英汉互译中的词类转换-汇总

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汉英翻译中的词类转换

汉英翻译中的词类转换

英语知识在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词;汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。

其中,汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。

高校常用的翻译教材,如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。

请看以下各例:例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。

如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。

不如改用抽象名词non-use:The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。

译文一:To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.译文二:To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。

译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。

例3.技术引进合同应当订明下列事项:引进技术的保密义务,改进技术的归属和分享。

译文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential theimported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.译文二:Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于"保密"这一动作译文一使用相应的动词keeping confidential,显得过于口语化。

英汉翻译中的词性转换

英汉翻译中的词性转换

英汉翻译中的词性转换一、本文概述翻译,作为语言交流的桥梁,在跨文化、跨语言的交流中扮演着至关重要的角色。

英汉翻译,作为其中最为常见和重要的分支之一,其技巧与方法对于提高翻译质量和效率具有深远的影响。

在英汉翻译实践中,词性转换是一种常见的翻译技巧,其运用得当与否直接影响到译文的质量。

本文旨在探讨英汉翻译中的词性转换现象,分析其必要性、常见类型及其在英语汉语言特点下的应用,以期为翻译实践提供有益的参考和指导。

本文将简要介绍英汉翻译中词性转换的必要性,阐述为何在翻译过程中需要进行词性转换,以及这种转换对于提高翻译质量的重要性。

本文将详细分析英汉翻译中常见的词性转换类型,包括名词与动词之间的转换、形容词与副词之间的转换等,并结合具体实例进行说明。

本文将探讨英汉翻译中词性转换的应用策略,结合英语和汉语的语言特点,分析如何在实际翻译中灵活运用词性转换技巧,以实现译文的准确、流畅和地道。

通过本文的阐述和分析,希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英汉翻译中的词性转换技巧,提高翻译实践中的应变能力和翻译质量,推动英汉翻译事业的不断发展和进步。

二、词性转换的基本概念词性转换,即在翻译过程中,将源语言中的某一词类转换为目标语言中的另一词类,而不改变其原意,是英汉翻译中一种常见的翻译技巧。

这种技巧的运用,旨在使译文更加地道、流畅,更符合目标语言的表达习惯。

在英汉翻译中,由于两种语言的语法结构和表达习惯存在差异,因此,翻译时常常需要进行词性转换。

例如,英语中的动词在汉语中可能需要转换为名词、形容词或副词;同样,汉语中的名词在英语中也可能需要转换为动词、形容词或副词。

这种转换并不是随意的,而是需要基于对源语言和目标语言的理解和掌握,以及对翻译原则的遵循。

词性转换的翻译技巧可以分为两类:一是完全转换,即源语言中的某一词类完全转换为目标语言中的另一词类;二是部分转换,即源语言中的某一词类在转换为目标语言时,仍然保留部分原词类的特性。

汉英翻译中的词类转换

汉英翻译中的词类转换

英语知识在‎汉英翻译中可进行‎各种词类的转换,‎例如:汉语动词转‎换成英语名词、形‎容词、介词;汉语‎形容词或副词转换‎成英语名词;汉语‎名词转换成英语动‎词等等。

其中,汉‎语动词转换成英语‎抽象名词尤为普遍‎。

高校常用的翻译‎教材,如张培基、‎吕瑞昌、冯庆华等‎编撰的翻译教材均‎将这种转换列在第‎一位。

请看以下各‎例:例1.‎中国政府承诺不‎对无核国家使用核‎武器。

如‎不注意词性转换,‎译文可能是:‎The Ch‎i nese go‎v ernment‎underta‎k es not ‎t o use (‎t hat it ‎w ill not‎use) nu‎c lear we‎a pons ag‎a inst no‎n-nuclea‎r countr‎i es.‎这种译文显得有些‎口语化,不够庄重‎。

不如改用抽象名‎词non-use‎:The‎Chinese‎governm‎e nt unde‎r takes n‎o n-use o‎f nuclea‎r weapon‎s agains‎t non-nu‎c lear co‎u ntries.‎例2.‎禁止任何叛国、分‎裂国家、煽动叛乱‎及窃取国家机密的‎行为。

译‎文一:To pr‎o hibit a‎n y act o‎f treaso‎n, acts ‎t o split‎the cou‎n try, in‎c ite reb‎e llion a‎n d steal‎secrets‎.译文二‎:To proh‎i bit any‎act of ‎t reason,‎secessi‎o n, sedi‎t ion and‎theft o‎f state ‎s ecrets.‎以上译文‎一使用spli‎t, inci‎t e, stea‎l等动词虽然语‎义正确,但似乎不‎够庄重。

译文二使‎用抽象名词,因而‎显得文字严谨,适‎合正式法律条文的‎风格。

英汉翻译中的词类互换

英汉翻译中的词类互换

I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教 得好。
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
(2)副词-->动词
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋。
2、其它词类互译
(1)形容词与副词的互相转译。 The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。
在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所 干的坏事。
The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.
下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。
(二)介词转译成动词
"Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2.含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体 中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

汉译英中词性的转译

汉译英中词性的转译

词性的转译:(汉译英)动词转译成名词、名词性从句、介词词组汉语动词(词组)转换为英语的介词词组(汉语连动句的存在,和英语多名词、介词的特点):宴请…to hold/give/host a banquet in honor of …根据你们的要求at your request应……的邀请at the invitation of sb.在……的陪同下in the company of代表on behalf of以……的名义in the name of …纪念in memory/commemoration of…;庆祝in celebration of; to celebrate他妹妹老是说谎。

His sister is a great liar.他统治那个地区长达20年之久。

He had been the ruler of that region for almost two decades/as long as twenty years.动词转为其同词源的名词环保事业加快发展。

(减译)The development of environmental protection sped up.坚持一个中国的原则,是实现和平统一的基础和前提。

Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.对于台湾同外国发展民间经济文化关系,我们不持异议。

We do not challenge the development of nongovernmental economic and cultural ties by Taiwan with other countries.这为东南亚各国保持经济持续增长,发展经济合作,创造了重要的前提条件。

This has provided an important prerequisite for the sustained economic growth of East Asian countries and the development of their economic cooperation.司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款The drivers will be fined by the police if they violate any traffic rules.(跟下句比较,主语的选择)Violation of any traffic rules will be fined by the police.中国人民,百年以来,不屈不挠,再接再厉地英勇斗争,使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国,也永远不能灭亡(subjugate)中国。

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧-PPT资料

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧-PPT资料

(3) Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路 上顺利舒适。(状语转换为谓语)
句子成分转换是指英语中的某一句子成分译成汉语时 转换成另一种句子成分。句子成分转换在主语、谓语、
宾语、定语、状语和补语之间展开。
(1) You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late. 在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那 些迟到的就是大人物。(主语转换为表语;谓语转换为主 语)
她到车站不一会儿,他便出现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的 声音。她凝视着前方,表情严峻。
(5) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.
(13) Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在 大气层中焚毁。
二、 句子成分转换
(9) He added: "I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision." 他还说:"我理解并尊重他们的看法,但我深信我的决定 是正确的。"

英汉互译第四讲

英汉互译第四讲




EXE: 切割金属时,可以看到光亮的表面,但是立刻 就变成了灰色。 When metals are cut, the shining surface is visible, but it turns grey almost immediately.







获悉贵国遭受地震,我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 委员会怀疑他的资格。 The committee was doubtful of his qualification. 我们绝不满足于现有的成就。 We are not content with our present achievements. 我们相信,在两市的共同努力下,我们两市的合作必定 进一步发展。 We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly relation and cooperation between us will develop further.

11他们在工作中非常注 意理论联系实际。 12 徐悲鸿画马,画得特 别好。



12 In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 13 Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good.

2 汉语动词转化为英语形容词: 汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词, 往往可以转换成英语形容词,通常多以“Be+ 形容词….”结构来表达。

常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

英语翻译词类转换:转译成名词(1)(一)形容词与副词的互相转译1.英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。

如:1)Occasionally a drizzle came down,and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。

2)It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

2.英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。

如:1)He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。

2)The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

3.由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同,还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。

如:1)This is sheer nonsense.(这完全是胡说。

)2)Buckley was in a clear minority.(巴克利显然属于少数。

)3)By dialing the right number,you may be able to select a play,golf lesson or lecture in physics,from a pretaped library in a remote city,for showing on your home screen.只要拨对了号码,你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课,或者一次物理学演讲。

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文:发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本,所以它 们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品,比如计算机、飞 机等等。
析: 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的, 另外,英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此,严格地说,是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩,使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文:他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区,此刻一片萧条景象。
析: 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”, 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

7
课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
8
课堂练习参考译文:
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院,但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
13
英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。

(汉英翻译 词类的转换

(汉英翻译  词类的转换

四、区分文体意义 1. 喜欢、青睐 1)她特别喜欢唱卡拉OK。 she is especially fond of singing through karaoke set. 2)以上事实说明中国出口商品越来越受到外国 顾客的青睐。 The above facts lead to the conclusion that Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favor among buyers abroad.
2. 询问、审问 1)昨天我打热线询问了一些关于如何购买、安 装使用数字传呼机的问题。 Yesterday I asked some questions through the hot line about buying, installing and using a digital B.P. 2)警察正在审问犯人。
二、翻译下列句子,注意同义词的处理。 1. 不等她说完,那个业主已是勃然大怒。 2. 现在本庭休庭。下次开庭时间是15点 3. 他们在美国大使馆前集会,反对美国对其商品进 行双重征税。 5. 欧共体正在召开部长级会议讨论如何对付世贸组 织中的技术性贸易壁垒问题。 三、翻译下列句子,注意划线部分词语。 1. 你真是不知好歹。 2. 万一她有个好歹,我怎么办? 3. 此事无足轻重。 4. 此人说话不知轻重。
四、汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词
1. 朱延年用热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。
Zhu Yannian covered up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality. 2.空气是这样的清香,使人胸脯感到分外凉爽、 舒畅。 The air was fresh and fragrant, it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧

In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重 要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理,这台机器便可以运转。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
Exercise
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合 作。 It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫 困。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式 等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉 时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文 通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧 就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转 换的形式多种多样,大体可分为7种: ①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表 达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序 转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换, ⑥主动式与ey had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. 在17年中,他们生了12个孩子,6男6女。 (5) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 (原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的,而译文是从 丈夫的角度加以陈述的。如果不改变表达方式, 而搬用原来的表达方式,那译文就是:"她只当了 6个月的寡妇。"这就会给人以错觉:她很快就改 嫁了。) (6) ──Is there a special rate by the month? ──Yes, there is a 10% discount. ──按月计算有什么优惠吗? ──有,可以打9折。

词类转换翻译

词类转换翻译

词类转换翻译由于英汉两种语言分属两个不同的语系,它们在语言的表达方式上各有各的特点。

尽管它们在词类划分上大致相同,但词类的使用频率在两种语言中却有所差异。

英语中频繁使用名词和介词,而汉语中却经常使用动词。

因而,在英汉互译中,经常要用到词类转换法,即根据上下文和译文的表达习惯,在不改变原文词义的前提下,将原文中某些词的词性在译文中作相应的变化,以便使译文读起来更加通顺。

1. 英语名词译为汉语动词1) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.2) Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.3) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.2. 英语形容词译为汉语动词1) They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.2) We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.3. 英语副词译为汉语动词1) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through.2) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.4. 英语介词译为汉语动词1) President Lincoln proposed to establish a government of the people,by the people, and for the people.2) A force is needed to move an object against inertia.5.英语动词译为汉语名词1)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.2)Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.3)The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.6. 英语形容词译为汉语名词1) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs.2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.7. 英语副词译为汉语名词1) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically.2) The paper said editorially that with unemployment high and the dollar low the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.3) All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.。

英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换

英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换

英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换第一篇:英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换第三单元词汇翻译第二节词类转换一、转译为动词1、带有动作意味的名词例1.Television is transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.例 2.The American people demanded his release.He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war.例3.The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing.例4.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.例5.We are enemies of all aggressive wars.例6.The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.2、表示动作的介词例1.A force is needed to move an object against inertia.例2.The letter I is commonly used for current, E for electromotive force, and R for resistance.例3.In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.3、动词衍生的形容词和表示感觉的形容词例1.Sugar and salt are both soluble in water.例2.The Republicans are out, the Democrats in.例3.They are not sure they can save his life.例4.She is familiar with English.二、转译为名词1、动词例1.Often property damage and disrupted lives result.例2.The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.例3.Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.例4.When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.2、形容词例1.They did their best to help the sick and the poor.例2.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.例3.The Wildefamily were religious.3、副词例1.He is physically weak but mentally sound.例2.They have not done so well ideologically, as organizationally.例3.Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.三、转译为形容词1、名词例1.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.例2.The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.例3.I am a perfect stranger to physics.2、副词例1.The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.四、转译为副词1、名词例1.When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.2、形容词例1.We took brief, restless naps.例2.I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.例3.This is sheer nonsense.例4.Buckley was in a clear minority.第二篇:浅析英译汉翻译中词类转换技巧浅析英译汉翻译中词类转换技巧【摘要】英语作为一门国际语言和交流工具,随着我国国力的增加,已经在沟通和交流文化及商业中起到了举足轻重的作用。

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧
man; and writing an exact man. ❖ 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 ❖ Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科 学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去,左思右想,想个不停。
8
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)(反译法) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)

英语翻译之词类转译法

英语翻译之词类转译法
establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
再如: Xu Beihong’s paintings of
horses are exceptionallyห้องสมุดไป่ตู้good.
原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译:
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
→转译成名词
1、英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名 词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找 到合适的动词,这时可以转译成名词。
例:The earth is shaped like a big ball. 地球的形状像个大球。
His speech impressed(使…印象深刻) the audience deeply. 他的演讲给听众的印象很深刻。
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语
英语
名 主语;宾语;定语; 主语;宾语;
词 状语;谓语
表语;定语
形 容 词
定语;表语;主语; 宾语; 状语;谓语
定语;表语; 宾补
动 词
谓语;主语;宾语; 定语;表语
谓语
例: 1)这是一个很清楚的问题。 2)这个问题一定要搞得清清楚楚 3)问题很清楚。
1) This is a clear question. 2) The problem is quite clear. 3) The problem must be made clear.
胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.

英汉互译——转换 (Shift of perspective)

英汉互译——转换 (Shift of perspective)
back of this. 两个世纪以前
38
I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨; low EQ(吃不开);low AQ(沉不住气)
39
There is always a place for you at your table.
请你随时来吃便饭。
40
四、正面表达与反面表达转换——正反译法
She will be back in the last ten days of
June.
六月下旬
36
During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年轻时
His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲
A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
行为不检点的人,日后往往要后悔。
45
The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.
51
五、被动语态与主动语态转换(转态译法)
43
The coffee is too sweet to bear. 咖啡甜得让人受不了。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
你想知道她为什么不想见到你?
44
Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿意见到她那张面无表情的脸。
21
7) under 客观的具有; under the policy under the assumption

英汉翻译中的词类转换

英汉翻译中的词类转换
We should take full advantage of this opportunity to push the sales of our products. 我们应当充分利用此机会进行产品促销。
On weekends, they usually give the classroom a thorough cleaning. 他们通常在周末把教室彻底地打扫一番。
切坏事的化身。
转换成名词的情况——形容词转换成名词
1)英语中,当形容词前加上定冠词the 时,常 转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wound. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
The rich or the poor, all share the equal rights of receiving higher education. 不论是富人还是换成名形容词
2)英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副 词可译作形容词。
The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
转换成形容词的情况—副词和名词的相互转换
了他们的一些好感。
other forms
其它词类的转换——形容词和副词的相互转换
由于英语的名词或动词可以分别转换为汉 语的动词和名词,而修饰名词的形容词和修饰 动词的副词也可以随之转换为汉语的副词和形 容词。
转换成形容词的情况——副词转换成名形容词
1)英语名词译作汉语动词时, 修饰该名词的形 容词可译作汉语副词。
英语中的很多介词有很强的动作感。 虽然理论上属于虚词,但在实践中常 常可以表示动作行为的进展状态和程 度,发挥动词的作用。

翻译技巧-词类转换

翻译技巧-词类转换

四:副词转换成动词
英语中一些副词,如apart,behind,in off等,在句 中做表语或宾语补足语时,经常可转译成动词
副词转译为动词
example: The revised edition of that encyclopedia will be out pretty soon.
译:那部百科全书的修订版很快就会面世了 out:副词,意为“出现,在室外”,此处转译为动词,译为 “面世,出版”
3.由动词加后缀-er或-or构成的名词转译成动词
example: Her lovely daughter is born a good singer.
译:他可爱的女儿天生歌唱得好 singer:由动词sing加后缀-er构成名词“歌手”,此处译 为动词,译为“唱歌”。
4.在习语化短语动词中作中心词的名词往往转译为动词
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3.表示某种心理状态的形容词转译成动词
example: The students are afraid that this chemical reaction will take place with great violence.
译:学生们担心这个化学反应会以很强烈的方式发生 afraid:形容词,意为“害怕的”,表示心理状态,此处转译 为动词,译为“害怕,担心”
英语中许多含有动作意义的名词和由动词派生的名词 以及其他一些名词经常可转译成汉语的动词
1.具有动作含义的名词转译成动词
example: The tests indicate that a countercurrent flow of gases and solids is necessary in the reactor
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3. 转译成形容词







3.1 形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。 The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful. 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。 He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts. 他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很 大的怀疑。
1.1 名词转译成动词


1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比 较多。 The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exist. 1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉 伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2.3 形容词转译成名词



1)英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译 时常译成名词。如: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。 2)此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如: Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
1.2 介词转译成动词




“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越 过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉 台,进了门廊。 I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and out over the sea.
4. 其他词类转译



4.1 形容词与副词的互相转译 1)英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形 容词往往转译成汉语副词。 Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero. 偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不 时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。 It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a ChineseAmerican dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望 开始中美对话的原因。
1. 转译成动词




英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这 是一个特点,往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词, 而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如: He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。 汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。因此, 英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副 词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。




Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但 是我必须小心谨慎。
2.2 有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成“受(遭) 到……+名词”、“予(加)以+名词”这类结构。



Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. 由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响, 卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。 The company impressed itself greatly upon the mind of customers. 公司在顾客脑海中留下了不可磨灭的印象。
2.

转译成名词




2.1 英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用 的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时 可将其转译成汉语名词。 1)名词派生的动词 Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。 To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。 2)名词转用的动词 Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions. 美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命 后,在大气层中焚毁。
3.2 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转 译成形容词。




The blockade was a success. 封锁很成功。 As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市是完全陌生的,所以我希望你能 给他必要的帮助。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。




He turned talkative at the mention of tea. 一提到茶,他的话就多起来。 She jumped up for joy at the news of her husband’s return.
听到丈夫要回来这个好消息,她高兴地跳了起 来。 Admission to the university is by examination and selection. 进大学要考试,择优录取。
英汉互译中的词类转换

由于汉语国家和英语国家在历史、文化、 风俗习惯等各方面的不同,在语言上形 成了很大差异。有时候一句英文在英美 人看来顺理成章,但在中国人看来却是 颠三倒四,极为别扭。很多时候,需要 我们对语言中的词类进行转换,然后再 翻译,方可使译文显得通顺、自然。
Nominalization in English and Verbalization in Chinese
2)含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多) 往往可以转译成动词。

The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令 我特别神往。 A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑 和林肯纪念馆的全景。
我笔直向前高速飞行,越过港口,飞临海面。
1.3 形容词转译成动词

英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容 词,在系动词后作表语用时,往往可转译成动词。 如:confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious 等。

3)英语中有些加后缀-er的名词,有时可转换为其 对应的名词。



如teacher教师,thinker思想家等等,有时在句中并不指其 身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味,在汉语中没有恰 当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。 I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my brother is a better teacher than I. 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。 Sea gulls are good flyers. 海鸥很善于飞行。 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings. 在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
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