课时作业十一
2025版《师说》高中全程复习构想英语(外研版)课时作业(十一)
课时作业(十一)必修第二册Unit 5On the roadⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三第一次质量监测]Do you want to learn English onlinequickly and easily? Are you looking for English materials for your company? Finding an academy that can provide excellent materials isn't easy. But Learn Hot English has the solution!In our facetoface and online business English courses, we offer very practical English books. In addition, we also develop English content for specific industries of our customers. In this way, employees can better manage in English in the working environment.Practice English ConversationsThis eBook will make conversations in English so much easier. There are over 30 audio files with typical conversations, and exercises with answers at the back so you can practice what you've learnt.Travel EnglishLearn over 1，000 English words and 300 expressions so you can speak English fluently when you travel outside your country! Learn the language in over 30 typical situations and make travelling abroad easy with this eBook!Business EnglishLearn over 500 words and 300 expressions to improve your business English. This eBook comes with audio files and videos so you can learn the language you need to do business in English.IdiomsLearn 250 idioms with audio files, example sentences and images. This eBook will help you understand the meanings of the most useful idioms in English. Learn the language easily and quickly with our fun methods.Phrasal VerbsLearn over 250 phrasal verbs and learn how to say them with the audio files. Native English speakers use phrasal verbs all the time, so you need to learn them too. Start improving this important area of English NOW with our fantastic eBook.1．Which eBook should you choose if you want to practice after learning?A．Practice English Conversations.B．Travel English.C．Business English.D．Phrasal Verbs.2．The eBook idioms features ________．A．30 typical situationsB．the combination of education and funC．the largest number of English idiomsD．video files3．The eBooks are intended for those ________．A．who will study abroadB．who are fond of reading booksC．who are expert in teaching EnglishD．who may use English in their workB[2024·湖北省高三上学期期中试题]Soaring to 29，035 feet, the famous Mount Everest hadlong been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glaciercovered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.On May 28，1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人) set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a. m．next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.At 11：30 a. m．，the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.”Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He was also a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”4．What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition?A．His undisputed reputation.B．His remarkable physical condition.C．His previous training on Mount Everest.D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.5．What does the Hillary Step refer to?A．A mistake Hillary avoided making.B．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered.C．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow.D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped.6．What was Hillary's initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest?A．Overwhelming joy.B．Enormous pride.C．Complete disbelief.D．A touch of astonishment.7．What was the impact of Hillary's achievement on mountaineering?A．It opens up possibilities for other climbers.B．It enabled him to give back to his hometown.C．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.D．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.C[2024·上海交通大学附中摸底考试]Manufacturers of products that claim to beenvironmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.The commission's revised “Green Guides” warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like “ecofriendly”. Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.“This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product，” said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the ecolabeling game.In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, classaction lawsuits (集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using “Greenlist” labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.“We will prevail in these cases，”Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that “this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.”Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims.David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.“About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry，” said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. “It's kind of a Wild West. Anybody can claim themselves to be green.” Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.8．What do the revised “Green Guides” require businesses to do?A．Manufacture as many green products as possible.B．Indicate whether their products are recyclable.C．Specify in what way their products are green.D．Attach green labels to all of their products.9．What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?A.They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.B．They have to spend lots of time choosing products.C.They have doubt about current green certification.D．They are not clear which products are truly green.10．What does the underlined word “prevail” mean in the 8th paragraph?A．Win. B．Fail.C．Struggle. D．Benefit.11．What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying “It's kind of a Wild West”？A．Businesses compete to produce green products.B．Each business acts its own way in green labeling.C．Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.D.Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.D[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，D]As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living inurban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human wellbeing.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred parkgoers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the humannature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.12．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A．Pocket parks are now popular.B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C．Many cities are overpopulated.D．People enjoy living close to nature.13．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A．To compare different types of parkgoers.B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.C．To analyze the main features of the park.D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries.14．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C．The same nature experience takes different forms.D．The nature language enhances work performance.15．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A．Language study.B．Environmental conservation.C．Public education.D．Intercultural communication.Ⅱ.七选五[2024·山东省泰安市期中试题]Breaking the Habit of PeoplePleasingIf you feel like you may be a peoplepleaser, you're not alone. Most people have a growing desire for pleasing others.__1__ It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decisionmaking, and low selfworth. For that reason, it's important to recognize and overcome your own peoplepleasing behaviors. Here are simple exercises that you can start working on today.•Practice being alone__2__ Trust that people will not abandon you, even if you don't drop everything for them. Believe you are lovable for who you are, not what you do. Practice this by going to a movie or restaurant alone.•Keep plans with yourself__3__ Otherwise, you are sending a message to your brain that a plan you make with yourself does not hold as much value as a plan you make with someone else. Don't break any plans you make with yourself, whether it's going to the gym or studying for an exam.•Practice saying “no”If you're a peoplepleaser you may find it hard to say “no” because you feel it comes across as cruel or uncaring.__4__ Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I would really love to be able to help you, but unfortunately, I'm already committed at that time.”By consistently integrating these strategies into your life, I'm confident you'll break your peoplepleasing habits. __5__ This will yield an overall improvement in selfconfidence and life satisfaction.A．So it is not necessary to say no.B．But it absolutely does not have to.C．Learn to love your own company.D．You'll develop more healthy, interdependent relationships.E．You are not confident about the plans you make with yourself.F．Your own plans are as important as plans you make with others.G．Peoplepleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical problems.[答题区]1．____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________。
课时作业11：Unit 2 Poems
Unit 2 PoemsⅠ.单词拼写1．Have you got any ________(具体的)proposals as to what we should do?2．Don't get upset. I was only ________(逗着玩)．3．The source of the river lies in Tibet and its ________(支流)cover much of the country. 4．We are facing two ________(引起矛盾的)suggestions so we don't know what to do next. 5．Our plan needs to be ________(灵活的)enough to meet the needs of everyone.6．A generator ________(转变)mechanical energy into electricity.7．We have turned this school into a________(托儿所)．8．The murders all seem to follow a similar________(模式)．9．We didn't know how they________(运送)these stones over 380 miles without modern machines.10．________(最终)，the sky cleared up and we went to the beach.Ⅱ.单项填空1．With the children ________a loud noise in the room，I had great difficulty in paying attention to my study.A．to make B．made C．making D．have made2．I used to hate being ________ about my red hair when I was at school.A．dressed B．scolded C．teased D．bothered3．There was such a long queue for coffee that we ________gave up.A．eventually B．unfortunately C．generously D．happily4．These behavior ________are typical of this age group.A．designs B．patterns C．models D．samples5．It's a surprise that the faraway village has been ________into a famous tourist city in only ten years.A．divided B．transformed C．made D．broken6．The committee ________five famous scientists put forward a valuable plan at the end of the conference.A．was made up of B．was made from C．made from D．made up of7．I went along thinking of nothing________，only looking at things around me.A．in particular B．in harmony C．in doubt D．in brief8．—I'm still working on my project.—Oh，you'll miss the deadline. Time is ________．A．running out B．going out C．giving out D．losing out9．A good teacher must know how to ________ his ideas.A．convey B．display C．consult D．adapt10. ________ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.A．Since B．Once C．Unless D．While11．—We should adopt ________ methods to deal with some incidents. You know，anything could occur in that situation.—I got it. Thank you for reminding me.A．flexible B．typical C．positive D．concrete12．We all know that，________，the situation will get worse.A．not if dealt carefully withB．if not carefully dealt withC．if dealt not carefully withD．not if carefully dealt with13．—My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?—________．A．If you don't mind B．Not at allC．Take it easy D．Nice to meet you14．Every child is ________，with their own needs，preferences and talents. A．contradictory B．similar C．original D．unique15．This company has many ________ all over the country.A．brands B．branches C．symbols D．marksⅢ.完形填空Reading and writing __1__ is a very personal experience. Poets use language as a way of __2__ their feelings，whether positive ones of love, happiness and hope，or negative feelings like __3__ and fear. Poems can describe the beauty of nature, a person, a dream or a memorable event. Most __4__ have tried writing poetry at some time，for example at school. For children，it is a good way to explore language and have __5__ with words as well as to express themselves.But teachers and psychologists have found another use for poetry as a form of therapy(治疗)to help people with problems.__6__ are benefits for people of all different backgrounds and ages. Writing poetry can help people deal with __7__ in their lives—death or feelings of sadness，drug or alcohol problems or serious illness. By writing down your feelings，__8__ can learn to understand yourself better and give yourself a voice if you feel you are being ignored. A poem might be a way of telling someone something when you do not feel able to talk about it __9__．And just because people are __10__ or having difficulties in their lives, it doesn't mean they have lost their sense of humour. Poems __11__ as therapy can be funny too, as laughter is also considered to be very good medicine.Students at a special school in Dudley，in England，read and write poems __12__．Their reason for writing poems is not just to __13__ creative. All of them have problems. Some of them have long－term __14__ conditions，such as cancer, while others have personality disorders or psychological problems. By writing poems students are growing __15__ self－confidence. The poems provide a channel through __16__ they can communicate with the world，and express their feelings. They __17__ help them to recognize and explore their problems and to develop a positive attitude to life.But the poems are helping __18__ people, too. The school has collected some of the students' poems and published them in a book which is __19__ to raise funds for a local hospital. The book has proved very popular，giving students __20__ sense of achievement.1．A. poem B．the poems C．poet D．poetry2．A. expressing B．expression C．expresses D．expressed3．A. excitement B．anger C．darkness D．joy4．A. people B．students C．writers D．teachers5．A. game B．fun C．smile D．food6．A. There B．It C．This D．That7．A. branches B．changes C．exercises D．lines8．A.I B．they C．she D．you9．A. shoulder to shoulder B．face to face C．hand in hand D．eye to eye10．A. hungry B．ill C．thirsty D．happy11．A. said B．spoken C．seen D．written12．A. some time B．everyday C．every day D．sometime13．A./B．be C．is D．are14．A. salty B．scientific C．natural D．medical15．A. in B．on C．from D．at16．A. who B．which C．that D．when17．A. either B．too C．yet D．also18．A. another B．the other C．other D．the others19．A. sells B．sell C．being sold D．being selling20．A. a B．an C．/D．theⅣ.阅读理解Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.A VOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct. )cost ￡169.15 at Booking. com. A week later, the same room cost ￡118. 15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid—or you're looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAY AW AY FROM THE STA TION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Don't be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge's Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was ￡95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75. And at Farringdon，a double room cost just ￡62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune，especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self－catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O'Neill Flat on Edinburgh's Royal Mile，available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKE London's ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day)．1．The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may________．A．help travelers pass timeB．attract lots of travelers to the UKC．allow travelers to make flexible plansD．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation2．“Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably________．A．a hotel away from the train stationB．the tube line to Covent GardenC．an ideal holiday destinationD．the name of a travel agency3．The passage shows that the O'Neill Flat________．A．lies on the ground floorB．is located in central LondonC．provides cooking facilities for touristsD．costs over ￡100 on average per day in late September4．Cardiff's program allows a free bike for a maximum period of________．A．half an hour B．．one hourC．one hour and a half D．two hours5．The main purpose of the passage is________．A．to tell visitors how to book in advanceB．to supply visitors with hotel informationC．to show visitors the importance of self－helpD．to offer visitors some money－saving tipsⅤ.翻译句子1．若有必要，我就去。
2023新教材高考语文二轮专题复习课时作业(十一) 文言文语句的翻译(含答案)
课时作业(十一)文言文语句的翻译精准对练一关注单音节文言文实词的翻译1．阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
安乐令吴汉、护军盖延、狐奴令王梁亦劝彭宠从秀，宠以为然。
而官属皆欲附王郎，宠不能夺。
汉出止外亭，遇一儒生，召而食之，问以所闻。
生言：“大司马刘公，所过为郡县所称，邯郸举尊号者，实非刘氏。
”汉大喜，即诈为秀书，移檄渔阳，使生赍以诣宠，令具以所闻说之。
会寇恂至，宠乃发步骑三千人，以吴汉行长史，与盖延、王梁将之，南攻蓟，杀王郎大将赵闳。
……秀乃悉召景丹等入，笑曰：“邯郸将帅数言我发渔阳、上谷兵，吾聊应言‘我亦发之’，何意二郡良为吾来！方与士大夫共此功名耳。
”乃以景丹、寇恂、耿弇、盖延、吴汉、王梁皆为偏将军，使还领其兵，加耿况、彭宠大将军；封况、宠、丹、延皆为列侯。
(节选自《资治通鉴》，有删改)把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)使生赍以诣宠，令具以所闻说之。
译文：(2)何意二郡良为吾来！方与士大夫共此功名耳。
译文：2．阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
濂性诚谨，未尝讦人过。
尝与客饮，帝密使人侦视。
翌日，问濂昨饮酒否，坐客为谁，馔何物。
濂具以实对。
笑曰：“诚然，卿不朕欺。
”间召问群臣臧否，濂惟举其善者。
帝问其故，对曰：“善者与臣友，臣知之；其不善者，不能知也。
”主事茹太素上书万余言。
帝怒，问廷臣。
或指其书曰：“此不敬，此诽谤非法。
”问濂，对曰：“彼尽忠于陛下耳，陛下方开言路，恶可深罪？”既而帝览其书，有足采者。
悉召廷臣诘责，因呼濂字曰：“微景濂，几误罪言者。
”(节选自《明史·宋濂传》)把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)笑曰：“诚然，卿不朕欺。
”间召问群臣臧否，濂惟举其善者。
译文：(2)悉召廷臣诘责，因呼濂字曰：“微景濂，几误罪言者。
”译文：3．阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
帝即位初，异姓王及带相印者不下数十人。
至是，用赵普谋，渐削其权，或因其卒，或因迁徙致仕，或因遥领他职，皆以文臣代之。
课时作业11：Unit 1 Women of achievement
Unit 1Women of achievementⅠ.阅读理解Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble，great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her in broken sentences.Her husband's friend Richards was there，too，near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received，with Brently Mallard's name leading the l ist of “killed”．He had only taken the time to confirm Brently Mallard's death，and had stopped any less careful friend from bearing the sad message quickly.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same，with a paralyzed (麻木的) look to accept its significance.She cried at once，with sudden，wild abandonment，in her sister's arms.When the storm of sadness had spent itself，she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There would be no one to live with her during those coming years; she would live by herself.She kept whispering.Josephine standing before the closed door said，“Louise，open the door! I beg.What are you doing，Louise？For heaven's sake open the door.”“Go away.I am not making myself ill.” No; her fancy was running along t hose days ahead of her.All sorts of days would be her own.She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long.It was only yesterday she thought with a shudder (发抖) that life might be long.She arose and opened the door to her sister's demands.There was a great success in her eyes，and she carried herself like a goddess of victory.She walked down the stairs.Richards waited for her.Someone was opening the front doorwith a key.It was Brently Mallard.He had been far from the scene of the accident，and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's scream; at Richards' quick move to keep him out of the view of his wife.But Richards was too late.When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease of the joy that kills.1．Who first learned Brently Mallard's news of death?A．Josephine.B．Richards.C．Mrs.Mallard.D．Josephine's husband.2．How did Mrs.Mallard respond to the news of her husband's death?A．She wept as soon as possible.B．She heard it with a paralyzed feeling.C．She went to her room alone quickly.D．She didn't believe it at all.3．It can be inferred that Josephine ________.A．was puzzled over her sister's staying aloneB．doubted Brently Mallard's deathC．was worried about her sister's staying aloneD．didn't know how to comfort Mrs.Mallard4．According to the passage，Mrs.Mallard ________.A．prayed to go with her husbandB．recovered from her heart diseaseC．feared her future life very muchD．got rid of her husband's disaster quicklyⅡ.阅读填句根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
课时作业11：第10课 短文三篇
第10课短文三篇一、基础积累1．下列各句中，加点的熟语使用不正确的一项是()A．我想靠迅速抓紧时间，去留住稍纵即逝．．．．的日子。
B．下课之后，班上的几个“混世魔王”扔书包、弄本子、拍桌子、踢凳子，把教室搞得沸．沸扬扬．．．，乌烟瘴气。
C．一个巴掌拍不响．．．．．．．，巴以问题闹成今天这样的局面，主要的责任是以色列，但巴勒斯坦也有责任。
D．两个单位有点意见，可以坐下来心平气和地交换意见，总是那么针尖对麦芒．．．．．，对任何一方都没有好处。
2．下列各句中，没有语病、句意明确的一项是()A．一个人的一生不可能一帆风顺，面对人生的坎坎坷坷，我们要有勇气解决人生道路上的困境。
B．与自然界某些事物相比，人的确很脆弱，如一根苇草，随时有折断的可能。
C．能思想的苇草——我应该追求自己的尊严，绝不仅是求之于空间，而是求之于自己思想的规定。
D．人们在生活中，实际上只需要遵守那些最基本的规则，幼儿园里就学过。
3．依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是()人生苦短，我们不能任由烦恼淹没快乐，________。
________，________。
________，________，________。
只要心明净了，就会快乐起来。
①但是我们完全可以学会操纵自己的内心②心是烦恼的根源③让它向着有阳光、有灯光的一面④亦是快乐的根源⑤不能一生都活在与烦恼的牵缠中⑥我们无法像佛一样除尽烦恼，了脱生死，达到涅槃A．③①⑥⑤②④B．⑤②①③④⑥C．③①④②⑥⑤D．⑤②④⑥①③二、阅读鉴赏(一)阅读课文选段，完成4～6题。
我对某些词语赋予特殊的含义。
拿“度日”来说吧，天色不佳，令人不快的时候，我将“度日”看做是“消磨光阴”，而风和日丽的时候，我却不愿意去“度”，这时我是在慢慢赏玩，领略美好的时光。
坏日子，要飞快地“度”，好日子，要停下来细细品尝。
“度日”“消磨时光”的常用语令人想起那些“哲人”的习气。
他们以为生命的利用不外乎在于将它打发、消磨，并且尽量回避它，无视它的存在，仿佛这是一件苦事、一件贱物似的。
课时作业11
课时作业(十一)[学业水平层次(A)]按照新的初雪判定标准，2014年2月7日北京迎来2013至2014年冬季初雪，这次初雪，为仅次于1983年初雪(下在1984年2月11日)和2010年初雪(下在2011年2月10日)的“第三晚到”。
据此回答1～2题。
1．此次降雪的形成最有可能是受下面图中哪种天气系统的影响()2．关于上题所示天气系统的叙述正确的是()A．过境后气温降低，气压升高B．过境时常形成连续性降水C．中心附近最大风力在12级以上D．空气由中心向四周辐散【解析】第1题，北方冬季的降雪多受冷锋影响形成，冷锋是冷气团主动移向暖气团的锋，C图符合。
第2题，冷锋过境后气温多降低，并且气压升高。
【答案】 1.C 2.A下图为2014年8月某日气象卫星遥感图像。
读图完成3～4题。
3．下列四幅图中能正确反映该台风示意图的是()4．甲处的风向为()A．西北B．东北C．东南D．西南【解析】第3题，该台风发生在北太平洋，因此该台风应为逆时针辐合的空气漩涡，对应示意图A。
第4题，根据甲处受到的气压梯度力的方向和北半球受到向右的地转偏向力，可以判定甲处的风向为西南风。
【答案】 3.A 4.D2014年1～2月衡水经历了一次降雪过程，读某天气系统经过衡水市前后的气温、气压、降水、风速变化示意图，完成5～6题。
5．该天气系统是()A．气旋B．反气旋C．冷锋D．暖锋6．该天气系统到达衡水市的时间是()A．29日B．31日C．1日D．3日【解析】第5题，该天气系统过境后，气温下降、气压升高，过境时有明显的降水过程，故判断为冷锋过境。
第6题，图中气温和气压的转折点为31日，并且降水的时间也出现在31日，所以该天气系统的过境时间为31日。
【答案】 5.C 6.B读常见天气系统(甲、乙)示意图，完成7～8题。
7．关于甲、乙两图的叙述正确的是()A．甲图是暖锋示意图B．甲天气系统产生的降水发生在锋前C．乙图是南半球反气旋D．乙天气系统的中心气流在垂直方向下沉8．下列天气现象与其成因的组合中，正确的是()A．长江中下游地区的梅雨——甲B．我国东南沿海地区夏秋季节的台风——甲C．重庆夏季的伏旱——乙D．我国北方地区夏季午后的暴雨——乙【解析】第7题，甲图中冷空气势力强，为冷锋，其降水主要集中在锋后；乙图的气流辐散，且向右偏，因此表示北半球的反气旋，其中心气流垂直下沉。
课时作业11：第11课 师说
师说一、基础考查1．下列各项中，每对加点字的读音完全相同的一项是( ) A．经传．/酒馔．郯．子/啖．以重金贻．误/麦饴．B．拮据．/拘．泥嗟．乎/昭然若揭．阿．谀/婀．娜C．蟠．曲/磐．石老聃．/光阴荏苒．句读．/渎．职D．庸．俗/雍．容解．元/浑身解．数年龄．/啮．齿2．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不．正确的一项是( )A．作《师说》以贻．之贻：赠送B．吾师．道也师：老师C．师道．之不传也久矣道：风尚D．其闻．道也亦先乎吾闻：知道，懂得3．下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法相同的一项是( ) A．师道之不传也．久矣生乎吾前，其闻道也．固先乎吾，吾从而师之B．于其身也，则．耻师焉曰师曰弟子云者，则．群聚而笑之C．句读之．不知，惑之不解郯子之．徒，其贤不及孔子D．今其智乃．反不能及，其可怪也欤乃．使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱4．下列句子中加点词的活用现象与其他句不．同的一项是( )A.郯子之徒，其贤．不及孔子B.小．学而大遗，吾未见其明也C.是故圣．益圣，愚益愚D.师．道之不传也久矣二、阅读理解阅读下面的文字，完成5～8题。
欧阳生哀辞韩愈欧阳詹世居闽越，自詹已上，皆为闽越官，至州佐、县令者，累累有焉。
闽越地肥衍，有山泉禽鱼之乐，虽有长材秀民，通文书吏事与上国齿者，未尝肯出仕。
今上初，故宰相常衮为福建诸州观察使，治．其地。
乡县小民有能诵书作文辞者，衮亲与之为客主之礼，观游宴飨。
詹于时独秀出，衮加敬爱，诸生皆推服。
建中、贞元间，余就食江南，未接人事，往往闻詹名闾巷间，詹之称于江南也久；贞元三年，余始至京师举进士，闻詹名尤甚。
八年春，遂与詹文辞同考试登第，始相识。
自后詹归闽中，余或在京师他处，不见詹久者，惟詹归闽中时为然。
其他时与詹离，率．不历岁，移时则必合，合必两忘其所趋，久然后去，故余与詹相知为深。
詹事父母尽孝道仁于妻子于朋友义以诚气醇以方容貌嶷嶷然其燕私善谑以和其文章切深喜往复善自道读其书知其于慈孝最隆也。
高中历史选择性必修1课时作业(十一)
课时作业 (十一)
2．“文皇南面坐，夷狄千群趋。咸称天子神，往古不得俱。 献号天可汗，以覆我国都。兵戎不交害，各保性与躯。”西北
各部朝国力强盛 B．他拥有强大的军事力量 C．他主张对外开放 D．他采取开明的民族政策
课时作业 (十一)
解析：唐太宗统治时期实施比较开明的民族政策，赢得了各 民族的拥戴。到唐太宗晚年，漠北地区各部又相继归附。西北 各部首领都来长安朝见，拥戴唐太宗为他们共同的君主，称其 为“天可汗”。据此分析可知D项符合题意。
课时作业 (十一)
课时作业(十一)
课时作业 (十一)
1．张骞出使西域后，汉朝招募了大批商人到西域经商，沿线 设置关卡征税，并置西域都护府管辖西域，遏制匈奴的侵扰。这
些举措( C )
A．旨在攫取西域经济利益 B．是汉朝抑商政策的延伸 C．有利于丝路的繁荣有序 D．将西域纳入了郡国体制
课时作业 (十一)
解析：A项互通有无活跃商业市场对材料概括不全面，而且 活跃商业市场材料体现不明显，故A项错误；宋夏互市只是材 料反映的一个方面，缓和民族关系不是材料反映的主旨，故B 项错误；汉文化在边境广泛传播不是材料的主旨，故C项错误； 材料主要反映了西夏和北宋的贸易往来，以及西夏和金货币 的发展状况，所以可知材料的主旨是体现少数民族商业发展 的面貌，故D项正确。
课时作业 (十一)
13．唐太宗以其独特的治国之道妥善处理民族关系，影响深 远。阅读下列材料，回答问题。
材料一 贞观四年，唐太宗与群臣讨论如何安置内附的东突 厥。……中书令温彦博建议把突厥迁入河南朔方之地，全其部 落、风俗，其实质是在尊重突厥生产方式及风俗习惯的前提下 的自然同化之策。唐太宗反复权衡后，采纳了温彦博的主张。
A．①④ B．②③
课时作业11：第2课 墙上的斑点
2.*墙上的斑点(时间：45分钟满分：50分)一、语言建构与运用(20分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
(9分)2001年，上海合作组织正式成立；2017年，“上合”成为人口最多、地域最广的综合性区域组织。
不忘合作之初心，赓续合作之智慧。
今天，“上海精神”与儒家“和合”理念的____________，实现了安全、经济、人文合作的累累硕果，得到了热爱世界和平、期盼发展图强的人们心向往之。
在孔子故乡、礼仪之邦，思考儒家文化与国际交往理念的____________，别有一种滋味。
儒家贵“和”尚“中”。
在儒家的“和合”理念中，“和”是和谐、和平、祥和；“合”是聚合、合作、融合。
____________、由近至远的思维，洞明着共赢共生的“和实生物”之道；“大道之行，天下为公”的理想，体现着超越民族、泽被世界的责任；“己所不欲，勿施于人”的观念，表达出互相尊重、互不干涉的原则；“和而不同”“和衷共济”的主张，揭示的是求同存异、包容互补、和谐共存的价值取向；“先天下之忧而忧”的抱负，抒发着中国人的济世情怀；“达则兼济天下”的胸怀，承载着成人达己的共享意识；“四海之内皆兄弟”的豪情，传递出朴素的平等愿望。
这些“和合”思想，是中国优秀传统文化的核心和精华，也是千百年来中华民族________的理想世界。
从“帆船之都”出发，()。
1.依次填入文中横线上的成语，全都恰当的一项是()(3分)A.浑然一体不约而同推己及人朝思暮想B.浑然一体不谋而合以己度人孜孜以求C.水乳相融不谋而合推己及人孜孜以求D.水乳相融不约而同以己度人朝思暮想解析水乳相融：水和乳汁融合在一起，比喻关系非常融洽或结合十分紧密。
浑然一体：融和成一个整体，形容完整不可分割。
不谋而合：没有事先商量而彼此见解或行动完全一致。
不约而同：事先没有约定，彼此的言论或行动却完全一致。
不约而同：不能直接做句子的谓语。
推己及人：用自己的心思来推想别人的心思；设身处地替别人着想。
高中数学课时作业十一基本不等式的应用新人教A版必修第一册
课时作业(十一) 基本不等式的应用练 基 础1.已知x ＞－2，则x ＋4x ＋2的最小值为( ) A ．2 B ．3 C ．4 D ．5 2．当0＜x ＜2时，x (2－x )的最大值为( ) A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．43．设m ＞0，n ＞0，且m ＋2n ＝1，则1m ＋1n的最小值为( )A ．4B ．3＋ 2C ．3＋2 2D ．64．近来猪肉价格起伏较大，假设第一周、第二周的猪肉价格分别为a 元/斤、b 元/斤，甲和乙购买猪肉的方式不同，甲每周购买20元钱的猪肉，乙每周购买6斤猪肉，甲、乙两次平均单价为分别记为m 1，m 2，则下列结论正确的是( )A.m 1＝m 2 B ．m 1＞m 2C ．m 2＞m 1D ．m 1，m 2的大小无法确定5．(多选)已知正数a ，b 满足2a ＋b ＝1，则( ) A.ab 的最大值为18B ．4a 2＋b 2的最小值为12C ．1a ＋2b 的最小值为8D ．a ＋1a的最小值为26．已知x ，y >0，且满足x 3＋y4＝1，则xy 的最大值为________．7．若a ，b >0，且ab ＝a ＋b ，则a ＋4b 的最小值是________． 8．已知实数a ＞0，b ＞0，a ＋2b ＝2， (1)求1a ＋2b的最小值；(2)求a 2＋4b 2＋5ab 的最大值．提 能 力9.已知a ＞0，且a 2－b ＋4＝0，则aa ＋b有( )A ．最大值15B ．最小值15C ．最大值14D ．最小值1410．(多选)若正实数a ，b 满足a ＋b ＝1，则( ) A.ab ≥14 B ．a 2＋b 2≥12C ．a ＋b ≥ 2D ．1a ＋1＋1b ＋1≥4311．已知a ＞0，b ＞0，且ab ＝1，则当a ＝________时，1a ＋1b ＋4a ＋b 的最小值为________．12．在抗击疫情中，某市根据需要迅速启动“方舱医院”建设，在方舱医院中建设1000个长方体形状、高度恒定的相同房间，每个房间造价不超过960元．为了充分利用资源，每个房间的后墙利用原有的五合板，不需要购买，正面用木质纤维板隔离，每米造价60元，两侧面用高密度合成板，每米造价30元，顶部每平方米造价30元．设每个房间正面木质纤维板长度为x 米，一侧面高密度合成板的长度为y 米．(1)用x ，y 表示每个房间造价W ； (2)当每个房间面积最大时，求x 的值．培 优 生13.已知x ＞0，y ＞0，若不等式1x ＋3y ≥m2x ＋y 恒成立，则m 的最大值是________．课时作业(十一) 基本不等式的应用1．解析：因为x ＞－2，所以x ＋2＞0， 所以x ＋4x ＋2＝x ＋2＋4x ＋2－2≥2（x ＋2）·4x ＋2－2＝2， 当且仅当x ＋2＝4x ＋2，即x ＝0时取等号， 所以x ＋4x ＋2的最小值为2. 答案：A2．解析：∵0＜x ＜2，∴2－x ＞0，又x ＋(2－x )＝2，∴x (2－x )≤[x ＋（2－x ）]24＝1，当且仅当x ＝2－x ，即x ＝1时等号成立，所以x (2－x )的最大值为1. 答案：B3．解析：由1m ＋1n ＝(1m ＋1n )(m ＋2n )＝3＋2n m ＋mn ≥3＋22nm·m n＝3＋22，当且仅当m＝2n ＝2－1时等号成立．答案：C4．解析：根据题意可得m 1＝20＋2020a ＋20b＝2ab a ＋b ≤2ab2ab ＝ab ，当且仅当a ＝b 时等号成立，m 2＝6a ＋6b 12＝a ＋b2≥ab ，当且仅当a ＝b 时等号成立， 由题意可得a ≠b ，所以m 1≤ab ，m 2＞ab ，则m 2＞m 1. 答案：C5．解析：A.由2a ＋b ＝1≥22ab ，则ab ≤18，当且仅当2a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，正确；B ．由4a 2＋b 2≥（2a ＋b ）22＝12，当且仅当2a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，正确；C ．由1a ＋2b ＝(1a ＋2b )(2a ＋b )＝4＋b a ＋4ab≥4＋2b a ·4a b ＝8，当且仅当2a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，正确；D ．由a ＋1a≥2a ·1a ＝2，当且仅当a ＝1时等号成立，而2a ＋b ＝1且a ，b ＞0，所以等号取不到，即a ＋1a＞2，无最小值，错误．答案：ABC6．解析：∵x ，y >0， ∴x 3＋y 4＝1≥2 xy12，得xy ≤3，当且仅当x 3＝y 4即x ＝32，y ＝2时，取“＝”号，∴xy 的最大值为3.答案：37．解析：由题设，1a ＋1b ＝1，则a ＋4b ＝(a ＋4b )(1a ＋1b )＝5＋4b a ＋ab ≥5＋24ba·ab＝9，当且仅当a ＝2b 时等号成立， ∴a ＋4b 最小值为9. 答案：98．解析：(1) ∵1a ＋2b ＝12(a ＋2b )(1a ＋2b )＝12(5＋2b a ＋2ab )∵a ＞0，b ＞0，∴12(5＋2b a ＋2a b )≥12(5＋22b a ·2a b )＝92， 当且仅当2b a ＝2a b ，即a ＝b ＝23时，等号成立．∴1a ＋2b 的最小值为92； (2)∵a 2＋4b 2＋5ab ＝(a ＋2b )2＋ab ＝4＋ab ，又a ＋2b ＝2≥22ab ，∴ab ≤12，故a 2＋4b 2＋5ab ≤4＋12＝92，当且仅当a ＝2b ，即a ＝1，b ＝12时，等号成立．故a 2＋4b 2＋5ab 取得最大值92.9．解析：因为a 2－b ＋4＝0，所以b ＝a 2＋4，所以aa ＋b ＝a a ＋a 2＋4＝1a ＋4a＋1，因为a ＞0，所以a ＋4a＋1≥2a ·4a ＋1＝5，当且仅当a ＝4a，即a ＝2时等号成立， 所以aa ＋b ＝1a ＋4a＋1≤15，当且仅当a ＝2时等号成立．答案：A10．解析：依题意，正实数a ，b 满足a ＋b ＝1， 所以ab ≤(a ＋b2)2＝14，当且仅当a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，所以A 选项错误． a 2＋b 22≥(a ＋b2)2＝14，a 2＋b 2≥12，当且仅当a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，所以B 选项正确． (a ＋b2)2≤a ＋b 2＝12，a ＋b2≤22，a ＋b ≤2，当且仅当a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，所以C 选项错误．1a ＋1＋1b ＋1＝13·(1a ＋1＋1b ＋1)·(a ＋1＋b ＋1) ＝13(2＋b ＋1a ＋1＋a ＋1b ＋1)≥13(2＋2 b ＋1a ＋1·a ＋1b ＋1)＝43， 当且仅当b ＋1a ＋1＝a ＋1b ＋1，a ＋1＝b ＋1，a ＝b ＝12时等号成立，所以D 选项正确． 答案：BD11．解析：∵a ＞0，b ＞0，∴a ＋b ＞0，ab ＝1， 1a ＋1b ＋4a ＋b ＝ab a ＋ab b ＋4a ＋b ＝a ＋b ＋4a ＋b ≥2（a ＋b ）×4a ＋b＝4， 当且仅当a ＋b ＝2时取等号，结合ab ＝1，解得a ＝b ＝1，等号成立． 答案：1 412．解析：(1)根据题意，只需要计算正面、两个侧面和一个顶面的造价，则有：W ＝60x ＋60y ＋30xy (x ＞0，y ＞0)，(2)根据题意，每个房间造价不超过960元，则有：W ＝60x ＋60y ＋30xy ≤960， 即有：2(x ＋y )＋xy ≤32，设每个房间的面积为S ，则有：S ＝xy ，则有：4xy ＋xy ≤2(x ＋y )＋xy ≤32，当且仅当x ＝y ＝4时，取得“＝” 解得：xy ≤4故S ≤16 当每个房间面积最大时，x ＝4.13．解析：∵x ＞0，y ＞0，不等式1x ＋3y ≥m2x ＋y 恒成立，∴m ≤(1x ＋3y)(2x ＋y )恒成立，又(1x ＋3y )(2x ＋y )＝5＋y x ＋6xy≥5＋2y x ·6xy＝5＋26， 当且仅当y x ＝6xy即y ＝6x 时取等号， ∴(1x ＋3y)(2x ＋y )的最小值为5＋26，所以m ≤5＋26，即m 的最大值为5＋2 6. 答案：5＋2 6。
语文课时作业11
课时作业十一一、阅读下面的文字，完成1~4题。
排斧徐习军“叮叮、咚咚咚、叮叮、咚咚咚……”河南岸修船的排斧声响彻云霄。
“叮叮、咚咚咚、叮叮、咚咚咚……"河北岸修船的排斧声震耳欲聋.望见招旗上那大大的圆圈里的“徐”字,便可知道，在河南岸修船的是徐家班子。
徐家搞水上修理这一行已经历了好几辈人，经验丰富，手艺精湛,名声随着船主已经响遍大江南北.徐氏门徒更是遍及苏北水网。
走到任何一个码头，只要有修船的作场，你猜他们是徐家班子，那保准是八九不离十。
徐家班子太庞大，虽说名声显赫但也招来大江南北同道们的不满，大有“欺行霸市”之嫌。
再加上有些门徒实属鱼目混珠,乘着家大业大“吃大锅饭”弄得门徒之间常有摩擦，是非也渐渐多起来,这令掌门人徐先生深感不安，他多次想打发他的弟子另立门户出去闯闯，可无人肯离群。
偶尔有一两个勇敢的门徒想自立，徐老先生便会兴高采烈地送给他们全套工具,并亲自写条子把某地某地的生意划给他。
可各地船家、老顾主们不买徒弟的账，再加上各地的徐氏班子见到另立门户的弟子,都一再竭尽攻击之能事，搞得已自立门户的弟子只好灰溜溜地再叩拜返回，龟缩在“徐”字旗下。
王大是徐老先生最得意的弟子之一，师傅对他寄予很大的期望，有意培养王大接班,可王大却出乎意料地出走自立。
这不，河北岸的排斧正是他领的头。
徐老先生对王大的出走实在舍之不得，但从长远计又积极鼓励王大一番，依旧送他一套家什，把他送上码头,并给各地打了招呼。
不愧是名师出高徒，王大手艺日臻完美,信誉渐高,也组织起了一些人马，赢得了不少生意。
尽管徐家班子中的弟子对王大另立门户骂声不绝，甚至王大的老婆、孩子在村里也受尽了村人的谩骂歧视，可徐老先生还是支持王大的，经常到王大的工地来转转，以示助威。
河南岸那飘着“徐”字旗的班子的领班是徐老先生的得力弟子朱大虎。
大虎不仅生得虎背熊腰、力气过人，且手艺超群，处事待人十分妥贴，由他领头的每一项工程都能为徐家班子赢得极好的声誉.两岸拖上来的都是清一色的二十吨位楠木大驳船,正值水运黄金季节，耽误一天营运，损失掉的就是白花花的银子，所以船家不到万不得已是不会在这时修船的。
高考化学课标全国版一轮课时作业11铁及其重要化合物
课时作业(十一)铁及其重要化合物1．(2019·福建龙岩质检)《本草纲目》中记载“慈石治肾家诸病，而通耳明目。
慈石，色轻紫，石上皲涩，可吸连针铁，俗谓之熁铁石”。
“慈石”的主要成分是() A．铁B．氧化铜C．氧化铁D．四氧化三铁D[磁石，古代炼丹常用的矿物原料，又称作“慈石”，即四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)。
]2．下列有关铁及其化合物的说法中正确的是()A．铁的化学性质比较活泼，所以铁在自然界中全部以化合态存在B．铁在纯氧中燃烧或在氯气中燃烧所得产物中铁的化合价均为＋3价C．工业上可用铁质容器储存浓硝酸和浓硫酸，原因是铁在常温下与两种酸不反应D．工业上用CO在高温条件下还原含Fe2O3的铁矿石炼铁答案 D3．(2019·辽宁铁岭模拟)铁屑溶于过量稀硫酸，过滤后向滤液中加入过量氨水，有白色沉淀生成，过滤，在空气中加热沉淀至质量不再发生变化为止，得到红棕色残渣。
上述沉淀和残渣分别是()A．Fe(OH)3Fe2O3B．Fe(OH)2Fe2O3C．Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)3D．Fe(OH)2Fe3O4答案 B4．(2019·江西九江模拟)下列离子的检验方法合理的是()A．向某溶液中滴入KSCN溶液呈红色，说明不含Fe2＋B．向某溶液中通入Cl2，然后再加入KSCN溶液变红色，说明原溶液中含有Fe2＋C．向某溶液中加入NaOH溶液，得红褐色沉淀，说明溶液中含有Fe3＋D．向某溶液中加入NaOH溶液得白色沉淀，又观察到颜色逐渐变为红褐色，说明该溶液中只含有Fe2＋，不含有Mg2＋C[A项，Fe2＋遇到KSCN不变色，Fe2＋是否存在不确定；B项，Fe3＋干扰Fe2＋的检验，若原溶液中含有Fe3＋不含Fe2＋，也会产生同样现象；D项，Mg(OH)2为白色沉淀，易被红褐色沉淀掩盖，不确定。
]5．(2019·河南安阳模拟)下列除杂的操作不正确的是()A．MgCl2溶液中混有少量FeCl3：加入足量镁充分反应后过滤B．FeCl2溶液中混有少量FeCl3：加入过量铁粉充分反应后过滤C．CuCl2溶液中混有少量FeCl3：加入NaOH溶液充分反应后过滤D．CuCl2溶液中混有少量FeCl2：先加入H2O2将Fe2＋氧化成Fe3＋，再加入CuO充分反应后过滤答案 C6．(2019·江苏盐城调研)有一块铁的“氧化物”样品，用140 mL mol·L－1盐酸恰好将之完全溶解，mol Cl2，恰好使其中的Fe2＋全部转变为Fe3＋，则该样品可能的化学式为() A．Fe2O3B．Fe3O4C．Fe4O5D．Fe5O7D[根据2Fe2＋＋Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Cl－，可知铁的“氧化物”样品用盐酸溶解后所得溶液中n(Fe2＋)＝0.025 mol×2＝0.05 mol，根据电荷守恒得2n(Fe2＋)＋3n(Fe3＋)＝n(Cl－)，则n(Fe3＋)＝0.2 mol，故n(Fe2＋)∶n(Fe3＋∶0.2＝1∶4，故该氧化物可表示为FeO·2Fe2O3，即Fe5O7。
高中数学课时作业(人教A版选修第一册)课时作业(十一)
课时作业(十一) 直线的倾斜角与斜率[练基础]1．直线l 经过原点和点(－2，2)，则l 的斜率是( )A ．0B ．－1C ．1D ．不存在2．下列直线中，倾斜角为锐角的是( )A ．x －y ＋1＝0B ．y ＝－2x ＋1C ．y ＝1D ．x ＝23．已知点A (1，3 )，B (－1，33 )，则直线AB 的倾斜角为( )A ．2π3B ．π6C ．π3D ．5π64．直线l 的倾斜角等于直线3 x －y ＝0倾斜角的2倍，则直线l 的斜率是( ) A ．233 B ．3 C ．23 D ．－3 5．(多选)下列说法中，正确的是( )A ．直线的倾斜角为α，且tan α>0，则α为锐角B ．直线的斜率为tan α，则此直线的倾斜角为αC ．若直线的倾斜角为α，则sin α＞0D ．任意直线都有倾斜角α，且α≠90°时，斜率为tan α6．已知点A (m ，2)，B (3，0)，若直线AB 的斜率为1，则m ＝________．7．已知点A (1，1)，B (3，5)，若点C (－2，t )在直线AB 上，则实数t 的值为________．8．已知两点P (1－m ，1＋m )和Q (3，5m ).(1)m 为何值时，直线PQ 的斜率不存在；(2)m 为何值时，直线PQ 的斜率等于－3.[提能力]9．(多选)若经过A (1－a ，1＋a )和B (3，a )的直线的倾斜角为钝角，则实数a 的值可能为( )A ．－2B ．0C ．1D ．210．若直线l 的方程为x －y sin θ＋2＝0，则直线l 的倾角α的范围是( )A ．[0，π]B ．[π4 ，π2] C ．[π4 ，3π4 ] D ．[π4 ，π2 )∪(π2 ，3π4) 11．已知两点A (－3，4)，B (3，2)，过点P (1，0)的直线l 与线段AB 有公共点，则l 的倾斜角α的取值范围是________；直线l 的斜率k 的取值范围是________．12．若A (2，2)，B (a ，0)，C (0，b )(ab ≠0)三点共线，求证：1a ＋1b ＝12. [培优生]13．已知正△ABC 的顶点A (1，1)，B (1，3)，顶点C 在第一象限，若点P (x ，y )是△ABC内部及其边界上一点，则y x ＋1的最大值为( ) A ．12 B ．32C ．23D ．33－32。
课时作业(十一)
图 K－11－1
则可以得出一个等式为( D )
A．(a＋b)2＝a2＋2ab＋b2
B．(a－b)2a＋b)2＝(a－b)2＋4ab
课时作业(十一)
4．若(x＋a)2＝x2－8x＋b，则 a，b 的值分别为( D )
A．4，16
B．－4，－16
C．4，－16 D．－4，16
[解析] 因为(x＋a)2＝x2＋2ax＋a2，所以 x2＋2ax＋a2＝x2－8x＋b，所以 2a＝－8，a2＝b，所以 a＝－4，b＝16.
课时作业(十一)
解：(1)原式＝(4x2＋4xy＋y2)－(y2－4xy＋4x2)＝8xy.
(2)(－2x＋3y)2(－2x－3y)2.
解： (2)原式＝(2x－3y)2(2x＋3y)2＝[(2x－3y)(2x＋3y)]2 ＝(4x2－9y2)2＝16x4－72x2y2＋81y4.
课时作业(十一)
11．某正方形的边长为 a cm，若把这个正方形的边长减少 3 cm，
课时作业(十一)
三、解答题
9．计算：
(1)(2x＋5y)2；
解：(1)(2x＋5y)2＝(2x)2＋2·2x·5y＋(5y)2＝4x2＋20xy＋25y2.
(2)13m－12n2；
解：(2)13m－12n2＝13m2－2·13m·12n＋12n2＝19m2－13mn＋14n2.
课时作业(十一)
(3)(－4x＋3y)2;
C．(m＋2n)2＝m2＋4n2
D．(－x－y)2＝x2＋2xy＋y2
[解析] A 项，(－3a＋b)2＝(3a－b)2＝9a2－6ab＋b2，正确；B 项，(12x ＋y)2＝14x2＋xy＋y2，正确；C 项，(m＋2n)2＝m2＋4mn＋4n2，错误；D 项，
高中 化学 选择性必修3 课时作业(十一)酚
课时作业(十一)酚(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)一、基础巩固(每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1．苯酚有毒且有腐蚀性，使用时若不慎溅到皮肤上，可用来洗涤的试剂是()A．40% NaOH溶液B．NaHCO3溶液C．65 ℃以上的水D．酒精D2．下列有机化合物的性质能体现是羟基对苯环产生影响的是()A．苯酚溶液显弱酸性B．苯酚和乙醇中，分别加入金属钠，苯酚反应剧烈C．苯酚比苯容易发生溴代反应D．苯酚能与氢氧化钠溶液反应，而苯甲醇不能C3．可用来鉴别己烯、苯、甲苯、苯酚溶液的一组试剂是()A．氯化铁溶液、浓溴水B．碳酸钠溶液、浓溴水C．酸性高锰酸钾溶液、浓溴水D．氢氧化钠溶液、浓溴水C[与氯化铁溶液显紫色的是苯酚溶液，使浓溴水褪色的是己烯，但是氯化铁溶液和浓溴水不能鉴别甲苯和苯，故A错误；己烯可使浓溴水褪色、苯酚与浓溴水产生白色沉淀，浓溴水可鉴别出己烯和苯酚溶液，但是碳酸钠溶液不能鉴别甲苯和苯，故B错误；己烯可使浓溴水褪色、苯酚与浓溴水产生白色沉淀，浓溴水可鉴别出己烯和苯酚溶液，苯、甲苯可以萃取溴水中的溴，上层呈橙红色，下层无色；甲苯能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色，所以用酸性高锰酸钾溶液、浓溴水可鉴别，故C正确；己烯可使浓溴水褪色、苯酚与浓溴水产生白色沉淀，浓溴水可鉴别出己烯和苯酚溶液，浓溴水与甲苯、苯混合后现象相同，氢氧化钠溶液不能鉴别甲苯和苯，不能鉴别，D错误。
]4.异丙酚是一种镇静剂，其结构简式如右图所示，下列关于异丙酚的说法中正确的是()A．异丙酚的分子式为C12H16OB．异丙酚与苯酚互为同系物C．异丙酚易溶于水D．异丙酚中所有碳原子都在同一平面上B[根据题中的结构简式可知，异丙酚的分子式为C12H18O，A项错误；异丙酚中含有异丙基、酚羟基和苯环，难溶于水，且所有碳原子不可能都在同一平面上，C、D两项错误；苯酚的分子式为C6H6O，异丙酚与苯酚在分子组成上相差6个CH2原子团，属于同系物，B 项正确。
课时作业 11
课时作业 11一、选择题1．数轴上的三点M ，N ，P 的坐标分别为3，－1，－5，则MP －PN 等于( )A ．－4B ．4C ．12D ．－12解析：MP ＝(－5)－3＝－8，PN ＝(－1)－(－5)＝4，MP －PN ＝－8－4＝－12.答案：D2．不等式组⎩⎨⎧5x ＋4≥2(x －1)，2x ＋53－3x －22>1的解集是( )A ．{x |x ≤2}B ．{x |x ≥－2}C ．{x |－2<x ≤2}D ．{x |－2≤x <2} 解析：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧5x ＋4≥2(x －1)，2x ＋53－3x －22>1，化简可得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ≥－2，x <2.因此可得－2≤x <2.故选D.答案：D3．不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＋5<5x ＋1，x －m >1的解集是x >1，则m 的取值范围是( )A ．m ≥1B ．m ≤1C ．m ≥0D ．m ≤0解析：不等式整理，得⎩⎨⎧x >1，x >m ＋1，由不等式组的解集为x >1，得到m ＋1≤1，解得m ≤0.故选D 项．答案：D4．[2019·天津卷]设x ∈R ，则“0<x <5”是“|x －1|<1”的( ) A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件＋3，即⎩⎨⎧－x－3≤2x－a，2x－a≤x＋3对任意x∈[0,2]恒成立，变量分离得⎩⎨⎧a≤3x＋3，a≥x－3，只需⎩⎨⎧a≤(3x＋3)min，a≥(x－3)max，即⎩⎨⎧a≤3，a≥－1，所以a的取值范围是[－1,3]．[尖子生题库]10．解不等式：|x＋7|－|x－2|≤3.解析：方法一：|x＋7|－|x－2|可以看成数轴上的动点(坐标为x)到－7对应点的距离与到2对应点的距离的差，先找到这个差等于3的点，即x＝－1(如图所示)．从图易知不等式|x＋7|－|x－2|≤3的解为x≤－1，即x∈(－∞，－1]．方法二：令x＋7＝0，x－2＝0，得x＝－7，x＝2.①当x<－7时，不等式变为－x－7＋x－2≤3，∴－9≤3成立，∴x<－7.②当－7≤x≤2时，不等式变为x＋7＋x－2≤3，即2x≤－2，∴x≤－1，∴－7≤x≤－1.③当x>2时，不等式变为x＋7－x＋2≤3，即9≤3不成立，∴x∈∅.∴原不等式的解集为(－∞，－1]．方法三：将原不等式转化为|x＋7|－|x－2|－3≤0，构造函数y＝|x＋7|－|x－2|－3，即y＝⎩⎨⎧－12(x<－7)，2x＋2(－7≤x≤2)，6(x>2).作出函数的图象(如图)，从图可知，当x≤－1时，有y≤0，即|x＋7|－|x－2|－3≤0，∴原不等式的解集为(－∞，－1]．。
【课时作业PPT】课时作业(十一 )
课时作业（十一）
三、计算题 8.2017·绥化 某化学兴趣小组同学在清理实验室时发现一瓶浓盐酸， 标签如图K－11－4所示。
图K－11－4
课时作业（十一）
（1）HCl中氢元素和氯元素的质量比为___2_∶__7_1 ____（结果用最简整 数比表示）。 （2）这瓶盐酸的质量为 595 g。 （3）现要配制3800 g溶质质量分数为10%的稀盐酸，需要溶质质量 分数为38%的浓盐酸的质量为 1000 g，需要这种浓盐酸 2 瓶。
• 15、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。2021年9月上午1时56分21.9.1401:56September 14, 2021
• 16、教学的目的是培养学生自己学习，自己研究，用自己的头脑来想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手来做这种精神。2021年9月14日星期二1时56分44秒01:56:4414 September 2021
课时作业（十一）
[解析] 溶质的质量分数作为表示溶液组成的一种方法，通常以百分数表示， 其中的百分数表示在100份质量的溶液中，溶质所占的比例。例如，16%的氯 化钠溶液是指每100份质量的氯化钠溶液中，氯化钠占16份质量。根据此含 义分析题中的四个选项，可知C选项正确，即每100 g溶液中含氯化钠16 g。
不能完全溶解，只能溶解 35 g，根据溶质的质量分数＝溶液质量×100%可得， 35 g
④中溶液的溶质质量分数＝100 g＋35 g×100%＝26%。
课时作业（十一）
二、填空题 6.配制500 mL质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液（密度为1.1 g/cm3）， 则所配溶液的质量为 550 g ；需要氢氧化钠和水的质量分别 为 55 g 、 495 g 。
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三、解答题
8．某单位有 2 000 名职工，老年、中年、青年分布在管理、技术开发、营
销、生产各部门中，如下表所示：
人数 管理 技术开发 营销 生产 共计
老年 40
40
40 80 200
中年 80
120
160 240 600
青年 40
160
280 720 1 200
小计 160
320
480 1 040 2 000
13～14 岁，15～16 岁四个年龄段回收的问卷依次为：120 份，180 份，240 份，
x 份．因调查需要，从回收的问卷中按年龄段分层抽取容量为 300 的样本，其中
在 11～12 岁学生问卷中抽取 60 份，则在 15～16 岁学生中抽取的问卷份数为
() A．60
B．80
C．120
D．180
A．②③
B．①③
C．③
D．①②③
【解析】 由于各类家庭有明显差异，所以首先应用分层抽样的方法分别从 三类家庭中抽出若干户．又由于农民家庭户数较多，那么在农民家庭这一层宜采 用系统抽样；而工人、知识分子家庭户数较少，宜采用简单随机抽样．故整个抽 样过程要用到①②③三种抽样方法．
【答案】 D
3．某单位有职工 100 人，不到 35 岁的有 45 人，35 岁到 49 岁的有 25 人，
8 【答案】 16
7．某学校高一、高二、高三年级的学生人数之比为 3∶3∶4，现用分层抽 样的方法从该校高中三个年级的学生中抽取容量为 50 的样本，则应从高二年级 抽取________名学生．
【解析】 高二年级学生人数占总数的 3 ，样本容量为 50，则 50× 3 ＝15.
10
10
【答案】 15
【答案】 16
6．某校共有 2 000 名学生，各年级男、女生人数如表所示．现用分层抽样
的方法在全校抽取 64 名学生，则应在三年级抽取的学生人数为_____________.
一年级 二年级 三年级
女生 373
380
y
Hale Waihona Puke 男生 377370z
【解析】 依题意可知三年级学生人数为 500，即总体中各年级的人数比例 为 3∶3∶2，故用分层抽样抽取三年级学生人数为 64×2＝16.
(1)若要抽取 40 人调查身体状况，则应怎样抽样？
(2)若要开一个 25 人的讨论单位发展与薪金调整方面的座谈会，则应怎样抽
选出席人？ 【解】 (1)按老年、中年、青年分层抽样，
抽取比例为 40 ＝ 1 . 2 000 50
故老年人，中年人，青年人各抽取 4 人，12 人，24 人，
(2)按管理、技术开发、营销、生产进行分层，用分层抽样， 抽取比例为 25 ＝ 1 ，
(2)现用分层抽样的方法在全厂抽取 50 名工人，问应在第三车间抽取多少
名？
【解】 (1)由 x ＝0.15，得 x＝150. 1 000
(2)∵第一车间的工人数是 173＋177＝350，第二车间的工人数是 100＋150 ＝250，
∴第三车间的工人数是 1000－350－250＝400. 设应从第三车间抽取 m 名工人，则由 m ＝ 50 ，得 m＝20.
【解析】 D中总体有明显差异，故用分层 抽样． 【答案】 D
2．某城区有农民、工人、知识分子家庭共计 2 000 户，其中农民家庭 1 800 户，工人家庭 100 户，知识分子家庭 100 户．现要从中抽取容量为 40 的样本，
以调查家庭收入情况，则在整个抽样过程中，可以用到的抽样方法有( )
①简单随机抽样 ②系统抽样 ③分层抽样
3．用分层抽样的方法从某学校的高中学生中抽取一个容量为 45 的样本，其 中高一年级抽 20 人，高三年级抽 10 人，已知该校高二年级共有 300 人，则该校 高中学生的总人数为________．
5
5
【答案】 B
4．已知某单位有职工 120 人，男职工有 90 人，现采用分层抽样(按男、女
分层)抽取一个样本，若已知样本中有 27 名男职工，则样本容量为( )
A．30
B．36
C．40
D．无法确定
【解析】 设样本容量为 n，则120＝90. n 27
故 n＝120×27＝36.故选 B. 90
【答案】 B
二、填空题 5．某高校甲、乙、丙、丁四个专业分别有 150、150、400、300 名学生．为 了解学生的就业倾向，用分层抽样的方法从该校这四个专业共抽取 40 名学生进 行调查，应在丙专业抽取的学生人数为________．
【解析】 应在丙专业抽取的学生人数是 150＋1504＋00400＋300×40＝16.
400 1000
∴应在第三车间抽取 20 名工人．
[能力提升层次]
1．某学校高一、高二、高三三个年级共有学生 3 500 人，其中高三学生数 是高一学生数的两倍，高二学生数比高一学生数多 300 人，现在按 1 的抽样比
100
用分层抽样的方法抽取样本，则应抽取高一学生数为( )
A．8
B．11
C．16
剩下的为 50 岁以上(包括 50 岁)的人，用分层抽样的方法从中抽 20 人，各年龄
段分别抽取的人数为( )
A．7，5，8
B．9，5，6
C．7，5，9
D．8，5，7
【解析】 由于样本容量与总体个体数之比为＝ 20 ＝1，故各年龄段抽取的 100 5
人数依次为 45×1＝9(人)，25×1＝5(人)，20－9－5＝6(人)．
2 000 80 故管理，技术开发，营销，生产各抽取 2 人，4 人，6 人，13 人．
9．某市化工厂三个车间共有工人 1 000 名，各车间男、女工人数如下表：
第一车间 第二车间 第三车间
女工 173
100
y
男工
177
x
z
已知在全厂工人中随机抽取 1 名，抽到第二车间男工的可能性是 0.15.
(1)求 x 的值；
课时作业(十一)
[学业水平层次]
一、选择题 1．下列实验中最适合用分层抽样法抽样的是( ) A．从一箱 3 000 个零件中抽取 5 个入样 B．从一箱 3 000 个零件中抽取 600 个入样 C．从一箱 30 个零件中抽取 5 个入样 D．从甲厂生产的 100 个零件和乙厂生产的 200 个零件中抽取 6 个入样
D．10
【解析】 若设高三学生数为 x，则高一学生数为x，高二学生数为x＋300，
2
2
所以有 x＋x＋x＋300＝3 500，解得 x＝1 600.故高一学生数为 800，因此应抽取 22
高一学生数为 800＝8. 100
【答案】 A
2．某校做了一次关于“感恩父母”的问卷调查，从 8～10 岁，11～12 岁，