Virginia_Woolf介绍
作文素材：弗吉尼亚 伍尔芙
作文素材：弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙：伟大的灵魂都是雌雄同体弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Adeline Virginia Woolf，1882-1941），英国女作家、文学批评家和文学理论家。
她是意识流文学的代表人物，被誉为二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋，代表作有《达洛维夫人》《到灯塔去》等。
1. 人不应该是插在花瓶里供人观赏的静物，而是蔓延在草原上随风起舞的韵律。
生命不是安排，而是追求，人生的意义也许永远没有答案，但也要尽情感受这种没有答案的人生。
2. 一个人能使自己成为自己，比什么都重要。
3. 一个人一旦有了自我认识，也就有了独立人格，而一旦有了独立人格，也就不再浑浑噩噩，虚度年华了。
换言之，他一生都会有一种适度的充实感和幸福感。
4. 记住我们共同走过的岁月。
记住爱，记住时光。
5. 夕阳西下，清晰的轮廓消失了，寂静像雾霭一般袅袅上升、弥漫扩散，风停树静，整个世界松弛地摇晃着躺下来安睡了……6. 出来找乐子的男人，碰到用情太深的女人，犹如钓鱼钓到白鲸。
7. 他人的眼睛是我们的监狱，他人的思想是我们的牢笼。
8. 她面对着一望无际的蔚蓝色的大海；那灰白色的灯塔，矗立在远处朦胧的烟光雾色之中；在右边，视力所及之处，是那披覆着野草的绿色沙丘，它在海水的激荡下渐渐崩塌，形成一道道柔和、低回的皱折；那夹带泥沙的海水，好像不停地向杳无人烟的仙乡梦国奔流。
9. 这时她用不着顾忌任何人，她可以独处，可以处于自然状态。
这正是现在她常常感到需要的——思考；哦，甚至连思考也不要。
只要静默；独自一人，一切外扩的、绚丽的、语言的存在和行为都消失了；人怀着庄严感缩回自我，一个楔形的隐秘的内核，是别人所看不见的。
尽管她直挺挺地坐着，仍继续在织袜子，但正是这样她感受到了自我；而这个摆脱了一切身外附属之物的自我可以自由地从事最奇特的冒险。
10. 当生活的活跃程度暂时减低时，体验的领域显得无边无涯。
11. 伟大的灵魂都是雌雄同体。
Virginia Woolf
社会影响
• 二十世纪世界公认的意识流创作大师弗吉 尼亚，伍尔芙是英国文坛的前卫开拓者之 一，她和当时的詹姆斯.乔伊斯，还有法国 的普鲁斯特等创作意识流文学作品的作家 一起，把意识流小说推向世界，极大地影 响了世界范围内传统的写作手法，他们的 出现，成为了传统文学和现代文学的一个 分水岭。 她被誉为“20世纪最佳女作家”。
情感世界
• 伍尔芙的爱情生活十分坎坷，少女时代兄 长的骚扰让她的心灵留下难以愈合的伤口， 而她的第一个丈夫斯特雷奇是一个同性恋， 两个人结婚不久就宣布离婚，相互承诺作 一生的朋友，事实上他们也是这样做的 • 伦纳德和伍尔夫在一九一二年结婚，这是 一对天作之合，伦纳德先生在伍尔芙的一 生中，起到了不可替代的作用。
• 伦纳德先生总是她小说写成以后的第一个读者 • 1913年夏天，伍尔夫精神崩溃，吞服安眠药自 杀，是伦纳德的镇静和机智救了她一命，否则我 们就不会看到这位意识流大师大部分的惊世之作 了。 • 1941年3月28日，伍尔芙来到乌斯河畔，在衣服 口袋里面放满了石块，一步一步向河中心走去， 结束了自己短暂的一生，给我们留下了一大批美 轮美奂的艺术作品。 伍尔芙
个人概况
中文名：弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙 外文名：Virginia Woolf 国籍：英国 出生地：英国伦敦肯辛顿
出生日期：1882年1月25日
逝世日期：1941年3月28日
个人简介
1882.1.25 伍尔夫出生于英国伦敦 父亲莱斯利· 斯蒂芬爵士（Leslie Stephen） 是维多利亚时代出身于剑桥的一位著名的 文学评论家、学者和传记家。 母亲是Julia Prinsep Jackson Stephen。 父母亲在结婚前都曾有过一次婚姻，父亲与 前妻有一个女儿，母亲与前夫有三个孩子。 父母结合后又生下四个孩子，伍尔夫在家 接受教育。
virginia_woolf
Virginia Woolf’s Life
• Virginia Woolf was born in London in
1882 . • 1895, her mother died, she nervous breakdown. • 1904, her father died, She and Vanessa (her sister) move to the Bloomsbury and established Bloomsbury Group (布卢姆斯伯里派)with her friends.
弗吉尼亚· 吴尔夫（Virginia Woolf，或译弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙， 1882年1月25日－1941年3月28 日）。英国女作家，被誉为二十 世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。 两次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文 学界的核心人物，同时也是布卢 姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group） 的成员之一。最知名的小说包括 《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse）、《雅各的房 间》（Jakob's Room）。
Virginia Woolf’s Life
• 1912.8.10, she got married with Leonard. • 1913-1915 Psychotic episodes. • 1917, Woolf couple at home established Hogarth
Press in the basement. • Throughout her life, Woolf was plagued by periodic mood swings and associated illnesses. Though this instability often affected her social life, her literary productivity continued with few breaks throughout her life. • 1941.3.28 Woolf drowned herself in the River Ouse near her house .
弗吉尼亚
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf，1882年1月25日－1941年3月28日）。
英国女作家，被誉为二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。
两次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物，同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group）的成员之一。
最知名的小说包括《达洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《到灯塔去》（T o the Lighthouse）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room）。
伍尔芙出生于英国伦敦父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士是维多利亚时代出身于剑桥的一位著名的文学评论家、学者和传记家。
幼年时全家避暑所在的康沃郡的T alland House在伍尔芙的幻想和作品中起了重要作用。
1895年5月母亲Julia去世，伍尔芙第一次精神崩溃。
1897年伍尔芙开始记日记。
1904年2月，父亲Leslie去世。
5月，伍尔芙第二次精神崩溃，并试图跳窗自杀。
12月14日，弗吉尼亚在《卫报》上第一次发表作品——一篇未署名的书评。
后出版了第一批散文，并开始经常性地为《时代文学增刊》（《Times Literary Supplement》）写书评，同时在一间在职成人夜校Morley College任教。
1907年伍尔芙搬到菲茨罗伊广场（Fitzroy Square）29号，开始着手写第一部小说《远航》1913年7月伍尔芙一次大型的精神病发作，持续了9个月。
1914年春天开始渐渐地康复，11月时健康状况良好。
1915年伍尔芙一生中最严重的一次精神病发作，持续9个月。
其中有六周的时间试图开始写婚后的第一批日记。
好在，她患病期间，她的丈夫对她体贴入微，使她深受感动，“要不是为了她的缘故，我早开枪自杀了。
”[5]3月，她的《远航》出版（《The Voyage Out》）。
1917年伍尔芙夫妇买下一架二手的印刷机，在家中的地下室建立了霍加斯（Hogarth）出版社。
（该出版社后来出版了包括艾略特、凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德、弗洛依德在内的作家作品，并且出版了伍尔芙的所有作品。
virginia_woolf
1882.1.25-1941.3.28
Virginia woolfห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• Adeline Virginia woof was an
English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost最重要的modernist literary figures of the twentieth century
dalloway1925黛洛维夫人lighthouse1927到灯塔去orlando1928waves1931海浪years1937年月betweenacts1941幕与幕之间collectionsessayscollectionsonesown一间自己的房间momentsbeing1941存在的瞬间伍尔芙被誉为20世纪伟大的小说家现代主义文学潮流的先锋
COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS A Room of One’s Own , 1929 ，
《一间自己的房间》
Moments of Being, 1941,
《存在的瞬间》
伍尔芙被誉为20世纪伟大的小说家， 现代主义文学潮流的先锋；不过她本 人并不喜欢某些现代主义作者，如乔 伊斯。她对英语语言革新良多，在小 说中尝试意识流的写作方法，试图去 描绘在人们心底的潜意识。爱德 华· 摩根· 福斯特称她将英语“朝着光 明的方向推进了一小步”。她在文学 上的成就和创新至今仍有影响。二战 后她的声望有所下降，但随着70年 代女权主义的兴起，她又成为文学界 关注的对象。吴尔夫的研究大多关注 于三个方向：女权主义、同性恋倾向 及抑郁症病史。
弗吉尼亚· 吴尔夫（Virginia Woolf，或译弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙， 1882年1月25日－1941年3月28 日）。英国女作家，被誉为二十 世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。 两次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文 学界的核心人物，同时也是布卢 姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group） 的成员之一。最知名的小说包括 《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse）、《雅各的房 间》（Jakob's Room）。
Virginia Woolf生平介绍
Lesbianist同性恋
• Suffering sexual assault（性 侵犯）
• Frigidity (性恐惧)and sexual fear(性恐惧)
• Cling to her sister seriously
Feminism女权主义
• 奥兰多《Orlando》 1928 • 自己的房间《A Room of One‘s
Negative family influence
* The sudden death of her mother in
1895, when Virginia was 13, and that of her half-sister Stella two years later, led to the first of Virginia's several nervous breakdown.
Lesbianist(同性恋 )
Feminห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sm女权主义
suicide
Tristimania （抑郁症）
Literary Life
• Virginia Woolf (1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English novelist and essayist and critic, She was also a feminist, socialist, and pacifist（和平主义者） regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.
George Duckworth
Virginia Stephen
Stella Duckworth
弗吉尼亚 伍尔夫
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf），1882 --1941，英国著名女作家，在小说创作和文学评论两方面都有卓越的贡献。
世界三大意识流作家之一，女权主义运动的先驱人物。
深受弗洛伊德心理学、女性主义及同性恋运动影响。
1882.1.25 伍尔夫出生于英国伦敦，肯辛顿，海德公园门（Hyde Park Gate）22号，原名弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬（Adeline Virginia Stephen）。
父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士（Leslie Stephen）是维多利亚时代出身于剑桥的一位著名的文学评论家、学者和传记家。
母亲是Julia Prinsep Jackson Stephen。
父母亲在结婚前都曾有过一次婚姻，父亲与前妻有一個女儿Stella，母亲与前夫有三个孩子。
父母结合后又生下四个孩子：V anessa, Thoby, 伍尔夫和Adrian。
伍尔夫在家接受教育。
1895.5 母亲Julia去世，伍尔夫第一次精神崩溃。
1904年2月，伍尔夫的父亲去世。
5月，伍尔夫第二次精神崩溃，并试图跳窗自杀。
1904年末和Vanessa, Thoby, Adrian搬到布卢姆斯伯里的戈登广场46号（46 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury）。
12月14日，弗吉尼亚在《卫报》上第一次发表作品——一篇未署名的书评。
后出版了第一批散文，并开始经常性地为《时代文学增刊》（《Times Literary Supplement》）写书评，同时在一间在职成人夜校Morley College任教。
Thoby的‘Thursday Evenings’宣告布卢姆斯伯里组织（Bloomsbury Group）的成立，伍尔夫是其中的主将。
著名的布卢姆斯伯里团体——一个知识精英的沙龙，其核心成员有：作家伦纳德·伍尔夫（弗吉尼亚的丈夫），艺术批评家克莱夫·贝尔（范妮莎的丈夫），传记作家利顿·斯特雷奇，文学批评家德斯蒙德·麦卡锡，经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯，画家邓肯·格兰特，艺术批评家罗杰·弗莱，作家福斯特。
弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的生平介绍英文版
弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的生平介绍英文版Virginia Woolf was born in London, as the daughter of Julia Jackson Duckworth, a member of the Duckworth publishing family, and Leslie Stephen, a literary critic, a friend of Meredith, Henry James, Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, and George Eliot, and the founder of the Dictionary of National Biography. Leslie Stephen's first wife had been the daughter of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray. His daughter Laura from the first marriage was institutionalized because of mental retardation. In a memoir dated 1907 she wrote of her parents, "Beautiful often, even to our eyes, were their gestures, their glances of pure and unutterable delight in each other."Woolf was educated at home by her father, and grew up at the family home at Hyde Park Gate. In mddle age she described this period in a letter to Vita Sackville-West: "Think how I was brought up! No school; mooning about alone among my father's books; never any chance to pick up all that goes on in schools throwing balls; ragging; slang; vulgarities; scenes; jealousies!" Woolf's youth was shadowed by series of emotional shocks - her half-brother Gerald Duckworth sexually abused her and her mother died when she was in her early teens. Stella Duckworth, her half sister, took her mother's place, but died a scant two years later. Leslie Stephen, her father, suffered a slow death from cancer. When her brother Toby died in 1906, she had a prolonged mental breakdown.Following the death of her father in 1904, Woolf moved with her sister Vanessa and two brothers to the house in Bloomsbury, which would become central to activities of the Bloomsbury group. "And part of the charm of those Thursday evenings was that they were astonishingly abstract. It was not only that Moore's book [Principia Ethica, 1903] had set us all discussing philosophy, art, religion; it was that the atmosphere - if in spite of Hawtrey I may use that word - was abstract in the extreme. The young men I have named had no 'manners' in the Hyde Park Gate sense. They criticized our arguments as severely as their own. They never seemed to notice how we were dressed or if we were nice looking or not." (from Moments of Being, ed. by Jeanne Schulkind, 1976) Vanessa agreed to marry the critic of art and literature Clive Bell. Virginia's economic situation improved she she inherited ￡2,500 from an aunt.From 1905 Woolf began to write for the Times Literary Supplement. In 1912 she married the political theorist Leonard Woolf, who had returned from serving as an administarator in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Woolf published her first book, The Voyage Out, in 1915. In 1919 appeared Night and Day, a realistic novel set in London, contrasting the lives of two friends, Katherine and Mary. Jacob's Room (1922) was based upon the life and death of her brother Toby.With To the Lighthouse (1927) and The Waves (1931) Woolf established herself as one of the leading writers of modernism. On the publication of To the Lighthouse, Lytton Strachey wrote: "It is really most unfortunate that she rules out copulation - notthe ghost of it visible - so that her presentation of things becomes little more... than an arabesque - an exquisite arabesque, of course." The Waves is perhaps Woolf's most difficult novel. It follows in soliloquies the lives of six persons from childhood to old age. Louis Kronenberger noted in The New York Times that Woolf was not really corncerned with people, but "the poetic symbols, of life--the changing seasons, day and night, bread and wine, fire and cold, time and space, birth and death and change."In these works Woolf developed innovative literary techniques in order to reveal women's experience and find an alternative to the male-dominated views of reality. In her essay 'Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown' Woolf argued that John Galsworthy, H.G. Wells and other realistic English novelist dealt in surfaces but to get underneath these surfaces one must use less restricted presentation of life, and such devices as stream of consciousness and interior monologue and abandon linear narrative.Mrs. Dalloway (1925) formed a giant web of thoughts of several groups of people during the course of a single day. There is little action, but much movement in time from present to past and back again through the characters memories. The central figure, Clarissa Dalloway, is a wealthy London hostess. She spends her day in London preparing for her evening party. She recalls her life before World War I, berofe her marriage to Richard Dalloway, and her friendship with the unconventional Sally Seton, and her relationship with Peter Walsh. At her party she never meets the shell-shocked veteran Septimus Smith, one of the first Englishmen to enlist in the war. Sally returns as Lady Rossetter, Peter Walsh is still enamored with Mrs. Dalloway, the prime minister arrives, and Smith commits suicide. To the Lighthouse had a tripartite structure: part 1 presented the Victorian family life, the second part covers a ten-year period, and the third part is a long account of a morning in which ghosts are laid to rest. The central figure in the novel, Mrs. Ramsay, was based on Woolf's mother. Also other characters in the book were drawn from Woolf's family memories."So that is marriage, Lily thought, a man and a woman looking at a girl throwing a ball." (from To the Lighthouse)During the inter-war period Woolf was at the center of literary society both in London and at her home in Rodmell, near Lewes, Sussex. She lived in Richmond from 1915 to 1924, in Bloomsbury from 1924 to 1939, and maintained the house in Rodmell from 1919-41. The Bloomsbury group was initially based at the Gordon Square residence of Virginia and her sister Vanessa (Bell). The consolidation of the group's beliefs in unifying aesthetic concerns occurred under the influence of the philosopher G.E. Moore (1873-1958). The group included among others E.M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell, Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, and Leonard Woolf. By the early 1930s, the group ceased to exist in its original form.In the event of a Nazi invastion, Woolf and Leonard had made provisions to kill themselves. After the final attack of mental illness Woolf loaded her pockets with stones and drowned herself in the River Ouse near her Sussex home on March 28, 1941. On her note to her husband she wrote: "I have a feeling I shall go mad. I cannot go on longer in these terrible times. I hear voices and cannot concentrate on my work.I have fought against it but cannot fight any longer. I owe all my happiness to you but cannot go on and spoil your life." Her suicide has colored interpretations of her works, which have been read perhaps too straightly as explorations of her own traumas.Virginia Woolf's concern with feminist thematics are dominant in A Room of One's Own (1929). In it she made her famous statement: "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." The book originated from two expanded and revised lectures the author presented at Cambridge University's Newnham and Girton Colleges in October 1928. It deals with the obstacles and prejudices that have hindered women writers, and analyzes the differences between women as objects of representation and women as authors of representation. Woolf argued that a change in the forms of literature was necessary because most literature had been "made by men out of their own needs for their own uses." In the last chapter it explores the possibility of an androgynous mind. Woolf refers to Coleridge who said that a great mind is androgynous and states that when this fusion takes place the mind is fully fertilized and uses all its faculties. "Perhaps a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more than a mind that is purely feminine..." Three Guineas (1938) examined the necessity for women to make a claim for their own history and literature. Orlando (1928), a fantasy novel, traced the career of the androgynous protagonist from a masculine identity within the Elisabethan court to a feminine identity in 1928. The book was illustrated with pictures of Woolf's lover, Vita Sackville-West, dressed as Orlando. According to Nigel Nicolson, the initiative to start the affair came as much on Virginia's side as on the more experienced Vita's. Their relationship coincided with a period of great creative productivity in Woolf's career as a writer. In 1994 Eileen Atkins dramatized their letters in her play Vita and Virginia, starring Atkins and Vanessa Redgrave.As an essayist Woolf was prolific, publishing some 500 essays in periodicals and collections, beginning 1905. Characteristic for Woolf's essays are dialogic nature of style and continual questioning of opinion - her reader is often directly addressed, in a conversational tone, and her rejection of an authoritative voice links her essays to the tradition of Montaigne.。
Virginia Woolf 介绍 PPT
pay attention to Ellen’s inner voice. Try to find her inner essence as a woman.
(PTavhroaeicr8eew,9woof-am-gs--easntnihu’ssian…sphe…pelrrfse-toahcacsiathhtseieehwveEeedlnmliedt nneb’antTctueknardtrnoyed;rthsfteraensetda…gwe.i.l,il)t. was her ◆ reflect the stream of consciousness technique ◆ poetic,symbolic,and visual feature.
Bloomsbury
Virginia Woolf
Duncan Grant
Lytton Strachey
John Maynard Keynes
Virginia Woolf’s Life
Death(at the age of 59)
in 1941; depression
(fear for another nervous breakdown)
Father: a famous literature critic and editor
Educated at home
influence her career
● Experiences of nervous breakdown
13-year-old, her mother died;
sexual abuse by her half-brothers
A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction
伍尔夫诗歌
伍尔夫诗歌
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）是20世纪著名的英国作家，她的创作领域以小说为主，而不是诗歌。
伍尔夫的作品以其独特的叙事风格和对心理学的深入探索而著名。
她的小说涉及到许多复杂的主题，如性别、人类关系、社会结构等。
然而，尽管伍尔夫大部分作品都是小说，但她也曾写过一些散文和短诗。
这些诗歌作品往往与她的小说作品相伴而行，反映了她细腻的观察力和对人类情感的深刻理解。
然而，伍尔夫的诗歌作品并没有得到像她的小说那样的广泛关注和评论。
虽然伍尔夫的诗歌创作相对较少，但她的作品中仍然有一些著名的诗歌。
比如，她的一首名为《磨坊》（The Lighthouse）
的诗歌，是她小说《到灯塔去》（To the Lighthouse）的一个
重要主题之一。
这首诗以其韵律和音韵的美感，表达了诗人对时间、记忆和人类经验的思考。
总而言之，伍尔夫的诗歌虽然不如她的小说作品广为人知，但仍然展示出她独特的文学才华和对人类内心世界的深刻洞察力。
这些诗歌作品为我们提供了一个更加全面了解伍尔夫作品全貌的途径，而她的小说则更为广泛地被认为是她最重要的艺术遗产之一。
Virginia_Woolf 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫
• Part 10: From servants making last- minute party preparations through the end of the party and the appearance of Clarissa. Early night–3:00 a.m.
Structure: one day from morning to night in one woman’s life
• Part 1: From the opening scene, in which Clarissa sets out to buy flowers, to her return home. Early morning–11:00 a.m.
Works
EARLY WORKS
The Voyage Out, 1915 《出海》 Night and Day, 1919 《日夜》
LATER WORKS
Jacob’ s Room, 1922 《雅各的房间》 Mrs. Dalloway, 1925 《黛洛维夫人》 To the Lighthouse, 1927 《到灯塔去》 Orlando, 1928 《奥尔兰多》 The Waves, 1931 《海浪》 The Years, 1937 《年月》 Between the Acts, 1941 《幕与幕之间》
Life
• 她把艺术看得高于一切。不过，她每完成一部作 品常会出现病兆。性格多变的她经常在脸上看出 她内心的痛苦。好在，她患病期间，她的丈夫对 她体贴入微，使她深受感动，“要不是为了她的 缘故，我早开枪自杀了。”
英国文学__伍尔芙_及_“意识流”__——牛钒冰_2
《都柏林人》(Dubliners) 和《一个青年艺术家的画像》
乔伊斯在早期出版的短篇小说集《都柏林人》中深入 的剖析都柏林社会发展的迟缓和麻木。《都柏林人》的 主题是“顿悟”，意指对灵魂或其他事物突然间的发现 或自觉。 《一个青年艺术家的画像》就是那篇乔伊斯拟改写的 《英雄斯蒂芬》。这部小说具有强烈的自传性质，记述 的是一个天才男人逐渐成熟并认清自我的过程。主要人 物名叫斯蒂芬· 德拉鲁斯，影射作家本人。这部小说中乔 伊斯的意识流创作技巧初露端倪，他运用大量心理独白， 而且更多的关注人的内心世界而非客观现实。
弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf,1882---1941）
伍尔芙小说不注重表现事件、人物之间的关 系，而把创作重心放在对人物思想感情流程的再 现上，讲究环境和景物描写的印象效果。她的文 笔富于音乐性，并运用音乐上的“曲式学”结构 作品，给读者以美感。 伍尔芙被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说家之一， 现代主义文学潮流的先锋；不過她本人並不喜 欢某些现代主义作者，如乔伊斯。她对英语语 言革新良多，在小说中尝试意识流的写作方法， 试图去描绘在人们心底的潜意识。爱德华.摩根. 福斯特称她将英语“朝着光明的方向推进了一 小步”。她在文学上的成就和创新性至今仍然 产生著影响。
叙述一开始就直接进入人物内心，描写达罗卫夫 人迈出家门走上伦敦街头的感受。久病初愈，她 感到伦敦的早晨特别美好，阳光和煦，空气清新， 这使她回想起18岁花季少女时代在英格兰度假胜 地波顿清晨推开窗户时一份同样的清新感觉。那 时她与情人彼得·沃什卿卿我我的情景，依然历 历在目。彼得这几天就要从印度回来，这一念头 又把她带回到现在。流动不已的思绪就是这样在 过去与现在之间来回跳跃。
意识流小说的主要代表人物及代表作:
马赛尔· 普鲁斯特(1871—1922),法国作家,意识流文学的奠基者。 《追忆似水年华》 弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf )（1882—1941),英国著名小说家、批评家,也是 一位著名的意识流作家和意识流小说的奠基者。 《墙上的斑点》、 《达罗卫夫人》、《到灯塔去》 詹姆斯· 乔伊斯（James Joyce)（1882—1941）爱尔兰作家,是意识流文学代表 作家之一。 《一个艺术家青年时代的写照》、 《尤利西斯》 威廉· 福克纳(1897~1962)美国作家,是意识流文学的又一杰出代表。 《我弥留之际》 、 《喧哗与骚动》 乔伊斯· 卡洛尔· 欧茨(1938~ 的又一代表人物。 )，美国当代享有盛名的女作家，意识流小说在美国
Woolf
简介弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf1882年1月25日—1941年3月28日）。
英国女作家，被认为是二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋之一。
在两次世界大战期间，伍尔芙是伦敦文学界的核心人物，她同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group）的成员之一。
其最知名的小说包括《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room）。
生平以及著作生平以及著作出生于伦敦的伍尔芙是在家中接受教育的。
结婚以前她的名字是艾德琳·弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬（Adeline Virginia Stephen）。
1895年母亲去世之后，她第一次精神崩溃。
后来她在自传《存在的瞬间》（Moments of Being）中道出她和姐姐瓦内萨·贝尔（Vanessa Bell）曾遭受同母异父的哥哥乔治和杰瑞德·杜克沃斯（Gerald Duckworth）的性侵犯。
1904年她父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士（Sir Leslie Stephen，著名的编辑和文学批评家）去世之后，她和瓦内萨迁居到了布卢姆斯伯里（Bloomsbury）。
后来以她们和几位朋友为中心创立了布卢姆茨伯里派文人团体。
她在1905年开始职业写作生涯，刚开始是为《泰晤士报文学增刊》撰稿。
1912年和雷纳德·伍尔夫（Leonard Woolf）结婚，丈夫是一位公务员、政治理论家。
对于自己的婚姻，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫曾大犯踌躇。
她就像自己的小说《到灯塔去》里的莉丽，尽管认为爱情宛如壮丽的火焰，但因为必须以焚弃个性的“珍宝”为代价，因此视婚姻为“丧失自我身份的灾难”。
一个女人抱持这样悲观的看法，又是在三十岁的“高龄”上才开始构筑“二人空间”，其困难是可想而知的。
然而事后证明，弗吉尼亚的忧虑纯属多余，倒是她的心理症结落下的性恐惧和性冷淡，使婚姻生活从一开始就走上了歧路。
Woolf
• Mrs Dalloway (published on 14 May 1925) details a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway in post-World War I England. It is one of Woolf's best-known novels. • Themes ：It is created from two short stories, "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" and the unfinished "The Prime Minister", the novel's story is of Clarissa's preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time , in and out of the characters' minds to construct an image of Clarissa's life and of the inter-war social structure.
弗吉尼亚伍尔夫
弗吉尼亚伍尔夫弗吉尼亚伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）是20世纪最具影响力的英国女作家之一，她以其复杂的文学风格和对性别和社会认同问题的深入思考而闻名。
她的作品广泛涵盖小说、散文、艺术评论和日记等不同体裁，以其独特的叙述方式和意义深远的主题而备受赞誉。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫于1882年1月25日出生在英国伦敦，她出生在一个富有的知识分子家庭，家族拥有出版社和文学沙龙。
这种教育背景使她从小接触到文学和艺术，并且培养了她对写作的浓厚兴趣。
伍尔夫的作品以其流畅的叙述风格和突破性的主题而引人注目。
她运用内心意识流的技巧，将读者带入主角的思维世界，探索人类意识的奥秘。
她的作品强调人与人之间的连接和人类集体的经历。
其中最著名的作品包括《豪斯特里特》、《达洛维夫人》和《海浪》等。
伍尔夫的作品中，她对性别和社会角色的讨论尤为突出。
她有力地挑战了社会对女性的刻板印象，并将女性的内心感受置于文学的中心。
她的作品探索了女性的自由意志、自我认知和自我解放的重要性。
伍尔夫的作品在二十世纪初为女性主义作家设定了重要的基调，影响了整个文学界的发展。
此外，伍尔夫还以其对艺术的独特见解而著名。
她对写作和艺术的评论以及对当代文学、绘画和音乐的批评，展现出她对艺术的深入理解和独到的观点。
她的散文集《写作的意义》和《现代小说》被广泛认为是文学评论的经典之作。
在她的一生中，伍尔夫面临了许多心理健康问题和心理困扰。
她曾长期患有抑郁症，并在1941年投河自尽。
尽管她的一生经历了许多矛盾和痛苦，但她的作品却成为了文学史上的经典之一，深深地影响了后世的作家和读者。
值得一提的是，伍尔夫在她的作品中表现出了对性别的关注和对女性解放的呼吁。
她的作品为后来的女性主义文学作家铺平了道路，开启了女性文学的新篇章。
伍尔夫的作品不仅帮助女性找到了自己的声音，同时也挑战了当时所流行的权威文学观念。
总之，弗吉尼亚伍尔夫是一位开创性的作家，她的作品深刻地影响了文学界，并对性别和社会认同问题的思考做出了重要贡献。
文学鉴赏Virginia Woolf和弗吉尼亚
Virginia Woolf和弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙是同义词，已合并。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙百科名片弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf，或译弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙，1882年1月25日－1941年3月28日）。
英国女作家，被誉为二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。
两次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物，同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group）的成员之一。
最知名的小说包括《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room）。
目录弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙生辰：1882年1月25日—1941年3月28日籍贯：英国身份：著名作家，女权主义家编辑本段个人生平弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf1882年1月25日—1941年3月28日）。
英国女作家，批判家，意识流小说的代表人物之一。
《墙上的斑点》是她第一篇典型的意识流作品。
（被认为是二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋之一。
在两次世界大战期间，伍尔芙是伦敦文学界的核心人物，她同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group）的成员之一。
其最知名的小说包括《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse ）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room）。
复杂的家庭背景，这个9口之家、两群年龄与性格不合的子女经常发生一些矛盾与冲突。
而伍尔芙同母异父的两位兄长对她的伤害给她留下了永久的精神创伤。
1895年母亲去世之后，她第一次精神崩溃。
后来她在自传《存在的瞬间》（Moments of Being）中道出她和姐姐瓦内萨·贝尔（Vanessa Bell）曾遭受同母异父的哥哥乔治和杰瑞德·杜克沃斯弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Gerald Duckworth）的性侵犯。
弗吉尼亚伍尔夫
对于拉姆奇夫妇的小儿子詹姆斯来说，灯
塔在他童年时期是"一座银灰色的、神秘 的白塔，长着一只黄色的眼睛，到了 黄昏时分，那眼睛就突然温柔地睁开。
"神秘的灯塔成了小詹姆斯日夜的期盼。
但当他长大以后，真地驾船驶进灯塔 时，却发现那只是一座"僵硬笔直屹立 着的灯塔，"上面还有几扇窗户和晾晒 的衣物。
夫人是怎样和世界抗争，从而达 到内心的和谐安宁，一切井然有序
呢?
拉姆齐夫人的法宝是博爱众生， 用她女性的感性和关爱，使周围的 人快乐满足，从而抵御那个不尽如 人意的现实世界。
艺术家莉丽·布里斯科
融合理性与感性的 一个具有颠覆力量的女性角色。 莉丽献身艺术，想用手中的画笔 来描绘现实与艺术之间的一道桥 梁， 但是她发现消极的躲避与推 脱是难以完成这一任务的。 谙熟理性的创作手法：在创作 中尊重色彩犹如拉姆齐先生尊重
窗户——钱钟书
又是春天，窗子可以常开了。春天 从窗外进来，人在屋子里坐不住，就从 门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！ 到处是 阳光，不像射破屋里阴深的那 样明亮；到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风， 不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是 鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的 寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白，春天是 该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框 子。
• 心灵接纳了成千上万个印象——琐屑的、 奇异的、倏忽即逝的或者用锋利的钢刀深 深地铭刻在心头的印象”，
• 作家应描绘出“这种变化多端、不可名状、 难以界定、解说的内在精神”，来揭示内 心活动的本质。
• 伍尔芙的这种创作理念也决定了海洋这 一意象在《到灯塔去》中正是人物在不同 阶段对现实生活的内心感受和情感反映。
到达以后的灯塔
意识流作家 弗吉尼亚伍尔芙
——疯癫下的意识流创作
• 其父是文学家兼评论家莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士1905年2 月去世。这使她精神崩溃，并试图跳窗自杀。自幼受 其父影响很深。
• 1895 年，她的母亲去世，她遭遇第一次精神崩溃。 • 1905 年，她开始以写作为职业。 • 1912 年，她和雷纳德·伍尔芙 (Leonard Woolf)结婚，
三、时间、空间的蒙太奇
蒙太奇：原本为建筑学术语，其含义为构成、组装，在20世纪初被运用于现代电 影艺术，指把不同时间或地点的各种镜头进行剪辑、组合、穿插、并置或叠化， 以表达主题的流动性。给文学创作带来了深刻影响，因为电影蒙太奇在创作中以 影像或形象进行思维，呈现出一连串不断流动着的形象画面，与人类思维规律具 有本质上的相似性。
《达洛维夫人》，开篇之处就出现一系列的自由联想。将读者直接带入 人物的内心世界。在一个晴朗的早晨，克拉丽莎打开窗户，正思考着为 晚上的聚会购买食物。美好的天气使她联想起自己逝去的青春，以及她 年轻时于皮德·沃尔士的热恋情形随后她又思考着自己嫁给可靠的达洛 维而不是捉摸不透的沃尔士是否是正确的决定，在这系列自由联想之中， 从她打开落地窗呼吸到早晨的新鲜的空气，思绪又跳入现实生活中，走 进回忆中，又回到了自我分析。
——赛普蒂默斯史密斯
战争中的替罪羊。他作为一名志愿兵参加战争，但残酷的阵 地战使他患上了弹震性精神病。战后的一天晚上，他突然失 去了感觉，便用婚姻作为避难所，他并不爱妻子卢西娅，却 跟她结了婚，他 “欺骗了她，引诱了她”，他只想在她那 寻求一种安全感。但在战争中死去的好友的亡灵不断地折磨 着他，加上当时社会的冷漠以及对人性的压抑，他子卢西
五、视角转换
视觉转化是指对于人物性格的塑造不是通过直接描述，而是通过自 我的分析及他人的内心世界和心理活动。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙——英国女作家
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙——英国女作家
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙介绍
中文名：弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙
外文名：Virginia Woolf
星座：水瓶座
出生日期：1882-1-25(英国伦敦)
职业：编剧
去世日期：1941-3-28(英国伦敦苏塞克斯郡刘易斯，自杀)
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙1882年1月25日出生在英国伦敦海德公园门22号。
其父是文学家兼评论家。
自幼受其父影响很深，她的许多作品与早年经历有关。
在结婚以前，她的名字是艾德琳·弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬(Adeline Virginia Stephen)。
在1895年，她的母亲去世之后，她也遭遇了第一次的精神崩溃。
她在1905年开始以写作作为职业。
1912年她和雷纳德·伍尔芙结婚，她丈夫是一位公务员、政治理论家。
她的第一部小说《The Voyage Out》在1915年出版。
1941年3月28日，她在自己的口袋里装满了石头，投入了位于罗德麦尔(Rodmell)她家附近的一条河流(欧塞河，River Ouse)。
普遍认为伍尔芙是引导现代主义潮流的先锋;她被认为是二十世纪最伟大的小说家之一和同时也是现代主义者。
她大大地革新了英语语言。
她在小说中尝试意识流的写作方法，试图去描绘在人们心底里的潜意识。
VirginiaWoolf英文简介
VirginiaWoolf英文简介Adeline Virginia Woolf（25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."Early lifeVirginia Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen in London in 1882 to Sir Leslie Stephen and Julia Prinsep Stephen (née Jackson).Virginia's father, Sir Leslie Stephen (1832–1904), was a notable historian, author, critic and mountaineer.[1] He was the editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, a work which would influence Woolf's later experimental biographies. Virginia's mother Julia Stephen (1846–1895) was a renowned beauty, born in India to Dr. John and Maria Pattle Jackson. Woolf was educated by her parents in their literate and well-connected household at 22 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington. Her parents had each been married previously and been widowed, and, consequently, the household contained the children of three marriages.According to Woolf's memoirs, her most vivid childhood memories were not of London but of St. Ives in Cornwall, wherethe family spent every summer until 1895. The Stephens' summer home, Talland House, looked out over Porthminster Bay, and is still standing today, though somewhat altered. Memories of these family holidays and impressions of the landscape, especially the Godrevy Lighthouse, informed the fiction Woolf wrote in later years, most notably To the Lighthouse.The sudden death of her mother in 1895, when Virginia was 13, and that of her half-sister Stella two years later, led to the first of Virginia's several nervous breakdowns. She was, however, able to take courses of study (some at degree level) in Greek, Latin, German and history at the Ladies’ Department of King’s College London between 1897 and 1901,and this brought her into contact with some of the early reformers of women’s higher education such as Clara Pater, George Warr and Lilian Faithfull (Principal of the King’s Ladies’ Department and noted as one of the Steamboat ladies).[4] Her sister Vanessa also studied Latin, Italian, art and architecture at King’s Ladies’ Department.The death of her father in 1904 provoked her most alarming collapse and she was briefly institutionalised.[3] Modern scholars (including her nephew and biographer, Quentin Bell) have suggested[5] her breakdowns and subsequent recurring depressive periods were also influenced by the sexual abuse to which she and her sister Vanessa were subjected by their half-brothers George and Gerald Duckworth (which Woolf recalls in her autobiographical essays A Sketch of the Past and 22 Hyde Park Gate).Throughout her life, Woolf was plagued by periodic mood swings and associated illnesses. Though this instability often affected her social life, her literary productivity continued withfew breaks throughout her life.BloomsburyAfter the death of their father and Virginia's second nervous breakdown, Vanessa and Adrian sold 22 Hyde Park Gate and bought a house at 46 Gordon Square in Bloomsbury.Woolf came to know Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell, Rupert Brooke, Saxon Sydney-Turner, Duncan Grant, Leonard Woolf and Roger Fry, who together formed the nucleus of the intellectual circle of writers and artists known as the Bloomsbury Group. Several members of the group attained notoriety in 1910 with the Dreadnought hoax, which Virginia participated in disguised as a male Abyssinian royal. Her complete 1940 talk on the Hoax was discovered and is published in the memoirs collected in the expanded edition of The Platform of Time (2008).In 1907 Vanessa married Clive Bell, and the couple's interest in avant garde art would have an important influence on Woolf's development as an author.[6]Virginia Woolf married writer Leonard Woolf in 1912. Despite his low material status (Woolf referring to Leonard during their engagement as a "penniless Jew") the couple shared a close bond. Indeed, in 1937, Woolf wrote in her diary: "Love-making –after 25 years can’t bear to be separate ... yousee it is enormous pleasure being wanted: a wife. And our marriage so complete." The two also collaborated professionally, in 1917 founding the Hogarth Press, which subsequently published Virginia's novels along with works by T.S. Eliot, Laurens van der Post, and others.[7] The Press also commissioned works by contemporary artists, including Dora Carrington and Vanessa Bell.The ethos of the Bloomsbury group encouraged a liberalapproach to sexuality, and in 1922 she met the writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West, wife of Harold Nicolson. After a tentative start, they began a sexual relationship, which, according to Sackville- West, was only twice consummated.[8] In 1928, Woolf presented Sackville-West with Orlando, a fantastical biography in which the eponymous hero's life spans three centuries and both genders. Nigel Nicolson, Vita Sackville-West's son, wrote "The effect of Vita on Virginia is all contained in Orlando, the longest and most charming love letter in literature, in which she explores Vita, weaves her in and out of the centuries, tosses her from one sex to the other, plays with her, dresses her in furs, lace and emeralds, teases her, flirts with her, drops a veil of mist around her".[9] Aftertheir affair ended, the two women remained friends until Woolf's death in 1941.WorkWoolf began writing professionally in 1900, initially for the Times Literary Supplement with a journalistic piece about Haworth, home of the Bront? family.[10] Her first novel, The Voyage Out, was published in 1915 by her half-brother's imprint, Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd. This novel was originally entitled Melymbrosia, but Woolf repeatedly changed the draft.Woolf went on to publish novels and essays as a public intellectual to both critical and popular success..Woolf is considered one of the greatest innovators in the English language. In her works she experimented with stream-of-consciousness and the underlying psychological as well as emotional motives of characters. Woolf's reputation declined sharply after World War II, but her eminence was re-established with the surge of Feminist criticism in the 1970s.[14]Woolf's work was criticized for epitomizing the narrow world of the upper-middle class English intelligentsia. She was also criticized by some as an anti-Semite, despite her being happily married to a Jewish man. This anti-Semitism is drawn from the fact that she often wrote of Jewish characters in stereotypical archetypes and generalizations, including describing some of her Jewish characters as physically repulsive and dirty.[15].The intensity of Virginia Woolf's poetic vision elevates the ordinary, sometimes banal settings –often wartime environments – of most of her novels. For example, Mrs Dalloway (1925) centres on the efforts of Clarissa Dalloway, a middle-aged society woman, to organise a party, even as her life is paralleled with that of Septimus Warren Smith, a working-class veteran who has returned from the First World War bearing deep psychological scars.[19]Woolf was inspired to write Flush: A Biography book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play, The Barretts of Wimpole Street. In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action. The play was produced for the first time in 1932 by actress Katharine Cornell.Her last work, Between the Acts (1941) sums up and magnifies Woolf's chief preoccupations: the transformation of life through art, sexual ambivalence, and meditation on the themes of flux of time and life, presented simultaneously as corrosion and rejuvenation—all set in a highly imaginative and symbolic narrative encompassing almost all of English history. .Her works have been translated into over 50 languages, by writers such as Jorge Luis Borges and Marguerite Yourcenar. DeathAfter completing the manuscript of her last novel, Betweenthe Acts, Woolf fell into a depression similar to that which she had earlier experienced. The onset of World War II, the destruction of her London home during the Blitz, and the cool reception given to her biography of her late friend Roger Fry all worsened her condition until she was unable to work.[12] On 28 March 1941, Woolf put on her overcoat, filled its pockets with stones, and walked into the River Ouse near her home and drowned herself. Woolf's body was not found until 18 April 1941.[25] Her husband buried her cremated remainsunder an elm in the garden of Monk's House, their home in Rodmell, Sussex.In her last note to her husband she wrote: Dearest, I feel certain that I am going mad again. I feel we can't go through another of those terrible times. And I shan't recover this time. I begin to hear voices, and I can't concentrate. So I am doing what seems the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness. You have been in every way all that anyone could be. I don't think two people could have been happier 'til this terrible disease came. I can't fight any longer. I know that I am spoiling your life, that without me you could work. And you will I know. You see I can't even write this properly. I can't read. What I want to say is I owe all the happiness of my life to you. You have been entirely patient with me and incredibly good. I want to say that –everybody knows it. If anybody could have saved me it would have been you. Everything has gone from me but the certainty of your goodness. I can't go on spoiling your life any longer. I don't think two people could have been happier than we have been.。
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Literary Life
Family’s Influence
Lesbian (同性恋 ) Feminism(女权主义)
Suicide
Works
Literary Life
• Virginia Woolf (1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English novelist and essayist and critic, She was also a feminist, socialist, and pacifist（和平主义者） regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the Twentieth Century.
Jacob’ s Room, 1922 《雅各的房间》 Moments of Being 《存在的瞬间》 Mrs. Dalloway, 1925, 1941, 《黛洛维夫人》 ATo Room of One’s Own 1929 《一间自己的 the Lighthouse, 1927 , 《到灯塔去》 房间》 1928 《奥尔兰多》 Orlando, The Waves, 1931 《海浪》 The Years, 1937 《年月》 Between the Acts, 1941 《幕与幕之间》
family
Vanessa Stephen Thoby Stephen Virginia Stephen
Julia Stephen (mother)
Gerald Duckworth George Duckworth Stella Duckworth
Adrian Stephen
Laura Sir Leslie Stephen Stephen （father）
• During the interwar period(两战期间), Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group(布鲁姆斯伯里团体) .
Bloomsbury Group
anyone could be. I know that I'm spoiling your life and
without me you could work, and you will, I know. You see, I can't even write this properly.”
Virginia's letter to Leonard
Virginia Woolf
John Maynard Keynes
Duncan Grant
Lytton Strachey
• In Virginia’s works, she used a technique called “stream of consciousness （意识 ? What is stream of consciousness 流）”, • Flows of perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human mind; • A literary method of representing such a blending of mental processes in fictional characters, usually in an unpunctuated(未 加标点的) or disjointed(杂乱的)form of interior monologue (内心独白)
Sir Leslie Stephen(father)
An editor, critic, and biographer, and his connection to William Thackeray (he was the widower of Thackeray's youngest daughter)
Virginia's letter to Leonard
“ Dearest, I feel certain I am going mad again. I feel we
can't go through another of these terrible times again
and I shan't recover this time. I begin to hear voices and can't concentrate. So I'm doing what seems to be the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness. You have been in every way all that
PositivBiblioteka Family Influence Julia Stephen (mother) Her mother was born in India ,later moved to England and served as a model for painters
Photographic portrait of Julia Stephen, mother of Woolf
“What I want to say is that I owe all the happiness of
my life to you. You have been entirely patient with me. And incredibly good. Everything is gone from me but the certainty of your goodness. I can't go on spoiling your life any longer. I don't think two people could
Suicide
In 1941, as England entered a second world war, and at the onset of another nervous breakdown she feared would be permanent. Woolf drowned herself in the River Ouse near her house in Richmond.
have been happier than we have been. ”
EARLY WORKS
Works
The Voyage Out, 1915 《出海》 Night and Day, 1919 《日夜》
COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS, literary commentaries LATER WORKS
V irg in ia S te p h e n
a n d L e o n a rd W o o lf
Negative family influence
The sudden death of her mother in 1895, when Virginia was 13, and that of her halfsister Stella two years later, led to the first of Virginia’s several nervous breakdown. (bipolar disorder躁郁症；maniadepression躁狂抑郁症) And the death of her father in 1904, she moved to the Bloomsbury area.
Her breakdowns also was influenced by the sexual assault（性侵犯） She and Vanessa were subjected to by their half-brothers （同父异母的） George and Gerald Duckworth
Her two husbands
Strachey , Wolf’s First husband, unfortunately ,he is a gay, so shortly after marriage they divorced. But Strachey turn to be the life's closest friends to wolf, and introduces Leonard to her. Leonard, Wolf’s second husband, gave Wolf meticulous(一丝不苟的) care in her life .Without him we could not see Wolf’s most surprised masterpiece today.
Lesbianism 同性恋
• Suffering sexual assault（性侵犯） • Frigidity (性恐惧)and sexual fear • Cling to her sister seriously
Feminist
• She was very much concerned with the rights and position of women, especially of intelligent women and women writers. • She actively took part in the struggle for woman’s rights of suffrage & rights to work which is shown in her Three Guineas. • She wrote several essays on the subject, notably in A Room of One’s Own.