云南省昭通市植烟土壤主要养分状况评价
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云南省昭通市植烟土壤主要养分状况评价
作者:思昱石剑罗以贵等
来源:《安徽农业科学》2015年第16期
摘要[目的] 为研究昭通市各烟区的土壤养分情况。[方法] 在2011~2013年,对昭通市昭阳区、巧家县、彝良县、镇雄县、永善县、大关县、威信县、鲁甸县8个县区土壤进行调查分析。[结果] 昭通市绝大部分植烟土壤的pH适宜烤烟生长。有机质含量丰富,全氮含量丰富,土壤供氮能力强,水解氮含量总体满足烤烟生长。全磷和全钾含量较低,速效磷和速效钾含量处于中低水平。33.46%的植烟土壤氯离子含量低于30 mg/kg。[结论]昭通市大部分植烟土壤能满足优质烟叶原料的生产,但宜适当增施磷钾肥。同时,对于少部分氯离子含量低于30 mg/kg 的少氯土壤,应适当增加氯元素肥料的施用。
关键词昭通市;土壤养分;评价
中图分类号S158.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)16-116-04
Evaluation on Main Nutrient Status of Planting Fluecured Tobacco Soil in Zhaotong, Yunnan
SI Yu1, SHI Jian2 , LUO Yigui1* et al
(1.Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming, Yunnan 650201; 2. Hongta Tobacco (Group) Co. Ltd. of Zhaotong Cigarette Factory,Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to study soil nutrient contents in fluecured tobacco growing area of Zhaotong City. [Method]Tobacco growing soil samples in Zhaoyang District,Qiaoojia County, Yiliang County, Zhenxiong County, Yongshan County, Daguan County,Weixin County, Ludian County were collected and analyzed in 2011-2013. [Result] Almost all soil pH was available to the growth of fluecured tobacco in Zhaotong. The organic matter in soil was very abundant, nitrogen content was high, and the capacity of soil nitrogen supply was outstanding. And the amount of available nitrogen met the demand with fluecured tobacco growth. The levels of total phosphorus content and total potassium content were lower than the level of the whole. The level of available phosphorus and available potassium were at a low level. 33.46% chloride ion content in tobacco planting soil was less than 30 mg/kg.[Conclusion]Most tobaccoplanting soil in Zhaotong City could meet the demand of the production of sound tobacco, but it was suitable for the proper application of P and K fertilizer. As for part soil with a few chlorine which was inferior to 30mg/kg,the application amount of chlorine fertilizer should be increased.
Key words Zhaotong City;Nutrient status of the soil;Evaluation
适宜的土壤类型是生产优质烟叶的基础。烟草适合种植在中等肥力的土壤上,所以植烟土壤要求氮素含量中等偏低,钾、磷相对丰富,微量元素充分或至少不十分缺乏[1]。笔者对昭通市主要县区的植烟土壤pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全钾、全磷、氯离子含量进行测定及分析,为了解目前昭通市植烟土壤的肥力现状、明确植烟土壤中各养分的丰缺状况以及植烟土壤改良和烤烟生产的施肥措施提供理论支撑。
1材料与方法
1.1土壤取样
根据昭通烟区的情况,在2011~2013年昭通市昭阳区、巧家县、彝良县、镇雄县、永善县、大关县、威信县、鲁甸县8个县区旱地分别取样107、42、61、150、19、26、28、78个,共采集土样511个。
1.2土壤样品分析
pH测定采取水浸提(水土比2.5∶1.0),电位法;有机质测定采取重铬酸磷氧化,容量法;水解氮测定采取碱解扩散法;有效磷测定采取0.5 mol/L NaHCO3浸提、
钼蓝比色法;速效磷测定采取1 mol/L NH3AC浸提、原子吸收分光光度计测定法;全氮测定采取GB7177~87(半微量凯氏法);全磷测定采取NaOH熔融-钼梯抗比色法;全钾测定采取NaOH熔融-火焰光度法;氯离子测定采取沸水提取、AgNO3滴定法。
1.3样品数据分析方法
采用常规的Excel分析软件进行分析。
1.4养分分级标准
参照陈江华等[2-3]分级方法,对各项指标进行丰缺评价。
2结果与分析
2.1土壤酸碱度
土壤酸碱度是影响烟叶质量的重要因素之一。烤烟在土壤pH为4.0~8.5的范围之间均能生长,适宜烤烟生长的土壤酸碱度为5.5~7.0[4]。由表1可知,昭通市的植烟土壤pH在
4.30~8.22之间,土壤pH平均值为6.41,为中偏微酸性。各县(区)处于最适宜种植烤烟pH 范围的百分比从高到低为永善(52.63%)>昭阳(36.45%)>鲁甸(3
5.90%)>彝良
(26.23%)>巧家(26.19%)>大关(23.08%)>镇雄(18.67%)>威信(10.71%)。除巧家、镇雄、威信、鲁甸的土壤偏碱性外,其余县(区)土壤均为中偏微酸性。