官厅水库流域水生态环境问题及总体修复方案

Joint Chinese - German Technical Project

“Technical solutions for the sustainable water supply of Beijing

from the Yongding River Basin"

官厅水库流域水生态环境问题及总体修复方案

Water Environment Problem and Integrated Restore Strategy for Guanting Reservoir and Yongding River Basin

北京市水务局刘培斌教授

1. 流域概况及存在的水生态环境问题

流域概况Situation of GR basin

官厅水库坝址以上流域面积43402km2，地跨内蒙、山西、河北及北京，水库总库容41.6亿m3。

The basin area upstream Guanting dam is 43402km2 and it goes across Provinces of Inner Mon-golia, Shanxi , Hebei and Beijing. The total capacity of Guanting reservoir is 4.16 billion m3.

流域水生态环境问题 The ecological environment problems in GR basin

随着上游地区社会经济的发展，官厅水库流域水生态环境逐年恶化。

(1) 入库水量逐年减少

(2)上游地区污染排放增加

(3) 库岸淘刷，塌岸严重

(4) 底泥淤积，内源污染

1997年因水污染被迫退出饮用水供水系统。

针对北京水资源紧缺形势，国务院提出“稳定密云、挽救官厅，恢复官厅水库饮用水源地功能”的治理目标。北京市水务局为此组织开展了大量的调查和科学研究，经过众多专家和技术人员两年的联合攻关，完成20多项专题研究，提出了官厅水库流域总体治理方案。研究主要成果如下：With the development of the society and economy upstream of Guanting dam, the water ecological environment deteriorates year by year.

The income water quantity decreases year by year;

The pollution upstream increases

Bank erosion and collapsing situation is severely

The bottom sediment accumulates much and the inner pollution is heavy

In 1997 the Guanting reservoir lost its function of the drinkable water supplying

The severe situation of Guanting causes the high concern of the State Council, and it is de-manded that Guanting reservoir should renew its water supply function a.s.a.p. According to the “Plan” approved by State Council, BWA organized the investigation, research and experiment, and finally brought out the general renew plan.

Through many experts two years studying, we completed more than 20 special research topics and get the following results:

水生态环境研究结果Water ecological environment investigation result

(1)查清了官厅水库污染来源、污染物分布和贡献率

The pollution sources, distribution and contribution investigate

①官厅水库主要污染物质是氨氮、COD和总磷。

②年入库污水总量为9328万m3。其中永定河入库8600万m3 ，妫水河入库540万m3 ，库区周边188万m3 。

③山峡区年污水排放506万m3。

④官厅水库污染物贡献率分布点源65-70%、面源20-30%、内源（底泥）5-10%。

9The main pollutant in GR is NH3-N, COD and TP

9The sewage water quantity into the GR is 93.28 million m3, among which Yongdinghe is 86 million m3, Guishuihe is 5.4 million m3 and nearby GR is 1.88 million m3.

9The sewage water in the Yongding valley downstream of GR is about 5.06 million m3.

9The point pollution is 65-70%, non-point pollution is 20-30% and the inner pollution (bottom sediment) is 5-10%.

(2)开展了污染控制技术措施研究The pollution control technologies and measurements study

开展人工湿地、生态护岸、底泥污染释放、微污染水源深度净化、自然能曝气充氧等多项技术研究。获取了超百万组数据，取得多个单项和综合技术成果。

We made experiment of constructed wetland, biological way to protect the bank, sediment releas-ing, light polluted water purification, using natural energy to aeration, etc. We have got more than one million sets of data and got several special and comprehensive technologies.

2. 总体修复方案The integrated renew plan

治理原则Treatment principle

治理方案依据流域上、中、下游相结合，点、线、面相结合，软硬件相结合和源头控制的原则，借鉴国内外类似工程经验，综合考虑物理、化学和生物生态等方法。

According to the principle of the following: combined together of upstream, middle stream and downstream of the catchment, software and hardware combined together and source control, refer to the foreign experience, and combine the physical, chemical and biological methods we bring out the general plan.

方案分区Different area of the plan

方案分两大区域：官厅入库口上游永定河流域、库区周边及下游北京区域。

The plan can be separated into two big areas: upstream of GR, around and downstream of GR