《系统解剖学》英汉双语教学教学大纲
《系统解剖学》教学大纲
《系统解剖学》教学大纲课程编号：120408B2课程名称：系统解剖学（Teaching programe of Systematic anatomy）学分：6学分总学时：108理论学时：32实验学时：76先修课要求：适应专业：临床医学麻醉预防影像口腔康复五年制专业参考教材：1、崔慧先《系统解剖学》人民卫生出版社第七版 2012.72、罗学刚《系统解剖学》高等教育出版社第一版 2010.13、李富德《系统解剖学》江苏科技出版社第一版 2013.7一、课程在培养方案中的地位、目的和任务：人体解剖学是研究正常形态结构的学科。
《人体解剖学》是临床医学专业的基础医学课程和专业基础课程。
其任务是通过教学使学生掌握人体各器官的配布、形态结构和重要毗邻关系的知识和解剖基本技能，为学习其它基础医学课程和临床医学课程以及临床实践奠定基础。
二、课程基本要求：掌握人体各系统的组成、基本的形态结构特点及其机能意义。
1.运动系统组成，骨、骨连接、骨骼肌2.内脏学，消化系统，呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统的组成、基本的形态结构特点3.循环系统的组成、基本的形态结构特点及其机能意义4.感觉器官的形态结构。
5.脊髓和脑的位置及形态结构，灰质（或神经核团）和白质（或纤维束）的配布。
脑室的位置及其交通。
网状结构和边缘系统的位置和机能的概念。
躯体和本体感觉传导路、视和听觉传导路、锥体系和锥体外系的构成及其机能意义。
脊髓和脑的血液供应及其特点。
脊髓和脑被膜的位置、构成及其形成的主要结构。
脑脊液的产生及循环。
周围神经的分布。
6.内分泌系统器官位置、形态结构。
三、课程学时分配：系统解剖学各章节参考学时（总学时108）四、考核：理论70% 实验30%五、课程基本内容：绪论[教学目标]了解系统解剖学的任务和常用术语[教学内容]掌握人体的轴、面和方位术语了解人体解剖学的任务和分科了解人体解剖发展史概况了解人体的体型、器官的变异和异常[学时] 1学时[教学方法]课堂讲授，多媒体教学第一篇运动系统掌握运动系统的组成（骨、骨连结、骨骼肌）和功能（运动、支持和保护）第一章骨学[教学目标]掌握全身诸骨形态特点。
《系统解剖学》课程教学大纲
《系统解剖学》课程教学大纲 Systematic anatomy 一、课程说明课程编码:01110013 课程总学时:96(理论学时66/实践学时30) 周学时:8（理论学时5/实践学时3）学分:5 课程性质:必修适用专业:临床、眼、麻、影、口、法医等1、教学内容与学时安排教学内容与学时安排表章次内容总课时理论课时实践课时一绪论 2 2 0 二运动系统 21 6 15 三内脏学 19 16 3 四脉管系统 16 14 2 五感觉器 5 4 1 六神经系统 33 24 9 2、课程教学目的与要求目的：系统解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学。
名词多、描述多是其特点。
学习这门课程的目的是使医学生理解和掌握正常人体形态结构的知识，为学习其他基础医学和临床医学课程奠定坚实的基础。
（一）通过课堂讲授和自学，要求学生掌握本学科的基础理论。
（二）通过实习课，对基本内容进行实地解剖标本观察，并密切结合活体，掌握各部的形态结构，学会画出必要的简图，能进行分析比较，写出实习小结。
达到理解基础理论，加深巩固基本知识和掌握基本技能的目的。
培养辨证的科学思维方法和独立自学能力。
要求：本大纲规定的教学内容，对学生的要求分为两级。
1（一）凡属“掌握内容”，一般应在课堂上把基础理论讲深讲透；对基本知识必须通过实地解剖标本观察，使学生深入全面地掌握，做到能说得出、认得准、用得上，达到牢固掌握。
（二）凡属“了解内容”，可以概括讲授，扼要介绍有关知识的进展与规律，使学生有一般认识，知其要点，学到有关知识，做到一般理解。
3、本门课程与其它课程关系为学习其他基础医学和临床医学课程奠定坚实的基础。
4、推荐教材及参考书《系统解剖学》柏树令、第7版、北京、人民卫生出版社、2007 5、课程考核方法与要求理论考试70%、实验考核20%和平时成绩10%。
6、实践教学内容安排实验目录内容学时数实验一躯干骨、四肢骨、颅骨 3 实验二全身关节 3 实验三全身肌 3 实验四内脏 3 实验五心脏\动脉感觉3 实验六中枢 3 实验七周围神经系统3 合计 21 二、教学内容纲要第一章绪论一、目标与要求（一）掌握人体的标准解剖学姿势和人体的轴和面。
河南大学双语课程系统解剖学教学大纲(Teaching Program of Bilingual Systemic Anatomy)(2016)
Teaching Outline of Systematic Anatomy（for Clinical medicine，Stomatology）Written byJin Dongzhu, M.D., Ph.D.Department of Human Anatomy,Henan University School of Medical SciencesIntroduction1. Course DescriptionSystemic Anatomy is a science dealing with morphology and structures of normal human body, the main task of this subject is that students could know the shapes and structures, the arrangements and relationships, the rule of development and basic function of the organs in human body. Systemic Anatomy is one of the foundation subjects in medical study. To meet the needs the specialties of clinical medicine and stomatology, the students master the basic theory, elementary knowledge and basic skill of systematic anatomy, and correctly use anatomical terms, and also learn appropriate English anatomical terms. It is important to cultivate the students’ ability of self-study and observing and synthesizing, and the ability of analyzing, inducing and solving problems in the area of medical sciences.2. Guidance thinking and learning methodsThe teaching of Human Anatomy should be guided by the view of evolutionary development, should carry out the principle of combining the theory with practice, the shape with function, the part with whole.The teaching of systematic anatomy includes theory lecture and experiment. Theory lecture introduce the composition of the systems in human body, and introduce the general morphological and structural features, position relationship of those organs and their function by multimedia teaching course material. With experiment guided by the teachers, the students should achieve the aim of strengthening mastery of the elementary knowledge and basic skill of systematic anatomy by self-study, observation of the anatomic specimen and models, and the observation and touch to the living body of themselves. Meanwhile, students should connect properly with some discussion of clinical cases to strengthen comprehension and memorizing the essential contents of anatomy.3. Learning requirementsThe contents listed as below, according to different standards, may be divided into two grades (master and understand). The master contents is intensive contents, students should achieve the degree of combining theory with practice, practice description, firm master by learning and thinking repeatedly; and the understand contents is the contents of recognition of the outline for reference.Assignment of learning hours（reference table）Introduction1. understand the definition, developed overview and the branches of Human Anatomy2. master basic method of learning Human Anatomy.3. master descriptive anatomical terms.4. understand concepts of body type and variation, understand Concepts ofdeformity.PART Ⅰ THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEMChapter 1 OsteologySection 1 General Description1. master the shape , classification and structure of bones.2. master the chemical composition and physical properties of bones.Section 2. The Axial SkeletonⅠ.Bones of trunk1．master composition of the bones of trunk.2．master general features of vertebrae and main characteristics of vertebrae in each region.3．master shape and parts of sternun .master clinical significance of sternal angle. 4．master general features and classification of ribs, understand morphological characteristic of 1th rib and 11th rib,12th rib.5．master body surface symbol of the bones of trunk.Ⅱ. The Skull1．master composition and parts of skull.2．master composition of cerebral cranium.3．master composition of facial cranium, master morphology and structures of mandible. 4．understand superior aspect of skull and posterior aspect of skull and internal surface of calvaria.5．master the bound and important structure of three fossae in the internal surface of the base of skull, understand external surface of base of skull.6．understand lateral view of skull, master location and clinical significance of pterion, understand location of temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa. 7．understand the composition, morphous and porous dehiscence of orbits, master the location of supraorbital notch and infraorbital foramen.8．master the structure of bony nasal cavity, master the location of paranasal sinuses and their openings.9．understand skull at birth and change after birth.10．master important body surface symbol of skull.Section 3 The Appendicular SkeletonI . Bones of Upper Limb1．master the composition, parts and arrangement of bones of upper limb.2．master morphology and structures of clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna and radius. 3．master the composition of bones of hand, master arrangement of carpal bones. 4．master body surface symbol of bones of upper limb.Ⅱ. Bones of Lower Limb1．m aster the composition ,parts and arrangement of bones of lower limb.2．m aster the shape and structures of hip bone, femur, tibia and fibula.3．m aster the composition of bones of foot and arrangement of tarsal bones.4．m aster body surface symbol of bones of lower limb.Chapter 2 ArthrologySection l. General Description1. understand classification of joints, understand the basic structure of fibrous joints,cartilaginous joints, synosteosis2. master essential structures of synovial joints and accessory structures of synovial joints,understand types of joint movement.Section 2. Joints of the Bones of The Axial SkeletonI . Joints of the Bones of Trunk1. master morphology and structures of intervertebral discs.2. master the location and function of anterior longitudinal ligament and posteriorlongitudinal ligament.3. understand the joints of vertebral arch, master the location and function ofligamentum flavum, understand the name and location of the other ligaments.4. master the form, parts and function of vertebral column, understand vertebral columnas a whole and master its movements and physiological curves.5. understand costovertebral joints, sternocosal joints and interchondral joints.6. master the forms of thoracic cage, master the form and shape of superior aperture ofthorax and inferior aperture of thorax.7. understand the thoracic cage as a whole and its movements,undsertand the change inage and its sex differencesⅡ. Joints of Skull1. understand the main structure of joints of skull.2.master the composition, construction features and movements oftemporomandibular Joint.Section 3 Joints of Appenicular SkeletonI. Joints of Upper Limb1．master the form, construction features and movements of sternoclavicular joint , shoulder joint, elbow joints, radiocarpal joint.2．master the form, construction features and movements of carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints and articulationes interphalangeae.Ⅱ. Joints of Lower Limb1．master the form and parts of pelvis, master the form of inlet and outlet of pelvis, understand the difference between the male and female pelvis, master the form of greater sciatic formaen and lesser sciatic foramen.2．understand the form, construction features and movements of hip joint knee joint talocrural joint, ankle joint.3．understand the form and movements of cacroiliac joint, intertarsal joints, tarsometatarsal joints ,metatarsophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joint. 4．master the form and function of arch of foot.Chapter 3 MyologySection l Introduction1．master morphology and structures of skeletal muscle.2．understand origin, insertion and action of skeleta1 muscle and the nomenclature of muscles.3．understand the supplementary structures of muscles.Section 2. Muscles of Head1. understand the composition and distribution of facial muscles.2. master the composition of masticatory muscles, master the location and function ofmasseter and temporalis.Section 3. Muscles of Neck1．understand group of muscles of neck, understand the composition and function of each group of muscles of neck2．master the origin, insertion and function of sternocleidomastoid, master the form of scalene fissure, master the structure which pass through scalene fissure.Section 4. Muscles of TrunkⅠ. Muscles of Back1．understand group of muscles of back, understand the composition and function of each group of muscles of back, master the origin, insertion and function oftrapezius and latissimus dorsi.2. master the location and function of erector spinae, understand the location and layerof thoracolumbar fascia.Ⅱ.Muscles of Thorax1．master the composition of muscles of thorax, master the origin, insertion and function of muscles of pectoralis major.2. master the name ,location and function of intercostal muscle.Ⅲ.Diaphragm1．master the location, morphous, function of diaphragm, master the location of three openings and main structure which pass through them.2．understand the triangular spaces without muscular tissue and its clinical significance.Ⅳ..Muscles of Abdomen1. master the composition of muscles of abdomen, master the location, layer, musclesfiber direction, structure, function of anterolateral group of abdominal wall. 2．master composition and characteristic of sheath of rectus abdominis.Section 5 Muscles of Upper Limb1．master the composition of muscles of scapula；master the origin, insertion and function of triangular muscle and teres major.2．master the group of muscles of arm, master the composition and function of each muscles of arm; master the origin, insertion and function of biceps brachii and triceps brachii.3．master the group of muscles of forearm, master the composition and function of each muscles of forearm, master the location and function of pronator teres and supinator.4．master the group of muscles of hand, master the name and function of intermediate group of muscles of hand..Section 6 The Muscles of Lower limb 1．understand the group of muscles of hip, understand the composition and function of each muscles of hip, master the origin, insertion and function of gluteus maximus and iliopsoas and piriformis.2．master the group of muscles of thigh, master the composition and function of each muscles of thigh, master the origin, insertion and function of quadriceps and femoris sartorius.3．master the group of muscles of leg, master the composition and function of each muscles of leg.4. master the origin, insertion and function of tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior andtriceps surae.PART Ⅱ SPLANCHNOLOGYChapter 1 Introduction1．understand the concepts of splanchnology, the composition of splanchnology, common construction features of splanchnology.2．master the reference lines of thorax and abdominal regions.Chapter 2 The Digestive System1. master the composition and function of the digestive system.Section 1. Oral cavity1.understand the boundary and parts of oral cavity, understand the shape of Palate.2. master the composition of isthmus of fauces.3. master the kinds and arrangement of teeth（dental formula of permanent teeth, and deciduous teeth）,the shape and structure of teeth, the composition of forming substance of teeth and periodontium.4. master the shape of tongue and characteristic of mucous of tongue .understand thedistribution and function of muscles of tongue. master the origin, insertion and function of genioglossus.5. master the position of major salivary glands and the openings of glandular tube.Section 2．Pharynx1. master the location, parts, morphous and communication of pharynx.2. master the location of palatine tonsil. master the composition of throat-ring.Section 3．Esophagus1.understand the location and parts of esophagus.2.master the location and clinical significance of three narrowed places of esophagus.Section 4．Stomach1. master morphous of the stomach, position and relations of the stomach.2. understand structure of the wall of the stomach.Section 5. Small intestine1. master the parts of Small intestinal2. master the location ,parts , construction features of duodenum. master the location ofsuspensory muscle of duodenum.3. master the location of ileum and jejunum, understand construction features of ileumand jejunum, understand the location of Meckel's diverticulum.Section 6．Large intestine1. master parts and construction features of large intestine.2. master the location of cecum and vermiform appendix, master the projection of bodysurface margins of its base, understand the common location and clinical significance of vermiform appendix.3. master the division and location of colon .4. master the location of rectum, master shape and structure of rectum and compositionof anorectal ring.5. master the position of anal canal, master shape and, structure of anal canal.Section7. liver1．master the features of liver and the position of porta hepatitis.2．master the composition of liver pedicel and position relation of these structures. 3．master the position and relation of the liver, master projection of inferior and superior margins of liver, understand the lobes and segments of liver..Section 8．Gallbladder and the biliary ducts1. master the composition of external biliary tracts of liver.2. master the location and division of gallbladder, master the projection of body surfacemargins of fundus of gallbladder. master the form and contents of Calot's triangle.3. master the form of external biliary tracts of the liver, master the produced position ofbile and discharged way.Section 9. Pancreas1. master the position and division of pancreas .Chapter 3 Respiratory Systemmaster the composition and function of Respiratory System.Section 1．nose1．understand the shape and structure of external nose.2．master parts of nasal cavity, master the shape and structure of parts.3．master the position of paranasal sinuses and their openings. understand construction features of maxillary sinus.Section 2．larynx;1．master the location of larynx.2．master name and main body surface symbol of laryngeal cartilages，understand laryngeal joints and the composition of muscles of larynx.3. master the form of aperture of larynx. master the division of laryngeal cavity andmorphous of each divisionSection3．trachea and bronchi1. master the location and construction features of trachea.2. master morphological difference between left principal bronchus and right principalbronchusSection4．lung1.master the position of lungs, external features of lungs, lobes and segments of lungs.master the composition of the root of lung and arrangement of strutures.2. understand the concepts of bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments.Section5．Pleura and pleural cavity1. understand the concepts of thoracic cavity, pleura and pleural cavity.2. master pleural division and the location of pleural recesses3. master the projection of the inferior margins of lungs and pleurae；master theprojection of the margins of cupula of pleura.Section 8. mediastinum1. understand the concepts and division of mediastinumChapter 4 urinary system1. master the composition of urinary system.Section 1．kidney1. master the position, shape and structure of kidneys, master the coverings of kidneys.2. understand the concepts of renal blood supply and segmentsSection2．The ureters1. master the parts of the ureters, master the location of the parts of the ureters,master the location of three narrowed places.Section 3．urinary bladder1. master the features and location and relations of urinary bladder.2. master the location of trigone of bladder and features of mucous.Section 4．urethra1. master construction features of female urethra and their openings .Chapter 5. Male Genita1 Organs1. master the composition and function of male genita1 organs.2. master the shape and structure of testis. master the shape and location of epididymis.3. master deferential division and location. understand location of vasoligation, masterthe composition and location of spermatic cord.4. understand location of seminal vesicle, understand the composition of ejaculatoryduct and their openings.5. master the morphous and position of prostate, understand their lobes.6. understand the position of bulbourethral gland and their openings7. understand the composition of scrotum, three coverings of testis and spermatic cordand the continuation of layer of anterior of abdominal wall.8. understand the division of penis and its dermatic characteristic.9. master the division of male urethra and its feature, master its two curves, threedilated, three narrowed.Chapter 6 Female Genital Organs1. master the composition and function of female Genital organs.2. master the shape and position of ovary, master its supports, understand its change inage.3. master the position and parts of uterine tube, master their features, understand theposition of tubal ligation.4. master the shape and position of uterus, master its supports..5. master the position and parts of vagina; master the relationship between posteriorfornix of vagina and rectouterine pouch and understand their clinical significance. 6. master the position of greater vestibular gland, understand the composition of femaleexternal genital organs.Chapter 7. perineum1．understand the narrow sense of perineum and the wide sense of perineum. 2．understand the clinical significance of trigonum urogenitale and anal triangle.Chapter 8 peritoneum1．master the concepts of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity; understand the function of peritoneum.2. master the relationship between viscera and peritoneum.3. master the location and division of lesser omentum, master the location andcomposition of greater omentum.4. master the location of omental bursa and omental foramen.5. understand the name, location and attachment of mesenterium, understand the nameand location of ligaments of liver, ligaments of spleen and ligaments of stomach 6. understand peritoneal recesses and pouches, master the location and name ofperitoneal recesses.PART ⅢANGIOLOGYChapter 1. Cardiovascular SystemSection 1 General Description1.understand vascular anastomosis and its function.2. master the composition of the cardiovascular system; master the concepts of general circulation and pulmonary circulation.3. understand construction and distribution features of artery, blood capillary and vein.Section 2. Heart1. master the position and external features of heart.2. master the morphous and structures of chambers of heart.3. understand fibrous skeleton of heart and structure of the heart walls, master the morphous and structure of interatrial septum and interventricular septum; understand the position of septal defect.4. master the composition and location and function of conduction system of heart.5. master the origin, insertion, course, main branch, distribution of right coronary arteryand left coronary artery.6. understand the way of venous return of heart, master the location and main branch ofcoronary sinus, understand the lymphatic return and innervation of heart.7. master the composition of pericardium,master the location and clinical significanceof transverse sinus of pericardium and oblique sinus of pericardium.6. understand the projection of the margins of heart .Section 3 Arteries1. understand the rule of distribution of arteries in human body, understand the rule ofdistribution of arteries in organs.Ⅰ.Arteries of Pulmonary Circulation1. understand the course of pulmonary trunk, right pulmonary artery and leftpulmonary artery, master the location of arterial ligament.Ⅱ.Arteries of Systemic Circulation.1. master the division and course of the aorta2. master the origin, insertion of ascending aorta, and its branches.3. master the origin, insertion and branches of aortic arch.4. master the origin, insertion of right common carotid artery and left common carotidartery .understand its projection of body surface. master the location and function of carotid glomus and carotid sinus.5. understand the name of main branch and distribution of external carotid artery;understand the course of internal carotid artery in neck.6. master the origin, insertion of subclavian artery, axillary artery, radial artery, ulnar artery. understand their projection of body surface and their distribution.7. master the composition of superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch, understandthe main branch of subclavian artery and axillary artery.8. master the origin, insertion of thoracic aorta,understand its branch and distribution.9. master the origin, insertion of abdominal aorta, understand its branch and distribution.10. master the branches and distribution of celiac trunks, superior and inferior mesentericartery, understand distribution of ovarian artery , renal artery, testicular artery. 11. master the origin, insertion of common iliac artery, understand branch anddistribution of uterine artery.12. master the origin, insertion of external iliac artery，femoral artery，anterior tibialartery，posterior tibial artery，dorsal artery of foot, understand distribution of artery.13. understand the composition of plantar artery arch.14. understand the impulse point of artery of head, neck, extremity （facial artery,superficial temporal artery, common carotid artery, right subclavian artery, femoral artery , dorsal artery of foot）,understand the common pressure point.Section 4 VeinⅠ.General description1. understand structure and characteristic of veins, understand factors of venous returnand a kinds of special veins（sinuses of dura mater, diploic veins, emissary veins）Ⅱ. Pulmonary veins1.understand the course of right pulmonary vein and left pulmonary vein.Ⅲ. Systemic veins1. master the composition, origin, insertion, and collecting of superior vena cava and itstributaries2. master the composition of brachiocephalic vein, master the form of the venous angle.3. master the origin, insertion, main tributaries（facial vein；retromandibular vein）ofinternal jugular vein. master the position of external jugular vein.4. master the origin, insertion of cephalic vein and basilic vein, master the position ofmedian cubital vein.5. master the origin, insertion, and collecting of azygos vein, understand the origin,insertion, and collecting of hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein.6. understand the location and communication of vertebral venous plexus.7. master the composition, main tributaries and collecting of inferior vena cava and its tributaries.8. master the course of renal veins, testicular vein and vena ovarica.9. master the origin, insertion, course ,and which ends in of small saphenous vein andgreat saphenous vein.10. master the composition, branch, tributaries of hepatic portal vein, master theanastomoses between the hepatic portal vein system and the vena caval system.Chapter 2 lymphatic system1. master the composition of lymphatic system, understand the structure, the generalpattern of and lymphatic return of lymphatic system.2. master the form, collecting, name, drainage of lymphatic trunks.3. master the synthesis of right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, master the place where lymph deliver to and their drainage area .4. understand the general pattern of lymph node of neck, master the location anddrainage of submandibular lymph nodes, superficial and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes.5. understand the general pattern of Lymph node of upper extremity. .master the group of axillary lymph nodes .master the location and drainage of each group.6. understand the general pattern of lymph node of thorax, master the location and drainage of bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and paratracheal lymph nodes.7. understand the general pattern of abdominal lymph node, master the location and drainage of lumbar lymph nodes,inferior and superior mesenteric lymph nodes and celiac lymph nodes.8. understand the general pattern of lymph nodes of pelvis, master the location and drainage of external iliac lymph nodes, common iliac lymph nodes and internal iliac lymph nodes.9. understand the general pattern of lymph node of lower extremity, master the location and drainage of superficial inguinal lymph nodes.10. understand lymphatic drainage of body of organ.11．master the shape and position of spleen12．master the shape and position of thymus.PART Ⅳ. Endocrine System1. understand the composition , construction features and function of endocrine system.2. master the shape and location of hypophysis, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland and pineal body.PART ⅠSENSORY ORGANSintroduction1. understand the concepts and classification of sensory organs.Chapter 1. Visual Organ1. master the composition and function of visual organ .2. understand shape of eyeball, master the shape, structure ,division and function of wall of eyeball.3. master the composition of contents of the eyeball, master the location of chamber of eye and the place where produce aqueous humor and circulation of aqueous humor.4. master shape and position of lens vitreous body.5. understand the composition and function of accessory organs of eye. understand the shape and structure of eyelids, master the shape and parts of conjunctiva.6. understand the composition of lacrimal apparatus, master the location of lacrimal gland, and master the composition of lacrimal passages and their openings.7. master the name and function of ocular muscles.8. understand adipose body of orbit and fasciae of orbit.9. understand the origin, insertion, main branch, distribution of ophthalmic artery, understand venous return of eyeChapter 2. Vestibulocochlear Organ1. understand the composition and function of vestibulocochlear organ.2. understand the composition of external ear, master the location, morphous, division of external acoustic meatus and master characteristic of infant external acoustic meatus.3. master the shape, location and division of tympanic membrane.4. master the composition of middle ear, the location of tympanic cavity and morphous of six walls of the tympanic cavity and understand communication of tympanic cavity.5. master the position, parts, openings, and function of auditory tube, and the characteristic of auditory tube in childhood.7. master the location of mastoid antrum and mastoid cells.8. master the position and parts of internal ear, master the parts of bony labyrinth and morphous of each part, master the position relation of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth.9. understand the form and function of membranous labyrinth..10. master the position and function of the receptor for auditory sensation and sensation of position.11. understand routes of conduction of the sound waves.PART ⅡNervous SystemChapter 1. introduction1.understand the function of nervous system in human body, master the division of nervous system, understand the structure and classification of neurons.2. understand the basic functional unit of nervous system ,master the basic components of reflex arc.3. master the terminology of nervous system .Chapter 2. Central Nervous SystemSection 1. Spinal Cord1. master the location, feature, segments of spinal cord and anatomic relationship ofspinal cord with vertebral body.2. master the distribution and name of white matter and gray matter in transverse sectionof cervical segment.3. master the position and function of columns of gray and central canal. undstand Rexed's laminae.4. master the position and function of ascending tracts（fasciculus gracilis、fasciculus cuneatus, spino-thalamic tract）and descending tracts（corticospinal tract）, understand the position and function of other ascending tracts, descending tracts and fasciculus。
《系统解剖学》教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs
◆ Clinical application
2.Knee joint 膝关节 1)Composition:
lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella
(3)Pelvic cavity (4)Pubic arch, subpubic
angle
subpubic angle
骨盆的性差
男性
女性
骨盆形状 窄而长 宽而短
骨盆上口 呈心形 椭圆形
骨盆下口 狭小 宽大
骨盆腔 呈漏斗形 圆筒形
骶骨 窄长， 宽短，
曲度大 曲度小
骶骨岬 突出 突出
明显 不明显
耻骨下角 70º~ 75º 90º~
桡尺近侧关节
◆ Feature: Type of joint: compound joint
Capsule: thin and loose anteriorly and posteriorly.
Ligaments:
1.Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带
2. Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带
3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带 Coracoacromial arch 喙肩弓
Coracoid process
Ⅱ)Joints of free upper limb
1.Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball-and-socket)
◆ Composition: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
《系统解剖学》双语教学教学大纲
《系统解剖学》教学大纲大纲说明课程代码：1001526011总学时：96学时（讲课68学时，实验28学时）总学分：5学分课程类别：专业基础课，必修适用专业：临床医学预修要求：课程的性质、目的、任务：本课程是按人体系统研究正常人体器官的形态结构、生理功能及其生长发育规律的科学，是人体解剖学的主要分科之一。
本课程是基础医学中重要的支柱学科之一，是学习其他医学基础课程和临床医学课程的必修主干课。
本课程培养学生认真负责的工作态度和严谨细致的工作作风，培养学生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力及一定的自学能力。
通过本门课程的学习，使学生理解和掌握人体各器官系统的正常形态结构特征、位置毗邻、生长发育规律及其功能意义，为学习其他基础医学课程和临床医学课程奠定必要的形态学基础。
教学基本方式：本课程是一门医学生必修的重要主干课程，教学方法主要包括理论教学和实验教学。
理论教学应注重形态学教学方法的特点，充分利用图片、幻灯和多媒体等教学手段；实验教学则应充分利用模型、实物等教学手段。
在教学过程中，要注意与其他医学基础课和临床医学课的知识联系，并注重学生观察能力、动手能力和创新能力的培养。
大纲的使用说明：一、本大纲教学内容按下列三种不同深度的要求进行实施：1、掌握：该内容应在课堂上讲深、讲透，要求学生对此内容的基本知识或基础理论深入地了解，理论联系实际，融会贯通，牢固掌握。
2、熟悉：该内容要重点地讲解，使学生在全面理解的基础上，抓住重点。
3、了解：对要求了解的内容，则可概括讲授并扼要介绍国内外的进展及一般规律。
二、各章重点是对本课程具有重大影响的知识内容，要求教师在授课过程中给予高度重视，通过深入细致地讲解使学生能熟练掌握这部分内容。
三、各章难点是大多数学生不易接受的内容，要求教师慎重选择有效的教学方法或清晰的事例，使学生能够顺利接受这部分内容。
大纲正文绪论学时：1学时（讲课1学时）基本要求：1．掌握：人体的轴、面和方位术语。
临本系解教学大纲
《系统解剖学》课程教学大纲一、《系统解剖学》课程说明（一）课程代码：16131001（二）课程英文名称：Systeatic Anatomy（三）开课对象：临床医学（本科）（四）课程性质：专业必修课系统解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学，是一门重要的医学主干学科，是医学各学科的基础。
同时，人体解剖学又是一门极具实验性、实践性的学科。
对人体构造认识的每一点、每一滴都是来自于尸体解剖观察和临床实践。
医学生在临床实践前必须熟悉人体解剖结构，这就决定了人体解剖学的教学必须具备独特的、良好的实践条件。
学习的目的，在于通过理论与实践相结合的教学法，使学生认识和掌握人体各系统和器官的形态结构和人体各局部的层次解剖、重要器官的配布与毗邻关系以及解剖基本技能，为学习其它基础医学课程和临床医学课程奠定基础。
有多门后续课程，包括局部解剖学、生理学、病理学、生物化学、内科学、外科学、科学、妇产科学等。
（五）教学目的通过系统解剖学的教学，使学生掌握解剖科学的基本研究方法，培养学生严谨的科学态度和实事求是的工作作风，以及独立获取知识和独立分析，解决问题的能力。
培养学生正确使用解剖学术语。
要求学生全面理解和掌握人体正常器官形态和结构。
（六）教学内容本课程主要包括运动系统、内脏学、脉管学、感觉器、神经系统、内分泌器官等几个部分。
通过教学的各个环节使学生达到各章中所提的基本要求。
（七）学时数、学分数及学时数具体分配学时数：120 学时分数： 6.5 学分教学时数具体分配：（八）教学方式以多媒体教学手段为主要形式的课堂教学。
（九）考核方式和成绩记载说明考核方式为考试。
严格考核学生出勤情况，达到学籍管理规定的旷课量取消考试资格。
综合成绩根据平时成绩和期末成绩评定，平时成绩占30% ，期末成绩占70% 。
二、讲授大纲与各章的基本要求绪论教学时数：1学时教学内容：人体解剖学的任务及分科，人体解剖学的发展史，人体解剖学标准姿势、轴、面和方位术语，人体正常、异常、变异和畸形的一般概念。
(完整)《系统解剖学》教学大纲(部分章节)汇总,推荐文档
《系统解剖学》教学大纲（部分章节）一、课程编号：11033适用专业：五年制本科临床医学、护理学、麻醉医学、口腔医学、影像医学、预防医学、生物学、药学等专业。
课程类别：主干课程总学时数：126学时（其中含实验90 学时）学分数：7二、课程性质、目的和要求系统解剖学（systematic anatomy）是按人体器官功能系统研究人体正常器官形态结构及其发生发展的科学，是医学科学中一门重要的基础课，是人体解剖学的主要分科之一。
系统解剖学的基本要求：1、理论讲授：人体各系统的组成、基本形态结构特点及机能意义，各器官的位置、形态、结构特征。
2、实验：系统解剖学是以实验为主，分组在实验室结合活体、标本、模型、挂图、多媒体、录像等反复实践，加深“三基”内容的训练。
系统解剖学的教学目标：使学生掌握系统解剖学的基本理论、基本知识、基本实验技能和一定的科学研究方法，能正确认识人体各器官的正常形态、位置与结构，能正确运用解剖学术语描述人体各器官的形态、位置和结构、动脉和神经分布及静脉和淋巴汇流。
为适用五年制本科教学的需要，我们制定了本大纲，对系统解剖学的教学内容进行了分级，各系统中的掌握内容为面授内容，了解内容为自学内容。
三、教学内容、要点绪论[目的要求]一、了解人体解剖学的任务和分科。
二、了解学习人体解剖学的观点。
三、了解人体解剖学发展史。
四、了解人体器官、系统的概念。
五、掌握人体的轴、面和方位术语。
运动系统（locomotor system）[目的要求]一、掌握骨（bone）的形态，构造和功能，骨的化学成分和物理特性。
了解骨的化学成分和物理特性、骨的生长方式及骺软骨的骨化。
二、掌握躯干骨的组成和功能、椎骨(vertebrae)的一般形态和各部椎骨的特征、肋骨的一般形态，结构、胸骨的基本形态结构，胸骨角(sternal angle)的特征和意义、躯干骨的骨性标志。
三、掌握颅（skull）的组成和功能、脑颅（cerebral cranium）诸骨的位置和分部。
系统解剖学III教学大纲(新)
系统解剖学-Ⅲ教学大纲课程基本信息：课程名称系统解剖学-Ⅲ(Systematic Anatomy Ⅲ)课程号50133240课程类别基础课学时：共64，理论课32，实验课32 学分： 4教学目的及要求：使学生理解和掌握人体各器官的形态结构，配布形式及基本规律，为学习以后的基础课和临床课奠定必要的形态学基础。
要求同学之间，同学与老师之间密切配合、多看、多思考、多归纳、多联系、多接触标本，这是学好解剖学的重要环节。
教学内容绪论（1学时）掌握：解剖学位（姿势）和人体的轴、面及方位术语。
熟悉：人体解剖学的定义和地位，人体的器官系统和分部运动系统（13学时）掌握：运动系统的组成熟悉：运动系统的基本功能一、骨及骨连结掌握：骨的形态、构造、骨质的化学成份和物理性质。
长骨的增长与加粗。
关节的基本结构和功能。
熟悉：骨的表面标志；骨的功能，关节的辅助结构躯干骨及其连结：掌握：脊柱的组成、弯曲，椎间盘的位置、形态、结构和功能。
脊柱的主要韧带名称；肋骨的形态和分类；胸骨角的位置及对应平面的应用意义。
胸廓的组成、形态特征、上口和下口。
熟悉：椎管的组成、椎间孔的位置和组成。
胸骨的位置、形态和分部颅及其连结：掌握：颅的组成，面颅、脑颅的分部。
颅的重要标志。
颅底的重要孔裂，鼻旁窦的位置及开口熟悉：颞下颌关节的组成和运动四肢骨及其连结掌握：上肢骨的组成、肩胛骨、肱骨、尺骨、桡骨的形态位置及重要标志, 肩关节、肘关节、桡腕关节、拇腕掌关节的组成、形态和功能, 下肢骨的组成、髋骨的组成及主要标志。
股骨、胫骨、腓骨的形态、位置、重要标志, 髋关节、膝节、踝关节的组成、形态和结构特点及主要运动。
骨盆的组成。
大、小骨盆的分界，小骨盆上、下口。
熟悉：喙肩韧带的位置，足弓的位置和构成及作用，骨盆的性别差异，坐骨大、小孔的组成。
二、肌学掌握：肌的构造与机能，肌的构造与机能。
熟悉：肌的形态与分类。
上、下肢肌：掌握：三角肌的形态、起止及功能。
前臂肌的分群和功能。
《系统解剖学》教学资料 双语庞磊内脏总论消化一-41页精选文档
D• Migoeustthiv口e腔glands消化腺
• Pharynx咽
• Esophagus食管 • Stomach胃
Superior digestive tube
• Small intestine小肠
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Inferior digestive tube
•Large intestine大肠
Lymphatic ring咽淋巴环
－consists of pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil,
Palatine tonsil, and lingual tonsil, forming a circular band of lymphoid tissue at oropharyngeal isthmus
Ⅵ. Major salivary glands
Ⅰ) Parotid gland 腮腺
• Superficial part • Deep part • Parotid duct: opposite
the upper second molar tooth
Ⅱ) Submandibular gland 下颌下腺
两条横线
腹上区 右季肋区
左季肋区
两条纵线
右腹外侧区 脐 区 左腹外侧区
右髂区 腹下区 左髂区
2.腹部的分区
Quadrants： 一横线 一垂直
右上腹 左上腹 右下腹 左下腹
Chapter 5
The Alimentary System 消化系统
Composition
Digestive tube 消化管
Ⅱ. Division
Three segments
(完整)系统解剖学教学大纲
教案系统解剖学(第六版）兰州大学基础医学院解剖学教研室前言系统解剖学systematic anatomy是按人体器官功能系统阐述人体正常器官形态结构、位置毗邻及其基本功能的科学，是学习其它基础医学和临床医学课程的重要基础课。
其任务是通过充分利用标本、模型、多媒体，施行大班理论教学和小班实验教学，使学生掌握人体各器官配布、形态结构和重要毗邻关系的知识和解剖基本技能，为学习其它基础医学课程、临床医学课程及临床实践奠定基础。
要求学生通过对系统解剖学的学习，一方面牢固而熟练的掌握系统解剖学的基本内容和基本技能，掌握常用英文解剖学词汇，正确认识各器官、结构的正常位置与形态,并能正确应用解剖学术语描述之;另一方面培养学生自学能力、观察能力、表达能力以及分析问题和解决问题的能力。
按照临床医学专业五年制本科教学计划要求，本课程参考学时为126学时,学分为7学分，实习考核占20％，理论考核占80％.理论与实验课学时分配表本科系统解剖学进度表126学时)系统解剖学教学大纲绪论【目的要求】1.掌握系统解剖学的定义，人体的标准姿势、方位术语、轴和面.2.熟悉人体的分部和器官系统。
3.了解系统解剖学的任务、分科及发展简史。
【教学难点】人体的标准姿势、方位术语、轴和面。
【教学内容】1．人体解剖学的定义.2．人体解剖学的任务和分科。
3．人体的分部和器官系统。
4．解剖学姿势、方位术语和人体的轴和面.运动系统第一章骨学【目的要求】1。
掌握骨的分类；椎骨的一般形态；胸骨的分部及重要标志；颅骨的组成、脑颅和面颅各骨的名称、颅的整体观；上、下肢带骨，自由上、下肢骨的位置及形态。
2.熟悉骨的构造；各部椎骨的主要特征；脑颅和面颅各骨的形态结构、新生儿颅的特征及其生后变化;肋的组成、形态结构;指骨的基本形态、位置及排列。
3。
了解骨的表面形态；骨的化学成分和物理性质；腕骨、掌骨的位置、组成及形态；跗骨、跖骨和趾骨的位置及排列。
【教学难点】各部椎骨的主要特征；脑颅和面颅各骨的形态；颅的整体观。
《系统解剖学》课程教学大纲
《系统解剖学》课程教学大纲英文名称：Systematic anatomy课程代码：220601001课程类别：专业基础课课程性质：必修开课学期：第一学年第一学期总学时： 72（讲课：72,实验0,实践0,网络0）总学分：4考核方式：期末统考先修课程：无适用专业：运动康复、康复治疗技术一、课程简介系统解剖学是按功能系统研究正常人体器官的形态结构、生理功能及其生长发育规律的科学，是学习其它医学学科的基石和支柱。
因为只有在充分认识人体各器官的形态结构基础上，才能正确理解人体的生理现象和病理过程，否则就无法判断人体的正常与异常，区别生理与病理状态，更不能对疾病进行正确的预防、诊断和治疗。
学习解剖学的目的，就是从医学专业的实际需要出发，掌握人体正常形态结构的知识，为学习康复专业其他基础和临床课程奠定坚实的基础。
本课程按照人体的运动系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统、脉管系统、感觉器、神经系统和内分泌系统等九大系统，主讲老师结合真实器官讲授相关解剖学知识，主要包括各器官的形态结构、位置毗邻、功能意义及相关临床联系。
本课程为专业基础理论课，学时为72学时。
二、课程目标及其对毕业要求的支撑三、课程内容及要求第一章骨学教学内容：第一节总论1.骨的形态、分类和构造。
2.颈椎、胸椎、腰椎和骶骨的结构特点。
3.骨性胸廓、肋弓的组成。
4.胸骨、肋骨的形态构造及胸骨角、肋沟的意义。
5.颅的组成，各颅骨的位置及名称。
6.颅底内面的主要孔、裂结构。
7.翼点的围成及意义。
8.骨性口腔、鼻腔、眶的围成及交通。
9.肩胛骨、锁骨、肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、髋骨、股骨和胫骨的位置及主要形态结构。
10.新生儿颅的特点。
11.全身重要的骨性标志。
12.骨的化学成分和物理性质。
13.骨的发生、发育和可塑性。
14..脊柱的生理性弯曲。
15.手骨、足骨的形态及排列。
第二节中轴骨1 骨性胸廓、肋弓的组成。
2. 胸骨、肋骨的形态构造及胸骨角、肋沟的意义。
《系统解剖学》实验教学大纲
《系统解剖学》实验教学大纲课程名称：系统解剖学英文名称：systemic anatomy 课程性质：学科基础课程适用专业：供护理、检验、药学、预防、生物科学等专业使用。
考核方式：主要分为日常考核、操作考核、卷面考核、提交实验结果和面试五类，可选取多种方式，实验成绩的构成方式及占总成绩的20%。
课程简介：该课程是临床医学专业本科生教学的必修课程，通过本门课的教学过程阐明人体各器官的形态结构、位置相互关系及其发生发展规律。
人体解剖学是医学科学中一门重要的基础课，它和医学其他各科有着密切的联系，并为学生学好生理、病理、临床各科打下坚实的基础。
本门课程总学时60个学时，其中理论教学为30学时、实验学时30学时，实验个数为20个。
实验教材及参考书：柏树令主编．系统解剖学．第6版，北京：人民卫生出版社，2004．7实验一绪论、骨学总论、中轴骨骼一、类别：验证、示教性实验。
二、实验目的和要求：掌握骨的基本形态、骨的分类、骨的构造。
躯干骨的组成及其功能、椎骨的分部、椎骨的基本形态和各部椎骨的主要特征、胸骨的形态结构和分部、躯干骨的主要骨性标志。
三、实验内容：结合骨架和游离骨观察各类的形态结构；结合脱钙骨和煅烧骨标本观察骨的物理特性；观察椎骨的一般形态结构和各部椎骨的典型结构区别。
掌握颅的组成及其分部。
脑颅和面颅各骨的名称和位置，下颌骨的形态、结构。
颅底内面三个颅窝的境界及重要结构，包括主要孔裂、颅骨的主要骨性标志。
四、学时：1.5学时。
五、主要仪器设备：常规解剖器械；人体骨架标本、各类骨标本、躯干骨标本。
六、实验中注意事项：爱护标本，轻拿轻放。
实验二附肢骨骼、关节学总论一、类别：验证、示教性实验。
二、实验目的和要求：掌握上肢骨的组成、分部、排列及其功能、上肢骨中锁骨、肩胛骨、肱骨、尺骨、桡骨的位置与形态、上肢骨的重要体表标志。
下肢骨的组成、分部、排列及其功能、髋骨的位置、组成和形态，股骨、胫骨、腓骨、膑骨的位置与形态，跗骨的排列。
《系统解剖学》实验教学大纲资料
《系统解剖学》实验教学大纲《系统解剖学》实验教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：系统解剖学／Systematic Anatomy课程总学时：54实验总学时：8实验课性质：非独立设课适用专业：应用心理学专业承担实验室（或教研室）：基础医学院人体解剖学教研室一、课程实验教学简介系统解剖学课程在高等中医学院校的中医学、应用心理学以及其它一些相关专业的教学计划中，是一门十分重要的专业基础课，实验课是完成本课程教学的重要环节。
系统解剖学实验的主要目的是使学生获得和掌握人体各个系统内各器官的形态、结构及其功能的相关知识，通过实验培养学生理论联系实际及分析问题、解决问题的能力。
实验中力求以学生动手操作为主，教师指导为辅的方针，并且通过这门课程的实验教学为学习其他医学课程奠定必要的形态学基础。
二、课程实验教学的目的和基本要求1．掌握人体各系统的组成，各器官形态、位置、结构及其主要机能；2．了解人整体结构的相互关系及其整体性概念；3．了解人体器官的年龄变化及其临床意义；4．为其他医学专业课学习打好基础。
三、学生应掌握的实验技术和基本技能通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握人体各个系统内各器官的形态、结构及其功能。
四、实验项目名称、性质和学时分配五、各单项实验的具体内容和要求(包括实验分组人数要求)：（一）实验名称：运动系统实验内容：全身骨、骨连结、骨骼肌实验目的：1．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握人体各部骨的配布和形态特征；2．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握人体各部主要关节的构成、功能特点和主要运动形式；3．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握人体各部主要肌群的配布、形态特征和功能。
实验要求：30人／小班，5人／组。
（二）实验名称：内脏学实验内容：消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统实验目的：1．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握消化管各部的形态特征，各主要消化腺的位置、形态，了解腹膜的分部及其形成结构；2．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握呼吸道各部的形态特征，肺的形态，了解胸膜的分部及其形成结构，熟悉纵隔的概念、分部；3．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握泌尿系统各器官的位置、形态及构造特征；4．通过对标本、模型的观察，结合电脑投影及挂图，掌握男、女性生殖系统的组成、各主要器官的位置、形态。
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《系统解剖学》教学大纲大纲说明课程代码：1001526011总学时：96学时（讲课68学时，实验28学时）总学分：5学分课程类别：专业基础课，必修适用专业：临床医学预修要求：课程的性质、目的、任务：本课程是按人体系统研究正常人体器官的形态结构、生理功能及其生长发育规律的科学，是人体解剖学的主要分科之一。
本课程是基础医学中重要的支柱学科之一，是学习其他医学基础课程和临床医学课程的必修主干课。
本课程培养学生认真负责的工作态度和严谨细致的工作作风，培养学生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力及一定的自学能力。
通过本门课程的学习，使学生理解和掌握人体各器官系统的正常形态结构特征、位置毗邻、生长发育规律及其功能意义，为学习其他基础医学课程和临床医学课程奠定必要的形态学基础。
教学基本方式：本课程是一门医学生必修的重要主干课程，教学方法主要包括理论教学和实验教学。
理论教学应注重形态学教学方法的特点，充分利用图片、幻灯和多媒体等教学手段；实验教学则应充分利用模型、实物等教学手段。
在教学过程中，要注意与其他医学基础课和临床医学课的知识联系，并注重学生观察能力、动手能力和创新能力的培养。
大纲的使用说明：一、本大纲教学内容按下列三种不同深度的要求进行实施：1、掌握：该内容应在课堂上讲深、讲透，要求学生对此内容的基本知识或基础理论深入地了解，理论联系实际，融会贯通，牢固掌握。
2、熟悉：该内容要重点地讲解，使学生在全面理解的基础上，抓住重点。
3、了解：对要求了解的内容，则可概括讲授并扼要介绍国内外的进展及一般规律。
二、各章重点是对本课程具有重大影响的知识内容，要求教师在授课过程中给予高度重视，通过深入细致地讲解使学生能熟练掌握这部分内容。
三、各章难点是大多数学生不易接受的内容，要求教师慎重选择有效的教学方法或清晰的事例，使学生能够顺利接受这部分内容。
大纲正文绪论学时：1学时（讲课1学时）基本要求：1．掌握：人体的轴、面和方位术语。
2．熟悉：解剖学姿势的概念。
3．了解：学习系统解剖学的目的任务、基本观点和方法；人体解剖学的分类。
重点：解剖学方位术语。
难点：每一对方位术语之间的关系及区别。
教学内容：一、人体解剖学的分科二、人体解剖学发展简史三、人体的分部与器官系统四、解剖学姿势、方位述语与人体的轴与面DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMICAL TERM●The anatomical positionAll description in human anatomy is expressed in relation to the anatomical position this position is adopted worldwide for giving description and must be understood. By using the anatomical position, any part of the body can be related to any other part of it. A person in the anatomical position is standing erect (or lying supine as if erect) with the head, eyes, and toes directed forward, the upper limbs by the sides with the palms facing forward and the lower limbs together with the digits (toes) pointing forward. You must always visualized the anatomical position in your “mind’s eye” when describing patients (or cadavers) lying on their backs (the supine position), sides, or fronts (the prone position). Always describe the body as if it was in the anatomical position, otherwise confusion as to the meaning of your description may exist and serous consequences could result.●Regional of the body●Anatomical planesAnatomical description is also based on four imaginary planes (median, sagittal, coronal, and horizontal) that pass through the body in the anatomical position.●Terms of positionVarious adjectives are used to describe the relationship of part of the body in the anatomical position, several pairs of terms are used, including, anterior and posterior, Superior and inferior, medial and lateral, proximal and distal, superficial and deep, external (outer) and internal (inner).●Terms of movement五、人体器官的变异与畸形运动系统第一章骨学学时：9学时（讲课3学时，实验6学时）基本要求：1．掌握：骨的形态、分类和构造；躯干骨、颅骨和四肢骨的组成、名称、位置、重要形态结构和骨性标志；颅底内面、颅侧面的主要形态结构；眶和骨性鼻腔的形态结构和通邻；骨性鼻旁窦的名称、位置和开口。
2．熟悉：长骨的结构；筛、蝶、颞骨和上颌骨的分部和形态结构；颅底外面和颅盖外面的形态结构；新生儿颅的特征及生后变化。
3．了解：不同年龄骨的理化特性；骨的生长和发育；骨的可塑性；四肢骨的变异和畸形。
重点：骨的形态分类和构造；全身各骨的名称、重要形态结构和骨性标志。
难点：颅底内、外面的形态结构；眶和骨性鼻腔的形态结构和通邻。
教学内容：第一节总论一、骨的分类二、骨的构造三、骨的化学成分和物理性质四、骨的发生和发育(自学)五、骨的可塑性(自学)第二节中轴骨骼一、躯干骨Recognize a typical rib, and understand the concepts of true, false and floating ribs, costal margin. Recognize the features of the sternum, the vertebral level of the angle of Louis, and the clinical significance of the useful bony prominence.Understand the formation of the bony thoracic cage. Describe the inlet (superior aperture) and outlet (inferior aperture) of the cage. Understand the movements of the cage, and its physiological significance of the movements.二、颅第三节附肢骨骼一、上肢骨Understand the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula) are very mobile, and mainly attached to the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae by muscles. Identify the shapes, positions of the bones lying in the upper limb, such as, clavicle, scapular, humerus, etc. The important landmarks on these bones could be found on yourself body.Recognize the differences between the bones of the upper limb with those in the lower limb.二、下肢骨第二章关节学学时：4学时（讲课2学时，实验2学时）基本要求：1．掌握：椎骨间的连结；肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝关节、踝关节及颞下颌关节的组成、结构特点与运动方式；骨盆的构成、分界、功能和性别差异。
2．熟悉：关节的基本结构和辅助结构；脊柱整体观及其运动；骨性胸廓的构成、整体观及其运动；前臂骨间连结和小腿骨间连结；胸骨与肋的连结；脊柱整体观及其运动；耻骨联合的结构特点和功能意义；足弓。
3．了解：骨连结的分类；颅骨的连结方式；上肢带连结；腕掌关节和指关节；髋骨与脊柱间的连结；跗骨间关节、跗跖关节和跖趾关节。
重点：肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝和颞下颌等七大关节；椎骨间连结；骨盆。
难点：膝关节；椎弓间的连结。
教学内容：第一节总论一、直接连结二、间接连结第二节中轴骨连结一、躯干骨的连结二、颅骨的连结第三节附肢骨连结一、上肢骨的连结二、下肢骨的连结第三章肌学学时：4学时（讲课2学时，实验2学时）基本要求：1．掌握：主要头颈肌、躯干肌和四肢肌（枕额肌、咀嚼肌、胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌、肋间肌、膈、腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌、腹直肌、三角肌、大圆肌、肱二头肌、肱肌、肱三头肌、肱桡肌、旋前圆肌、桡侧腕屈肌、掌长肌、指深屈肌、鱼际、髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨状肌、闭孔内肌、缝匠肌、股四头肌、长收肌、大收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌、小腿三头肌等）的位置、起止、配布和功能；全身主要的肌性标志；膈裂孔通过的内容；腹直肌鞘；白线；腹股沟管；海氏三角；三边孔和四边孔；股三角；收肌管；梨状肌上、下孔。
2．熟悉：肌的构造和形态；肌群配布与关节轴的关系；腋窝；腕管；臂肌、前臂肌和手肌的分群；躯干肌的分部、分层和配布概况。