测绘专业英语考试试题

滁州学院2010 /2011学年度第2学期期末考试试卷

测绘工程专业（本科） 2008 级《测绘专业英语》试卷（时间90分钟）

一、 词汇或短语翻译（英译汉）（每小题1分，共20分） 1. settlement observation 沉陷观测

2. deflection observation 挠度观测

3. property line survey 建筑红线放样

4. cross-section survey 横断面测量

5. geoid undulation 大地水准面差距 或 大地水准面高

6. orthometric height 正高

7. very long baseline interferometry 甚长基线干涉测量 8. least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差

9. variance-covariance matrix 方差-协方差矩阵 10. normal distribution 正态分布

11. index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差 12. optical plummet 光学对中器 13. connecting traverse 附合导线 14. grid bearing 坐标方位角 15. zenith distance 天顶距

16. hydrographic survey 水道测量

17. Geodetic Reference System 1980 1980大地测量参考系统

二、词汇或短语翻译（汉译英）（每小题1分，共20分）

1. 工程测量 engineering survey

2. 施工放样 construction layout or setting-out survey

3. 竣工测量 as-built survey

4. 大地高 geodetic survey

5. 参考椭球 reference ellipsoid 参考椭球

6. 卫星激光测距 satellite laser ranging(SLR)

7. 重力场 gravity field

8. 测量平差 adjustment of observation or survey adjustment 9. 多余观测 redundant observation

10. 点位中误差 mean square error of a point

11. 粗差检验 gross error detection

12. 自动目标识别 automatic target recognition(ATR) 13. 几何水准测量 direct leveling or spirit leveling 14. 水准尺 level rod

15. 平面控制网 horizontal control network 16. 控制测量 control survey

17. 地籍测量 cadastral surveying or property survey

三、句子翻译（每小题×分，共×分）

1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.

测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物和人工地物的一种技术。

2. The ordinary procedure in determining elevations, such as balancing backsight and foresight distance in differential leveling, automatically takes into account the curvature of the earth and compensates for earth curvature and refraction, and elevations referred to the curved surface of reference are secured without extra effort by the surveyor.

在进行高程测量的一般程序中，比如水准测量中保持前后视距相等，自动考虑和补偿了地球曲率和大气折光的影响，基于曲面得到的高程仍然是可靠的，不需要测量员对数据进行进一步的处理。

3. The type of surveying that takes that takes into account the true shape of the earth is called geodetic surveying. This type of survey of survey is suited for large areas and long lines and is used to find the precise location of basic points needed for establishing control for other surveys. In geodetic surveying ，the stations are normally long distances apart, and more precise instruments and surveying methods are required for this type of surveying than for plane surveying.

这种类型的测量考虑到地球曲率的影响，被称为大地测量。

这种类型的测量的特点是区域广、基线长，用来测定控制点的精确位置。

在大地测量中，测站之间距离长，需要使用比平面测量中更精密的仪器和测量方法。 4. Distance between two points can be horizontal, slope, or vertical. 两点之间距离可以是水平的，倾斜的或垂直的。

Horizontal and slope distances can be measured with lots of techniques of measurement depending on the desired quality of the result. 水平距离和倾斜距离测量有多种方法，取决于测量的精度要求。

5. The advent of EDM instrument has completely revolutionized all surveying procedures, resulting in a change of emphasis and techniques. Distance can now be measured easily, quickly and with great accuracy, regardless of terrain conditions.

电子测距仪的问世给测量程序带来一场深刻的革命，导致了重点与技术的改变。不管地

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