and more growth is planned for 2008.

c.英语中有些加后缀-er的名词的名词。

∙The old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.

∙Although a relative newcomer to the world of luxury products, China is now experiencing a fast expansion.

注意：英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。

∙He took a brief, restless nap.

∙She turned worrying glances toward the distance.

2.介词转译成动词

∙Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

∙“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

3.形容词转译成动词

∙It was a very informative meeting.

∙He is not very mindful of personal gains and losses.

二、翻译成汉语中的名词：

1．名词派生的动词：

∙Most satellites are designed to burn up after completing their missions.

∙Continuous fighting has mainly characterized their relationship.

注意：英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词

∙The film “The Sound of Music” impressed him deeply.

∙The President had prepared carefully for his journey.

2. 有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。

Snow was victimized because he supported the new Chinese government.

Victor was blacklisted because he struck a smuggler.

3. 形容词转译成名词

∙Stevenson was eloquent and elegant

∙Obedience is obligatory on soldiers.

4. 副词转译成名词

∙Traditionally, there had always been intermarriage between two countries.

∙If an answer is not given willingly and cordially, the patrol shall not be landed.

三、名词译成汉语中的形容词（形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词）

∙I recognized the absurdities of dealing with them through intermediaries.

∙The pallor of her face indicated cleared how she was feeling at the moment.

四、名词翻译成汉语的副词

∙The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.

∙When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.

五、转换成汉语象声词

∙Noisely, the crowd swarmed out of the gate.

∙The logs were burning briskly in the fire.

∙He went upstairs with a heavy tread.

汉译英

一、汉语动词翻译成英语的名词

∙市长动员学生们为城市的发展多做贡献。

∙此次的洛阳之行，让他越发喜欢这个地区的历史和文化。

二、汉语动词翻译成英语的形容词

∙中央和地方政府的投资，应着重在一些回报率低、风险高、社会效益大的项目上起引导作用