句子简化题
句子简化题习题集
七．句子简化题1.In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically. The world’s architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, or a combination of these in different parts of the structure.A.Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.B.Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.C.When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.D.Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.2.The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.A.Despite the current impre ssive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.3.Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.A. Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.B. Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.C. Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.D. A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.4.The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer---wolves, cougar, and lynx--have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the gate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.A.Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.5.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.A.Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.B. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.C. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.D. Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.6.Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved. Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.A.Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.B. Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.C. Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.D. The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.7.Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unexpected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.A.Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space.B. In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increased.C. Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen.D. A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer space.8. Paragraph6: Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals – an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.A.Before considering phytoremediation, hyper accumulating species of plants local to the target area must be identified.B. The investigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of contamination.C. The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyper accumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.D. Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyper accumulating species in targeted areas.9.Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. Detailed studies of the winds and currents using computer simulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been a most unlikely means of colonizing the Pacific. These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics on the home islands, as well as the challenge and excitement of exploring unknown waters.A.Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants andanimals.B. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.C. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.D. The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.10.A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale in Russia. It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.A.The animals found in the Tommotian fossil bed were once thought to belong to a variety of modern animal groups, but now they are thought to have descended from a single group.B. Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian period.C. Though at first they thought otherwise, paleontologists now agree that the animals in the Tommotian have body forms from which modern animals have descended.D. It is unclear whether the Tommotian fossils from the early Cambrian period represent unique body forms or whether they should be assigned to various modern animal groups.11.In Britain one of the most dramatic changes of the Industrial Revolution was the harnessing of power．Until the reign of George Ⅲ(1760-1820)，available sources of power for work and travel had not increased since the Middle Ages. There were three sources of power：animal or human muscles; the wind, operating on sail or windmill; and running water. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore, even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and disappeared in a drought, the new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of both movable and constant power.A.Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven．B. The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories which explains why so many water—powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable placesC. Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills as well as other factories tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland．D. Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.12.In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the “father of English geology”, was not only for his maps but also for something even more important．Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time．But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world．Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago．A.The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers．B. Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place．C. Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region．D. Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks. It was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers13. Paragraph 7: These three explanations of infantile amnesia are not mutually exclusive：indeed, they support each other. Physiological immaturity may be part of why infants and toddlers do not form extremely enduring memories, even when they hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers. Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults．Conversely，improved encoding of what they hear may help them better understand and remember stories and thus make the stories more useful for remembering future events. Thus, all three explanations-- physiological maturation hearing and producing stories about past events，and improved encoding of key aspects of events--seem likely to be involved in overcoming infantile amnesia．A.Incomplete physiological development may partly explain why hearing stories does not improve long-term memory in infants and toddlersB. One reason why preschoolers fail to comprehend the stories they hear is that they are physiologically immatureC. Given the chance to hear stories，infants and toddlers may form enduring memories despite physiological immaturity．D. Physiologically mature children seem to have no difficulty remembering stories they heard as preschoolers．14.Paragraph 4 The time had come to formulate a hypothesis. The investigators theorized that about 20 million years ago, the Mediterranean was a broad seaway linked to the Atlantic by two narrow straits. Crustal movements closed the straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began to evaporate. Increasing salinity caused by the evaporation resulted in the extermination of scores of invertebrate species. Only a few organisms especially tolerant of very salty conditions remained. As evaporation continued, the remaining brine (salt water) became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layer was precipitated. In the central deeper part of the basin, the last of the brine evaporated to precipitate more soluble sodium chloride (salt). Later, under the weight of overlying sediments, this salt flowed plastically upward to form salt domes. Before this happened, however, the Mediterranean was a vast desert 3,000 meters deep. Then, about 5.5 million years ago came the deluge. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean. Turbulent waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normal marine organisms returned. Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.A.The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.15. Paragraph 1 There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.A.The regularity and power of stone walls inspired Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm.B. Although the Romans used different types of designs when building their walls; they used regular controls to maintain their realm.C. Several types of control united the Roman realm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together.D. Romans built walls to unite the various parts of their realm into a single entity, which was controlled by powerful laws.16.Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. Much of Africa moved right into the Iron Age, taking the basic technology and adapting it to local; conditions and resources.A.While American iron makers developed the latest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier techniques.B. Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.C. Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore.D. Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at a slower rate.17.The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.A.The practice of being reflective is no longer simply a habit among teachers but something that is externally motivatedB. Most teachers need to explore ways to form the habit of reflection even when no external motivation existsC. Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been studied, including the comparative benefits of externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachersD. There has not been enough exploration of why teachers practice reflection as a habit with or without external motivation18.Paragraph 4 Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (lr) it contained.A.The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic era.B. Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.C. Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been removed from the layers of rock that surrounded them.D. Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic era.19.Paragraph 4 These ideas remain controversial. Proponents point to features such as the terraced “beaches” shown in one image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline receded. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Furthermore, Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers―layers containing compo unds of carbon and oxygen―that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans. However, more recent data imply that at least some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on the surface.A.But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the terraces.B. But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the presence of water.C. But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.D. But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.20.The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.A.Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.B. Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.C. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesisD. According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas.。
句子简化题(定稿)
第二种：大（细节放大）
插入语，同位语，状语，定语
第三种：错（多、少、矛盾）
排除假大错，保留原文重现和同义改写 排除假大错，
And 逻辑总结
第一种：并列 第二种：顺承 第三种：因果 第四种：比较对比，暗含转折
并列信息等量法则
both A and B, between A and B, not only A, but also B
句子简化题
句内关系
句子简化题
A single sentence in the passage is highlighted. You are then asked
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices 【change the meaning in important ways】 or 【leave out essential information】
正确选项只有两种： 正确选项只有两种：
A+B A和B的概括总结
没有逻辑词 正向思维： 正向思维：框形结构分析法
两种情况： 两种情况：
第一种情况，框≤ 2 第二种情况：框＞2 逆向思维： 逆向思维：
句子简化题总结
第一步：观察句子中是否有逻辑词 逻辑词
逻圈；排除；选定。 50%
句子简化题总结
第二步： 第二步 无逻辑词，看有无并列信息点 概率：10次出1次
句子简化题实质
句子拆分角度 逻辑角度
骨架
+
血肉 脂肪
骨肉相连 逻辑
简单句练习题
简单句练习题一、选择题1. 下面哪个句子是简单句？A. 昨天我去公园散步了。
B. 虽然天气很热，但我还是去跑步了。
C. 这本书是关于历史的。
2. 下列句子中，主语是什么？A. 他每天早上六点起床。
B. 我们班的同学都很友好。
C. 妈妈做的饭很好吃。
3. 下列句子中，谓语是什么？A. 小明在操场上踢足球。
B. 这部电影讲述了一个感人的故事。
C. 春天来了，花儿都开了。
二、填空题1. 请在下列句子中填入适当的名词作为主语： _______ 在图书馆看书。
2. 请在下列句子中填入适当的动词作为谓语：小红 _______ 回家了。
3. 请在下列句子中填入适当的形容词：这件衣服非常 _______。
三、改写句子1. 请将下列句子改为简单句：虽然天气很冷，但是他还是坚持去游泳了。
改写为：_______2. 请将下列句子改为简单句：如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。
改写为：_______四、连词成句1. 请将下列词语连成一句简单句：他们、去、图书馆、学习、了。
连成的句子：_______2. 请将下列词语连成一句简单句：我、昨天、买、了一、本书。
连成的句子：_______五、句型转换1. 请将下列句子转换为否定句：他每天都吃早餐。
转换为：_______2. 请将下列句子转换为疑问句：她喜欢唱歌。
转换为：_______六、综合运用1. 请用简单句描述一下你的同桌：_______2. 请用简单句描述一下你昨天做了什么：_______3. 请用简单句描述一下你的理想：_______七、完成句子我最喜欢的颜色是_______。
我的梦想是成为一名_______。
八、句子排序1. 请将下列句子按正确的顺序排列，形成一句完整的简单句：A. 一个苹果B. 我C. 吃了排序后的句子：_______2. 请将下列句子按正确的顺序排列，形成一句完整的简单句：A. 去年B. 我们C. 去了长城排序后的句子：_______九、同义词替换1. 请用同义词替换下列句子中的划线部分：他_______（跑）得很快。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题含答案解析
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题含答案解析1.The boy who is wearing a red shirt is my classmate.A.The boy is wearing a red shirt.B.The boy wearing a red shirt is my classmate.C.The boy is my classmate.答案解析：B。
原句中“who is wearing a red shirt”是定语从句，简化后可以将“who is”去掉，直接用“wearing a red shirt”作后置定语修饰“boy”。
A 选项缺少了“是我的同学”这个关键信息；C 选项没有体现出穿红衬衫这个特征。
2.The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.A.The book is very interesting.B.The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.C.The book bought yesterday is very interesting.答案解析：C。
原句中“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，简化后可以将“that I”去掉，直接用“bought yesterday”作后置定语修饰“book”。
A 选项缺少了昨天买的这个关键信息；B 选项虽然也对，但不是最简形式。
3.The girl who has long hair is singing a song.A.The girl is singing a song.B.The girl has long hair.C.The girl with long hair is singing a song.答案解析：C。
原句中“who has long hair”是定语从句，简化后可以用“with long hair”作后置定语修饰“girl”。
简化句子题
1.The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.2.He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.3.For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.4.Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior.5.One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down.6.The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy,whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.7.The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses.8.Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.9.Although her early theatrical career had included stints as an actress, she was not primarily interested in storytelling or expressing emotions through dance; the drama of her dancing emanated from her visual effects.10.One explanation for green icebergs attributes their color to an optical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but green icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs under a great variety of light conditions.。
句子缩写练习题四年级
句子缩写练习题四年级句子缩写练习题（四年级）一、什么是句子缩写？句子缩写是通过缩写单词或词组的方式，把复杂的句子缩短为简洁明了的形式。
句子缩写能够帮助我们更快地理解和记忆句子的含义。
二、句子缩写的常见规则1. 句子缩写通常使用首字母缩写的形式。
例如：I am a student. 可以缩写为 I am a s。
2. 句子缩写时，要保留句子的主要信息，缩写后的结果应该能够准确表达句子的意思。
三、句子缩写练习题1. What is your name?缩写为：W is y n?2. How are you today?缩写为：H are y t?3. I like playing football.缩写为：I l p f。
4. We are going to the park.缩写为：W are g t t p。
5. Can you help me with my homework?缩写为：C y h m w m h？6. She has a big house.缩写为：S h a b h。
7. My favorite color is blue.缩写为：M f c i b。
8. They are good friends.缩写为：T are g f。
9. Where is the library?缩写为：W is t l？10. I want to eat an apple.缩写为：I w t e a a。
四、句子缩写练习的好处通过进行句子缩写练习，我们可以提高对英语句子的理解能力，加深记忆，并能更快地完成课堂作业。
句子缩写还能帮助我们在日常交流中更加迅捷地表达自己的意思，提高语言表达的效率。
五、总结句子缩写是一种通过缩写单词或词组的方式，将复杂的句子简化为简洁明了的形式。
通过这种方式的练习，我们可以提高对英语句子的理解和记忆能力，同时也能够更加迅捷地进行日常交流。
希望以上的句子缩写练习题能够帮助你更好地掌握句子缩写的技巧。
托福阅读-句子简化题
练习题三
要点一
总结词
识别句子中的修饰成分
要点二
详细描述
练习题三要求考生识别句子中的修饰成分，如形容词、副 词、介词短语等，并理解其在句子中的作用。通过练习， 考生可以增强对句子细节的把握能力，提高对复杂句子的 理解水平。
05备考建议与总结提高阅读速度与理解能力
大量阅读
01
通过阅读英文原著、新闻、学术论文等，提高阅读速度和理解
03
句子简化题实例解析
题目展示与解析
题目
The company has a strong commitment to environmental protection, and it has taken several measures to reduce its carbon footprint.
总结词
理解句子结构
VS
详细描述
通过练习题一，考生可以加深对句子结构 的理解，掌握如何识别主语、谓语、宾语 以及从句等关键成分，从而更好地理解句 子的意义。
练习题二
总结词
提炼句子主干
详细描述
练习题二要求考生提炼句子的主干，即主谓 宾结构，从而把握句子的核心信息。通过练 习，考生可以提高快速筛选关键信息的能力， 有助于在考试中快速理解文章内容。
修饰成分分析
修饰成分分析
在提取主干后，需要分析句子的修饰成分，如定语、状语等，这些成分对句子的意义和逻辑关系起到补充和修饰 的作用。
示例
原句“The scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effects of radiation on plants.” 的修饰 成分是“to determine the effects of radiation on plants”（为了确定辐射对植物的影响），补充说明了实验 的目的。
句子简化题
• In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions as the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green and yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.（逻辑错误）
• Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor, these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also in the green-to-yellow range. (√)
• In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions as the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green and yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.（逻辑错误）
Sentence Simplifi. 5.
句子简化题解题步骤 通读全句 找出句子主干，梳理句子主要内容 寻找逻辑关系 选项对比（排除法） 选出正确答案
• 1.The west had plenty of attractions: the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rock, sterile land and to southeastern famers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. NOTE • Because the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil was more productive. （没有被吸引的对象farmers）
句子练习题100
句子练习题100一、简单句练习1. The cat sat on the mat.2. I like chocolate ice cream.3. She sings beautifully.4. They ran in the park.5. He plays tennis every Saturday.二、并列句练习1. I love to swim, and my brother loves to run.2. She is good at painting, but he prefers playing music.3. The book is interesting, yet it is also challenging.4. We can either go to the movies or have dinner at a nice restaurant.5. He didn't study for the test; therefore, he didn't do well.三、复合句练习1. Although it was raining, we still went for a walk.2. I will help you clean the house if you cook dinner.3. He is studying for his exam so that he can get a good grade.4. It is important to exercise regularly because it benefits our health.5. She bought a new dress since the old one didn't fit anymore.四、状语从句练习1. I will go shopping after I finish my homework.2. He felt tired because he stayed up late.3. She ran fast so that she could catch the bus.4. They went to the beach although it was cloudy.5. We can watch a movie as long as we finish our work.五、定语从句练习1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. The girl who won the competition is my best friend.3. This is the house where I grew up.4. The cake that she baked tastes delicious.5. The person whom I met at the party is a famous actor.六、宾语从句练习1. She asked me where I was going.2. I know that he likes to play soccer.3. They wonder if it will rain tomorrow.4. He didn't hear what she said.5. Do you remember when we first met?。
句子简化题
句子简化题(1) 句子简化的两个层面: 语义和逻辑(2) 常见的逻辑关系转换----四大“明显”/ “隐含”关系句子简化题解题步骤１）寻找给定句子中的逻辑关系：因果＼比较＼最高级＼否定．２）确定与逻辑相关的语义：原因和结果，比较：三要素比较主体，比较点，比较结果作用对象最简化原则３）验证选项，选择与题干逻辑和相关语义均一致的选项，先验证逻辑（由主到次）再验证语义．●：逻辑关系的等价转化⏹否定◆明显的否定关系特色词汇：no, not, none, neither, nor, never, deny◆隐含的否定关系特色词汇fail to, lack of/lack, absent from, refuse, ignore, removefew, little, 否定词缀less.⏹因果◆明显的因果关系特色词汇because / because of, since, for, as, due to,owing to,in that, so, so that,as a result, therefore, there by,hence, consequently, accordingly, thus◆隐含的因果关系特色词汇①表示导致含义, 包括使役动词: lead to, cause, result,result in, give rise to,render, produce, make, support, stimulate, spur,spark, fuel,motivate, prompt, let， promote, be responsible for.②由……而来: come from, result from, originate,derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attributableto, be responsive to.③反映,体现: reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.④考虑到…, 依赖…: given, considering, on accountof, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, dependon, resort to.⑤条件关系词: if, when, while, once, as, as soon as, as long as, 虚拟条件句.⑥分词短语\不定式\独立主格作状语◆明显的比较关系特色词汇同级比较 as…as比较级 more than◆隐含的比较关系特色词汇a. “变化——量”: change, vary, alter, modify, revise,increase, decrease, create, destroy,b.“趋势”develop, improve, progress, advance, grow,degenerate,continue = remain = stay = stable = still.——同级比较，稳定的趋势c. “差异”: same, different, match.d. “超越”: surpass, exceed, transcend, excel, over.——递进⏹最高级◆明显的最高级特色词汇-est/ 比较级the most important/ most significantly◆隐含的最高级特色词汇隐含最高级\绝对化关系的特色词汇:a. 自身含有最高级含义: maximum, minimum, outstanding,extreme, favoritepeak, topb. 否定加比较: nothing can better than thatNo one could be better than him.c. 程度较深的词: surprisingly, amazingly,prohibitively(修饰价格的high)extremelyeg.All of these factors led to a war between the North and South which would be the bloodiest in the nation’s history.(A) There are many reasons for the war in which many people died than any other war.(B) During the war, there are more casualties in the south and north than in the east and west.(C) The only one reason contributed to the war which is the worst in the world history.(D) Many people died because of lack of blood transfusion which led to a war.The people on both sides suffered, and that suffering was worse because it was inflicted by people who had been their countrymen, and even their brothers(A) If the war had not been with their brothers, there would have been no pain.(B) If the war had not taken place in the countryside, there would have been less pain.(C) If the war had been with other nations, the results would have been worse.(D) If the war had not been with the same race, the pain would havebeen much less.Eg.3 There can be no argument, however, that the Civil War was the most painful period in American’s history.(A) Discussing the matter is worthless to everybody.(B) The vast m ajority of people accept the statement of fact.(C) It is impossible to hold a different opinion.(D) It is illegal to hold a different opinion.。
句子简化题 专项
句子简化题专项练习简单1.OG-1 The Origins of CetaceansWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.本句主干：The structure of the backbone shows本句逻辑：本句话翻译：脊椎的构造表明，她可以像现在鲸类一样上下移动身体尾部，尽管他没有尾巴2.OG-2 Desert FormationParagraph 10:Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.本句主干：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected本句逻辑：本句话翻译：沙漠化的极端严重性，受到大片的土地和大量的人的影响，以及很困难去扭转或者减缓这一过程3.OG-5 Artisans and IndustrializationWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.本句主干：Apprentices were considered part of the family本句逻辑：本句话翻译：学徒通常被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅的责任不仅仅是教他们手艺还为他们提供教育和监督他们的品行道德4.OG-6 Swimming MachinesWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thein the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○These fishes often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.本句主干：opening the mouth to breathe本句逻辑：本句话翻译：一个潜在的问题是张开嘴呼吸会破坏鱼的流线型和减缓速度5.TPO 01 3 Timberline Vegetation on MountainsWhich of the sentences below best express the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likelyto be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increases with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.本句主干：Wind velocity also increases with altitude本句逻辑：本句话翻译：风速也随着高度的增加而增加，可能会引起树木的严重的压力，在高海拔地区的变形的形状是很明显的。
简写句子练习题
简写句子练习题简写句子是一种常见的写作技巧，在有限的空间内尽可能表达更多的信息。
对于练习简写句子的人来说，这是一项有趣而富有挑战性的任务。
在本文中，我们将介绍一些简写句子的练习题，以帮助读者提升简写句子的能力。
练习题一：连词省略1. 原句：我喜欢吃巧克力，我也喜欢吃冰淇淋。
简写句：我喜欢吃巧克力，也喜欢吃冰淇淋。
2. 原句：他是一个优秀的运动员，他还是一个出色的音乐家。
简写句：他是一个优秀的运动员，还是一个出色的音乐家。
3. 原句：这个房间既大又明亮，这个房间还非常干净。
简写句：这个房间既大又明亮，还非常干净。
练习题二：动词省略1. 原句：他常常游泳，他也经常打篮球。
简写句：他常常游泳，也经常打篮球。
2. 原句：她爱读书，她还喜欢写作。
简写句：她爱读书，还喜欢写作。
3. 原句：他学习很努力，他也参加了许多社团活动。
简写句：他学习很努力，也参加了许多社团活动。
练习题三：名词省略1. 原句：我喜欢吃苹果，我也喜欢吃香蕉。
简写句：我喜欢吃苹果，也喜欢吃香蕉。
2. 原句：他是一位医生，他还是一位科学家。
简写句：他是一位医生，还是一位科学家。
3. 原句：这是我的书，这是我的笔。
简写句：这是我的书，也是我的笔。
练习题四：形容词省略1. 原句：这个小伙子聪明，这个小伙子还很有责任感。
简写句：这个小伙子聪明，还很有责任感。
2. 原句：这个城市繁华，这个城市还很美丽。
简写句：这个城市繁华，还很美丽。
3. 原句：这个餐厅食物美味，这个餐厅服务也很周到。
简写句：这个餐厅食物美味，服务也很周到。
通过以上练习题，我们可以看到简写句子对于表达清晰的能力要求非常高。
在实际写作中，我们可以根据需要使用简写句子来增加文章的紧凑度和流畅性。
然而，为了避免造成歧义，我们在使用简写句子时需要慎重考虑，并确保句意明确清晰。
小学三年级按要求改写句子 (简化题目)
小学三年级按要求改写句子 (简化题目)1. 原句：爸爸正在看电视。
改写句：爸爸正在观看电视。
2. 原句：我在公园里玩。
改写句：我正在公园里游戏。
3. 原句：妈妈正在厨房里做饭。
改写句：妈妈正在厨房里烹饪。
4. 原句：这个小狗很可爱。
改写句：这只小狗很可爱。
5. 原句：我们一起去购物吧。
改写句：咱们一起去购物吧。
6. 原句：她的生日是在九月。
改写句：她的生日在九月。
7. 原句：这个篮球场很大。
改写句：篮球场很大。
8. 原句：明天要去上学。
改写句：明天要去上学了。
9. 原句：小明昨天生病了。
改写句：小明昨天病了。
10. 原句：我喜欢吃冰淇淋。
改写句：我喜欢吃冰激凌。
11. 原句：我们在夏天去游泳。
改写句：我们在夏天游泳。
12. 原句：这个故事很有趣。
改写句：这故事很有趣。
13. 原句：那只小猫很聪明。
改写句：那只小猫很聪慧。
14. 原句：他的生日派对很好玩。
改写句：他的生日派对非常有趣。
15. 原句：这本书讲了一个故事。
改写句：这本书描写了一个故事。
16. 原句：他们在午饭时聊天。
改写句：他们在午饭时闲聊。
17. 原句：我和朋友一起打篮球。
改写句：我和朋友一起篮球。
18. 原句：我为你准备了礼物。
改写句：我为你准备礼物。
19. 原句：我们在大街上散步。
改写句：我们在大街上漫步。
20. 原句：这是我的房间。
改写句：这是我房间。
以上是按要求改写的句子，希望对您有帮助。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题(答案解析)
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题(答案解析)1.The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.A.The book is very interesting.B.I bought the book yesterday.C.The book I bought is interesting.D.Yesterday I bought a book.答案解析：C。
原句中“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰“book”，简化时可去掉定语从句，保留句子主干“The book I bought is interesting”。
2.The man who is wearing a hat is my teacher.A.The man is my teacher.B.The man is wearing a hat.C.My teacher is wearing a hat.D.The man with a hat is my teacher.答案解析：A。
“who is wearing a hat”是定语从句修饰“man”，简化后为“The man is my teacher”。
3.The girl whose hair is long is beautiful.A.The girl is beautiful.B.The girl has long hair.C.The beautiful girl has long hair.D.The girl with long hair is beautiful.答案解析：D。
“whose hair is long”是定语从句修饰“girl”，可改为“The girl with long hair is beautiful”。
4.The house which is big and beautiful is mine.A.The house is mine.B.The house is big and beautiful.C.My house is big and beautiful.D.The big and beautiful house is mine.答案解析：D。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题40题
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题40题1.The boy who is wearing a red hat is my friend.A.The boy is my friend.B.The boy wearing a red hat is my friend.C.The boy who wearing a red hat is my friend.答案：B。
解析：原句中“who is wearing a red hat”是定语从句，简化时可以去掉“who is”，直接用“wearing a red hat”作后置定语修饰“boy”。
选项 A 没有体现出戴红帽子这个特征；选项 C 中“who wearing”语法错误，缺少“is”。
2.The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.A.The book is very interesting.B.The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.C.The book which bought yesterday is very interesting.答案：B。
解析：“which I bought yesterday”是定语从句，简化时可直接保留“book”的后置定语“I bought yesterday”。
选项A 没有具体说明是哪本书；选项C 中“which bought”语法错误，缺少主语“I”。
3.The girl who has long hair is singing.A.The girl is singing.B.The girl has long hair and is singing.C.The girl who has long hair and is singing.答案：A。
解析：原句中“who has long hair”是定语从句，简化时去掉该从句，只保留“girl”作主语和“is singing”这个谓语。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题含答案解析
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题含答案解析1.The boy who is wearing a red hat is my friend.A.The boy wearing a red hat is my friend.B.The boy is wearing a red hat and he is my friend.C.The boy who wears a red hat is my friend.答案解析：A。
选项 A 是将定语从句简化为现在分词短语作后置定语，正确。
选项B 是两个简单句，不是简化形式。
选项C 虽然语法正确，但不是简化形式。
2.The girl who has long hair is very beautiful.A.The girl having long hair is very beautiful.B.The girl is very beautiful and she has long hair.C.The girl who have long hair is very beautiful.答案解析：A。
选项A 是简化形式，现在分词短语having long hair 作后置定语，正确。
选项B 不是简化形式。
选项C 中who 后的动词have 形式错误，应该是has。
3.The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous.A.The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.B.The book is very famous and it was written by Lu Xun.C.The book which write by Lu Xun is very famous.答案解析：A。
选项A 是简化形式，过去分词短语written by Lu Xun 作后置定语，正确。
选项B 不是简化形式。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题(带答案)
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题(带答案)1. The girl who is standing there is my sister.A. The girl standing there is my sisterB. The girl stands there is my sisterC. Standing there the girl is my sisterD. The girl is standing there my sister答案：A。
解析：原句是含有定语从句的复合句，关系代词who 在从句中作主语，从句的谓语是is standing，在简化时，可以将定语从句中的关系代词和be动词省略，直接用现在分词standing作后置定语来修饰the girl。
2. I like the book which was written by Lu Xun.A. I like the book written by Lu XunB. I like the book writing by Lu XunC. I like Lu Xun writing the bookD. I like the book by written Lu Xun答案：A。
解析：原句中which引导定语从句修饰book，从句的谓语是was written，这里可以将which was省略，直接用过去分词written作后置定语修饰book，表示被动关系。
3. The man who has a lot of money is very kind.A. The man having a lot of money is very kindB. The man has a lot of money is very kindC. Having a lot of money the man is very kindD. A lot of money the man having is very kind答案：A。
九年级英语句型简化单选题45题
九年级英语句型简化单选题45题1. I don't know when we will start the meeting.A. I don't know when starting the meetingB. I don't know when to start the meetingC. I don't know when start the meetingD. I don't know when started the meeting答案：B解析：原句是一个宾语从句，要将其转化为简单句。
“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以用来简化宾语从句。
A选项形式错误；C选项缺少to，动词原形不能直接放在特殊疑问词后；D选项形式完全错误。
2. She was so tired that she couldn't keep her eyes open.A. She was too tired to keep her eyes openB. She was very tired to keep her eyes openC. She was so tired not to keep her eyes openD. She was such tired that she couldn't keep her eyes open答案：A解析：原句是“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。
“too...to...”结构可以用来表示“太...而不能...”，可以进行简化转换。
B选项“very...to...”这种结构不存在；C选项“so...not to...”结构错误；D选项“such”修饰名词，这里tired是形容词，用法错误。
3. The boy is so young that he can't go to school.A. The boy is too young to go to schoolB. The boy is very young to go to schoolC. The boy is so young not to go to schoolD. The boy is such young that he can't go to school答案：A解析：原句为“so...that...”结构的复合句。
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题答案解析
七年级英语复杂句简化练习题30题答案解析1.The boy who is wearing a red shirt is my classmate.A.The boy is wearing a red shirt.B.The boy wearing a red shirt is my classmate.C.The boy who wearing a red shirt is my classmate.答案解析：B。
本题考查定语从句的简化。
定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作主语且谓语动词是be 动词时，可以省略关系代词和be 动词。
A 选项缺少“是我的同学”这一关键信息；C 选项who 后面不能直接跟现在分词wearing。
2.The girl who has long hair is very beautiful.A.The girl has long hair.B.The girl with long hair is very beautiful.C.The girl who having long hair is very beautiful.答案解析：B。
定语从句简化可以将“who has”简化为“with”。
A 选项缺少“很漂亮”的信息；C 选项who 后面不能直接跟现在分词having。
3.The book that is on the desk is mine.A.The book is on the desk.B.The book on the desk is mine.C.The book that on the desk is mine.答案解析：B。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语且谓语动词是be 动词时，可以省略关系代词和be 动词。
A 选项没有表达出“是我的”；C 选项that 后面缺少be 动词。
4.The man who is standing over there is my teacher.A.The man is standing over there.B.The man standing over there is my teacher.C.The man who standing over there is my teacher.答案解析：B。
句子简化题
句子简化题
• Some parasites are much more destructive than others, however. Newly established parasite/host relationships are likely to be more destructive than those that have along evolutionary history. With a longstanding interaction between the parasite and the host, the two species generally evolve in such a way that they can accommodate one another. • Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? • A. A parasite is less likely to destroy the host when it attaches itself at first • B. Parasites that have lived on a host for a long time have probably done a lot of damage. • C. The most destructive phase for a host is when the parasite first invades it. • D. The relationship between a parasite and a host will evolve over time.
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幻灯片 13
• A.Humans are directly influenced by some changes and it is not known to what extent dry land has been affected by each element. • B. Humans are not impacted by changes, but how much each factor leads to dry land is clear. • C.Humans have an immediate effect on all changes and it is not made public how much each factor gives rise to dry land. • D. It is not clear how much each element leads to dry land changes, so critics do not believe that changes have an immediate effect on humans. • 幻灯片 14
• The struture of the backbone shows,however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.
1. 逻辑关系与原句一致
主要四种句子逻辑关系
• • • • 因果关系 比较关系(转折关系) 最高级 否定关系
• .......
• 因果关系 • because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, thereby, hence, consequently, accordingly.
• Because of this,some see desertification as essentially a humancaused problem affecting humans. Critics of this view argue that humans are just one of many concurrent factors causing desertification, Reynolds said. Another major factor is climate, especially drought. Critics add that not all changes have an immediate or direct impact on humans, and that how much each factor contributes to dry land deterioration is not clear.
• The struture of the backbone shows,however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. • 幻灯片 17
• Because of this,some see desertification as essentially a human-caused problem affecting humans. Critics of this view argue that humans are just one of many concurrent factors causing desertification, Reynolds said. Another major factor is climate, especially drought. Critics add that not all changes have an immediate or direct impact on humans, and that how much each factor contributes to dry land deterioration is not clear. • Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
Vocabulary
desertification
anti-desertification
2.基本意思与原句一致
• The struture of the backbone shows,however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. • Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
• Because of this,some see desertification as essentially a human-caused problem affecting humans. Critics of this view argue that humans are just one of many concurrent factors causing desertification, Reynolds said. Another major factor is climate, especially drought. Critics add that not all changes have an immediate or direct impact on humans, and that how much each factor contributes to dry land deterioration is not clear. • 幻灯片 13
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• It is doubtless that the old man on the dark blue bus is drawing a lot of attention from the passersby. The old man is drawing attention.
解题原则 • 1、不需要大量阅读，精读一句话 • 2、原句谈论的主体不变 • 3、正确答案只表达了主要信息 • 4、原句逻辑关系不变
Vocabulary
Ambulocetus fluke
有代表性的的核心信息
总 结
解题原则 • 1、不需要大量阅读，精读一句话 • 2、原句谈论的主体不变 • 3、正确答案只表达了主要信息 • 4、原句逻辑关系不变
• 隐含因果关系：lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, support, support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt. • 表示由……而来的: come from, result from, originate, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attibutable to, be responsive to. • 表示反映,体现的: reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate. • 表示考虑到…, 依赖…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to.
幻灯片 17
• A. Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone. • B. The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke. • C. Although Amebulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales. • D. By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam. • 幻灯片 18
本质：
• 找到句子主干，并且进行正确的改写
主谓宾
paraphrase