初中英语语法——句子成分分析
英语句子成分详解方法精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1）主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，是全句叙述的对象，是句子要说明的人或事物，即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2）谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，常由动词担任，一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化，且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3）宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象，是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。
初中英语语法句子成分
初中英语语法句子成分主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句（名词性从句里会细讲主语从句）等均可作主语。
*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪（名词短语作主语）*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。
（代词作主语）*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。
（数词做主语）*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。
（名词化的形容词作主语，注意the+形容词表一类人，谓语用复数。
主谓一致会详细讲解）*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。
（不定式短语作主语，“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念，谓语用单数。
）*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。
（动词-ing形式短语作主语）*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。
（从句作主语）谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
（详细参考“主语与动词”笔记）*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.宾语：1. 定义：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。
(完整)英语语法-句子成分分析及练习
如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师.） Time flies. (时光飞逝。
）这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语.The school is far from here。
名词做主语She goes to school by bike。
代词做主语Eight is a lucky number。
数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting。
动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
（从句）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语.且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。
如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。
） He enjoys singing songs。
（他喜欢唱歌。
）这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式）,enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语.其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称.宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如： I play with him。
(我和他玩。
)I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。
）这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。
直接宾语与间接宾语:有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书)这句话中 a book 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。
初中英语语法句子成分-
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语是动作或状态的主语。
主语的位置：一般位于句首由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和从句充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语What we shall do next is not yet decided. 从句充当主要2、谓语表示主语的动作或状态.动词由动词或动词短语充当谓语动词有人称、数、时态、语态的变化。
分析句子的主语和谓语His parents are teachers. 系动词和表语构成谓语Mr. Li teaches English. 行为动词做谓语He can play the piano. 情态动词和行为动词构成谓语We have finished reading the book. 助动词和实义动词构成谓语3、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
及物动词必须跟宾语. 对谓语对的进一步解释说明及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语We often help him. 代词做宾语He likes to play basketb all. 不定式做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I enjoy going shopping.动名词做宾语He said that he felt sick.从句做宾语4、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
英语句子成分分析法结构解析
英语句子成分分析法结构解析很多同学对英语的句子成分搞不懂，所以就影响了他们的阅读和写作，以及做其他类型题目的能力。
今天店铺为大家带来了英语句子成分分析，欢迎大家阅读!英语句子成分分析篇一一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例：划出下列句子的主语，并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.( )2. We often speak English in class.( )3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.( )4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( )5. Smoking does harm to the health.( )6. The rich should help the poor.( )7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )(三)谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
初中英语语法教学课件--英语句子成分分析 共27张ppt
基本句型五
S
V（及物） O (宾语) C（宾补）
We must keep the door open.
The makes me news
We call
him
happy. Jim.
He told
I
saw
me a thief
to wash the plates.
going into your room.
常见的系动词有be 动词,有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词(除了sound你还能举例吗?)
常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起 来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持， 仍是）, feel（感觉）
2. We didn’t meet anybody n_e_w_ at the meeting.
3. The boy, t_ir_e_d_,_h_u_n_g_r_y__a_n_d_t_h_irsty, _fe_l_l _d_own on the beach.
4. He is a man s_u_it_a_b_l_e_f_o_r_t_h_e_j_ob.
你能归纳出定语的位置吗?
定语说明名词特点,性质; 状语则说明 动词何如何.
1. We _o_ft_e_n help him. 2. I r_e_a_ll_y don’t like the food. 3. He did his homework c_a_re_f_u_l_ly a_t_h_o_m__e. 4.Her mother goes o__u_t _to__d_o__s_o_m_e___
初中英语句子成分分析法
初中英语句子成分分析法英语句子是英语对话和文章的基础。
下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分分析，欢迎阅读!初中英语句子成分分析精选句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。
句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接宾语和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。
主语要放在句首。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
不定式作主语 What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。
从句作主语2 谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。
谓语通常有三个表现形式：1动词或动词短语作谓语He studies hard. 他学习很努力。
The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。
2谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语They are picking apples. 他们正在摘苹果。
He made us laugh heavily.他使我们大笑不止。
3连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。
It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。
He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。
句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。
短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。
间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。
初中英语语法句子成分
句子成分：（1）主语主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体（主语可以由这些词类或形式来担任：名词、代词、动名词【如动词原形+ing】、形容词、分词【分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，尤指以-ing结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态、语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。
分词分为现在分词-ing和过去分词-ed两种，是一种非谓语动词形式：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
】、副词或数词等）。
现理解：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。
例：Betty likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. This is my book.The first is yours. What were you doing yesterday morning.（2）谓语由简单动词或动词短语构成【助动词{be, have, has,do, does,shall, did,will, should, would 它们表示时态，语态，构成疑问句与否定副词not合用，加强语气}或情态动词{是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) }+主要动词】，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语（由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语,就是简单谓语，不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语）和复合谓语（谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语【助动词或情态动词+主要动词】构成。
初中英语语法之句子成分
句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。
(完整word版)英语语法-句子成分分析及练习
如：They were teachers。
(他们曾是老师.） Time flies. (时光飞逝。
)这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number。
数词做主语The blind need more help。
名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream。
不定式短语做主语他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
（从句）（It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语）英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。
如：They were teachers.（他们曾是老师.） He enjoys singing songs。
(他喜欢唱歌.）这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语.其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称.宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后.如： I play with him。
（我和他玩。
）I like Chinese food。
(我喜欢中国菜。
)这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。
直接宾语与间接宾语:有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
如：He gave me a book。
初中英语语法句子的成分
4)主语是动名词短语having a family 。
5)主语是名词Successful language learners。
6)主语是主语从句What is accepted as true 。
7)主语是动词They。
8)主语是数词4671363 。
9)主语是名词The movie 。
10)it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to be invited to your country.
8)4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.
9)The movie was said to be very interesting.
10)It’s a great honor to be invited to your country.
【特别提示】
1） 祈使句的主语（you）经常省略；如：（You）Open the door, please.
2） 动名词，不定式和从句做主语时，谓语动词为单数。如上述例句中的4、5、6。
【强化练习】
判断下列各句的主语的位置及性质：
1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.
初中英语语法知识点整理总结-句子的基本结构
句子的基本结构句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。
一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。
由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
The train leaves at 6 o’clock.She is reading.3、宾语：表示动作的对象。
一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。
He won the game. He likes playing computer.4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。
He is a student. We are tired.注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。
例如：I tell him something interesting.2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
初中英语句子成分分析
初中英语句子成分分析
1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是存在的人或者事物。
例句：Tom is a student. （主语：Tom）
2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中说明主语做什么或者是主语存在的状态。
例句：She is singing. （谓语：is singing）
3. 宾语（Object）：句子中接受动作或者是存在的事物。
例句：I bought a book. （宾语：a book）
4. 定语（Adjective）：句子中描述或者修饰名词或代词的词语。
例句：The red car is fast. （定语：red）
5. 状语（Adverb）：句子中描述动作、形容词、副词等的词语。
例句：He runs quickly. （状语：quickly）
例句：He is a doctor. （表语：a doctor）
总之，初中英语句子成分分析主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和表语。
根据句子的不同结构和语义，各个成分的具体表达方式可能有所不同。
2024年初中英语语法一轮复习之句子成分分析
2024年初中英语语法一轮复习之句子成分分析英语语法句子成分分析是指对英语句子中各个成分进行划分和分析，以便更好地理解句子的结构和意义。
以下是一些常见的英语句子成分:主语(Subject):句子中进行动作的人、物或事物。
例如:The dog runs in the park.(狗在公园里跑。
)谓语(Predicate):句子中的动作或状态。
例如:The dog runs in the park.(狗在公园里跑。
)宾语(Object):句子中被动作所影响的人、物或事物。
例如:The dog runs in the park.(狗在公园里跑。
)定语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，描述它们的性质、状态或特征。
例如:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.(那只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了懒狗。
)状语(Adverbial):对句子中其他部分进行修饰或补充说明的成分。
例如:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.(那只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了懒狗。
)以上是一些常见的英语句子成分，通过对句子成分的分析，可以更好地理解句子的结构和意义。
▲在“There be”句型中，主语通常位于谓语动词之前。
例如:There is a cat on the mat.(垫子上有只猫。
)There are two dogs at the park.(公园里有两只狗。
)在有些情况下，主语的位置可能会发生变化，这取决于句子的语境和意义。
例如:There goes my car!(我的车过去了!)There es the bus.(公交车来了!)在这些例子中，主语“my car”和“bus”的位置发生了变化，这是因为句子的语境和意义需要它们出现在不同的位置。
▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面可以用it作形式主语。
例如，在“It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…”的主语从句中，要用虚和语气，即“should+动词原形”，此时应该使用it 作为形式主语。
初中英语语法句子成分
句子成分精讲句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等;主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象;主语的位置：一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当;The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物主语的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来;谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成; 分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态;表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面;名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语; Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词;4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者;及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句5、宾语补足语宾补有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语;如果没有补足语宾补, 有时候句子的意思就不完整; 充当宾补的有:1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.3. 副词作宾语补足语;Please let him in.4. 名词作宾语补足语;We made him monitor of the class.5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语;I asked him to come.6、定语定语修饰名词或代词即在汉语里的……的1. 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面They have a clever son.I have something important to tell you.2. 名词作定语:Is it a color film名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shopman 和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:men drivers , women doctors3. 代词作定语:This song is better than that one.4. 数词作定语:There are only thirty students in our class.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 副词作定语放在被修饰词之后:Do you know the young man over there6. 介词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后:The students in our class like swimming.7、状语修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.1. 副词作状语:The old man is walking slowly.表方式The boy is very clever.表程度2. 介词短语作状语:I have lived in Shanghai for five years.表时间3. 不定式作状语I come here to see you.表目的4. 现在分词作状语The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 状语从句We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.状语的位置1. 在一般情况下,用于句末;We like our school very much.2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night.时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.动词-ed形式作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词;这种分词叫分词形容词the Participle Adjective,实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义;如：spoken English 英语口语；iced beer 冰冻啤酒；cooked food 熟食; fried chips 炸土豆条;但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义;如: boiled water开水; fallen leaves落叶; the risen sun升起的太阳等;1前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语;The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼;=the people who were excitedLost time can never be found again．虚度的时光,无法挽回;=time which is lost2后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语;1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记;2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的人中,有些是女士;3. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的;②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句;及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句;1. Is there anything planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗=that has been planned for tonight2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功; =which was attended by a lot of peopledrank some boiled water =which had boiled and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作;注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致;二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等;如：He looked worried after reading the letter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑;When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了;He seemed quite delighted at the idea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴;常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused愉快的；broken碎了的；closed关闭的；astonished吃惊的；crowded拥挤的；experienced有经验的; delighted高兴的；lost丢失的；gone遗失的；disappointed失望的；worried担忧的；interested感兴趣的tired疲劳的pleased高兴的；satisfied满意的；surprised吃惊的; married已婚的；known著名的等等三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之;作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象;She found the door broken in when she came back．她回来时发现有人破门而人;My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子;少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态.They found all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了;动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语;在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系;如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语;1. I must get my bike repaired．我必须请人修理自行车;宾语补足语2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块;主语补足语1动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等;We thought the game lost．我们认为球赛输了;I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话;They considered the matter settled．他们认为这问题解决了;2动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等;I have my hair cut once a month．我每个月理一次发;He was trying to make himself understood．他正努力使别人听懂自己;“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：①请人把某事做完;She had her house repaired．她请人把屋子修好了;Where did you have your hair cut 你在哪儿理的发②遭遇某种意外情况;He had his hat blown away on his way home．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了;She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了;③完成某事自己也可能参与;I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了;He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．他今年已存了1000元;3动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语;He won’t like such questions di scussed at the meeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题;The students wish the TV serial plays continued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去;4过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系;The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面;四,过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,但有些过去分词短语因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表动作而表状态;这样的过去分词短语常见的有: lost 迷路; seated 坐; absorbed in 全神贯注于; dressed in 穿着; tired of 厌烦等;如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音;2.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句,在句中一般能作五种状语,即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语;如：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了;Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rainGrown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快;Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil注意：①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,才可以把从句的主语省略,且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态;②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while when, once, until, if, though等连词+过去分词”结构;如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定;Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了,但他们并没有灰心;练一练I.用所给词的适当形式填空,并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配;impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise.2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.A.覆水难收B.流连忘返C.一言既出,驷马难追II.用所给词的适当形式填空;1. ______ see from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.2. ______ give time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.3. ______ look out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.III.将下列句子翻译成英语;1.由于被妈妈所说的话所感动,我忍不住哭了起来;2.如果给我们一个机会,我们将给大家一个非常好的表演;3.当问到他出生在哪里时,约翰说他是纽约人;Key: I. 1. spoken; C 2. poured; A 3. Impressed; BII. 1. Seen 2. Given 3. Looking III. 1. Moved by what my mother said, I cou ldn’t help crying.2. Given a chance, we could give a good performance.3. When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker划分句子成分练习题1are working on the farm now.is believingof us like Kobe Bryant very muchbecame a doctor in 1998book lying on the floor are mineit begins to raincatch the train ,I got up early yesterdayalways find her happywonders If I still study Englishletter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine always work hard at English.said he didn't come.love each other.did you byewatched her daughter playing the piano.job today is to help the old.doesn't mean doing.the time I got to the station,the train had left.children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.takes me an hour to get there.答案：1They主语are working系表结构做谓语on the farm地点状语now时间状语.动词ing做主语is谓语believing 宾语of us主语like 谓语Kobe Bryant 宾语very much 程度副词状语主语became谓语a doctor 宾语in 1998 时间状语book主语lying on the floor补语are谓语mine 宾语状语it形式主语began to rain 谓语catch the train ,目的状语I主语got up 谓语early yesterday 时间状语主语always find谓语her 宾语happy 状语主语wonders 谓语if I 条件句中的主语still study条件句中的谓语English 条件句中的宾语整个条件句做主干的宾语letter主语which I received the day before yesterday定语从句was谓语a friend of mine 宾语always work hard at English;——————————————主语状语谓语状语状语2. He said he didn't come.———————————————主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语love each other.——————————主谓语宾语did you bye————————宾助动词主谓watched her daughter playing the piano. —————————————————————主谓宾宾语补足语job today is to help the old.——————- ——————————主定语系动词表语doesn't mean doing.————————————主谓宾the time I got to the station,the train had left. —————————————————————————时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of ———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语their marriage.————————takes me an hour to get there.————————————————形式主语谓语宾语真正主语一. 指出下列句中主语的中心词划分句子成分练习题2① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by busA. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfastA. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book toA. giveB. didC. whomD. book三挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last classA B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about youA B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D⑦ They made him monitor of the class.A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D四挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about JimA B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D五挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given nameA B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoeA B C D六挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just nowA B C D七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me答案一① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do二① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A三① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D四①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B五① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D六① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B七① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D八① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语。
初中英语语法—句子成分详解(11)
初中英语语法—句子成分详解英语句子成分分为7种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语。
（一）主语主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。
表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
主语可以用这些词类或形式来担任:名词、代词、动名词或现在分词、数词、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句等。
作主语的各种成分:1.名词作主语Our school is not far from my house. 我们的学校离我家不远。
2.代词作主语We like our school very much. 我们非常喜欢我们学校。
3数词作主语Two plus two is four. 二加二等于四。
4.动名词作主语Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
5.动词不定式作主语To do such a job needs a better knowledge. 做这样一份工作需要丰富的知识。
6.从句作主语What I mean is to work harder. 我的意思是要努力工作。
*注意：为了保持句子平衡，通常将较长的部分(不定式、动名词、从句)移至句末而在原主语位置使用形式主语it，真正的主语是后面的部分。
作形式主语的代词只能用it，不能用that，this 等词。
如：It made us very happy that she was saved. = That she was saved made us very happy.她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴。
（二）谓语1.谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。
如：I like walking. 我喜欢走路。
(一般现在时主动语态)I made your birthday cake last night. 昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。
(一般过去时主动语态)It is used by travelers and businessmen all over the world. 全世界的旅行者和商人都使用它。
人教版初中英语语法句子成分精讲
人教版初中英语语法句子成分精讲集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）一、句子成分精讲句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语一概述：句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物，一般由名词、代词或不定式，V-ing和从句充当。
谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。
由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。
表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。
宾语:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
定语：用来修饰名词或代词。
由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。
单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。
状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。
通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。
（若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语，常见的4个的顺序为：方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。
）1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
英语句子成分分析(最完整版)
英语句子成分分析（最完整版）一、主语主语是英语句子的核心成分，它表示句子所说的是谁或什么。
主语通常由名词、代词、名词短语或动名词等充当。
例如：1. The cat is sleeping on the sofa.（猫正在沙发上睡觉。
）在这个句子中，"The cat"是主语，表示句子谈论的是猫。
2. They are playing basketball.（他们正在打篮球。
）这里，"They"作为主语，指代了一群人。
二、谓语谓语是句子中表示动作、状态或存在意义的词或词组。
谓语通常由动词或动词短语构成。
例如：1. She reads a book every day.（她每天读一本书。
）在这个句子中，"reads"是谓语，表示主语"她"的动作。
2. The flowers are blooming.（花儿正在绽放。
）这里，"are blooming"作为谓语，描述了主语"The flowers"的状态。
三、宾语宾语是接受动作的对象，分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者，而间接宾语表示动作的方向或受益者。
例如：1. I eat an apple.（我吃一个苹果。
）在这个句子中，"an apple"是直接宾语，表示动作"eat"的承受者。
2. She gave me a gift.（她给了我一个礼物。
）这里，"a gift"是直接宾语，表示动作"gave"的承受者；"me"是间接宾语，表示动作的方向。
四、表语表语用来补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态，通常位于系动词（如be、look、seem等）之后。
例如：1. He is a teacher.（他是一名教师。
）在这个句子中，"a teacher"是表语，说明主语"He"的身份。
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语法讲座——句子成分和句子结构
一、概述：要想快速记忆英语的主要语言规则就必须按照词的分类来记忆（n. v. pron. adj. adv. art.
二、句子成分：
主语:表示“是什么；是谁”。
例如:Who teaches you English? (谁教你们的英语？)
谓语:表示“做什么；是怎样”。
例如:They are talking about the grades.(他们正在谈论分数。
)
宾语:表示“动作或介词的对象”。
例如:My father bought me a new bike.(我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
)
定语:表示名词或代词是“……的”。
例如:This is a big brown wooden desk.(这是一张棕色的大木头课桌。
)
状语:表示“……地”做动作。
例如:I really like English.(我真地喜欢英语)
系表结构:英语中特有的“系动词+形容词或名词”的结构。
系动词有“1+3+6”。
例如：That sounds good.(那听起来很好) I am very well today.(我今天很好)
四、分析下列句子的句子成分：
1. Three is enough for each of us.
2. Some young people can’t be careful to their jobs.
3. You are many but they are few.
4. I can speak a little Japanese.
5. All the people are here.
6. I t’s so nice to meet you.
7. Who is she?
8. What color is your new dress?
9. When is your school art festival?
10. How is your father?
11. What are they talking about?
12. Four and three is seven.
13. All I can do is to wait and see.
14. Being a middle student is a difficult thing.
15. To be a scientist needs to work hard.
16. You also can buy clothes, fridges(冰箱) and washing machines(洗衣机) in this supermarket.
17. This is my shirt.
18. This shirt is mine.
19. Is math your favorite subject?
20. Is your favorite subject math?。