国际财务报告准则- IFRS 10
国际财务报告准则
国际财务报告准则国际财务报告准则(IFRS)是全球范围内通用的金融会计报告标准。
它为企业提供了一个一致的、可比较的财务报告框架,以便投资者、债权人和其他利益相关者可以理解和比较不同企业的财务状况和业绩。
IFRS的制定和发布是由国际会计准则委员会(IASB)负责。
IASB是一个独立的国际标准制定机构,其成员来自不同的国家和地区,致力于开发和推动IFRS的应用。
IFRS已成为公认的国际会计准则,并在许多国家和地区得到采用。
IFRS的制定目的是为了提高财务报告的透明度和可比性,以促进全球投资和跨境交易的发展。
它的应用范围包括所有以营利为目的的企业,无论其规模和所有制形式如何。
IFRS强调提供关键信息,使用户能够了解企业的财务状况、经营绩效和现金流量。
与其他国家的会计准则相比,IFRS具有以下几个重要特点:首先,IFRS注重公允价值的计量。
公允价值是资产和负债的衡量基准,它反映了市场上的实际交易价格。
IFRS要求企业在财务报告中披露资产和负债的公允价值,并提供相应的准则和指导。
其次,IFRS强调重大判断和估计的披露。
在编制财务报告时,企业需要对一些重大的会计判断和估计进行说明,包括收入确认、减值测试和业务组合等。
这样可以增加财务报告的透明度,使用户更好地理解企业的经营状况。
第三,IFRS提供了一套完整的会计准则和解释,以指导企业如何处理各种复杂的交易和业务情况。
它包括多个标准,如收入、金融工具、租赁、商誉和关联方交易等。
这样的标准体系可以确保企业在编制财务报告时符合统一的规定。
另外,IFRS也注重财务报告的格式和内容。
它要求企业按照一定的格式和结构编制财务报告,包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表和股东权益变动表等。
同时,IFRS还要求企业提供其他补充信息,如经营绩效指标、现金流量分析和业务风险等。
IFRS在全球范围内的应用已取得了显著的成就。
它促进了跨国公司的财务报告比较和合并,减少了会计处理的复杂性和差异性,提高了国际投资者对企业财务信息的信任和决策能力。
财务报表的国际财务报告准则是什么
财务报表的国际财务报告准则是什么在当今全球化的经济环境中,企业的财务信息需要在国际范围内具有可比性和透明度,以满足投资者、债权人、监管机构等众多利益相关者的需求。
国际财务报告准则(International Financial Reporting Standards,简称 IFRS)就是为了实现这一目标而制定的一套全球性的财务报告标准。
那么,国际财务报告准则到底是什么呢?简单来说,它是一套规定了企业如何编制和列报财务报表的规则和指南。
这些准则旨在确保财务信息的质量、一致性和可比性,使得不同国家和地区的企业财务报表能够在同一基础上进行比较和分析。
国际财务报告准则的产生有着深刻的历史背景和现实需求。
随着国际贸易和投资的不断增长,跨国企业的数量和规模日益扩大。
然而,由于各国在财务报告方面存在着不同的标准和惯例,这给企业的跨境融资、合并报表以及投资者的决策带来了很大的困难和不确定性。
为了解决这些问题,国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board,简称 IASB)制定了国际财务报告准则,以促进全球财务报告的趋同。
国际财务报告准则涵盖了财务报表的各个方面,包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用等的确认、计量和披露。
例如,在资产的确认方面,IFRS 规定了资产必须满足一定的条件才能被确认为资产,如资产必须是由企业控制的、预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源等。
在计量方面,IFRS 允许企业在一定的范围内选择合适的计量属性,如历史成本、公允价值等。
在披露方面,IFRS 要求企业提供充分的信息,以便使用者能够理解企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。
国际财务报告准则的特点之一是原则导向。
这意味着准则更多地强调了财务报告的基本原则和概念,而不是详细的规则和程序。
这样的设计旨在为企业提供更多的判断空间,使其能够根据自身的经济实质和交易情况进行会计处理。
然而,这也对企业的会计人员和审计师提出了更高的要求,他们需要具备良好的专业判断能力和职业道德,以确保财务报告的准确性和合规性。
解读《IFRS 10——合并财务报表》
解读《IFRS 10——合并财务报表》Zhoujiliang一、前言:2011/5/12,IASB正式对外发布了《IFRS 10——合并财务报表》、《IFRS 11——合营安排》和《IFRS 12——涉入其他主体的披露》,从而完成了其对资产负债表表外活动和合营安排的会计准则的修订。
IFRS 10、IFRS 11和IFRS 12自2013年1月1日起生效,允许主体提前采用。
IFRS 10取代了《SIC 12号——合并:特殊目的主体》和《IAS 27号——合并财务报表和单独财务报表》。
本文旨在通过分析IFRS 10的重要概念、评估控制表格和实例,以图达到快速学习该准则之意。
因笔者水平有限,如有遗漏,欢迎指正。
二、背景:1、现有IAS 27、SIC-12对于控制概念运用存在两个实施标准,存在应用差异。
IAS 27强调控制为:主体通过掌控另一主体的财务和经营政策从而获取该主体的经济利益。
SIC-12强调控制为:主体承担了某特殊目的主体的大多数的风险和吸收了主要的报酬。
2、2007爆发的全球金融危机触发了投资人要求上市公司对其使用的大量表外业务和各类复杂资产证券化业务进行更为透明的计量和披露。
三、重要概念1、 新控制概念:1-1 能够掌控被投资方的权力;1-2 通过涉入被投资方经营活动,有权接受其可变利益;1-3 具备掌控被投资方能力从而可以影响其利益的金额。
说明:IFRS 10通过识别控制概念,以控制作为合并的基础来识别某公司是否应将某个主体纳入其合并财报之中。
2、 权力和收益的关联投资方不但拥有掌控被投资方的权力,通过涉入被投资方经营活动,有权接受其可变利益,而且具备掌控被投资方经营活动的能力从而可以影响其利益的金额。
说明,通过以上权力和收益的关联,IFRS 10明确了代理人(agent)尽管拥有拥有掌控被投资方的权力,但因其不具备有权接受其可变利益,因此不符合控制概念。
3、 Substantive rights(实质性权利)只有不受外界因素如:经济或其他原因左右的权利才是投资方所拥有的实质性权利。
IFRS_10[1]
IFRS合并五项准则学习笔记之一《IFRS 10 合并财务报表》2011年12月目录背景 (1)合并(Consolidation)项目 (1)合并和披露 (1)投资主体 (2)合营(Joint ventures)项目 (2)IFRS 10 合并财务报表 (3)引言 (3)目标 (3)目标的实现 (3)范围 (3)结论基础 (4)控制 (4)结论基础 (5)应用指引 (6)评价控制 (6)被投资方的目标和规划 (6)权力 (6)结论基础 (7)权力 (7)相关活动 (8)应用指引 (8)权力 (8)回报 (9)结论基础 (10)应用指引 (10)承担,或有权享有可变回报 (10)权力和回报的联系 (10)会计处理要求 (10)应用指引 (11)合并程序 (11)统一会计政策 (11)计量 (11)潜在表决权 (11)报告日 (11)非控制性权益 (11)应用指引 (12)丧失控制权 (12)应用指引 (12)IFRS 合并相关五项准则学习笔记之一 《IFRS 10 合并财务报表》国境以南(henry204618)2011年12月背景2011年5月,IASB 发布了合并相关的3项新准则和2项修订准则,其中,3项新准则是:《IFRS 10 合并财务报表》(IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements ),它将替代现行的《IAS 27 合并和单独财务报表》[IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements ,下称IAS 27(2008)]和《SIC 12 合并——特殊目的主体》(SIC-12 Consolidation — Special Purpose Entities );《IFRS 11 合营安排》(IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements ),它将取代现行的《IAS 31 合营中的权益》[IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures ,下称IAS 31(2005)]和《SIC 13 共同控制主体——合营方得非货币性捐赠》(SIC-13—Jointly Controlled Entities –Non-monetary Contributions by Venturers );《IFRS 12 其他主体中权益的披露》(IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities ),它规范了子公司、合营安排、联营和非合并范围内主体(unconsolidated structured entities )的披露要求。
新会计准则的十个变化
新会计准则的十个变化新会计准则(新准则)是指国际财务报告准则(IFRS)在过去几年中出台的一系列更新和修订。
这些新准则对财务报表的编制和披露方式进行了重大变革,对会计规则、计量方法和财务报表展示等方面都提出了新的要求。
以下将介绍新会计准则的十个主要变化。
1.收入认证准则的变化新准则将收入的认证处理方式从“完成度”改为“履约过程”。
传统准则将收入视为交易的数字结果,然而新准则认识到收入是交易的过程,要求企业根据履约过程和利益转移来确认收入。
2.租赁准则的变化新准则要求企业将租赁协议中涉及到的所有租赁资产和租赁负债都在资产负债表上进行披露,以提高租赁协议的透明度。
3.金融工具计量和分类的变化新准则调整了对金融工具的计量和分类规则,更加注重工具的本质特征和商务实质,使财务报表更具公允价值和市场导向性。
4.长期合同的变化新准则要求企业对长期合同进行更加详细的披露,包括对合同和风险管理措施的解释。
5.减值测试的变化新准则对减值测试的要求更加详细,强调减值测试时需要结合市场情况和风险因素进行综合评估。
6.金融参与权益的变化新准则引入了金融参与权益的概念,要求企业对金融资本的规模和结构进行更详尽的披露。
7.业务组合的变化新准则要求企业在发生业务组合时,必须将该组合中的所有资产、负债、收入和费用进行全面披露,并对此进行相应的说明和解释。
8.退休福利的变化新准则对企业的退休福利计划进行了修订,要求企业根据公允价值计量退休福利负债,以提高福利计划的透明度和可比性。
9.关联方交易的变化新准则要求企业对与关联方的交易进行更加详细的披露,并强调企业在与关联方进行交易时应遵守公允交易原则。
10.运营流动资本的变化新准则要求企业对运营流动资本的管理进行更加严格的监督,并提供相应的披露和解释,以提高财务报表的可靠性和透明度。
总的来说,新准则的推出将提高财务报表的质量和可比性,为企业和投资者提供更准确、更全面的信息,增强市场的信心和透明度。
IFRS10合并财务报表准则中关于控制的三个要素浅析
IFRS10合并财务报表准则中关于控制的三个要素浅析作者:乐正颖来源:《中国乡镇企业会计》 2013年第11期乐正颖摘要:本文针对国际财务报告准则第10号合并财务报表准则中关于控制的三个要素,结合实际应用中的经验进行初步探讨,并提出对合并财务报表披露的一点思考。
关键词:合并范围;控制;权力;可变回报;回报金额引言合并财务报表所呈报的内容是否完整和可靠,受到合并范围的直接影响,因此,确定合并财务报表的编制范围既是一直以来合并财务报表理论的难点之一,也是很大程度上影响着其所呈报的信息对于投资者,管理层及各相关方有用性的一个重要问题。
2011年5月,国际会计准则理事会推出了一系列财务报告准则,包括3项新准则,2项现有准则的修订,一共5项,均自2013年1月1日或以后日期开始的年度期间开始生效,其中一项就是《国际财务报告准则第10号—合并财务报表》(IFRS10)。
IFRS10将“控制”进行了新的定义,使其成为合并的单一基础,更便于会计人员判断合并财务报表的合并范围。
一、控制的三个要素浅析根据IFRS10规定:“如果投资者对源自其所投资的实体的可变回报有敞口或权利,并且有能力通过其对被投资方的权力影响这些回报,那么该投资方控制该被投资方”。
由此,界定了控制的3个要素:对被投资方的权力,对源自投资方可变回报的敞口或权利,以及使用权力影响投资者回报金额的能力。
(一)对被投资者的权力所谓“权力”,根据准则的解释,即是当投资者拥有的权利使其目前有主导被投资者相关活动的权力时,投资者拥有对被投资者的权力。
因此,首先要理解何为相关活动,准则并没有明确列示相关活动的具体内容,只是举了些例子,而在实际操作中,由于不同行业涉及的“相关活动”各有差异,因此,会计人员还是要注意区分各种相关事实和情况后进行判断。
只要是对主体回报有重大影响的决策,比如年度计划批准,关键管理人员委任及薪酬确定,战略投资方向等等都属于主体的相关活动范畴。
IFRS10合并财务报表-投资性主体分析
IFRS10 合并财务报表——投资性主体相关内容1 信永中和天津金融团队目录概述 (4)一、投资性主体的判定 (6)(一)投资性主体的3个标准 (6)(二)3个标准——经营目的 (6)1、主体唯一的经营目的是为了获取资本增值或投资收益 (6)2、能够表明主体投资目标的文件 (7)3、投资性主体可以直接或通过子公司提供“投资相关服务” (8)4、投资性主体向被投资方提供的服务 (8)5、退出策略 (9)(三)3个标准——投资收益 (11)1、如果主体或其关联方能从投资中获得“其他利益” (11)(四)3个标准——公允价值计量 (12)1、以公允价值为基础计量和评价投资业绩 (12)2、内部和外部评估,都将公允价值作为业绩表现的主要计量属性 (13)示例1 (14)示例2 (15)二、投资性主体的典型特征 (17)(一)投资性主体具有4个典型特征 (17)(二)典型特征—多项投资 (18)1、通常会持有多项投资 (18)2 信永中和天津金融团队2、有时也可能持有单项投资 (18)(三)典型特征—多个投资方 (19)1、通常拥有多个投资方 (19)2、有时也会暂时只有一个投资方 (19)(四)典型特征—非关联的投资方 (19)1、通常拥有若干个不是关联方的投资方 (19)2、也可以存在有关联关系的投资方 (20)(五)典型特征—所有者权益 (20)1、通常(但并不一定必须)是一个单独的法律实体 (20)2、所有者权益通常采取股权或者类似权益的形式 (20)(六)缺少部分典型特征时的判断 (21)示例3 (21)(七)投资性主体的披露 (23)示例4 (23)三、投资性主体:合并豁免 (25)(一)投资性主体是否合并下属的子公司? (25)四、投资性主体转换的会计处理 (27)(一)对主体的重新评估 (27)(二)状态转变的会计处理 (27)1、主体不再是投资性主体时 (27)2、主体转变为投资性主体时 (28)3 信永中和天津金融团队概述投资性主体必须满足3个标准如果要将一个主体判断为“投资性主体”,则其必须满足3个标准。
国际财务报告准则实务指南-针对资产管理人的IFRS 10
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其他方拥有的权利
7
薪酬
13
面临的报酬的风险
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进一步考虑的因素
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考虑所有的要素
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联系人
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国际财务报告准则实务指南 — 针对资产管理人的IFRS 10 2
控制的原则
IFRS 10确立控制作为合并的基础。这要求投资方评估是否能够控制其拥有权益的所有主体,无论该主 体的性质或者投资方对被投资方参与的性质如何。
本出版物为资产管理人解读IFRS 10以确定是否存 在控制,特别是评估是委托人还是代理人时,设立 了可供使用的框架。同时,它也包含了我们对IFRS 10中示例的分析,以及我们认为实务中可能有用的 其他考虑因素。普华永道也已经制作了针对I F R S 1 0 的实务指南“合并财务报 表—控制的重 新定 义”。
当资产管理人开始管理一只已经存在的基金时(如通过基金管理合同或者通过收购而成为管理人), 该资产管理人可能较少的参与到基金设立的目的和设计的过程中。这本身并不足以说明资产管理人不 拥有权力。
有些基金是由单一投资者设立的。单一投资者在基金的设计中可能进行了重大的投入。
示例 资产管理人广泛的参与了基金结构和投资目标的设计过程,这可能表明该管理人有机会和诱因 获得使其能够主导相关活动的权利。但是,资产管理人初期参与基金设立的目的和设计本身并不 足以赋予其对基金的权力。 [IFRS 10第B51段]。
ifrs10国际财务报告准则10
IFRS 10 International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial StatementsIn April 2001 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopted IAS 27 Consolidated Financial Statements and Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries, which had originally been issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee in April 1989. IAS 27 replaced most of IAS 3 Consolidated Financial Statements (issued in June 1976).In December 2003, the IASB amended and renamed IAS 27 with a new title—Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. The amended IAS 27 also incorporated the guidance contained in two related Interpretations (SIC-12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities and SIC-33 Consolidation and Equity Method—Potential Voting Rights and Allocation of Ownership Interests).In June 2008, the IASB amended IAS 27. This amendment, which related to accounting for non-controlling interests and the loss of control of subsidiaries, was done in conjunction with amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations.In May 2011 the IASB issued IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements to replace IAS 27. IFRS12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities, also issued in May 2011,replaced the disclosure requirements in IAS 27. IFRS 10 incorporates the guidance contained in two related Interpretations (SIC-12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities and SIC-33 Consolidation).© IFRS Foundation A369IFRS 10C ONTENTSfrom paragraph INTRODUCTION IN1–IN12 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD 10 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSOBJECTIVE1 Meeting the objective2 SCOPE4 CONTROL5 Power10 Returns15 Link between power and returns17 ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS19 Non-controlling interests22 Loss of control25 APPENDICESA Defined termsB Application guidanceAssessing control B2Purpose and design of an investee B5 Power B9 Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from an investee B55 Link between power and returns B58 Relationship with other parties B73 Control of specified assets B76 Continuous assessment B80 Accounting requirements B86 Consolidation procedures B86 Uniform accounting policies B87 Measurement B88 Potential voting rights B89 Reporting date B92 Loss of control B97C Effective date and transitionD Amendments to other IFRSsA370© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10FOR THE ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS LISTED BELOW, SEE PART B OF THIS EDITION APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF IFRS 10 ISSUED IN MAY 2011BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONSAPPENDIXPrevious Board approvals and dissenting opinionsAPPENDIXAmendments to the Basis for Conclusions on other IFRSsAMENDMENTS TO THE GUIDANCE ON OTHER IFRSs© IFRS Foundation A371IFRS 10International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10) is set out in paragraphs 1–26 and Appendices A–D. All the paragraphs have equal authority. Paragraphs in bold type state the main principles. Terms defined in Appendix A are in italics the first time they appear in the Standard. Definitions of other terms are given in the Glossary for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS 10 should be read in the context of its objective and the Basis for Conclusions, the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors provides a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance.A372© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 IntroductionIN1IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements establishes principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities.IN2The IFRS supersedes IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC-12 Consolidation—Special Purpose Entities and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Earlier application is permitted.Reasons for issuing the IFRSIN3The Board added a project on consolidation to its agenda to deal with divergence in practice in applying IAS 27 and SIC-12. For example, entities varied in their application of the control concept in circumstances in which a reporting entity controls another entity but holds less than a majority of the voting rights of the entity, and in circumstances involving agency relationships.IN4In addition, a perceived conflict of emphasis between IAS 27 and SIC-12 had led to inconsistent application of the concept of control. IAS 27 required the consolidation of entities that are controlled by a reporting entity, and it defined control as the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. SIC-12, which interpreted the requirements of IAS 27 in the context of special purpose entities, placed greater emphasis on risks and rewards.IN5The global financial crisis that started in 2007 highlighted the lack of transparency about the risks to which investors were exposed from their involvement with ‘off balance sheet vehicles’ (such as securitisation vehicles), including those that they had set up or sponsored. As a result, the G20 leaders, the Financial Stability Board and others asked the Board to review the accounting and disclosure requirements for such ‘off balance sheet vehicles’.Main features of the IFRSIN6The IFRS requires an entity that is a parent to present consolidated financial statements. A limited exemption is available to some entities.General requirementsIN7The IFRS defines the principle of control and establishes control as the basis for determining which entities are consolidated in the consolidated financial statements. The IFRS also sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidated financial statements.IN8An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee; Thus, the principle of control sets out the following three elements of control:© IFRS Foundation A373IFRS 10(a)power over the investee;(b)exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the investee;and(c)the ability to use power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns.IN9The IFRS sets out requirements on how to apply the control principle:(a)in circumstances when voting rights or similar rights give an investorpower, including situations where the investor holds less than a majorityof voting rights and in circumstances involving potential voting rights.(b)in circumstances when an investee is designed so that voting rights are notthe dominant factor in deciding who controls the investee, such as whenany voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevantactivities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.(c)in circumstances involving agency relationships.(d)in circumstances when the investor has control over specified assets of aninvestee.IN10The IFRS requires an investor to reassess whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control.IN11When preparing consolidated financial statements, an entity must use uniform accounting policies for reporting like transactions and other events in similar circumstances. Intragroup balances and transactions must be eliminated.Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries must be presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent.IN12The disclosure requirements for interests in subsidiaries are specified in IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities.A374© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial StatementsObjective1The objective of this IFRS is to establish principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities.Meeting the objective2To meet the objective in paragraph 1, this IFRS:(a)requires an entity (the parent) that controls one or more other entities(subsidiaries) to present consolidated financial statements;(b)defines the principle of control, and establishes control as the basis forconsolidation;(c)sets out how to apply the principle of control to identify whether aninvestor controls an investee and therefore must consolidate the investee;and(d)sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidatedfinancial statements.3This IFRS does not deal with the accounting requirements for business combinations and their effect on consolidation, including goodwill arising on a business combination (see IFRS 3 Business Combinations).Scope4An entity that is a parent shall present consolidated financial statements. This IFRS applies to all entities, except as follows:(a) a parent need not present consolidated financial statements if it meets allthe following conditions:(i)it is a wholly-owned subsidiary or is a partially-owned subsidiary ofanother entity and all its other owners, including those not otherwiseentitled to vote, have been informed about, and do not object to, theparent not presenting consolidated financial statements;(ii)its debt or equity instruments are not traded in a public market(a domestic or foreign stock exchange or an over-the-counter market,including local and regional markets);(iii)it did not file, nor is it in the process of filing, its financial statements with a securities commission or other regulatory organisation for thepurpose of issuing any class of instruments in a public market; and© IFRS Foundation A375IFRS 10(iv)its ultimate or any intermediate parent produces consolidated financial statements that are available for public use and complywith IFRSs.(b)post-employment benefit plans or other long-term employee benefit plansto which IAS 19 Employee Benefits applies.Control5An in vestor, regardless of the n ature of its in volvemen t with an en tity (the in vestee), shall determin e whether it is a parent by assessing whether it controls the investee.6An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.7Thus, an investor controls an investee if and only if the investor has all the following:(a)power over the investee (see paragraphs 10–14);(b)exposure, or rights, to variable return s from its in volvemen t with theinvestee (see paragraphs 15 and 16); and(c)the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns (see paragraphs 17 and 18).8An investor shall consider all facts and circumstances when assessing whether it controls an investee. The investor shall reassess whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed in paragraph 7 (see paragraphs B80–B85).9Two or more investors collectively control an investee when they must act together to direct the relevant activities. In such cases, because no investor can direct the activities without the co-operation of the others, no investor individually controls the investee. Each investor would account for its interest in the investee in accordance with the relevant IFRSs, such as IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures or IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.Power10An investor has power over an investee when the investor has existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities, ie the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns.11Power arises from rights. Sometimes assessing power is straightforward, such as when power over an investee is obtained directly and solely from the voting rights granted by equity instruments such as shares, and can be assessed by considering the voting rights from those shareholdings. In other cases, the assessment will be more complex and require more than one factor to be considered, for example when power results from one or more contractual arrangements.A376© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 12An investor with the current ability to direct the relevant activities has power even if its rights to direct have yet to be exercised. Evidence that the investor has been directing relevant activities can help determine whether the investor has power, but such evidence is not, in itself, conclusive in determining whether the investor has power over an investee.13If two or more investors each have existing rights that give them the unilateral ability to direct different relevant activities, the investor that has the current ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the returns of the investee has power over the investee.14An investor can have power over an investee even if other entities have existing rights that give them the current ability to participate in the direction of the relevant activities, for example when another entity has sig nificant influence.However, an investor that holds only protective rights does not have power over an investee (see paragraphs B26–B28), and consequently does not control the investee.Returns15An investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee when the investor’s returns from its involvement have the potential to vary as a result of the investee’s performance. The investor’s returns can be only positive, only negative or both positive and negative.16Although only one investor can control an investee, more than one party can share in the returns of an investee. For example, holders of non-controlling interests can share in the profits or distributions of an investee.Link between power and returns17An investor controls an investee if the investor not only has power over the investee and exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, but also has the ability to use its power to affect the investor’s returns from its involvement with the investee.18Thus, an investor with decision-making rights shall determine whether it is a principal or an agent. An investor that is an agent in accordance with paragraphs B58–B72 does not control an investee when it exercises decision-making rights delegated to it.Accounting requirements19 A paren t shall prepare con solidated fin an cial statemen ts usin g un iformaccou ti g policies for like tra sactio s a d other eve ts i similar circumstances.20Consolidation of an investee shall begin from the date the investor obtains control of the investee and cease when the investor loses control of the investee. 21Paragraphs B86–B93 set out guidance for the preparation of consolidated financial statements.© IFRS Foundation A377IFRS 10Non-controlling interests22 A parent shall present non-controlling interests in the consolidated statement offinancial position within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent.23Changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the parent losing control of the subsidiary are equity transactions (ie transactions with owners in their capacity as owners).24Paragraphs B94–B96 set out guidance for the accounting for non-controlling interests in consolidated financial statements.Loss of control25If a parent loses control of a subsidiary, the parent:(a)derecognises the assets and liabilities of the former subsidiary from theconsolidated statement of financial position.(b)recognises any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fairvalue when control is lost and subsequently accounts for it and for anyamounts owed by or to the former subsidiary in accordance with relevantIFRSs. That fair value shall be regarded as the fair value on initialrecognition of a financial asset in accordance with IFRS 9 or, whenappropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associateor joint venture.(c)recognises the gain or loss associated with the loss of control attributableto the former controlling interest.26Paragraphs B97–B99 set out guidance for the accounting for the loss of control. A378© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10© IFRS Foundation A379Appendix ADefined termsThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.The following terms are defined in IFRS 11, IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities ,IAS 28 (as amended in 2011) or IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures and are used in this IFRS with the meanings specified in those IFRSs:•associate •interest in another entity •joint venture •key management personnel •related party •significant influence.consolidated financial statements The financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities,equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent and itssubsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity.control of aninvestee An investor controls an investee when the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee andhas the ability to affect those returns through its power over theinvestee.decision maker An entity with decision-making rights that is either a principal or anagent for other parties.group A parent and its subsidiaries .non-controlling interest Equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to aparent .parent An entity that controls one or more entities.power Existing rights that give the current ability to direct the relevantactivities .protective rights Rights designed to protect the interest of the party holding thoserights without giving that party power over the entity to whichthose rights relate.relevant activities For the purpose of this IFRS, relevant activities are activities of theinvestee that significantly affect the investee’s returns.removal rights Rights to deprive the decision maker of its decision-makingauthority.subsidiaryAn entity that is controlled by another entity.IFRS 10Appendix BApplication guidanceThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS. It describes the application of paragraphs 1–26 and has the same authority as the other parts of the IFRS.B1The examples in this appendix portray hypothetical situations. Although some aspects of the examples may be present in actual fact patterns, all facts and circumstances of a particular fact pattern would need to be evaluated when applying IFRS 10.Assessing controlB2To determine whether it controls an investee an investor shall assess whether it has all the following:(a)power over the investee;(b)exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with theinvestee; and(c)the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns.B3Consideration of the following factors may assist in making that determination:(a)the purpose and design of the investee (see paragraphs B5–B8);(b)what the relevant activities are and how decisions about those activities aremade (see paragraphs B11–B13);(c)whether the rights of the investor give it the current ability to direct therelevant activities (see paragraphs B14–B54);(d)whether the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from itsinvolvement with the investee (see paragraphs B55–B57); and(e)whether the investor has the ability to use its power over the investee toaffect the amount of the investor’s returns (see paragraphs B58–B72).B4When assessing control of an investee, an investor shall consider the nature of its relationship with other parties (see paragraphs B73–B75).Purpose and design of an investeeB5When assessing control of an investee, an investor shall consider the purpose and design of the investee in order to identify the relevant activities, how decisions about the relevant activities are made, who has the current ability to direct those activities and who receives returns from those activities.B6When an investee’s purpose and design are considered, it may be clear that an investee is controlled by means of equity instruments that give the holder proportionate voting rights, such as ordinary shares in the investee. In this case, in the absence of any additional arrangements that alter decision-making, the A380© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 assessment of control focuses on which party, if any, is able to exercise voting rights sufficient to determine the investee’s operating and financing policies (see paragraphs B34–B50). In the most straightforward case, the investor that holds a majority of those voting rights, in the absence of any other factors, controls the investee.B7To determine whether an investor controls an investee in more complex cases, it may be necessary to consider some or all of the other factors in paragraph B3.B8An investee may be designed so that voting rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the investee, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. In such cases, an investor’s consideration of the purpose and design of the investee shall also include consideration of the risks to which the investee was designed to be exposed, the risks it was designed to pass on to the parties involved with the investee and whether the investor is exposed to some or all of those risks. Consideration of the risks includes not only the downside risk, but also the potential for upside.PowerB9To have power over an investee, an investor must have existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities. For the purpose of assessing power, only substantive rights and rights that are not protective shall be considered (see paragraphs B22–B28).B10The determination about whether an investor has power depends on the relevant activities, the way decisions about the relevant activities are made and the rights the investor and other parties have in relation to the investee.Relevant activities and direction of relevant activitiesB11For many investees, a range of operating and financing activities significantly affect their returns. Examples of activities that, depending on the circumstances, can be relevant activities include, but are not limited to:(a)selling and purchasing of goods or services;(b)managing financial assets during their life (including upon default);(c)selecting, acquiring or disposing of assets;(d)researching and developing new products or processes; and(e)determining a funding structure or obtaining funding.B12Examples of decisions about relevant activities include but are not limited to:(a)establishing operating and capital decisions of the investee, includingbudgets; and(b)appointing and remunerating an investee’s key management personnel orservice providers and terminating their services or employment.© IFRS Foundation A381IFRS 10B13In some situations, activities both before and after a particular set of circumstances arises or event occurs may be relevant activities. When two or more investors have the current ability to direct relevant activities and those activities occur at different times, the investors shall determine which investor is able to direct the activities that most significantly affect those returns consistently with the treatment of concurrent decision-making rights (see paragraph 13). The investors shall reconsider this assessment over time if relevant facts or circumstances change.Application examplesExample 1Two investors form an investee to develop and market a medical product.One investor is responsible for developing and obtaining regulatory approval ofthe medical product—that responsibility includes having the unilateral abilityto make all decisions relating to the development of the product and toobtaining regulatory approval. Once the regulator has approved the product,the other investor will manufacture and market it—this investor has theunilateral ability to make all decisions about the manufacture and marketingof the project. If all the activities—developing and obtaining regulatoryapproval as well as manufacturing and marketing of the medical product—arerelevant activities, each investor needs to determine whether it is able to directthe activities that most significantly affect the investee’s returns. Accordingly,each investor needs to consider whether developing and obtaining regulatoryapproval or the manufacturing and marketing of the medical product is theactivity that most significantly affects the investee’s returns and whether it isable to direct that activity. In determining which investor has power, theinvestors would consider:(a)the purpose and design of the investee;(b)the factors that determine the profit margin, revenue and value of theinvestee as well as the value of the medical product;(c)the effect on the investee’s returns resulting from each investor’sdecision-making authority with respect to the factors in (b); and(d)the investors’ exposure to variability of returns.In this particular example, the investors would also consider:(e)the uncertainty of, and effort required in, obtaining regulatory approval(considering the investor’s record of successfully developing andobtaining regulatory approval of medical products); and(f)which investor controls the medical product once the development phaseis successful.continued... A382© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 ...continuedApplication examplesExample 2An investment vehicle (the investee) is created and financed with a debtinstrument held by an investor (the debt investor) and equity instruments heldby a number of other investors. The equity tranche is designed to absorb thefirst losses and to receive any residual return from the investee. One of theequity investors who holds 30 per cent of the equity is also the asset manager.The investee uses its proceeds to purchase a portfolio of financial assets,exposing the investee to the credit risk associated with the possible default ofprincipal and interest payments of the assets. The transaction is marketed tothe debt investor as an investment with minimal exposure to the credit riskassociated with the possible default of the assets in the portfolio because of thenature of these assets and because the equity tranche is designed to absorbthe first losses of the investee. The returns of the investee are significantlyaffected by the management of the investee’s asset portfolio, which includesdecisions about the selection, acquisition and disposal of the assets withinportfolio guidelines and the management upon default of any portfolio assets.All those activities are managed by the asset manager until defaults reach aspecified proportion of the portfolio value (ie when the value of the portfolio issuch that the equity tranche of the investee has been consumed). From thattime, a third-party trustee manages the assets according to the instructions ofthe debt investor. Managing the investee’s asset portfolio is the relevantactivity of the investee. The asset manager has the ability to direct the relevantactivities until defaulted assets reach the specified proportion of the portfoliovalue; the debt investor has the ability to direct the relevant activities when thevalue of defaulted assets surpasses that specified proportion of the portfoliovalue. The asset manager and the debt investor each need to determinewhether they are able to direct the activities that most significantly affect theinvestee’s returns, including considering the purpose and design of the investeeas well as each party’s exposure to variability of returns.Rights that give an investor power over an investeeB14Power arises from rights. To have power over an investee, an investor must have existing rights that give the investor the current ability to direct the relevant activities. The rights that may give an investor power can differ between investees.B15Examples of rights that, either individually or in combination, can give an investor power include but are not limited to:(a)rights in the form of voting rights (or potential voting rights) of an investee(see paragraphs B34–B50);(b)rights to appoint, reassign or remove members of an investee’s keymanagement personnel who have the ability to direct the relevantactivities;(c)rights to appoint or remove another entity that directs the relevantactivities;© IFRS Foundation A383。
国际财务报告准则(IFRS)解读
国际财务报告准则(IFRS)解读国际财务报告准则(IFRS)是全球范围内适用的会计准则,其目的在于提供一套统一的财务报告准则,以便各国公司能够在报告财务状况和业绩时使用相同的语言和规范。
本文将对IFRS进行解读,探讨其重要性、应用范围和主要原则,以及其对企业和全球经济的影响。
一、IFRS的重要性IFRS的重要性在于其统一性和比较性。
统一性指的是通过IFRS,全球范围内的企业可以采用相同的会计准则编制财务报告,这样可以实现不同企业之间的财务比较和对比。
比较性指的是IFRS能够帮助不同国家之间的投资者和债权人更好地理解和分析企业的财务状况和业绩,增强了全球资本市场的透明度和有效性。
二、IFRS的应用范围和主要原则IFRS适用于全球范围内的上市公司、金融机构和其他选择采用国际会计准则的企业。
其主要原则包括公允价值、连续经营、会计政策的选择和变更、资产负债表和利润表的展示和说明、经营综合收益、现金流量表等。
各项原则旨在确保企业财务报告的真实、准确和可比性。
三、IFRS对企业的影响IFRS的实施对企业有利也有弊。
在利方面,IFRS可以帮助企业提升财务报告的透明度,增强投资者和债权人对企业的信任,吸引更多的投资和资金。
此外,IFRS还能够促进跨国公司之间的财务信息共享和筹资活动。
然而,IFRS的实施也带来了一些挑战和成本。
由于IFRS的要求更加严格和复杂,企业需要投入更多的资源和人力来适应和遵守这一会计准则。
此外,对于一些国家和地区来说,采用IFRS可能需要调整其现有的会计制度和相关法律法规,这也需要付出一定的成本。
四、IFRS对全球经济的影响IFRS的逐步推广对全球经济具有重要意义。
通过统一的财务报告准则,全球范围内的投资者可以更加准确地评估各国企业的财务状况和业绩,从而更好地进行投资决策。
此外,IFRS也促进了全球企业间的经济合作和资本流动,加强了各国之间的经济关系。
然而,IFRS的推广也暴露出一些问题。
国际财务报告准则10号与企业会计准则
国际财务报告准则10号与企业会计准则下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by the editor. I hope that after you download them, they can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types of practical materials, suchas educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!国际财务报告准则10号与企业会计准则1. 介绍国际财务报告准则10号(IFRS 10)以及企业会计准则在企业财务报告中起着至关重要的作用。
国际财务报告准则
国际财务报告准则国际财务报告准则(International Financial Reporting Standards,IFRS)是一套国际通用的财务报告准则,旨在统一和提高世界范围内企业财务报告的质量和可比性。
IFRS被广泛采用,并被认可为全球金融报告的标准。
IFRS的主要目标是确保财务报告的透明度、一致性和可比性。
它提供了指导企业处理会计事务的准则,以便于投资者、债权人和其他利益相关者能够正确理解和评估企业的财务状况和经营绩效。
IFRS的核心原则包括公允价值计量、持续经营假设、资产负债表方程的基础(即资产=负债+所有者权益),以及财务报表的重要性等。
公允价值计量要求企业根据市场价格或市场可观察数据来评估和报告其资产和负债的价值。
持续经营假设则认为企业将在可预见的未来进行经营活动,并且没有迫使企业终止经营的理由。
IFRS对财务报表的要求非常详细,包括要求披露关键信息和重大会计政策,确保报表的真实和公正。
财务报表必须包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表和权益变动表。
此外,IFRS还要求企业披露附注和重要的会计政策、判断和估计。
为了确保IFRS的正确应用和解释,国际财务报告准则委员会(International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation,IFRSF)负责制定和发布IFRS,并监督IFRS的实施。
IFRSF是一个独立的机构,由国际财务报告准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board,IASB)管理。
IFRS的采用在世界范围内不断增加,许多国家和地区已经或正在进行过渡,以适应国际财务报告准则。
这有助于提高企业间的比较性,加强跨境投资者的信心,促进全球资本市场的稳定。
总之,国际财务报告准则是一套重要的标准,对于全球企业的财务报告具有指导意义。
IFRS的采用有助于提高财务报告的可比性和透明度,促进国际金融市场的发展和稳定。
深入了解 IFRS 准则下的合并财务报表
深入了解 IFRS 准则下的合并财务报表IFRS(国际财务报告准则)是国际上广泛采用的财务报告准则,其目的是为了提供高质量的、可比较的财务信息,使投资者和其他利益相关方能够更好地了解企业的财务状况和业绩。
其中,IFRS 10 准则讨论了合并财务报表的编制要求,本文将深入探讨 IFRS 准则下的合并财务报表。
一、引言在全球化的背景下,跨国企业的合并和收购越来越普遍,因此,合并财务报表的编制变得至关重要。
IFRS 10 准则提供了适用于全球企业的统一标准,以确保合并财务报表的透明度和一致性。
二、IFRS 10 准则的适用范围IFRS 10 准则适用于主体企业控制下的子企业,主体企业是指能够对子企业进行控制的实体。
其中,控制的定义是主体企业有权获得相关收益,并能够主导子企业的经营决策。
三、合并财务报表的编制要求根据IFRS 10准则,对于控制下的子企业,主体企业需要将其资产、负债、收入、费用和现金流量等项目纳入合并财务报表。
这样一来,合并财务报表能够全面反映整个集团的财务状况和业绩。
四、非同一控制企业对合并财务报表的影响IFRS 10准则还提供了非同一控制企业(没有对主体企业进行控制的企业)对合并财务报表进行处理的规定。
对于非同一控制企业的投资,主体企业需要按照权益法或成本法进行处理,并在合并财务报表中披露相关信息。
五、合并财务报表的编制过程为了编制合并财务报表,主体企业需要进行以下步骤:1. 确定控制关系:主体企业需要评估其对子企业的控制程度,以确定哪些企业应被纳入合并财务报表。
2. 采用统一会计政策:主体企业和子企业应采用相同的会计政策,以确保合并财务报表的一致性。
3. 消除内部交易:主体企业需要消除合并范围内的内部交易和内部利润,以避免对合并财务报表的歪曲。
4. 重新评估已获得的权益:主体企业应重新评估其已获得的权益,以确保其公允价值得到正确反映。
5. 编制合并财务报表:主体企业根据上述步骤,编制适当的合并财务报表,并按照IFRS的规定进行披露。
国际财务报告准则(IFRS)解读
国际财务报告准则(IFRS)解读国际财务报告准则(International Financial Reporting Standards,简称IFRS)是一套由国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board,简称IASB)制定的全球性会计准则。
IFRS的目的是为全球范围内的企业提供一套统一的财务报告准则,以确保财务信息的准确和可比性。
本文将对IFRS的主要内容进行解读。
一、背景介绍IFRS的制定目的是为了解决全球化经济中不同国家、地区之间财务报告准则的差异问题。
在过去,由于各个国家和地区采用的会计准则不同,导致跨国企业在编制财务报表时面临许多困扰,同时也限制了全球范围内财务信息的比较和分析。
IFRS的推出旨在促进全球范围内的财务报告的准确和可比性。
二、IFRS的特点1. 高度准确性:IFRS要求财务报表反映企业的真实经济状况和财务业绩。
通过规范的会计政策和核算方法,能够提供更准确的财务信息。
2. 完整性和全面性:IFRS要求企业提供全面和完整的财务信息,包括企业的资产、负债、权益、损益等方面。
这有助于投资者和利益相关者全面了解企业的财务状况和经营绩效。
3. 可比性:IFRS的制定遵循一定的规范和原则,以确保不同企业、行业之间的财务信息能够进行比较和分析,提高资金配置效率和资源配置效率。
4. 前瞻性:IFRS不仅仅关注企业的历史数据,还对未来可能发生的事项进行了规定和要求。
通过这种方式,投资者和利益相关者可以更好地了解企业的发展前景和风险。
三、IFRS的适用范围IFRS适用于所有上市公司、银行、保险公司以及其他一些制定适用IFRS的企业。
在全球范围内,越来越多的国家和地区采用IFRS作为其会计准则,加强了财务信息的比较和分析。
四、IFRS的应用步骤1. 初次应用:企业首次采用IFRS时,需要进行初次应用。
这一过程通常包括对会计政策的调整,调整过程需要遵循IFRS相关的规定和要求。
ifrs国际会计准则
ifrs国际会计准则【原创版】目录1.IFRS 国际会计准则简介2.IFRS 的发展历程3.IFRS 在我国的应用和影响4.IFRS 的优势和挑战5.总结正文【IFRS 国际会计准则简介】IFRS,全称为 International Financial Reporting Standards,即国际财务报告准则。
IFRS 是由国际会计准则理事会(IASB)制定的,旨在为全球企业提供一套统一、可比较的财务报告规范。
遵循 IFRS 有助于提高企业财务报告的透明度,为投资者、债权人、管理层等利益相关者提供可靠的决策依据。
【IFRS 的发展历程】IFRS 的发展可以追溯到 1973 年,当时国际会计准则委员会(IASC)成立,开始制定国际会计准则。
2001 年,IASC 改组为 IASB,并继续推进 IFRS 的制定和推广工作。
经过几十年的发展,IFRS 已成为全球范围内最为广泛接受的财务报告准则。
目前,全球已有 150 多个国家和地区采用 IFRS,其中包括欧盟、澳大利亚、加拿大等发达国家和地区。
【IFRS 在我国的应用和影响】我国自 2007 年开始允许在境外上市的企业采用 IFRS,并在 2010 年对境内企业推行 IFRS。
根据我的训练数据显示,我国 A 股上市公司已基本全面实施 IFRS。
IFRS 在我国的应用,有助于提高我国企业的财务报告质量,与国际财务报告标准接轨,吸引外资进入我国资本市场,提升我国资本市场的国际地位。
【IFRS 的优势和挑战】IFRS 的优势主要体现在:提高财务报告的可比性,有助于投资者在全球范围内进行投资决策;推动企业提高财务报告质量,增强透明度;促进全球资本市场一体化。
然而,IFRS 也面临一些挑战,如制定过程较为复杂,需要协调各方利益;实施成本较高,对企业及监管部门提出较高要求;不同国家和地区的税收政策和法规差异,可能导致 IFRS 的实际执行效果存在差异。
【总结】IFRS 作为全球范围内广泛接受的财务报告准则,有助于提高企业财务报告的透明度,为利益相关者提供可靠的决策依据。
IFRS国际财务报告准则
IFRS国际财务报告准则IFRS是指国际财务报告准则(International Financial Reporting Standards),是全球范围内应用最广泛的财务报告准则。
本文将从IFRS的背景和概述、主要准则、应用范围和重要性等方面进行探讨,旨在为读者提供对IFRS的了解和应用指导。
一、IFRS的背景和概述IFRS是由国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board,IASB)制定和发布的一套财务报告准则。
IASB是一个独立的会计准则制定机构,致力于促进全球范围内的财务报告准则的统一和标准化。
IFRS旨在提高财务报告的可比性、透明度和可理解性,为全球投资者和利益相关者提供准确、可靠的财务信息。
二、主要准则1.财务报告的目标和基本原则IFRS规定了财务报告的目标是提供有关企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的信息,以满足利益相关者的需要。
基本原则包括真实性、公允性、连贯性和谨慎性等。
2.资产、负债和所有者权益准则IFRS对资产、负债和所有者权益的定义和计量提供了详细的规定,包括对于各类资产和负债的确认、计量和披露要求。
3.收入和费用准则IFRS规定了收入和费用的确认、计量和披露要求,包括收入的时间、金额的确定和收入和费用的分类等。
4.业务组合和关联方交易准则IFRS对于业务组合和关联方交易的会计处理提供了准确的规定,以确保相关交易的真实性和公允性。
5.金融工具准则IFRS对金融工具的分类、计量和披露要求提供了详细的规定,以强化金融报告的透明度和质量。
三、应用范围和重要性IFRS的应用范围包括上市公司、金融机构和其他一些特定的实体。
许多国家已经采纳了IFRS作为其国家会计准则,或将其作为可选会计准则。
这使得全球范围内的财务报告更加一致和可比。
IFRS的重要性体现在以下几个方面:1.提高全球投资者的信任。
IFRS的统一准则和高质量的财务报告可以增加投资者对企业财务信息的信任程度,促进资本市场的发展和资金的流动。
国际会计准则了解国际财务报告准则(IFRS)的主要内容及其在国际财务报告中的应用
国际会计准则了解国际财务报告准则(IFRS)的主要内容及其在国际财务报告中的应用国际会计准则(International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS)是由国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting Standards Board, IASB)制定的国际财务报告准则。
IFRS旨在提供一套普遍适用的会计原则和规范,以确保企业在各个国家和地区都能按照相同的标准编制和呈现财务报告。
本文将介绍IFRS的主要内容和其在国际财务报告中的应用。
一、IFRS的主要内容IFRS由一系列准则和附录组成,涵盖了会计核算、财务报告、资产和负债、收入和费用、金融工具等方面的规定。
以下是IFRS的一些主要内容:1. 框架准则:IFRS框架准则为编制和呈现财务报告提供了指导原则,包括财务报告目的、报告实体、财务报表等内容。
2. 具体准则:IFRS包括一系列具体准则,例如《收入确认准则》、《资产计量准则》、《金融工具准则》等,这些准则规定了特定会计事项的处理方法和准则。
3. 揭示要求:IFRS要求企业在财务报表中披露相关信息,以提供更全面的财务信息。
4. 解释性文本:IFRS也发布了一些解释性文本,用于解释和明确准则的适用和解释问题的方法。
二、IFRS在国际财务报告中的应用IFRS目前已成为全球许多国家和地区企业编制财务报告的通用准则。
以下是IFRS在国际财务报告中的应用情况:1. 全球一体化:IFRS的采用使得财务报告标准更加一致和可比较,有利于世界各国企业之间的财务信息交流和理解。
2. 提高透明度:IFRS要求企业披露更多的财务信息,提高了财务报告的透明度,使投资者和其他利益相关者能够更好地理解和评估企业的财务状况和业绩。
3. 降低成本:IFRS的全球统一应用减少了不同国家和地区间的财务报告差异,降低了企业在跨国经营时的成本和复杂性。
4. 风险管理:IFRS要求企业按照公允价值计量财务工具,这使得企业能够更好地管理和评估金融风险。
国际财务报告准则第10-13号(中文).
3 号——企业合并》 )。
范围
4. 属于母公司的主体应列报合并财务报表。除以下例外情况外,该要求适用于所有主体: ( 1) 若满足以下所有条件,母公司不必列报合并财务报表: ①该母公司是另一主体的全资子公司,或者虽是另一主体的部分控股子公司, 但母公司的全部其他所有者 (包括无投票权的所有者) 已经知悉而且也不反对 母公司不列报合并财务报表; ②该母公司的债务工具和权益工具未在公开市场 (包括地方性和地区性的国内 外证券交易所和场外交易市场)进行交易; ③该母公司没有因意在公开市场发行任何类别的 (金融) 工具而向证券委员会 或其他监管组织报送或正在报送财务报表;和 ④该母公司的最终母公司或中间母公司按照国际财务报告准则编制合并财务 报表且公众可供利用。 ( 2) 《国际会计准则第 19 号——雇员福利》所规范的退休福利计划和其他长期雇 员福利计划。
具有现实能力掌控被投资方相关
活动的投资方,依然拥有对被投资方的权力。投资方已经和正在掌控被投资方相关活动
的证据,尽管有助于确定投资方是否拥有权力,但从本质上讲,确定投资方是否拥有对
被投资方的权力,此类证据并非决定性证据。
13. 如果两方或者多方中的每一方均具有现实的权利,
可以分别具有单方面掌控不同相关活
些活动,故任何独立的投资方都不能控制被投资方。每一投资方在被投资方中的利益,
均应根据有关国际财务报告准则 (例如,《国际财务报告准则第 11 号——合营安排》 、《国
际会计准则第 28 号——在联营和合营中的投资》或者《国际财务报告准则第
9 号——
金融工具》)进行会计处理。
权力
10. 当投资方拥有现实权利从而具有现实能力掌控被投资方的相关活动时 的回报具有重大影响的那些活动) ,投资方即对被投资方拥有权力。
财政部关于征求国际会计准则理事会《合并财务报表衔接规定(征求意见稿)》意见的函
财政部关于征求国际会计准则理事会《合并财务报表衔接规定(征求意见稿)》意见的函文章属性•【公布机关】财政部•【公布日期】2012.02.21•【分类】征求意见稿正文关于征求国际会计准则理事会《合并财务报表衔接规定(征求意见稿)》意见的函财会便[2012]8号各有关单位:国际会计准则理事会于2011年12月20日发布了《国际财务报告准则第10号——合并财务报表》(IFRS10)衔接规定修订征求意见稿(以下简称“征求意见稿”),向全球公开征求意见,反馈意见截止日期为2012年3月21日。
征求意见稿的目的是改进IFRS10关于过渡衔接的规定。
为深入参与国际财务报告准则的制定,推动我国会计准则持续国际趋同,请你单位对征求意见稿中所列问题组织研究,并于2012年3月13日前将书面意见反馈我司。
我司将在整理、汇总和分析各方意见的基础上,代表财政部向国际会计准则理事会反馈中国的意见。
同时,我们也鼓励以你单位名义直接向国际会计准则理事会反馈意见。
征求意见稿的英文全文和中文简介可在财政部会计准则委员会()或者财政部网站(/kjs“工作通知”栏目)下载。
中文简介仅供参考,与英文不一致之处请以英文为准。
反馈意见不限于文中所提问题,并请注意结合我国具体情况,最好能有案例支持。
感谢你单位对国际财务报告准则反馈意见工作的支持!联系人:财政部会计司制度二处王虹电话:************地址:北京市西城区三里河南三巷3号财政部会计司,100820电子邮箱:****************.cn附件:1.国际会计准则理事会《国际财务报告准则第10号——合并财务报表》衔接规定修订征求意见稿简介2.国际会计准则理事会《国际财务报告准则第10号——合并财务报表》衔接规定修订征求意见稿财政部会计司二〇一二年二月二十一日。
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国际财务报告准则 10 合并财务报表
目标
【1】本准则的目标是当某一个实体控制一个或多个其他实体时,建立列示与编制合并财务报表的原则。
达成目标
【2】为了达到【1】所述的目标,本准则:
(1)要求对其他一个或多个实体(子公司)实施控制的某一个实体(母公司)编制合并财务报表;
(2)定义控制的原则,并将控制作为合并的基础;
(3)制定应用原则以识别投资者是否控制了被投资者,进而必需合并被投资者;和
(4)制定合并财务报表编制的会计规定。
【3】本准则并不涉及业务合并以及合并的影响,包括因业务合并而产生的商誉(参见 IFRS 3 业务合并)。
范围
【4】母公司应当编制合并财务报表。
本准则应用于所有实体,除非:
(1)当满足以下所有条件时,母公司可以不编制合并财务报表:
(i)母公司是全资子公司,或者是另一个主体的部分拥有的子公司,但其他所有者,包括那些没有表决权,已被告知且不反对母公司不编制合并财务报表;
(ii)该母公司的债务或权益工具并未在公开市场(国内或国外证券交易市场或者当地或区域性的场外交易市场)进行交易;
(iii)母公司没有以在公开市场上发行任何类别的工具为目的,而向证券委员会或其他监管机构递交或正在递交财务报表。
(iv)母公司的最终控制方或其他任何间接控股母公司遵循IFRS的规定编制了可供公开使用的的合并财务报表。
(2)雇员离职后设定受益计划或应用《IAS 19 雇员福利》的其他长期雇员受益计划;
控制
【5】作为投资者,无论涉入一家实体(被投资者)的性质如何,需要通过评估其是否控制了被投资者来确认其是否为母公司。
【6】投资方控制了被投资方是指当投资方通过对被投资者的涉入面临可变回报的风险或取得可变回
报的权利,并且通过主导被投资者的权力来影响投资者的回报金额。
【7】因此,当且仅当投资方具备以下所有条件时,投资方才控制了被投资方:
(1)主导被投资者的权力;
(2)通过对被投资者的涉入面临可变回报的风险或取得可变回报的权利;及
(3)利用对被投资者的权力影响投资者回报金额的能力。
【8】在评估投资方控制了被投资方时,投资方需要考虑所有的事实和环境因素。
如果事实和环境导
致本准则【7】所列示的控制要素发生了变化(参见本准则 B80-B85),投资者应当重新评估其是否
控制了被投资方。
【9】当两方或多方需要同时行动才能直接主导相关的活动,则两方或多方共同控制了被投资方。
在
此情形下,除非互相合作,没有任何一方投资者能够主导活动,即没有单一投资方能够控制被投资方。
每个投资者应当遵循其他相关IFRSs的规定,例如《IFRS 11 合营安排》、《IAS 28 在联营与合营
中的投资》和《IFRS 9 金融工具》。
权力
【10】如果投资者拥有的现有权利使其在当前有能力主导对被投资者回报构成重大影响的活动,则存
在权力。
【11】权力来源于权利。
有时评估权力是直接的,例如通过权益工具(如股票)赋与的表决权,可以
直接或唯一地获取主导被投资者的权力,并且可以通过对这些股份的投票权来评估权力。
在其他的案
例中,评估权力可能相对复杂并且需要考虑一个或多个因素,例如当权力取决于一项或多项合同安排。
【12】如果投资方拥有主导相关活动的现时能力,则拥有权力,即使其主导权利尚未行使。
投资方已
经主导相关活动的证据有助于确定投资方是否拥有权力。
但是,这些证据本身不能得出是否投资者具
有主导被投资者的权力的结论。
【13】如果两个或多个投资方拥有现有权利,赋于各方单独主导不同相关活动的能力,则拥有现时能
力以主导最重大影响被投资回报的一方,拥有被投资方的权力。
【14】投资者拥有主导被投资者的权力即使其他方拥有的现有权力使其在当前有能力参与主导相关的
活动,例如,当其他方具有重大影响。
然而,当投资方仅拥有保护性权利,则其没有主导被投资方的
权力(参见本准则 B26-B28),因而不能控制被投资方。
回报
【15】当投资方涉入被投资方的回报因被投资方的业绩而导致潜在的变动时,投资方承担了可变回报
的风险或取得可变回报的权利。
投资方的回报可能是有利或不利或者同时存在有利与不利。
【16】尽管只有一个投资方能够控制被投资方,但是其他多方也能够享有被投资方的回报。
例如,非
控制性权益持有者也能享有被投资方的利润或分配。
权力与回报的联系
【17】当投资方不仅拥有主导被投资方的权力,并且通过对被投资者的涉入面临可变回报的风险或取
得可变回报的权利,同时,通过对被投资者的涉入拥有影响投资者的回报金额的能力,则投资方控制
了被投资方。
【18】因此,拥有决策权力的投资方应当确定其自身是委托人还是代理人。
当投资方作为符合本准则
B58-B72要求的代理人时,当其受托行使其决策权时,它并未控制被投资方。
会计处理要求
【19】母公司在编制合并财务报表时,应当对类似交易和类似环境下的其他事项采用一致的会计政策。
【20】投资方应当自获取对被投资方的控制之日起进行合并,在丧失对被投资方的控制之日起停止合并。
【21】本准则B86-B93 制定了编制合并财务报表的指引。
非控制性权益
【22】母公司应当在合并财务状况表中将非控制性权益列入权益,并区别于母公司所有者权益。
【23】引起子公司中母公司所有者权益的变动,但并未导致母公司丧失对子公司控制的交易属于权益
性交易(即所有者以其所有者身份进行的交易)。
【24】本准则 B94-B96制定的合并财务报表中非控制性权益的会计处理指引。
丧失控制
【25】如果母公司失去了对子公司的控制,母公司:
(1)在合并财务状况表中终止确认原子公司的资产和负债;
(2)在丧失控制时的公允价值确认所保留的对原子公司的投资,并根据相关的 IFRSs 规定所产生的任何金额进行会计处理。
该公允价值应当根据 IFRS 9 进行初始确认的金融资产
的公允价值,或者,如果适当,作为一项联营或合营中的投资的初始确认成本;
(3)确认归属于原控制权益的与丧失控制权相关的利得或损失。
【26】本准则 B97-99 制定了丧失控制的会计指引。