高口翻译第二讲转译法

翻译第二讲：转译法英语和汉语的区别：英语：印欧语系，一个句子只能有一个动词。

汉语：汉藏语系，一个句子中可以有多个动词。

英译汉一、翻译成汉语中的动词：1.名词转动词a. 由动词派生出的名词∙That merchant sold tiger bones at a profit.∙Rockets have found application in universe exploration.b. 含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)∙The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.∙The company now has offices in Beijing and Shanghai, and more growth is planned for 2008.c.英语中有些加后缀-er的名词的名词。

∙The old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.∙Although a relative newcomer to the world of luxury products, China is now experiencing a fast expansion.注意：英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。

∙He took a brief, restless nap.∙She turned worrying glances toward the distance.2.介词转译成动词∙Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.∙“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.3.形容词转译成动词∙It was a very informative meeting.∙He is not very mindful of personal gains and losses.二、翻译成汉语中的名词：1．名词派生的动词：∙Most satellites are designed to burn up after completing their missions.∙Continuous fighting has mainly characterized their relationship.注意：英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词∙The film “The Sound of Music” impressed him deeply.∙The President had prepared carefully for his journey.2. 有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。

Snow was victimized because he supported the new Chinese government.Victor was blacklisted because he struck a smuggler.3. 形容词转译成名词∙Stevenson was eloquent and elegant∙Obedience is obligatory on soldiers.4. 副词转译成名词∙Traditionally, there had always been intermarriage between two countries.∙If an answer is not given willingly and cordially, the patrol shall not be landed.三、名词译成汉语中的形容词（形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词）∙I recognized the absurdities of dealing with them through intermediaries.∙The pallor of her face indicated cleared how she was feeling at the moment.四、名词翻译成汉语的副词∙The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.∙When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.五、转换成汉语象声词∙Noisely, the crowd swarmed out of the gate.∙The logs were burning briskly in the fire.∙He went upstairs with a heavy tread.汉译英一、汉语动词翻译成英语的名词∙市长动员学生们为城市的发展多做贡献。

∙此次的洛阳之行，让他越发喜欢这个地区的历史和文化。

二、汉语动词翻译成英语的形容词∙中央和地方政府的投资，应着重在一些回报率低、风险高、社会效益大的项目上起引导作用∙随着企业规模的逐渐扩大，我发现商学院学到的东西越来越有用。

三、汉语动词翻译成英语中的介词∙为了应对金融危机以及促进发展，中央政府实施了4万亿的投资计划∙人们希望这次的当选的总统能够带领全国尽快走出这次危机。

四、汉语名词翻译成英语的动词∙他在期终考试中得了第一名。

∙他的态度极其镇静五、汉语形容词或副词翻译成名词：∙中国表示坚决反对拍卖中国文物。

∙水资源紧张，优先用水的总是城市和工业生产六、形容词或副词转译成英语的介词：∙阳光普照大地。

∙那消息很快传遍全世界。

七、汉语的副词转换成英语形容词∙为了让访客亲身感受城市的发展，市政府组织了这次活动。

∙他每年去北京一次，使他接触到不少大场面。

词汇扩充：政治政府词汇国际通行的吸引外资方式internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment国家财政包揽过多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden.国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission国家确定的重点领域投资 investment in the key areas designated by the state 国家税源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue国家重点科研项目 national key scientific research projects国库券 treasury bonds国民经济各方面 all sectors of the national economy国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)国内短缺原材料和资源性产品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China国有独资商业银行 wholly state-funded commercial bank国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises国有资产管理、的监督和营运机制management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets国有资源有偿使用 paid use of state-owned resources国债资金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds过剩的生产能力 excessive production capacity海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations合同管理制 contract management system黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。

Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏观调控目标 macro-control targets宏观经济预期目标 macroeconomic targets会计法 the Accounting Law会计信息质量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy基本养老保险省级统筹 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基层监督grass-roots supervision基础设施建设 construction of infrastructural facilities缉私 suppress smuggling稽察特派员 special inspectors及时、的足额发放 timely and full funding of pension急需安排的重点支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects挤占、的挪用财政投资misappropriation or diversion of financial investment技术密集型产业 technology-intensive industries加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline加大宏观调控力度 tighten macro-control加大转移支付力度 increase transfer payments加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring加强军队和政权建设 strengthen army building and the organs of political power坚持解放思想、的实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipatingthe mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time. 坚定信心 proceed with confidence坚决不搞重复建设 prohibit redundant projects坚决杜绝劣质工程 prohibit inferior projects艰苦奋斗、的勤俭建国 hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift减轻企业负担 lighten the burden on enterprises减人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls减员增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency剪彩仪式ribbon-cutting ceremonies建立公共财政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance建设文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families讲排场、的摆阔气、的比享受ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking降低银行存贷款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans,节能、节水、节地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution金融体制改革 reform of the financial system经济不发达地区 economically underdeveloped areas经济发展后劲 future economic growth 经济房 low-cost housing经营收费 operating charges精打细算 meticulous plan all expenditures精心设计 meticulous design就业问题 the problem of employment。