高级英语U12沙漠之舟翻译

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沙漠之舟 译文

沙漠之舟 译文

沙漠之舟艾尔•戈尔--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。

这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。

但现在可不是丰收季节。

这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地,但当我站在船头向远处眺望时,却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。

极目四顾,原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在,取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。

渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上,散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。

十年前,咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊,可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。

而今,由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程,原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田,咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小,新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。

与此同时,这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头,但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产,而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界,考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。

一九八八年深秋时节,我来到地球的最南端。

高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面,我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中,与一位科学家进行着一场谈话,内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。

这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣,我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂,干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。

他一边讲话一边指给我看。

从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。

他将手指.到二十年前的冰层上,告诉我说,“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。

”这里虽处地球之顶端,距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥,但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。

沙漠之舟的地名谜语

沙漠之舟的地名谜语

沙漠之舟的地名谜语English Answer:1. I am known as the "Ship of the Desert",。

I am a mammal, and I am found in the desert.I have a hump on my back,。

And I can store water in my hump.What am I?2. I am a large, flightless bird,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long neck and legs.I can run very fast,。

And I can eat plants and animals. What am I?3. I am a small, rodent-like animal,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long tail.I can jump very high,。

And I can eat insects and plants. What am I?4. I am a reptile,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a hard shell.I can move very slowly,。

And I can eat insects and plants.What am I?5. I am a plant,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long stem.I can store water in my stem,。

And I can survive in very dry conditions. What am I?Chinese Answer:1. 沙漠之舟,兽身威壮。

驼峰贮水,耐旱远行。

2. 沙漠巨鸟,双足修长。

The Ship of the Desert沙漠之舟

The Ship of the Desert沙漠之舟

The Ship of the Desert沙漠之舟作者:V. M. 希利尔(汤敏译)来源:《时代英语·高三》2021年第02期作者简介V. M. 希利尔(1875—1931),美国著名儿童教育家、科普作家,创建了卡尔弗特教育体系。

他为孩子们编写了一套趣味盎然的历史、地理、艺术读物,即《写给孩子看的世界历史》《写给孩子看的世界地理》《写给孩子看的艺术史》。

本文选自《写给孩子看的世界地理》。

There are a few camels in Istanbul,but camels don’t belong in Europe. They have to be carried across the Bosporus from Asia, for a camel is said to be the only animal that cannot swim and cannot learn to swim. Most animals,like dogs,swim naturally; they don’t have to learn. The c amel may not be able to swim, but he can cross deserts, which no other animal can do as well.君士坦丁堡有很多骆驼,可是骆驼并不来自欧洲。

这种动物是人们从亚洲带过来的。

人们牵着骆驼,从陆上跨过博斯普鲁斯海峡,来到了这里。

因为据说骆驼是唯一不会游泳,也学不会游泳的动物。

大多数动物,例如狗,天生就会游泳,它们根本用不着学。

骆驼虽然不会游泳,但是它能够跨越沙漠,这是其他動物做不到的。

The camel is an animal of the desert, and when we see camels we know there must be deserts somewhere near. The camel loves heat and dryness, the sun and sand. Men and most animals,when it is hot, like the cool shade when they rest, but a camel when he rests, lies down in the hot sun. He is often called “the ship of the desert”,for he is the only “boat” that can carry passengers across the sea of sands. His feet are made like cushions so that they do not sink into the sand. A camel has several pouches inside of his body in which to store up water, as in tanks, for in crossing desert lands he may have to go days at a time without a drink, so he fills up these tanks inside of him.骆驼是沙漠动物。

高级英语1沙漠之舟课文总结

高级英语1沙漠之舟课文总结

高级英语1沙漠之舟课文总结
(原创版)
目录
1.课文概述
2.课文主题
3.课文结构
4.课文亮点
5.课文学习要点
正文
1.课文概述
《高级英语 1 沙漠之舟》是一篇关于旅行者在沙漠中经历的文章,通过描述旅行者与当地人之间的互动,展现了不同文化背景下人们生活方式的差异和相互理解的重要性。

2.课文主题
课文的主题是跨文化交流和相互理解,通过一个旅行者在沙漠中与当地人之间的故事,向我们展示了如何在陌生的环境中与当地人建立联系,并尊重和理解他们的文化。

3.课文结构
课文分为三个部分,第一部分描述了旅行者初到沙漠的景象和心情;第二部分讲述了旅行者与当地人之间的互动,包括他们的交流和饮食习惯等;第三部分是旅行者对这次经历的反思和总结。

4.课文亮点
课文的亮点在于其对沙漠环境的生动描绘,以及对当地人生活的真实反映。

同时,课文通过旅行者的视角,向我们展示了如何在陌生的环境中
与当地人建立联系,并尊重和理解他们的文化。

5.课文学习要点
课文的学习要点包括对课文内容的理解,如何进行跨文化交流,以及如何在陌生的环境中适应和生存。

同时,也需要学习课文中生动的描绘方式和表达手法。

ships in the desert【沙漠之舟】

ships in the desert【沙漠之舟】
多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西或启示超乎常人领导能力的真理
crisis: n.(pl) crises 危机 危难时刻 决定性时刻,紧要 关头,转折点 -emergency economic/financial/political crisis eg: The country now faces an ecnomic crisis. eg:The government is taking emergency action to deal with a housing crisis.
Cress passed the Clean Air Act in 1970, which is one of the oldest environmental laws of the U.S.
two continents
South America and Antarctica
least accessible place on earth: the place which is the most difficult to get to in the world
accessible adj. that can be reached,used,ect.
paragraph 3 is coming ,
let's welcome.
reveal:vt.显露 揭露 泄露 [神]启示
disclose, expose, uncover, reveal
这些动词都表示"揭露,暴露"之意。
disclose: 侧重指揭露或泄露鲜为人知或保密的事。
expose: 多指揭露丑闻、坏人坏事或各种阴谋。也可指某物暴露在外。 uncover: 主要指移去遮盖物,让东西显露出来。也可指揭露阴谋、秘密等。 reveal: 多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西,或启示超乎常人领导能力的真理。

沙漠之舟高级英语

沙漠之舟高级英语

沙漠之舟高级英语The Enigmatic Beauty of the DesertThe desert, with its vast expanse of barren land, often evokes images of desolation and harshness. However, beneath the seeminglylifeless and inhospitable surface lies a world of profound beauty and mystery. The desert, like an enigmatic boat sailing through time, hasits own unique allure that captivates the hearts and minds of those who dare to explore its secrets.First and foremost, the desert's breathtaking landscapes are a sight to behold. From the towering dunes of the Sahara to the rugged canyonsof the American Southwest, these natural wonders inspire a sense of awe and wonder. The shifting sands, sculpted by the wind over millennia, create ever-changing patterns that mesmerize the eyes. The play of light and shadow on the dunes at sunrise or sunset is a spectacle that canonly be witnessed in the desert. It is a reminder that even in the harshest of environments, nature can create moments of transcendent beauty.Moreover, the desert is a haven for unique and resilient forms of life. Despite the scarcity of water and extreme temperatures, flora and fauna have adapted to survive and thrive in these challenging conditions. The Joshua trees of California's Mojave Desert and the cacti of the Sonoran Desert are testament to nature's ingenuity. Their ability to store water and endure prolonged periods of drought is a testament tothe resilience of life.The desert also holds a wealth of cultural and historical significance. For centuries, nomadic tribes and ancient civilizations have called the desert home. These cultures have developed intricate systems of survival and thrived in harmony with their environment. From the Bedouin tribes of the Arabian Desert to the Native American tribesof the Southwest, the desert has shaped their way of life, their customs, and their traditions. Their stories and legends, passed down from generation to generation, add to the mystique and allure of the desert.In addition to its natural and cultural wonders, the desert offers a unique sense of solitude and introspection. The vastness of the landscape and the absence of human presence allow for a deeperconnection with oneself and the universe. The silence of the desert is a stark contrast to the noise and chaos of modern life. It offers a sanctuary for reflection and contemplation, a space to escape from the distractions of the world and find inner peace.However, it is important to acknowledge the fragility of the desert ecosystem and the need for its conservation. Human activities, such as overgrazing, urbanization, and climate change, pose significant threats to the delicate balance of desert ecosystems. Efforts must be made to protect these unique and invaluable landscapes for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.In conclusion, the desert is far from a barren wasteland. It is a place of wonder and beauty, a testament to the resilience of life andthe ingenuity of nature. From its breathtaking landscapes to its rich cultural heritage, the desert offers a wealth of experiences andinsights for those willing to embark on a journey of exploration. It isa reminder that even in the harshest of environments, there is beauty to be found.。

高英12课Ships in the desert被删部分英语

高英12课Ships in the desert被删部分英语

Ships in the Desert沙漠之舟There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare –from a fight to a process of destruction.”对我们的思维方式提出这种挑战性要求的先例只有一个,而这一先例又是来自军事方面的。

高英ship in deserts讲课

高英ship in deserts讲课

Today,i consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth. 现在,我想我是这个世界上最幸运的人。
Content
new words
sentence analysis main idea
The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context.
new words
sentence analysis main idea
the surge of population
世界人口超过7ert
沙漠之舟
26号
1302
杨春丽
Content
new words
sentence analysis main idea
new words: surge 、startling、on the face of the earth
surge:n. a large sea wave 大浪,波涛 ; a sudden or abrupt strong increase 突进,席 卷 ; a sudden forceful flow 汹涌澎湃,奔腾 v. rise or move forward;rise rapidly 汹涌,起大浪 e.g. 专家认为最近通货膨胀加剧有各种原因。 那些摄影和摄像师们涌向前去。 startling: a. so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or clarm. 令人吃惊的 e.g. 那时历史上最惊人的艺术盗窃之一,但是此事激起的感情远超于此。 on the face of the earth 在人世间 e.g. 现在,我想我是这个世界上最幸运的人。

ships in the desert 沙漠之舟

ships in the desert 沙漠之舟

Lesson SevenThe Libido for the Ugly-- H.L. MenckenPre-reading questions⏹Do you like beautiful things or ugly things? What’s your concept of beauty?⏹Have you ever seen or heard anyone who loves ugly things? Do you think them normal? What makes them do so?⏹What is libido?⏹What impresses you most after you have read the lesson?⏹Who is the writer of this lesson? Give a brief introduction to the writer and his writing style.BackgroundHenry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)American educator, author, criticH. L. Mencken is an American literary critic, humorous journalist, essayist, whose comic skepticism about human progress, expressed with penetrating style, is a treasure for all interested in extravagant language. Mencken wrote - according to some estimations –3, 000 newspaper columns. During the 15-year period following World War I, Mencken set the standard for satire in his day, and his essays are still widely read.Background⏹His life⏹He was born and spent most of his life in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. He was the son of German immigrant parents. He completed high school but did not attend university, only graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute at 16. He became a reporter on the Baltimore Morning Herald. 《先驱报》Background⏹A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.⏹He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals.1) The Smart Set《时髦者》2) The American Mercury门肯和内森在1924年创办了《美国水星》杂志Background⏹Mencken was one of the most influential American critics in the 1920s. He helped such newcomers as Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis. As an editor he published manuscripts by such young writers as Eugene O'Neill and Dorothy Parker. He reviewed major works of Upton Sinclair, Henry James and F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose first published story appeared in the Smart Set.Background⏹He was a central figure in American intellectual life during the 1920's. He contributed to Chicago Tribune 论坛报(1924-28), New York American(1934-35), and the Nation(1931-32). He was a columnist in Evening Mail in New York (1917-18), and 'The Free Lance' in Sunpapers (1919-41) in Baltimore.Background⏹He launched the most cutting attacks of any writer against America's middle class culture. He invented the word "booboisie―, combining the two words "bourgeoisie" and "booby" (an awkward, foolish person).Background⏹In his witty essays, he derided (mock) the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks: Background1) He hated narrow-minded religion. He believed strongly in intellectual freedom and fought all attempts to censor审查literature and drama. He felt that the greatest threat of censorship came from the country's religion "fundamentalists", whose opinions were all based on their interpretation of the Bible.BackgroundE.g.⏹―H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels.‖ Background2) He hated commercialism.3) He did not support democracy because he considered the masses too ignorant and greedy to exercise it wisely.Background⏹Mencken's essays were received with delight or horror, depending on the reader's point of view, he was also highly respected for his literary criticism and he exerted a powerful influence on American literature.Background⏹He was a leading scholar in the field of language. His monumental book The American Language is considered an outstanding work of philology.⏹He made a large contribution to the study of language and particularly encouraged scholarly study of the American branch of English.The American LanguageA guide to American expressions and idioms, which was a critical and popular success.a) It examined the development of the English language in America.b) It contrasted English and American expressions and usage.c) It explained the origin of many American idioms.d) It traced the influence of immigrant languages on American English.Background⏹His Style⏹He is well-known for his bombastic style and acid tongue.⏹He wrote with verve ( 活力), gusto ( 热忱) and exaggeration. His exuberant ( 过于华丽)and extravagant use of the language was so amusing and startling that even his most violently critical essays became acceptable to his readers.Background⏹He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect, into otherwise normal sentences. Although his style is occasionally difficult to read, Mencken is still considered one of the best and liveliest essayists of this century.Background⏹His works⏹The American Language1918⏹Prejudices (6 vols) 1919--1927⏹Happy days⏹Newspaper Days1940 –1943 autobiographical⏹Heathen Days trilogy⏹25 Books and thousands of articlesText study⏹What type of writing is this lesson?-- Descriptive writing.Text study⏹Descriptive writing⏹Language points⏹Comprehension Questions⏹Text Analysis and AppreciationDescription⏹Descriptive writing is an art form. It's painting a word picture so that the reader "sees" exactly what you are describing.Description⏹Description conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions that affect a writer experiencing a person, place, object or idea. The writer describes what he sees, hears, smells, feels or tastes, and it often includes his emotional reactions to the physical sensation of the experience.Description⏹The soul of description:⏹minute details⏹specific concrete words⏹vivid images⏹The purpose:To appeal to the reader's sense of sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch to impress the reader. Description⏹How to develop description?-- Usu. by space order⏹Establishing a point of view, i.e. taking a fixed position in space or a moving position through space and describing what is seen.Description-- establishing a m ental attitude toward a subject as part of the writer’s point of view⏹selecting details in some kind of logical order;⏹concentrating on a dominant impression and then moving on to other features, e.g. move froma distance to close up, from close up to a distance, from left to right, from right to left, etc. Description⏹What to describe?A. The description of a personB. The description of a placeC. The description of an objectD. The description of a sceneF. The description of an ideaDescription⏹Kinds of description:1) objective \ impersonal⏹realistic \ expository--When topic is viewed from an objective point of view, the writer paints a verbal picture of the realistic world, like a camera. The intent of writer is to inform or explain.--factual details and denotative and concrete wordsDescription2) subjective \ personal⏹emotional \ impressionistic--The dominant impression may be a sense impression or an emotion. The writer wants to share with the readers a kind of dominant impression.--emotional words rich in connotative meaning and appealing strongly to the senses.Language pointsThe title⏹How do you understand libido?-- Common sense: the sexual urge, strong desire, great passion, great lustLanguage points--Technically, psychic energy generally; in some psychoanalytical theories, the psychic and emotional energy in people's psychological makeup that is related to the basic human instincts, especially the sex drive性的本能,性欲;【心理学】“利比多”〔弗洛伊德心理分析学说中的精神动力,实际即是性的本能〕Language points1. The Libido for the Ugly:The strong urge or impulse to love things ugly.⏹Why does the writer choose libido?--To arouse curiosity.--Mencken deliberately chooses the word ―libido‖in order to give his subject a scientific coloring.Language pointsPara.1⏹What is the topic sentence?⏹How is para 1 developed?-- By contrasting the great wealth of this region with the abominable human habitations seen everywhere.⏹What effect does the powerful contrast in the last two sentences have on the reader? Language points-- The last two sentences bring home to readers that ugliness is not due to poverty, but to something innate in the American character--a love of ugliness for its own sake, or, as the title says, the libido for the ugly.⏹What figures of speech are employed?-- metaphor; hyperbole; repetition; antithesis; parallelismLanguage points⏹What other effective structures are used here? What effect is achieved?-- Inversion; ―so … that‖ structure. For emphasis.⏹What other impressive language features can you find in this paragraph?-- superlative degreeadv. + adj.―—‖Language points2. Pittsburgh –A city in southwest Pennsylvania, It is one of the most important industrial cities of America, and a center of rail and river transportation. Termed the ―Steel City‖ of ―Smoky City‖, it is the center of rich bituminous-coal烟煤region, producing also natural gas, oil and limestone, a large part of US steel and iron is produced here.Language points3. Westmoreland county –A county on southwest Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Greensburg. It is a mining and manufacturing region.4. Here was … joke. Here was … cats:Figures of speech used in the two long sentences:(1) metaphor: center -- heart(2) hyperbole: the richness and grandeur of this region and of America -- the boast and pride; the mostLanguage points(3) antithetical contrast: the richest and grandest region -- the hideous, bleak and forlorn scene;so rich – so abominable(4) repetition: boast-pride; center-heart;beyond-beyond(5) parallelism: Here was … and here was …;so … that …so … that …Language pointslucrative: producing wealth or profit;profitable;hideous: very ugly, filling the mind with horroraspiration: ambitions or desires to achieve somethingbleak: It applies to landscapes or houses, especially, suggests a bare or unpleasant prospect.Language pointsand here was …joke:The scene that met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.Language pointsHere was wealth … alley cats:People could not imagine or calculate the amount of wealth that was to be found in this region. And in this same region there were such terrible and disgusting houses that even homeless, mongrel cats would feel ashamed to live in them.alley cat: (Americanism) a homeless, mongrel catLanguage points⏹Questions:1. What activity is 'its most lucrative and characteristic activity'?2. What 'aspiration' of man is reduced to a depressing joke?3. Only by reading the first paragraph can you have a deep impression of Menken’s writing style?-- Bombastic style and biting language.Language pointsLanguage pointsPara.2⏹What is this paragraph about?-- the general effect: of hideousness without a break.⏹What kind of buildings are said to be ugly?-- churches, stores, warehouses; the headquarters of the veterans of Foreign Wars; a steel stadium, etc.Language points⏹How does the writer describe them?-- In details.(An image is an actual or mental picture, a picture or likeness of somebody or something, produced either physically by a sculptor, painter, or photographer, or formed in the mind.)⏹What effect does the writer intend to impress on you?-- Shabby; misshapen; ugly; hideous.Language points⏹How has the writer managed to achieve this?1) Figures: simile, metaphor, hyperbole, ridicule, etc.2) Disgusting and dreadful images3) Emphatic sentence patterns:⏹parallelism⏹so … that …⏹double negationLanguage points4) Forceful diction:⏹More ugly and gruesome words⏹Words such as sheer, every, not one, not a single, etc.5. what I allude…in sight:Hyperbole.unbroken ugliness: ugliness that was continuous and uninterrupted.Language pointsagonizing ugliness: ugliness that caused great pain (to people who saw it)sheer revolting monstrousness: that absolute (or downright), disgusting (or loathsome) hideousness6. From East Liberty … the eye:lacerate:to hurt; to tear (the flesh, an arm, the face) roughly as with fingernails or broken glass.Language points7. they were … a man with his face shot away:These houses that were especially ugly were also important buildings, claiming some distinction.pretentious: If you say that sb. or sth. is pretentious, you mean that they claim to be important, but you do not think that they are important.Language points8. one blinked … shot away:Simile. The ugliness of these houses was as gruesome as a face that has been shot and mangled.The piling up of ugly and gruesome words and images without let up make clear the purposeLanguage points9. A crazy…leprous hill:Simile & transferred epithet. A foolish (insensible) little church just west of Jeannette was bare and looked as repulsive as the skin of a leper.crazy: (colloq.) foolish, wild, fantastic, etc.; not sensibleleper: somebody with leprosy麻疯病人Language pointsleprosy: a tropical disease mainly affecting the skin and nerves that can cause tissue change and, in severe cases, loss of sensation and disfigurement.Jeanette: a small city in Westmoreland county, 21 miles east-southeast of Pittsburgh10. a steel stadium …the line:Simile and ridicule.Language points⏹Questions:1. Why did the writer say ―one expects steel towns to be dirty‖?2. What kind of images did the writer create?Language pointsPara.3⏹What is Para.3 about?-- The ugly design \ shape of the houses.⏹What does the writer say about the country?-- The country itself is not uncomely.Language points⏹What kind of design is their favorite?-- They have taken as their model a brick set on end.⏹What kind of house does the writer prefer?-- A chalet.Language points11. not uncomely: Litotes (understatement). meaning quite comely or pleasant and fair to look at Litotes: A figure of speech间接肯定法·曲言法a) consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite:This is no small problem.b) An expression of the form not unX:Moreover, the attempt is not unsuccessful.Language points12. It is thickly settled:In this area a great number of people live closely together, but it doesn’t give the impression of being overcrowded.solid block : a group of buildings with no breaks or empty space separating them13. If there were architects of any …:The ―if‖ clause is not a real conditional clause.Language pointsSarcasm.It sarcastically emphasizes the fact that there were no architects worthy of its name in this region. There were no architects worthy of the honor or the high standards demanded of by its profession. If there had been such architects they would naturally have built Swiss-type houses, which would lie low and clinging to the hillsides.ChaletLanguage pointschalet : a type of Swiss house, built of wood with balconies and overhanging eaves屋檐14. They have taken …on end:The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.Language points15. clapboard– AmE. weatherboard护墙板,隔板A type of covering for the outer walls of a house, to protect the walls from raindingy: dirty and fadedThese brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slopeLanguage points16. on their low sides . . . mud: Metaphor.Comparing the houses to pigs wallowing in the mud. Since these houses are built on the hillsides and set on brick piers, one side is high and the other is low. The low sides make them look like pigs burying themselves in the mud.Language points17. And one and all ... the streets:metaphor, comparing the patches of paint to dried-up scales formed by a skin disease. streak: if something streaks a surface, it leaves long stripes or marks of a different color on the surface ; coverE.g.Language points⏹His moustache was streaked with grey.⏹The sun is streaking the sea with long lines of gold.⏹His face is streaked with dirt .⏹Her hair had a very pretty grey streak in it. (n. – line)Language pointsEczema: an uncomfortable skin disease which makes your skin itch and become rough and sore. one and all: everyone; every house without exception每栋房屋都积上一道道尘垢,在尘垢的间隙之间,还可隐约见到象湿疹的鳞癣一样的油漆斑点。

新概念第三册第12课课件

新概念第三册第12课课件
• starve for sth. 渴望得到… I am starving for your news. She's lonely, and starving for companionship.
• starve to death 饿死 The sharks can no longer swim and either starve to death or are eaten alive by other fish.
• a place or situation that seems beautiful or perfect as paradise
乐园; 至福境地;完美去处 a tropical paradise 一处热带的人间乐土
The area is a birdwatcher's paradise.
相关表达 • heaven
deserted adj. 被遗弃的
She led them into a deserted side street.
近形词 dessert 甜点
paradise
• a perfect place where people are said to go when they die
(某些宗教所指的)天堂,天国
我真的感到迷惑和难过。
You look wretched—what's wrong?
你看起来愁眉苦脸的,怎么啦?
I felt wretched about the way things had turned out.
事情落了这么个结局,我感到很难受。
• ( formal ) making you feel sympathy or pity 可怜的;悲惨的 She finally agreed to have the wretched animal put down.

最新unit3.ships in the desert参考译文汇编

最新unit3.ships in the desert参考译文汇编

第三课沙漠之舟艾尔•戈尔我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。

这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。

但现在可不是丰收季节。

这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地,但当我站在船头向远处眺望时,却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。

极目四顾,原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在,取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。

渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上,散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。

十年前,咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊,可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。

而今,由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程,原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田,咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小,新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。

与此同时,这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头,但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产,而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界,考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。

一九八八年深秋时节,我来到地球的最南端。

高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面,我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中,与一位科学家进行着一场谈话,内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。

这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣,我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂,干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。

他一边讲话一边指给我看。

从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。

他将手指.到二十年前的冰层上,告诉我说,“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。

”这里虽处地球之顶端,距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥,但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。

迄今为止,地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命,变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。

工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。

我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加,这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中,从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。

沙漠之舟 地理题

沙漠之舟 地理题

沙漠之舟地理题(中英文版)英文文档:The term "desert之舟" refers to a mode of transportation that is particularly well-adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert.These vehicles are designed to navigate the challenging terrain, which includes sand dunes, rocky paths, and extreme temperatures.They are usually equipped with features such as high ground clearance, large tires, and powerful engines.In addition to their practical uses, desert vehicles also hold cultural significance in some regions.For example, in the Middle East, camels have long been used as a mode of transportation in the desert.They are known as the "ships of the desert" due to their ability to traverse the sand dunes and carry goods and people over long distances.Overall, "desert之舟" is a term that encompasses the various vehicles and methods of transportation that have been developed to navigate the unique challenges of the desert environment.中文文档:“沙漠之舟”是一个术语,指的是特别适应沙漠恶劣条件的一种交通工具。

七年级英语读物沙漠之舟翻译版下册

七年级英语读物沙漠之舟翻译版下册

七年级英语读物沙漠之舟翻译版下册Camels live in the desert. Its body is very tall and its neck is very long, so it can see far away. There are few places with water in the desert. Camels have a keen sense of smell and can help people find water. Whenever there is a whirlwind with sand in the desert, its nostrils are tightly closed.There is a large callus on the camel's leg. Even if it lies on the sand heated by the sun, it won't burn. Luo Luo Luo's sole is wide and thick. When walking, his toes are separated, so that he won't get stuck in the soft sand. Part of the nutrients become fat and are stored in the hump. When there is a lack of food, it uses its own accumulated nutrition to maintain its life.Taomo is vast and boundless, full of high and low people who know their way. Camels can show us the way in the desert.The wind in the desert is terrible. The wind rolls around with sand, sometimes moving the whole dune and burying people and animals under it. Camels are familiar with the climate in the desert. It's going to be windy, so they kneel down. Travelers can makepreparations in advance.Camels walk slowly, but they can carry many things. It is an important means of transportation in the desert. People regard it as a boat crossing the desert sea, and call it a "boat in the desert".译文:骆驼生活在沙漠里。

沙漠之舟的意思是什么

沙漠之舟的意思是什么

沙漠之舟的意思是什么沙漠之舟的意思:沙漠之舟,即骆驼,因为骆驼和其他动物不一样,特别耐饥耐渴。

人们能骑着骆驼横穿沙漠,所以有“沙漠之舟”的美称。

骆驼在动物学上属于哺乳纲,偶蹄目,骆驼科,是一种反刍动物。

骆驼耐饥耐渴、性情温顺、不畏风沙、善走沙漠,被世界公认为沙漠之舟,是沙漠地区必不可少的交通运输工具。

英文解释a ship [boat] of the desert -- the camel;the ship of the desert ;生活环境特点泥土干燥地区的泥土有很多矿物质,很少有机肥料。

重覆的水储积把有土壤变成盐性层。

盐溶液里沉淀的碳酸钙可以把沙粒和石子沾成50米厚的“水泥”。

硝石层是沙漠土壤常见的红棕色到白色层。

硝石层一般成块,或者裹在矿物颗粒外面,是由水和二氧化碳之间复杂的互作用中形成的。

二氧化碳来自植物根部,或者有机品腐烂的副产品。

植物多数沙漠植物是抗旱或抗盐的植物。

有些在根,茎,叶里存水;有些具有庞大的根茎系统,可以达到地下水层,拦住土壤,防止水土流失;有些有较大的茎叶,可以减低风速,保存沙土。

沙漠上的植物分布比较稀薄,但是有很多品种。

美国西南部的沙漠里的柱仙人掌可以活200年,长到15米,10吨,成为沙漠里的树木。

柱仙人掌成长很慢,9年之后才有15厘米,75年才分第一个枝。

因为身躯庞大,看起来好像沙漠里有很多仙人掌。

其实豌豆类和向日葵类植物也可以在干燥酷热地域生存。

梭梭也是沙漠中独特的灌木植物,平均高达2-3m,有的高达5m,被称为“沙漠植被之王”寿命也可达百年以上。

春季冰冷的沙漠里一般长草或灌木丛。

水源沙漠里偶尔也会下雨,下起来常常是暴风雨。

撒哈拉沙漠曾经有过在3个小时内降水44毫米的记录。

这种时候,平常干的河道会很快充满水,容易发洪水。

虽然沙漠内部少下雨,沙漠常从附近高山流出的河流进水。

这些河流一般带着很多土,在沙漠里流了一两天的距离就干了。

世界上只有几条大河流通沙漠,如埃及的尼罗河,中国的黄河,和美国的科罗拉多河。

thecamel中文翻譯

thecamel中文翻譯

thecamel中文翻譯The camels were too done to carry our weight .駱駝已疲倦得無法載我們。

<> When fresh food and water are not available, the camel can feed off its hump .在缺乏新鮮食物和水時,駱駝能以自己的駝峰為營養來源。

<>The camel was the sole sign of fe in the desert那匹駱駝是這沙漠中唯一的生命跡象。

<> It ' s the last straw that breaks the camel ' s back最后添加的一根稻草會壓斷駱駝的脊背。

<> It is the last straw that breaks the camel ' s back駱駝負載過重時,加根草也能把它壓倒。

<> The last thstraw that broke the camel s back指一系列壞事中最后一件讓人終于無法忍受的事情<> 2 is the camel african ? yes , it is . / no , it isn ' t這匹駱駝是非洲的嗎?是,是的。

不,不是。

<> You can intercept them by using the camel road你用駝路可以截住他們<> 1 does the camel eat fruit ? yes , it does . / no , it doesn ' t駱駝吃水果嗎是,它吃不,它不吃。

<> The arab mounted the camel and rode away那個 *** 人騎上駱駝走了。

《沙漠之舟》一文中长句的翻译

《沙漠之舟》一文中长句的翻译

《沙漠之舟》一文中长句的翻译腾智敏;杜海紫【期刊名称】《海外英语(上)》【年(卷),期】2013(000)006【摘要】长句的分析与翻译是英语学习者的难题之一,是一个非常复杂的过程。

该文通过对《沙漠之舟》一文中最长的一个句子的详细分析,论述了长句翻译时可遵循的几个步骤,即分析句子主干及修饰成分、分句分析与翻译、译句润色,以及长句翻译时可采用的翻译方法如增译、减译、词性转换、语序调整等。

% The analysis and translation of long sentences are difficult and complicated. The paper gives a detailed analysis of the longest sentence in Ships in the Desert, illustrates the steps of translating long sentences—first, analysis of the main clause and sub-ordinate clauses;second, translation of sub-ordinate clauses and third, version polishing—as well as the specific translation meth⁃ods such as addition, reduction, conversion of part of speech, word order adjustment and so on. It is expected to provide the English learners a method to translate long sentences.【总页数】3页(P137-138,160)【作者】腾智敏;杜海紫【作者单位】郑州大学西亚斯国际学院,河南郑州451150;郑州大学西亚斯国际学院,河南郑州451150【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9【相关文献】1.英语长句翻译"五步法"——对比语言学观照下的英语长句翻译思维和教学模式[J], 朱健平2.英语长句的翻译方法与策略解析在科技文中的体现 [J], 解欣欣3.英语长句的翻译方法与策略解析在科技文中的体现 [J], 解欣欣;4.《沙漠之舟》一文中长句的翻译 [J], 腾智敏;杜海紫5.迅速准确翻译俄文中的长句 [J], 岳荣因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

沙漠之舟的成语意思

沙漠之舟的成语意思

沙漠之舟的成语意思沙漠之舟,即骆驼,因为骆驼和其他动物不一样,特别耐饥耐渴。

人们能骑着骆驼横穿沙漠,所以有“沙漠之舟”的美称。

店铺带大家走进沙漠之舟的世界,去探索更精彩的食物,敬请关注!沙漠之舟的解释【拼音】:shā mò zhī zhōu【释义】:这个词语用的是借代方式,指沙漠中的船,本来只有水里才有船,喻指沙漠中的主要交通工具——骆驼。

【例句】:我们要有沙漠之舟的意志和精神,才能走出一片新天地。

沙漠之舟造句:1、大家乘坐着沙漠之舟穿越过塔克拉玛干沙漠,找到了一片绿洲。

2、人们都把骆驼称作沙漠之舟。

3、骆驼是沙漠之舟所以我们要保护它。

4、骆驼是沙漠之舟,人们在沙漠中迷茫时,它可以给人方向。

5、昨晚我梦见了沙漠之舟。

跟沙漠有关的造句:1、像巨龙般腾越在崇山峻岭、沙漠戈壁的长城,是由城关、城墙、敌台、烽火台等构成的,是我国古代各地和各民族统治集团间的军事防御工程体系。

它是两三千年来,由各族人民反复多次修筑而成的,体现着中华民族的伟大力量和坚强意志,成为我国古代文明中的一项光辉灿烂的瑰宝。

2、“好一派风光,这难道就是沙漠绿洲吗?”我独自思忖。

若不是亲眼见到,谁会相信茫茫沙海中会有如此景致呢?3、亲情是荒寂沙漠中的绿洲,当你落寞惆怅软弱无力干渴病痛时,看一眼已是满目生辉,心灵得到恬适,于是不会孤独。

便会疾步上前,只需一滴水,滚滚的.生命汪洋便会漫延心中。

4、世界上没有任何东西如同风之怒号,它从沙漠上扫荡而来,平静清澈的天庭霎时变成一片旋转狂怒的海洋,飞沙走石,漫无际涯。

没有天空,没有大地,只有沙尘,到处是沙尘,咬啮和窒息着万物生灵。

5、事业常成于坚忍,毁于急躁。

我在沙漠中曾亲眼看见,匆忙的旅人落在从容的后边;疾驰的骏马落在后头,缓步的骆驼继续向前。

6、贪婪的心像沙漠中的不毛之地,吸收一切雨水,却不滋生草木以方便他人。

7、长城像一条矫健的巨龙,越群山,经绝壁,穿草原,跨沙漠,起伏在崇山峻岭之巅,黄河彼岸和渤海之滨。

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1.我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。

这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。

但现在可不是丰收季节。

这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地,但当我站在船头向远处眺望时,却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。

极目四顾,原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在,取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。

渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上,散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。

十年前,咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊,可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。

而今,由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程,原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田,咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小,新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。

与此同时,这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头,但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产,而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

2.我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界,考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。

一九八八年深秋时节,我来到地球的最南端。

高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面,我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中,与一位科学家进行着一场谈话,内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。

这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣,我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂,干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。

他一边讲话一边指给我看。

从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。

他将手指.到二十年前的冰层上,告诉我说,“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。

”这里虽处地球之顶端,距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥,但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。

3.迄今为止,地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命,变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。

工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。

我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加,这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中,从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。

离南极极点不到一百码远,在雪上飞机降落的冰铺道上风处,科学家们一日数次地测量大气,以便绘制图表记录下无情的变化。

雪上飞机在冰铺跑道上降落后,引擎仍得保持运聋以防金属部件冻住而无法发动。

在我访问期间,我观看了一位科家绘出那天的测量结果,把图表上一条斜度很大的上升的线再上推进。

他告诉我——在这地球的尽头——很容易看清全球大层的巨大变化的速度仍在加快。

4.两年半以后,在地球的另一端,在寒冷至极的北冰洋上漂浮的一块十二英尺厚的冰板上搭起的小帐篷里我又体验到了在午的阳光下睡觉的滋味。

饱吃了一顿早餐后,我和同伴们一起乘雪防滑汽车北行数英里,到了约定会合地点,那儿的冰层较薄——有三英尺半厚——水下有一艘核潜艇在那儿徘徊着。

潜艇破冰上来,载上新的乘客后又潜了下去。

我也就开始同那些正设法以高的精确度测量极地冰帽厚度的科学家们进行交谈。

许多人认北极冰层由于地球气候的转暖而正在变薄。

此前我刚刚通过谈使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家达成协议,向他们提由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来属于最高机密的有关资料,这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。

现在我想实地考一下北极极点。

我们登上潜艇约八个小时后,潜艇冲破冰层浮上面。

于是,我便置身于一片神奇瑰丽的冰雪世界中。

雪原上寒风劲扫,银光闪耀,其边缘则是一道由连绵起伏的小冰丘或由冰席相撞、相互挤压而形成小型山脉的冰层“压脊”勾勒出的地平线。

但即使在这儿,空气中二氧化碳的含量也在不断上升,最后气温也必然会随之上升——事实上,地球气候变暖会使南北极地区在气温上升的速度上远高于世界的其他地区。

随着极地气温的升高,这里的冰层会融化变薄。

由于南北极的冰帽对全球的气候有着至关重要的调节作用,它们的融化将会带来灾难性的后果。

5.探索这些问题并不是一种纯理论性的工作。

我从北极回来后过了六个月,就有一队科学家报称北极冰层的分布结构已发生显著变化;另一队科学家则在考察报告中提出了一个更有争议的说法(如今已有大量资料可以佐证):总体说来,仅在过去十年当中,北极冰层已融化了百分之二。

另外,科学家们还在几年前就已证实,在北极圈以北的许多地区,春季雪融的时间逐年提前,而且冻土带的地下深处的温度都在稳步上升。

6.凑巧的是,破坏生态环境的一些最典型的、最令人担忧的事例刚好都发生在南北极正中间的地方——巴西境内的赤道带上——那儿滚滚浓烟时常弥漫着辽阔但现又面临着破坏的亚马孙热带雨林的上空。

亚马孙雨林正被人们大片大片地烧毁,以便腾出空地作饲养速食肉牛的牧场。

我1989年初去那儿时得知,现在旱季时节放火焚烧森林的时间正逐年提前,其结果是每年都有面积比整个田纳西州还大的大片森林遭到砍伐焚烧。

据给我们当向导的生物学家汤姆•洛夫乔伊介绍,亚马孙雨林中每平方英里的林区栖息的禽鸟种类多于整个北美洲现存的禽鸟种类——这就意味着我们正在使成千上万种我们从来没有听到过的飞禽的歌声永远消失。

7.人们也不一定非要周游世界才能目睹人类对地球的破坏。

今天的世界上,预示着地球生态危机的景象已是随处可见。

在北方高纬度地区,夜晚的天空有时也会呈现出另一种预示地球上日趋严重的生态失衡的阴森景象。

假如日落后天空明朗无云——而且你又置身于一个空气污染还没有严重到足以完全遮蔽夜空的地方进行观察的话——你会看见天空高处有时会出现一种奇异的云团。

这种“夜光云团”偶尔出现于夜幕开始笼罩大地的时候,它呈半透明的白色,在高空中闪烁发光,看起来颇不像自然之物。

其实,这种云团也确非自然之物:近年来由于大气中甲烷含量的大幅度增高,夜光云团的出现频率也随着上升了。

(甲烷又称天然气,它产生于填土、煤矿、糠壳、新砍伐的林地里群聚的白蚁、燃烧生物以及人类许多其他的活动过程中。

)虽说过去天空偶尔也出现过夜光云团,但大气层中所含的那些过量的甲烷会将更多的水蒸气带到高层大气中;水蒸气在更高处凝结,会形成更厚的云层,夜幕降临以后很久,这些位于高空的云层下方还在受着太阳光的照射。

8.对天空中出现的这些奇异现象我们应当如何看待呢?是仅仅叹为奇观还是怀着像我们在动物园中观看动物时感受到的那种复杂的感情?也许我们应当为自己所具有的破坏力而惊奇赞叹:正如人类由于大量猎取象牙致使大象面临灭种威胁一样,我们今天正由于大量糟蹋和破坏地球上的自然资源而使白天和黑夜之间的平衡遭到破坏。

我们的这种行为更进一步地增加了地球变暖的危险,因为甲烷是一种形成速度极快韵温室效应气体,它在大气中的总含量仅次于二氧化碳和水蒸气,使高空大气层的化学成分都发生了变化。

即使不去考虑这种危险,但只要意识到我们让这些闪烁着阴森森的鬼火般光亮的云团笼罩着自己头顶上的夜空,这还不就足以令我们警醒吗?难道说是我们的眼睛因为过分习惯于人类文明之光而对这些云团视而不见——看不出它们乃是人类文明同地球之间的激烈冲突的一种具体表现形式吗?9.尽管有时很难理解其真正含义,我们大家都曾耳闻目睹过一些反映人类对生态环境造成破坏的惊人的现象——或是气温超过一百度的高温天气出现频率的增加,或是太阳灼伤人的皮肤的速度的加快,或是公众对越积越多的废物该如何处理这一问题进行讨论的热情的高涨。

但是,我们大家对这些现象所作的反应却很有点奇怪。

我们为何不采取切实有效的行动来保护生态环境呢?这个问题也可以换一种方式来问:为什么有些现象会引起我们重视,促使我们立即采取行动,努力寻求有效对策?为什么另外一些现象,虽然有时也同样严重,却让人们无动于衷,人们的注意力不是集中在寻求积极有效的对策而是某种方便省事的规避策略呢?10.话说回来,由于令人担忧的生态环境受到破坏的现象太多了,使人有时确乎难以认识其实质意义和影响。

在对这些威胁生态环境的现象进行考察分析之前,下面的做法也许是有益的:对这些现象进行分级归类,从而使我们的思想感情条理化,以便根据实际情况采取相应的合理的对策。

11.有一套行之有效的分级归类方法源自于军队。

他们经常将冲突根据其发生范围的大小分为三级,即“局部性冲突”,“地区性战斗”,及“战略性对抗”。

第三级指的是直接威胁到一个国家的生存,因而必须以全球局势为背景来进行认识的军事对抗行为。

12.对生态环境方面的危机也可以这样来加以考虑。

比如,水域的污染、空气的污染和非法倾倒垃圾的行为多半属于局部性的问题,而诸如酸雨、地下含水层的污染以及大面积的石油泄漏一类的问题则基本上是地区性的。

这两类问题都带有普遍性,世界各地可能同时出现性质相同的局部性问题和地区性问题,因此,这些局部性问题和地区性问题又似乎可以看作是全球性的问题。

但它们并不属于战略性问题,因为这些问题并没有对全球生态环境的本质结构造成影响,也没有直接威胁到人类社会的生存。

13.然而,新的一类环境问题确实影响全球生态系统,而这些威胁基本上是战略性的。

过去四十年中大气层氯的含量增加了百分之六百,这不仅发生在那些生产与此直接相关的氟里昂的国家,而且发生在所有国家的上空,还同样发生在南极上空、北极上空和太平洋上空——从地球表面一直到天空深处。

氯含量的增加破坏了地球调节太阳通过大气层射到地面的紫外线辐射量的全球程序。

如果我们让氯含量继续增加,那么紫外线辐射量也将增加——终有一天会威胁到所有的动植物的生存。

14.地球气候转暖也是一种战略性威胁。

自第二次世界大战以来,大气层中二氧化碳和其他一些吸热物质分子的含量已增加了近百分之二十五,这便对地球自身具有的调节太阳热量在大气层中存留量的能力构成了世界性的威胁。

由此导致的大气层中热量的增高会严重破坏地球的气候平衡机制,从而影响到地球上的风量、雨量、地面温度、洋流和海面高度,而正是这些因素反过来又决定着陆地和海上动植物的生态分布,也在很大程度上决定着人类社会的定居地点和生活方式。

15.换句话说,由于人类社会已突然具备了改变整个地球而不只是某一特定地区的生态环境的能力,人类与地球之间的关系便整个地发生了改变。

众所周知,人类文明对地球上的环境一贯有着极大的影响。

且举一例来说明吧:还在远古时代,人类为了觅食求生,有时便纵火焚毁大片原始森林,这是有据可考的。

而在今天我们这个时代,人类已经把地球表面的很大一部分完全改换了面貌,城镇里的地面换成了混凝土,乡村里的地面则改造成了精心培育的稻田、牧场、麦田和其他农作物种植地。

人类加于地球上的这类改变,有时虽然似乎有着深远的影响,但它们对全球生态系统直到最近仍只产生着微不足道的影响。

在我们这个时代以前,的确可以高枕无忧地认为,无论是人类所曾做过的或是所能做的任何事情,都不可能对地球上的环境产生永久性的影响。

但是今天,我们却必须抛弃这种想当然的想法,这样才能够以战略性眼光来考虑并重新认识我们人类同地球环境之间的关系。

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