初中英语 苏州中考复习专题--反义疑问句(讲解带练习)
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反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
主要有两部分组成:陈述部分+疑问部分。两部分的人称时态应保持一致。陈述部分和疑问部分要么前肯后否,要么前否后肯。主要有两种类型:
①陈述部分(肯定)+疑问部分(否定)
②陈述部分(否定)+疑问部分(肯定)
eg: It’s cold today, isn’t it? 今天天气冷,不是吗?
eg:He doesn’t like it, does he? 他不喜欢,是吗?
少数情况:祈使句部分(肯定)+疑问部分(肯定)
eg:Let us go, will you? 让我们去吧,好吗?
Let’s go,shall we?
1 主语
(1)一般词语
附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语,用主格。附加疑问句随从句。
注:陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I。
eg: I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
(2)不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是
one时,后面的疑问句可用one/he.
no one时,后面附加疑问句中主语用they。
Everything,anything, nothing, something时,附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they。
this,that,或those, these时,附加疑问句中主语用it或they.
everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,nobody等时,附加疑问句中主语一般用they(口头语,非正式文体)/he(正式文体)。
不定式时,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it。
there be句型时,附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。
陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
2 否定意义的词
(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing,none, rarel y, no,not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式
e.g: There' re few apples in the basket, are there?
e.g: He can hardly swim,can he?
e.g: They seldom come late, do they?
(2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he
e.g: Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they/isn't he?
(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything, something, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。
eg: Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?
(4)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un, dis, no-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当作肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。
eg: He looks unhappy, doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
eg: The girl dislikes history, doesn’t she? 这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
(5)当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
eg: There will be less pollution, won't there?
❖注:否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
eg: It is impossible,isn't it?
eg: He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
❖ 3 表示主语的词
含有think,believe, suppose, imagine, expec t等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。(即当主句是I think,I believe,I suppose,I imagine,I expect, I guess时要反问从句,其余句式均反问主句。)
(1)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:
eg: I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
eg: We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。
eg: I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
eg: We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为"Yes,they have.";若尚未到达,使用"No, they haven't."。
(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关)。
eg: Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
eg: You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
eg: They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
eg: She doesn't expectthat we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
4 have
陈述部分有hadbet ter,或其中的had表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
eg: You’d betterget up early, hadn’t you?
其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头。如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:(h ave 表示有可用do或have来改写)
eg: He has twosisters, doesn’t he?
= He has two sisters, hasn’t he?
eg: He doesn't haveany sisters, does he?
5 祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:
(1)一般情况下用will y ou 或won't you。
eg: Give me a hand,will you?
eg: Leave all the things as they are, won’t you?
eg: Don't spoil your child, will you?
eg: Take his dirty gloves away ,won't you?
(2)以Let's(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,疑问句必须用shall we(s hall只用于第一人称);只有以Letus(听话人不被包括在“us”里面)或Let me开头的祈使句,问句才用will you。
eg: Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
eg: Let's try again, shall we?