现在完成时(1)
现在完成时使用例句
【导语】以下是整理的《现在完成时使⽤例句》，⼀起来看看吧！1、现在完成时（⼀）肯定式主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它（⼆）否定式主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它（三）⼀般疑问式助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？2、现在完成时的使⽤例句。
（⼀）肯定式1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的⽣词。
(表⽰不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。
（表⽰到⽬前为⽌还没有找到）(如果⽤过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这⼀动作，⽽不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。
（表明现在教室是⼲净的）（⼆）否定式1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。
2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐⽕车旅⾏过。
3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国⼈说过话。
注：有时not可以⽤never代替，表⽰“从来没有”的意思。
⼜如：4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。
（三）⼀般疑问式1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺⼦吗？—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。
2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？—No，never．不，从来没有。
3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。
现在完成时练习题及答案(老师专用) (1)
现在完成时讲解一．现在完成时结构：S（主语）+ have/has(单三人称用has)+p.p.(过去分词)+时间状语（for+时间段/ since +时间点/since+从句---用过去时）1.他已经到达了北京。
2.他还没有到达北京。
3.他到达北京了么？4.是的，他到了。
/不，他还没到。
二．P.P.过去分词 1.规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词大部分一致，少数要求一一记忆（在过去式记忆清楚的基础上）。
写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词watch live changestudy carrystaycry prefer dropAAA cut puthit AAB beatABC fly begin writeABB buy lose dream二．现在完成时的标志already（已经），yet(只用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用在否定句中翻译成“还没”，用在疑问句中翻译成“已经”), just(刚刚), ever(曾经),never(绝不，从不),before(之前),so far(到目前为止),since(自...以来), for+时间段1.我已经刷过牙了。
2.我还没吃早饭。
3.我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。
4.到目前为止我已经学习2000个单词。
5.我之前从没去过北京。
三．for/since①since: (自…以来)1)since+时间点1.自从下午5点以来，他就一直呆在这里。
2)since+ 时间段+ ago2.从五个小时以前他就一直呆在这里。
3)since+ 从句（从句用过去时）3.她在这教英语自从她来到这里。
②for+时间段1.）他已经学了五年的英语了。
③对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long, 决不能用when.1).I have lived here for six years.(划线提问)2).He has been in China since he came.（划线提问）四．瞬间动词和延续性动词的转化瞬间动词，也叫终止性动词、点动词、非延续性动词、短暂性动词。
现在完成时1
初三英语专项复习（一）现在完成时一、现在完成时的定义：（1）（标志词有：、、、、、其中表示否定的有、（置于于句末）。
（2）可以和表示从过去某时刻开始延续到现在的时间状语连用，常用的词有+ 时间；+ 时间（词组/句子）；（迄今为止）；（从那以后）；before. 在这种用法中需要强调的是动词必须是动词。
背过下面短暂性动词转换成延续性动词：（1）用含有相同意义的近（同）义词（组）替换如：borrow→keep;become/come→be;catch a cold/cough/fever→have a cold/cough/fever;get/begin to know→know;go/get to sleep→sleep;buy→have;put on →wear (2)用表示延续状态的系表结构“be+形容词（介词短语/副词/名词）表示，如：arrive in(at)/get to /reach→be in/at;come (to ) →be in/at;fall ill(sick)/asleep→be ill(sick)/asleep;jion→be in the…/be a…member;die→be dead;close→be closed;lose→be lost;go(come) out→be out;leave→be away;get up→be up;open→be open;begin/start→be on;end/finish→be over（3）用句型“It has been/It’s +时间段+since从句”或“时间段+has passed +since从句”注意since 后面的从句用一般过去时。
二、在完成时的句式构成（必须理解、记住）肯定形式：主语+ / +否定行式：主语+ / / +一般疑问形式：/ +主语+ ？三、动词过去分词的变化同于过去式的变化，分规则变化（变化规则：1.直接在后面加—ed：2.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个字母再加—ed；3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y边i，再加—ed.）和不规则变化（课本255—257页，必须背过,可以分类去记忆：1.AAA型；2.AAB型；3.ABB型；4.ABA型；5.ABC型）四、现在完成时与一般过去时的异同相同之处：动作都发生在过去不同之处：（1）一般过去时只强调在过去发生某一个动作；现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作与现在的关系（对现在的影响或结果；过去发生的动作持续到现在）（2）一般过去时常与具体的过去时间“合作”（yesterday,last week,three days ago,in 1988,just now,when he was young.）。
现在完成时讲解(1)
现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。
现在完成时-1
8. eat – ate – eaten 9. be-was, were-been 10. go-went-gone 11. give – gave – given 12. go – went – gone 13. take-took-taken 14. send-sent-sent 15. find-found-found 16. have-had-had 17. make-made-made
• • • • • • • • • • 原形+ed。 eg.work—worked—worked; visit—visited—visted 字尾为e时，只需加-d。 eg. like—liked—liked; live—lived—lived 字尾为“元音字母+y”，保留y，直接加ed。 eg. play—played—played; stay—stayed—stayed 字尾为“辅音字母+y”时，将y改为i，再加ed。 eg. study—studied—studied; cry—cried—cried 字尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，将最后的 辅音字母重复后再加ed， eg. stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped
Dear David, I am having a wonderful in China. I’ve done so many things! • I’ve been to Beijing. ___________________________________________ • I’ve seen Beijing Opera. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ • I’ve taken photos of stone animals. ___________________________________________ • I’ve eaten roast duck. ___________________________________________ • I’ve visited the Palace Museum. There’s only one thing I haven’t done yet: I ________ ___________________________________________ I haven’t climbed the Great Wall. Bye for now, Rob
现在完成时学案-(1)
现在完成时学案（1）Conversation :A: Hi, Sam . We’re having lunch. Do you want to have lunch with us?B: No, thank you, Tom. I have already had lunch. I had lunch at half past twelve.我已经吃过饭了。
A：When are you going to have a holiday, Sam?B: I don’t know. I have already had my holiday this year.今年我已经度过假了)A: Have you ever been to Shanghai ?B: Yes , I have been to Shanghai.现在完成时主要用于以下两种情况：（1）表示一个动作发生在过去并与现在有某种联系。
（2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。
以上4句就属于第_________种情况。
学过的句型 1. Have you( ever) been to …?你(曾经)去过…吗？Yes, I have . I have ( ever ) been to …No, I haven’t . I have never been to …(haven’t = have not )2. Has she /he ever been to …?她/ 他曾经去过…吗？Yes，she / he has. She / He has ( ever) been to …No, she / he hasn’t. She / He has never been to…(hasn’t = has +not)3. Have you( ever) heard of …? 你(曾经)听说过…吗？Has she / he (ever) heard of …? 她/ 他(曾经)听说过…吗？替换词：him , her , Mr Smith , that new movie , the man named TomPatterns I. 1. Have you had ….? 你已经吃、喝……了吗？Yes , I have . I have already had …No, I haven’t. I haven’t had…替换词：fruit bananas oranges apples vegetables beanslettuce meat coffee chicken milk tea2. Has she / he had…? 他/ 她已经吃、喝……了吗？Yes, she / he has. She / He has already had….No, she / he hasn’t. She / He hasn’t had…Written exercises 书面练习A:模仿例句写出对应的回答，选用some 或one。
现在完成时用法精讲精练(1)
现在完成时用法精讲精练现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never (“从不” 用于中间处)ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.I.用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”2现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去Since 和for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。
现在完成时(1)
现在完成时（1）现在完成时表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响，也可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。
谓语部分由“have / has+动词的过去分词”构成(第三人称单数形式用has, 其他人称用have)。
一、现在完成时的句式1. 肯定句式：主语+have / has+动词的过去分词+其他.如：They have finished the work.He has watched the movie.2. 否定句式：主语+have / has+not+动词的过去分词+其他. (have not 和has not 可分别缩写为haven't和hasn't) 如：They haven't finished the work.He hasn't watched the movie.3. 一般疑问句式：Have / Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have / has.否定回答：No, 主语+haven't / hasn't. 如：—Have they finished the work?—Yes, they have. / No, they haven't.—Has he watched the movie?—Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.二、动词过去分词的变化规律规则动词过去分词的变化规律与规则动词过去式的变化规律相同。
1. 一般动词词尾加-ed。
如：play→played→played2. 以“不发音的字母e”结尾的动词后加-d。
如：move→moved→moved3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed。
如：try→tried→tried4. 以“元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。
如：stop→stopped→stopped注：不规则动词的过去分词的变化需特别记忆。
现在完成时讲解课件[1]
![现在完成时讲解课件[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b50b30a4a7302768e9939ab.png)
has been on The meeting _________________ for two minutes.
4.We borrowed two books last week.
have kept We _______________ the two books for a week.
3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个 辅音字母的 双写辅音字母＋ed. 如： plan, stop,drop,fit(适合), prefer(更喜 欢), travel ４。以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i ＋ed try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry,copy
come/arrive → borrs lived in Shanghai for 20 years. （可能现在还住上海，也可能刚 刚搬走）
I studied English three years ago. 我三年前学过英语（三年前的动作与现 在无关） I have studied English for three years.(从三年前开始学，直到现在，可 能以后还会学） I had my lunch(午饭已吃过，说明一种 事实) I have had my lunch.(过去某时吃的， 但现在不饿，不用在吃）
Has 6.---- _______her sister _______ been (be) to Nanning? has never been ----No,she_________ ( never,be) there before.
→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?
现在完成时1讲解课件
4.We have known each other before.
上一页
主菜单
下一页
现在完成时的构成
have/has + 过去分词
注： have/has 是助动词
上一页 主菜单
下一页
现在完成时的时间状语
1 already已经 3 just刚刚 注： already 常用于肯定句中. yet 常用于否定句,疑问句尾. 2 before以前
上一页 主菜单
Have We begun our class yet?
下一页
现在完成时的主要用法
1. I have just closed the door. The door isn’t open now. 2. He has already had breakfast. He isn’t hungry now.
carried worried tried cried
like live
liked lived
不规则动词的过去分词
（一）ABC 型: eat ate eaten see saw seen win won won （二） ABB型: build built built （三）AAB型: beat beat beaten （四）ABA型: become became become （五）AAA型: put put put read read read
4.We have known each other before.
We haven’t known each other before.
上一页 主菜单
We haven’t begun our class yet.
下一页
变成一般疑问句
现在完成时1
Present perfect tense
➢现在完成时的构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 eg .I have taught English in this school since 1999.
(规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)
Answer the questions with the words given.
Example:
A: Would you like something to eat? B: No, I’ve just had lunch. (just / have)
4. A: Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? B: No, she ___h_a_s__a_lr_e_a_d_y__s_e_e_n___ the film (already / see).
Example:
A: Would you like something to eat? B: No, I’ve just had lunch. (just / have)
1. A: Do you know where Julia is? B: Yes, I ____h_a_v_e__ju_s_t__m_e_t_____ her (just / meet).
⑵ for+一段时间（数词+量词），（for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语 为时间段）。此划线部分用how long提问。
We have known each other for twenty years. I haven’t seen her for a long time.
现在完成时被动语态(1)
B．have been shown
C．were shown
D．will be shown
解析： 考查时态及语态。由时间状语till now “直 到现在”可知用现在完成时，又因film与show之间是 被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案： B
4．Every possible means________to save the
答案： has been translated
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?
—It should be 302.But I hear that it________till
tomorrow.
A．was put off
B．will put off
点津：这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具 有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。
(2010·福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers
arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs
they________before leaving their hometowns.
A．had changed
B．will change
C．was changed
D．has been changed
解析： 考查动词时态、语态。句意为：尽管我们不 知道讨论的内容，但我们能感觉到讨论的话题变了。 根据题意，句子应用被动结构，排除A项和B项，又根 据时态一致，排除C项。
答案： D
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
7．Since the cause of this disease________ ________ ________(discover)，now we need to develop the
现在完成时讲解(1)
-----现在完成时态
时态
不同时间发生的动作，动词要用不 同形式
已学习过的时态
名称 时间 一般现在时 平时，经常
现在进行时 正在进行
动词形式
1.动原 2. 三单 am/is/are+v-ing
一般将来时 即将，计划 1.will/shall+v 原形 1.will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are 原形 2.am/is/are going goingto to+v +动原
1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。
She has been a nurse for three years. 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。 I have known Lilei since five years ago.
3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）
I have already posted the photos to him.
4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。 He has taught me since I came to the school.
5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。 I have just lost my history book.
区分瞬间动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时 的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短 语或how long问句
ago.
come/arrive
go out
be at/in …
be out be away (from) be on have keep be a member of be dead have a cold
leave
begin
buy
现在完成时态(1)
改为：The work has been
over for 3 days
⑦join
例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I have been a
soldier for 3 years. ⑧buy /catch → have
10. My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai. 11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet. 12. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away. 13. I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now. 14. I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before. 15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _______________(be) a party member for 10
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here 例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been here for 3
years. ②leave/go →be away
例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）
现在完成时(一)
• 1）I have met him before. 改为否定句 • 2）They have bought a new computer.改为一般
疑问句并做肯定回答
• 3）He has lost his bike.划线提问 • 4）Mary has come back from school. 改为一般
live→lived→lived
3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾，将“y”变 “i”，再加 “-ed”。 如：cry→cried→cried
4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双 写词尾，再加“-ed”。 如：stop→stopped→stopped
• 但是不规则动词的变化形式没有规律，需 要记忆。课本126-129页
• 例如： see-saw-seen;
• eat-ate-eaten;
• break-broke-broken
ABC
• go-went-gone;
• take-took-taken
• send-sent-sent;
• find-found-found ABB
• make-made-made;
• practise
A: Have you….? B: Yes, I have. / No,
I haven’t.
A: Has he/ she…? B: Yes, he/she has.
A: Have you….? B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
brush your teeth brushed your teeth
Have you ever travelled by train?
新概念英语第一册Lesson85-86
Ken: Paris is a beautiful city. George: I’ve never been there. Have you ever been there,Ken? Ken: Yes, I have. I was there in April.
George: Paris in the spring,eh? Ken: It was spring, but the weather was awful. It rained all the time. George: Just like Lodon!
George: What’s on? Ken: ‘Paris in the spring’. George: Oh, I’ve already seen it. I saw it on television last year. It’s an old film, but it’s very good.
• What's the name of the film? • Paris in the spring. • When did Ken visit Paris? • In spring/April.
Note on the text
1.Have you just been to the cinema? 你刚去过电影院吗？
(Triumphal Arch [trai'Λmfel a:k]) 巴黎凯旋门
凯旋门坐落在巴黎西北 面的戴高乐广场,12条大街以 它为中心放射形散开,因此, 戴高乐广场也称星际广场。 凯旋门的建造,始于古罗马。 1806年2月22日,拿破仑一世 在欧斯代尔利茨战役中打败 了奥俄联军,凯旋回国,经过 星际广场,在国民的欢呼声中, 从而得名。
六年级上册英语课件现在完成时1牛津上海版(一起)(共17张PPT).doc
六年级上册英语课件现在完成时1牛津上海版（一起）(共17张PPT)现在完成时概念用法构成 1. 表影响 2. 表继续 3. 表经验现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响戒有无某方面的经历 have/has + 动词过去分词过去分词的构成 1 2 3 4 ①一般情况词尾+ed walkwalked ②以不发音字母e结尾词尾+d hopehoped ③以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarrycarried ④以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾+ed planplanned现在完成时的用法表影响和already, yet, just等连用表继续与in thelast (past), since, for a long time 等连用表经验常和never, ever, once,three times, before, ever since, recently等连用 1) I have already postedthe photos. 我已经把照片寄了。
（照片不在我这里了） 2) ---have you hadyour lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？ ---Yes, I have just had it. 是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。
（现在不饿了）. 1)They have lived here since 1989. 自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。
2) She has been there for over two years.她在那里两年多了。
. 1) I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。
2) He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及3次了。
1. We ___ a new school in my hometown recently (最近). A. buildB. have builtC. builtD. will build 2.----Didyour brother go to America last year? ---- ________. A.No, he did nevergo there B. No, he has never gone there C. No, henever was there D. No, he's never been there 3_____ the Great Wall? A. Have you ever gone to B.Are you ever going to C. Do you ever go to D.Have you ever been to 4.I___ the book yet. A. haven't read B.hadn't read C. don't read D. am not reading 5 Theyleft for Beijing last month and we ___ them ever since. A. don't hearfrom B. haven't heard from C. won't hear from D. didn'thear fromA B 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别强调点不同 A 时间状语不同 B 1) A: Haveyou seen the film? B: Did you see the film? A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B句强调的是这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
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become---be fall asleep----be asleep
borrow---keep begin/start-----be on
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join ---be in /be a member of
• (2).一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实, 和现在不发生关系.
•常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open die------be dead
buy-----have
close----be closed
leave-----be away (from)
现在完成时 ( Revision)
have/has + 动词的过去分词
1.定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，
并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。
(1).表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影 响或结果,常与一些时间状语连用．
•如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包 括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.
It has been two years since Jim bought thispen.
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
1、 李雷自从2003年就参军了。 Li Lei has been a soldier since 2003.
2、那部电影开始20分钟了。 The film has been on for twenty minutes. 3、那个老人已经死了五年了。 The old man has been dead for five years.
1.Where is Jim?Байду номын сангаасHe has gone to Wuhan.
2. My parents have been tothe Great Wall twice. They like there very much.
3. Have you ever been to to the Happy valley? 4. How long has Peter been in the West Hill farm? 5. My sister has gone to the shop. She will be back
4、他六年前就离开家了。 He has been away from home for six years.
• 5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
• (1).现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动 作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不 可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连 用.
•(2).表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直 持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从 过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连 用
•即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.
2.already ---------- yet 已经
eg. 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy----have
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2004.
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一 种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词, 瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再 延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状 语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的 特殊疑问句中。
3. have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in
“去过某地”.表示某人的一种 经 历,once,twice,already,ever,never 等连用. •“去了某地”．说话时某人 已离开此地,在去某地的途中 或已在某地．
•逗留在某地(已经一段时 间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用.
•初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持 续时, 可用以下方法:用for+时间段,或since+时间点/从 句．It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已 有一段时间了.
用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句
She has not seen this film . She has seen this film.
I have
combed my hair.
Have you combed your hair ?
He has watched a video. He has not watched a video .
in two hours. 6. She has gone to Shanghai. She isn’t here. 7. She has been to Shanghai. She is here. 8. She has been in Shanghai for two years
4. 现在完成时中延续性动词 和终止性动词