高考英语-动词不定式-知识点考点全梳理

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第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十二章动词不定式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十二章动词不定式思维导图知识梳理一、不定式概述动词不定式的基本形式是:“t o+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分-主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例):动词不定式的句法作用(一)作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.点拨(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语.It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.(3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.(二)作表语作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程.You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了.What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.点拨当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.(三)作宾语能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗?They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show,understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁.We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站.Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?(四)作定语I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费.Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方.He is always the first to come to work and the last to leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.点拨不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时,放在它们的后面.如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰,词序是something(nothing...)+形容词+不定式.My father had something to do.我父亲有事要办.Have you got anything important to buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?(五)作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.1.作目的状语为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组(即:in order to...,so as to...),作状语表示目的.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.I stayed there so as to see what would happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.2.作结果状语表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“so...as to...”“such...as to..“enough to...”“only to...”以及“too...to...”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.She is old enough to go to school.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.He was too drunk to drive home.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.3.作原因状语She trembled to think of the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.(六)宾语补足语1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.She asked her grandfather to play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.Mother told me to cook the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等.使役动词:如make, let, have等.Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.Don't let her go out.别让她出去.I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干.(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带to,亦可不带to.在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带to.He was seen to enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业.Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式.I heard Meimei singing in her room when I went past.我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)We often hear Meimei sing in her room.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)I saw him come in.I saw him coming in.两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面I find it easy to learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项(一)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式:not+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. to do sth.句型连用.She asked me not to drive him to the station.她要我不要开车送他到车站.Try not to be late.争取不要迟到.Mary asked me not to give my pen to Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.She decided not to come here again.她决定不再到这儿来.点拨不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开.I didn't ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开.(二)不定式的进行时态进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.It's nice to be sitting here with you.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.It is unwise for him to be talking that topic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.(三)不定式的完成时态完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.She said she was sorry to have missed you.她说她没见到你很遗憾.He seemed to have visited our factory.他好像参观过我们的工厂.They appeared to have met before.他们看来以前见过面.(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义I didn't want to be told about it.我不想被告知这件事.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.在以某些形容词,如kind, good, silly, honest, bad, stupid, bold, clever, cruel,courteous, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrong等作表语时,后面需用以“of+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即of短语是不定式的逻辑主语).It's very good of you to come.谢谢你的光临.How silly of you (it is)to make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊!It's very kind of you to say so.多谢你这么说.在had better, had best, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner, would sooner...than, cannot but, do nothing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“to”.You had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里.好题精练一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子1.Do you enjoy_________ football?(play)2.Fred didn't have any money, so he decided_________ a job.(take)3.We're going out for dinner, Would you like_________ us?(join)4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper on time.(finish)5.When I was tired, I enjoyed_________ TV.(watch)6.It was a nice day, so the old man agreed_________ for a walk.(go)7.I'm not in a hurry, I don't mind_________.(wait)答案:1.playing2.to take3.to join4.to finish5.watching6.to go7.waiting二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“go+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法(go boating; go fishing; go dancing; go running; go skating; go hunting; go singing)1.She's a good dancer. She always_________ on Saturday.2.I've got a gun. I'll_________ with that strong hunter next weekend.3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the morning.”4.We have enough fish to eat. Our father_________ every day.答案:1.goes dancing2.go hunting3.gone running4.goes fishing三、仿照示例改写下列句子示例:It is very interesting to play baseball.→ To play baseball is very interesting.1.lt was not polite to speak that way before Mr. Lee.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It can be quite easy to travel by air.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.lt will be no problem to arrive there before noon.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.To make those strangers believe us was so difficult.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.To help Tom speak Chinese well is not at all easy.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.To speak that way before Mr. Lee was not polite.2.To travel by air can be quite easy.3.To arrive there before noon will be no problem.4.It was so difficult to make those strangers believe us.5.It is not at all easy to help Tom (to) speak Chinese well.四、选择填空1. _________ the bookstore, he stopped_________ a few books.A. Passing; buyingB. Passing; to buyC. To pass; buyingD. Having passed; to buy2.Bruce,look at your dirty shoes, You'd better_________ them right now.A. washedB. washingC. washD. to wash3. _________ the room, I found the computer_________.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; stolenC. To enter; stealD. To enter; stealing4.We've worked hard for nearly one hour. Let's stop_________ a rest now.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. have had5.My mother always tells me not_________ to the net bars(网吧).A. goB. to goC. goesD. going6.The teacher asked us_________ English for half an hour in the morning.A. reads B reading C. to read D. read7.You will have to get up early tomorrow. Stop_________ TV, Peter.A. watchesB. watchC. to watchD. watching8.I find it hard_________ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns9.The teacher asked John_________ a short talk in our class meeting.A. giveB. to giveC. gaveD. giving10.The girl was too poor_________ a houseA. to buy; to live inB. to buy ;to liveC. buy; to liveD. buying; living in11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brown still went on_________.A. works B .worked C. working D. work12.Remember_________ him about it before he goes away.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. to telling13.Lin Tao is strong enough_________ the big box.A. carryB. to carryC. carryingD. carries14.Her mother told her_________ in bed.A. not readB. not to readC. don't readD. to not read15.When class began, we stopped_________ to the teacher carefully.A. listeningB. listenC. listens D .to listen16.You'd better_________ the cinema by bus.A. don't goB. to goC. to go toD. go to17.What did the manager_________ you to_________ at the meeting?A. tell; sayB. ask; speakC. tell; speakD. ask; talk18.Tom was let_________ in the gate house.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to have waited19.Mr.Hu has enough time_________ the job in two days.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished20.Look,the building_________ is our library.A. is repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repairing21. _________ no money, I could not buy this coat.A. HaveB. HavingC. To haveD. Have had22.The teacher has something important_________ us.A. to tellB. tellsC. tellingD. told23.Li Ming didn't know_________ next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. how to doD. what do24.I'd love_________ to your birthday party.A. comeB. cameC. to comeD. comes25.It took me two hours_________ by bus.A. to get thereB. to get to thereC. get thereD. get to there答案:1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB21-25 BABCA五、改正下列句子的错误1.He seems to not hear from her.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I hope see you soon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I made them to give the money back.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The scientist gave us some advice on how learning English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.No one noticed him to leave the room.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Have you given up to smoke?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We found him waited at the school gate.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Why not to turn off the light?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.She didn't want me go.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.I don't know to swim.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.China is a developed country belonging to the third world.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.It's getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.He said he had an important meeting to attended.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.They don't allow that people smoke.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.It's difficult sell my car.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.He seems not to...2.I hope to see...3.I made them give...4....how to learn...5....him leave...6....given up smoking?7...him waiting...8.Why not turn off...9.She didn't want me to go.10.I don't know how to swim.11....a developing...12....to live in13....to attend.14. ...people to smoke.15...to sell my car.。

备战2021年高考英语考点一遍过考点16动词不定式(含解析)

备战2021年高考英语考点一遍过考点16动词不定式(含解析)

考点16动词不定式高考频度:★★★★★动词不定式定义动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号to+do构成。

没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可做主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。

形式时态主动被动一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing ----完成进行式to have been doing ---- 否定式否定词(not/never)+动词不定式考向一不定式的作用1. 作主语:不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。

It took us two hours to finish the job.(1)其他系动词如look,appear等也可用于此句型。

(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is ...to...句型。

试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of,否则用 for。

2. 作宾语(1)动词+不定式。

☞He managed to escape from the fire.☞I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to,"特殊疑问句+不定式"相当于名词,作宾语。

☞I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.不定式短语作宾语时,若是还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语以后,用it 作形式宾语。

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。

二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。

不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。

多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。

只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。

在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。

I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。

不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。

如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的用法

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的用法

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的用法动词不定式是英语语法中的一项重要知识点。

它是由动词原形加上"to"构成,常用作名词、形容词或副词的补充。

本文将对动词不定式的用法进行梳理,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。

一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语。

例如:1. To learn a foreign language is beneficial to one's personal development.学习一门外语对个人发展有益。

2. To exercise regularly is important for maintaining good health.定期锻炼对保持健康很重要。

二、动词不定式作宾语1. 表示建议或命令动词不定式常用于表示建议、命令或请求的动词后。

例如:1. He advised me to take a vacation.他建议我去度假。

2. The teacher told the students to be quiet.老师告诉学生们安静。

2. 表示喜好或感知某些动词后面跟动词不定式,用来表示喜好、感知、感觉等。

例如:1. I enjoy playing the piano in my free time.我喜欢在闲暇时弹钢琴。

2. She saw him enter the room quietly.她看到他悄悄地进了房间。

三、动词不定式作宾语补足语某些动词需要与动词不定式连用,形成宾语补足语,用来补充说明或补充宾语的意义。

例如:1. I found it difficult to solve the math problem.我发现解决这个数学问题很困难。

2. He considers her to be the best candidate for the job.他认为她是这份工作的最佳候选人。

四、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以用作名词的前置定语,用来修饰名词。

高考英语非谓语动词不定式语法知识点

高考英语非谓语动词不定式语法知识点

高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法精讲不定式1.作主语不定式作主语常见的是it 作形式主语,放在句首,将真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在句子后面。

It’s easy to be wise afterthe event.Itis right to give up smoking.2.作宾语I find it interesting to study history.1.直接作宾语句型:动词(vt)+ to do解读:直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。

这时句子有以下两个特点:第一:句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的,不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。

第二:这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度;不定式动作则说明行为。

经典例句:1)Nobodywants to be laughed at.2)Thiscompany refused to cooperate with us.经典例题:1.I don't want ____like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan isunfair. (2005天津卷)A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded2.I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______talking while she works. (2006北京卷)A.working ; stoppingB. to work ; stoppingC.working ; to stopD. towork ; to stop3.As a young man , I hate______________ in public.ughed atB. to be laughed atC. to laugh atughing at2.句型:某些及物动词+连词+to do解读:在一些动词之后,可以在连接代词(what, who , which)或连接副词(how, when, where)及连词whether 后面接一个带to 的动词不定式作宾语。

高考英语:非谓语动词考点

高考英语:非谓语动词考点

外教一对一高考英语:非谓语动词考点一、分类:动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点:1.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。

2.Doing/To do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。

二、动词不定式1、特点:表将来2、形式:①基本型:to+动词原形(do)。

②被动式:to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时:to be doing3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语:意外结果)。

③This i s very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语,it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to:I want to get up early and read English.例外:前后表对比时,to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) (为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构:—Would you like to go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外:to后有have/be时,保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义外教一对一1)主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语(表性质的adj. + to do)2) 主+Vt + 宾语 + 宾补(adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的应用

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的应用

语法知识点梳理动词不定式的应用语法知识点梳理:动词不定式的应用动词不定式(infinitive)是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,它是一个带有to的动词原形,如to go、to eat等。

动词不定式在英语中具有广泛的应用,本文将就动词不定式的使用场景进行梳理和总结。

一、作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,用来代表一个动作或行为。

例如:- To study English every day is important for improving language skills.(每天学习英语对于提高语言能力很重要。

)- To help others is a virtue.(帮助他人是一种美德。

)二、作宾语1. 不定式作及物动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示一个动作或行为。

常见的及物动词包括want、hope、need、expect等。

例如:- I want to visit my grandparents this summer.(我想今年夏天去看望我的祖父母。

)- She hopes to find a good job after graduation.(她希望毕业后能找到一份好工作。

)2. 不定式作及物动词的宾语补足语有些及物动词需要一个补足语来补充说明宾语的情况,这时可以使用动词不定式作为宾语补足语。

例如:- She considers him to be a reliable friend.(她认为他是一个可靠的朋友。

)- The teacher wants the students to complete the assignment by tomorrow.(老师希望学生们明天前完成作业。

)3. 不定式作介词的宾语有些介词后接动词不定式作为宾语,表示一个目的或目标。

常见的介词有for、to、with等。

例如:- He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买些日常用品。

动词不定式的相关考点梳理

动词不定式的相关考点梳理

英语篇语法直播动词不定式,即“to+动词原形”,其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,是初中英语中的一大重难点,深受各地中考英语命题者的青睐。

对此,笔者归纳了动词不定式的几个考查热点,以期对同学们有所帮助。

一、考查动词不定式作逻辑主语动词不定式用作逻辑主语时,常用“It ”作形式主语,基本结构为“It is +形容词+for/of sb.to do sth.”。

同学们在做题时要注意仔细剖析句子结构,弄清真正的逻辑主语,从而选出正确答案。

【例1】(2022年贵州毕节中考卷)Many people have lost their homes because of wars.It ’s important for people a peaceful world.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.to have 解析:本题主要考查动词不定式用作逻辑主语。

句意是:“许多人因为战争失去了家园。

对人们来说,拥有一个和平的世界很重要。

”此句结构为“It is adj.for sb.to do sth.”,It 为形式主语,真正的逻辑主语为动词不定式,所以本题正确答案为D 项。

二、考查动词不定式作宾语在英语中,decide,want,choose,hope,wish,plan,need,agree,offer,refuse,prepare 等动词,后可以直接跟不定式作宾语。

【例2】(2022年湖南益阳中考卷)—Tom,do you think reading is important?—Yes,I do.So I decide more time on reading from now on.A.spendB.spendingC.to spendD.to spending解析:本题考查动词不定式作宾语。

句意是:“汤姆,你觉得阅读重要吗?”“是的,所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。

”decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”,所以空格处应填动词不定式,在句中用作宾语,故正确答案为C 项。

高考英语不定式

高考英语不定式

3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have been told everything.
动词不定式的语态
1. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.
肯定
考点:6:
动词不定式的时态和语态
态 与谓语动词同 时或几乎同时发生, 或之后发生。
所表示的动作或状 ㈠. 一般式( to do ).
1. I opened the door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
知识梳理
形式 主动式 被动式 to be done / 与谓语动作的关 系 动作发生在谓语 动作之后 与谓语动作同时 发生 动作发生在谓语 动作之前
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have to have done been done
不定式
1. He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in. (宾语) (主语) 2. It is of great help for us to learn English well. 3. I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her (宾补) birthday party. 4. She listens to news every day so as to find (状语) out what’s going on. 5. The car to be bought is for his sisters. (定语) 6. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. (表语)

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(二)

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(二)

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(二)二、对“动词不定式作条件状语”的不同看法当然,有的语法学家“动词不定式作条件状语”的不同看法,例如Michael Swan在其编著的《牛津英语用法指南》(第二版翻译本)(外语教学与研究出版社2000年9月第1版) P365和《牛津英语用法指南》(第三版翻译本)(外语教学与研究出版社2010年4月第1版) P427认为:see 和hear的动词不定式可用来解释产生假象的原因。

这类动词不定式结构之后通常跟you’d think或类似的表达方式。

To see them, you’d think they were married. But they only met yesterday.To see him walk down the street, you’d never know he was blind.To hear her talk, you’d think she was made of money.笔者认为以上三句与其看作“动词不定式做原因状语”,倒不如看作“动词不定式做条件状语”更易于理解。

例如,把“To see him walk down the street, you’d never know he was blind.”改为原因状语从句,应为You’d never know he was blind because you see him walk down the street.很难理解。

但是,改为“动词不定式做条件状语”,应为If you see him walk down the street, yo u’d never know he was blind. if从句表示非真实的条件,很容易理解。

三、“动词不定式作条件状语”能否划为“动词不定式做原因状语”事实上,动词不定式作状语时,很难区分究竟是条件还是原因,例如,在上面提到的张克礼编著的《新英语语法》(第二版)(高等教育出版社2005年1月第2版)P221就认为:不定式分句有时把条件和其它语义结合在一起,如目的、理由等:You must be strong to lift that weight.= You must be strong if you are able to lift that weight.= You must be strong in order to lift that weight.= You must be strong because you are able to lift that weight.再如,上面提到的秦裕祥著的《英语语法专题研究》(湖南师范大学出版社1999年5月第1版)P180认为:如用于表示说话人主观设定的条件或与目的的意义相混杂的条件时即是如此。

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(一)

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(一)

动词不定式作条件状语考点梳理(一)一、动词不定式作条件状语的历史传承动词不定式作条件状语至少可以追溯到成书于1931年George O. Curme 著的Syntax,并且被中外的语法学家所认可,传承至今。

以下是动词不定式作条件状语的历史传承:1. George O. Curme 著Syntax(1931年版) (汪璜译《英语句法》商务印书馆1989年8月第1版)(上册)P581:“I was thinking of asking £30 for the month.”(for the use of the boat)—“The boat is not worth it to buy.”(=if one should buy it for that price)《英语句法》(下册)P201:I should be glad to go (= if I could go).I should have been glad to go (=if I could have gone).He would have been foolish to do it (=if he had done it).2. R. W. ZANDVOORT 著A Handbook Of English Grammar (First published 1957)P10:In so-called “free-adjuncts”, the idea of purpose may be weakened, and even shade off into that of circumstance or condition.To hear him talk, you’d think he knew all about the subject.3. 李绍基编著的《英语非谓语动词》(译林出版社1981年12月第1版)P68:动词不定式短语有时也可用来表示一定条件,其产生的结果往往带有虚拟或主观推断的性质,因此句中的谓语动词前常用should, would, could, must等词。

英语动词所有用法梳理!动词不定式、情态动词、主动被动

英语动词所有用法梳理!动词不定式、情态动词、主动被动

1动词原形及不定式的用法动词原形的用法1.除单三人称的一般现在时,其它人称作主语,动词用原形。

2.将来时态shall, will, should, would之后用动词原形。

3.祈使句句子开头用动词原形。

4.助动词do, does, did之后用动词原形。

5.情态动词can、could、may, might, have/has to, must, need, dare ,ought to之后用动词原形。

6.使役动词let、make、have 之后用动词原形。

7.感官动词see、watch、notice、hear、feel、find之后用动词原形(说明动作已经结束)。

8.had better 之后用动词原形。

9.why / why not 之后用动词原形。

10.would rather dosth . than do sth .11.prefer to dosth. rather than do sth./ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.动名词的用法1.介词之后动词要用动名词形式(动词+ing)2.部分动词之后的动词只能用动名词形式:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, spend,dislike, find , keep3.部分短语后省略了介词in: have fun/ problems/ difficulties/trouble /a good time doing be busy doing,4.be worth doing, can’t help doing , feel like doing , do some doing sth.5.下面这些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式:like / love / hatedoing (doing表示习惯)(to do表示具体的动作)stop doing(表示停止)(doing表示开始做不定式的动作);remember , forget (不定式表示未做;动名词表示已做);try (doing表示试着做;to do表示努力做);go on (doing继续做相同的事to do继续做不同的事)begin , start (to do与doing区别不大);need (人作主语用to do ;物作主语用doing表示被动);mean(人作主语用to do表示“打算做”;事/ 物作主语用doing表示“意味着”);这些动词既可跟动词原形,又可跟ing形式:see,watch,hear.notice (用原形是指动作结束,ing 表示动作正在进行)动词不定式的用法1.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encourage sb. to do sth.2.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encourage sb. not to do sth.3.Help...(to) dosth.4.主系表+ 不定式(to do)5.主系表+for sb + 不定式(to do)6.部分动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式:(同动名词6)7.疑问词+不定式(to do)可以把复合句变为简单句,(to = 主语+will/would/can)2英语动词双写规则及常见动词英语动词双写规则必须同时满足以下4 个条件1) 该动词的发音以重读闭音节结尾;重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中,元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,以辅音字母结尾,而且是重读音节的音节。

动词不定式的考点聚焦

动词不定式的考点聚焦

非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、动词-ing、动词-ed。

非谓语动词在高中所学的语法当中属于难度较高的内容,也是每年高考英语试题的热点考点之一。

非谓语动词也是学生普遍感到较难理解、掌握和运用的语法点。

它在句子中不能作谓语,没有人称和单复数的变化,但是它具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,可以接自己的宾语、状语等。

本文通过多道典型例句帮助同学们梳理非谓语动词中不定式的常见用法,以期提升同学们对其的理解和运用能力。

动词不定式(to do)在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。

不定式一般不带时间的标记,即没有现在时、过去时和将来时的制约;同时也不受主语人称和数的制约,但会有“体”和“态”的形态变化,这种变化分为四种:一般形式、进行体形式、完成体形式和完成进行体形式。

不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式前加not、nev-er等否定词。

一、不定式的形式1.一般形式:to do,其所表示的动作是在谓语动词动作之后发生,或表将来的动作。

(一般被动式:to be done,其所表示的动作是在谓语动词动作之后发生并与主语或被修饰词构成被动关系)【例1】I have a lot of homework(complete) before the end of this weekend.【解析】句意表示有很多作业要完成,其动作在谓语之后发生,主语I和complete构成主动关系,故使用不定式的一般形式,答案为to complete。

2.进行体形式:to be doing,其所表示的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。

【例2】The boy pretended(work)hard.【解析】根据句意“这个男孩假装正在认真工作”可知,不定式表示的动作与谓语动作是同时发生的,故使用不定式的进行时,答案为to be working。

3.完成体形式:to have done,不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

(完成被动式:to have been done,动作在谓语动词动作之前发生并与主语或被修饰词构成被动关系)【例3】When the teacher came in,he pretended (complete)his homework.【解析】句意表示假装已经完成了作业,表示不定式的动作——完成作业,在谓语动词动作——假装之前发生,故使用不定式的完成式,答案为to have com-pleted。

不定式知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

不定式知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

不定式(1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常时间性不强,与谓语动词表示的动作没有时间先后顺序I’m pleased to see you here.I am expecting to hear from you.I would like you to stay over the weekend with me.(2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,强调动作的先后顺序I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.She is said to have studied abroad last year.The boy pretended to have known the answer.(3)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行Mary seems to be thinking deeply.The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.I happened to be watching TV when she called.(4)不定式的被动形式不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式She asks to be treated equally.The radio needs to be repaired.The room seems to have been broken in.The telephone is considered to have been invented by Bell.动词不定式的用法:一、作主语A.动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

(可由it作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式后置。

)1. To point out the mistakes you have made is my chief purpose.2.To become a slave is to give up one's freedom.3.It is impossible for him to give up smoking.4.To get there by air will take you only about two hours.=It will take you only about two hours to get there by air.B: It is +adj. + for sb to do sth.5.对于学生们来说,理解这篇文章很容易。

高考英语试题中的不定式考点归纳与拓展

高考英语试题中的不定式考点归纳与拓展

We h a d a c o l d r o o m t o l i v e i n( t o l i v e i n t h e c o l d r o o m ) . 3 . 用“ 疑 问词 +t o d o s t h ” 结 构 作 宾语 的动 词有 d e c i d e , k n o w , c o n s i d e r , f o r g e t , l e a r n , r e me m b e r ,s h o w ,u n d e r s t a n d ,s e e等 。
是 不及 物 动词 的 ,要 加 上适 当 的介词 。例 :
【 拓展与归纳 l 1 . 此题考查 了不定式的
时 态和 语态 。现将 其 归 纳如 下 : 不 定式 的一 般式 ( 主动 形 式 : t o d o ; 被动形式 t o b e d o n e ) 通 常 表 示 不 定式 的 动作 发 生 在 谓语 动 词 之 后或 ( 几 乎 )同 时发 生 。如 : A J 0 t o f y o u n g p e o p l e a y e l e a r n i n g t o d r i v e c a r s f 很 多 年轻 人 在 学 开车 。) ; 不 定式 的进行 式 ( 主 动形 式 : t o b e d o i n g ) 表示 动 作正 在 进行 , 与谓 语 动 词 表 示 的动作 同时进 行 。 如: T h e y a r e b e l i e v e d
t o b e t a l k i n g a b o u t s o me t h i n g s e c r e t . f 相 信 他 们 正 在 谈 些 秘 密 的 事情 ) ;不 定 式 的 完 成 式

高考英语语法复习之动词不定式及现在分词使用

高考英语语法复习之动词不定式及现在分词使用

高考英语语法复习之动词不定式及现在分词使用知识梳理一、后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有:admit,appreciate,avoid,delay(耽搁),consider(考虑),enjoy,escape(逃脱),finish,imagine(想象),mind(介意),miss(错过),practise(练习),risk(冒险),resist(抵抗),suggest(建议),keep等。

语法填空,并将下列句子译成汉语。

①She admitted having (make)a mistake.翻译: 。

②We shall appreciate (hear)from you.翻译: 。

③I crossed the street to avoid (meet)him,but he saw me and came running towards me.翻译: 。

④I am considering (go)abroad.翻译: 。

有些动词接doing,它们形式要记清;推迟享受可后悔,建议想象必完成;延期避免非介意,考虑宽恕不错失;允许抵制或放弃,坚持练习和感激。

二、后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:be used to(习惯于),can’t help(禁不住),can’t stand(无法忍受),give up(放弃),feel like(喜欢),keep on(继续),insist on(坚持),look forward to,put off(推迟),devote...to(致力于),stick to(坚持),get down to(开始做),be proud of(以……为骄傲),have difficulty in(在……有困难),keep...from,prevent...from,stop...from(阻止),It is no good/use...(做……没有用),pay attention to(注意……)语法填空,并将下列句子译成汉语。

高考英语 语法系列之过去分词不定式知识点分析

高考英语 语法系列之过去分词不定式知识点分析

英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】1. 定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。

2. 过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

如:Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2) 过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。

如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。

Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。

如:The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。

3) 过去分词做状语:过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

如:Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。

②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。

如:Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。

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高考英语-动词不定式-知识点考点全梳理
动词不定式在句中的成分
1,作主语:
To read English aloud is very important 大声朗读英语是很重要的
It's very important to read English aloud 大声朗读英语是很重要的。

2,作宾语:
I want to play football 我想要踢足球。

I find it easy to study English 我发现学习英语是很容易的。

3,作表语:
My plan is to study English well 我的计划就是把英语学好。

4,作定语:
I must find a man to talk 我必须找到一个人去聊天
I have nothing to do 我没有可以做的事情。

5,作状语;
We did a lot of work just to improve our abilities
我们做这么多的工作就是为了提高我们的能力。

He got up early that day ,only to be told that it's Saturday
5,作补语:
He asked me to do homework 他叫我去写作业
He was asked to finish the work 他被叫去完成这个工作。

二,疑问词+不定式的句子成分
1,做主语:How to study English well is so important 如何把英语学好是很重要的。

2,做表语:My question is how to find it 我的问题就是如何找到它。

3,做宾语:If you want to know what to eat,you must have a menu 如果你想要知道吃什么?你必须有一个菜单。

He is worrying about where to go 他正在担心去哪里
不定式的几种时态形式
You seems to play football well
你好像踢足球还不错(状态)
You seems to be playing football very happily on the playground
你好像正在操场上打球很开心哦(动作)
You seems to have played football for two hours
你好像已经踢足球已经两个小时了。

(影响)
不定式的语态:
主动:It is great for me to play football every day 每天踢足球对我来说是很好的
被动:It's great for me to be invited at your party 对我来说是很好的在你的聚会上被邀请。

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