专业英语论文写作.ppt
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英语论文写作.ppt
• As is well known, AIDS, one of the most dangerous epidemics, has been spreading and menacing people’s health and lives throughout the world. To this day, about 20 million people have already died of AIDS, 42 million have been infected with HIV, and millions more are infected every year. However, for many people only twenty types (classes) of clinical drugs are available. Moreover, though these drugs can inhibit the copy of HIV, there remains the problem of drug resistance, a key cause of failure for the treatment of HIV infection. Therefore, development of new drugs with new structures and new anti-HIV mechanisms has become a hot research topic (field) supported by many governme only have twenty kinds of clinical drugs to use. Though these drugs can inhibit the copy of HIV virus, drug resistance is a key cause of failure for treatment of HIV infection. • However, for many people only twenty types (classes) of clinical drugs are available. Moreover, though these drugs can inhibit the copy of HIV, there remains the problem of drug resistance, a key cause of failure for the treatment of HIV infection.
英文科技论文写作PPT课件(英文)-106页PPT资料
9
We-sentences appear in many leading journals
In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We
provide evidence that … (Science)
The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we17源自Ⅲ. It-sentence
“It-sentences” are often used in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.
1. History
1) It has begun publication since 1990(semiannual publication)
2) It has become a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 2019
3) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2019(attracting foreign authors)
We-sentences appear in many leading journals
In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We
provide evidence that … (Science)
The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we17源自Ⅲ. It-sentence
“It-sentences” are often used in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.
1. History
1) It has begun publication since 1990(semiannual publication)
2) It has become a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 2019
3) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2019(attracting foreign authors)
英语议论文写作课件
out.
Appreciation and imitation
1.There is no denying that education is benIt is universally acknowledged that education is very important to us.
The outline of the writing:
Introduction paragraph: …
Body
Point 1… Point 2…
supporting idea 1 supporting idea 2 supporting idea 1
supporting idea 2
Conclusion paragraph: …
Sentence pattern:
However, others prefer to…
Some others have just the opposite opinion…..
On the other hand…. Eg: On the other hand, about 45% students
are against the idea.
Reason 1: 高考临近, 没有心情玩
Sentence pattern:
They say/believe/hold the opinion… that….
Eg: They say that with college entrance examination drawing near, they don’t feel like going anywhere.
How to avoid Chinglish
1.In the football match, our class won Class 4. 2.When you come, give me a telephone. 3.I am very miss you. 4.I have 180cm tall and my body is very good. 5.Outside is very cold.You had better not go
Appreciation and imitation
1.There is no denying that education is benIt is universally acknowledged that education is very important to us.
The outline of the writing:
Introduction paragraph: …
Body
Point 1… Point 2…
supporting idea 1 supporting idea 2 supporting idea 1
supporting idea 2
Conclusion paragraph: …
Sentence pattern:
However, others prefer to…
Some others have just the opposite opinion…..
On the other hand…. Eg: On the other hand, about 45% students
are against the idea.
Reason 1: 高考临近, 没有心情玩
Sentence pattern:
They say/believe/hold the opinion… that….
Eg: They say that with college entrance examination drawing near, they don’t feel like going anywhere.
How to avoid Chinglish
1.In the football match, our class won Class 4. 2.When you come, give me a telephone. 3.I am very miss you. 4.I have 180cm tall and my body is very good. 5.Outside is very cold.You had better not go
英文学术论文写作方法 ppt课件
Genre：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归 类划分的行为。
Swales (1990)： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes.
Bhatia(1993)：A recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes identified and mutually understood by the members of the professional academic community in which it regularly occurs. Most often it is highly structured and conventionalized.
名词化不但增加了词汇密度，而且使得新信息变成旧信息， 更使得更新的信息被介绍进来。层层深入，直达核心，越 来越具体，象剥洋葱。
P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节（例如在文献回顾、讨论部分），
要提到某个研究者，并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或 理论主张，或下的定义，或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky 的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92，第 8段第4行、第15段第3行 ），当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者，而是注释一下，例如放 在句末括号里，或标注（P15第1段第3、5、7行），当作 者不重要时 。 施事，agent：指做某件事的人，与受事recipient对应。被 动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者，例如：As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就 是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性，probability: 数学概念，指某种情况的发生 概率不是100%，而是处于0-1之间(若为no，则是0，若为yes，则是1， 处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现 在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼，文中用了“比较普 遍”，“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always， maybe,
《英语专业毕业论文写作》PPT课件
2021/3/9
授课：XXX
10
论文中的引文信度：时效、数据
National Crime Victimization Survey data (?) show that both crimes aimed at property and crimes against persons decline. And in 1998 the FBI data showed that the murder rate was the lowest in the past 30 years.
They would like to marry a man for live without any passion. Their marriages are unhappy. They are looked down by their husbands and submitted to them without respect.
Sometimes one officer has been her favorite and sometimes another. On the other hand, Wickham did not really love her and had no intention to marry her.
The youngest daughter Lydia eloped with Wickham was come as a surprise to us in the story. As Mrs. Bennet's favorite daughter, Lydia was empty-headed, idle and enjoyed searching of the officers in Merydon. Wickham is one of them. She cannot resist his sweet words and go off with him.
英语学术论文写作引言ppt
e.g.1：
This paper is organized as follows.
e.g.2：
In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission……
Present Perfect Tense
When describing recent advances in a certain research field, or aiming to emphasize the impact of something happening recently on the present, you are suggested to use present perfect tense.
How to Write the Introduction
Group Members:
目录
➢ 1、引言及其作用 ➢ 2、如何写引言 ➢ 3、引言部分的语言特征 ➢ 4、总结
1.引言及其作用
➢ 1.1 什么是引言 ➢ 1.2 为什么要写引言 ➢ 1.3 引言的作用 ➢ 1.4 何时写引言
What is Introduction?
The function of Introduction
To answer the basic questions
What
Why
How
What is the subject about ?
Why I (we) carried out the experiment, that is to say, what is the problem?
e.g.1： In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission, and we
This paper is organized as follows.
e.g.2：
In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission……
Present Perfect Tense
When describing recent advances in a certain research field, or aiming to emphasize the impact of something happening recently on the present, you are suggested to use present perfect tense.
How to Write the Introduction
Group Members:
目录
➢ 1、引言及其作用 ➢ 2、如何写引言 ➢ 3、引言部分的语言特征 ➢ 4、总结
1.引言及其作用
➢ 1.1 什么是引言 ➢ 1.2 为什么要写引言 ➢ 1.3 引言的作用 ➢ 1.4 何时写引言
What is Introduction?
The function of Introduction
To answer the basic questions
What
Why
How
What is the subject about ?
Why I (we) carried out the experiment, that is to say, what is the problem?
e.g.1： In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission, and we
《研究生专业英语》PPT课件
e and affiliation Abstract Key words Text body Acknowledgements (可省） References Appendix (根据需要） Resume (视刊物而定）
论文正文构成
1. 引言/概述 2. 背景分析 3. 材料和实验 4. 实验结果 5. 讨论 6. 结论/总结
2、阐明论文写作目的
The purpose of this study is to explore a new method… The paper attempts to analyze … in terms of … The study is aimed at finding out the similarities … The main objective of this investigation is … Based on our research, we intent to find out …
2. H. Weman, B. Monemar, G.S. Oehrlein, S.J. Jeng, Phys. Rev. B 42 (1990) 3109.
3. Lee SK and Stebbin J, Structure of silicate glasses and melts at high pressure: quantum chemical calculations and solid-state NMR, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108: 5889-5900.
研究生专业英语
英文科技论文写作程序
1. 选择论题 2. 确立论点 3. 搜集材料 4. 拟定提纲 5. 写作与修改初稿（反复多次进行） 6. 注明参考文献 7. 撰写摘要 8. 打印校对
论文正文构成
1. 引言/概述 2. 背景分析 3. 材料和实验 4. 实验结果 5. 讨论 6. 结论/总结
2、阐明论文写作目的
The purpose of this study is to explore a new method… The paper attempts to analyze … in terms of … The study is aimed at finding out the similarities … The main objective of this investigation is … Based on our research, we intent to find out …
2. H. Weman, B. Monemar, G.S. Oehrlein, S.J. Jeng, Phys. Rev. B 42 (1990) 3109.
3. Lee SK and Stebbin J, Structure of silicate glasses and melts at high pressure: quantum chemical calculations and solid-state NMR, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108: 5889-5900.
研究生专业英语
英文科技论文写作程序
1. 选择论题 2. 确立论点 3. 搜集材料 4. 拟定提纲 5. 写作与修改初稿（反复多次进行） 6. 注明参考文献 7. 撰写摘要 8. 打印校对
学术英语写作English Academic WritingPPT课件
2021/3/25
授课：XXX
4
For Academic Writing:
--- It is based on extensive research of proved facts and authoritative testimony.
first-hand experiments
field research
--- Value Principle
--- Scientific Principle
--- Innovative Principle
--- Feasibility Principle
2.2 Methods for Choosing a Title
--- Consult your professor or an expert
The role of women in today’s society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women’s movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
英语专业论文写作ppt课件
• Outline
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
7
常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
7
常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
英语议论文写作PPT课件
CHENLI
4
Supporting Paragraphs (Body) Paragraphs
TS
Firstly, ... Secondly, ...
SS Moreover, ...
SS Finally, . . .
SS
However, ... In addition, …
SS
Furthermore, ...
CHENLI
8
Topic sentence:________________
Wherever you go in our school, you see
green lawns and trees and beautiful
flowers. Dotted among these trees and
flowers are many buildings of different
正确使用有关连接词
时间先后： first, then, later, in the end, eventually,
since then, after a while
转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, nevertheless 因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to, owing to, as
CHENLI
19
（三） 适当利用短语取代单词
总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，
因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例
•
如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea.
• (换作短语：Suddenly I me up with a good
idea.)
英语专业写作课件ppt
Variety in presence length and structure
Use short, medium, and long senses to create interest and momentum in your writing
Introduction, body, and conclusion
02
Plot
Setting : Describe the setting vividly, painting a mental picture for the reader
01
Poetry writing
02
Meter : Use rhyme, rhyme, and meter effectively
CHAPTER
02
Advanced English Writing
01
02
03
Results
Presents the findings and analysis
Conclusion
Wraps up the paper, summarizing the main points and implications
CHAPTER
01
Fundamentals of English Writing
Correct usage of articles
Distinguish between "a," "an," and "the" and use them appropriately in your writing
+Reorganize attention: Ensure attention flow logically and are not jumbled or out of order
英语议论文写作课件课件(共15张)
阐述作者的观点：
As far as I’m concerned, … I hold the view that …
写作框架
1.点明主题+ 过渡句
2.详细对比--介绍正方观点+进一步介绍正方
观点；介绍反方观点+进一步介绍反方观点
3.阐述作者的观点
Pattern
There is a discussion about/on ______.
Should students make friends on line ?
Some people are for it .The internet helps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their ideas, and even get help with their foreign language studies . H__o_w_e_v_e_r__， others are against it .They say making friends on line is a waste of time ,which will have a bad influence on study. _B_e_s_id_e_s_ ,some students get cheated on line.
转折 though/although/but/ however/despite/…
对比类 on the contrary/on the other hand
递进强调 besides/what’s more/
in addition/to make matters worse/what’s worse…
英语议论文写作指导(共26张PPT)
Use proper grammar and Ensurpe uthnatcytouurasetnitoennces
are grammatically correct and use appropriate punctuation marks to clarify your meaning.
How to maintain clear and concise language
Use persuasive phrases
Use phrases that are designed to persuade your reader. For example, you can use phrases like "it is evident that," "it is clear that," or "there is no doubt that" to strengthen your argument.
定义
Argumentative essay，又称议论性文章，是一种阐述观点、论证论题的写作形式。 其主要目的是通过逻辑推理和事实证据来支持或反驳某一观点，从而说服读者。
重要性
Argumentative essays在学术和日常生活中都非常重要。在学术领域，它们是 评估学生批判性思维和表达能力的重要方式。在日常生活中，良好的议论文写作 能力有助于我们清晰地表达观点，说服他人，以及解决问题。
supporting your overall argument.
03
The arguments of argumentative essays
How to use facts and data as evidence
英语学位论文写作PPTCHAPTER1
1.2 Thesis, dissertation, paper
How to write a dissertation in English
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
在写硕士论文”. On the other hand, He is writing a paper. can be generally understood as “他正在写论文”, and this is not to be interpreted as “他正在写博士论文” or “他正在 写硕士论文” or “他正在写本科论文”.
If your main task is to summarize existing studies in the field, you are simply expected to present to the reader what you have read, how much you have understood, and the way you have organized all the information that you have reviewed. You are not expected to critically evaluate these previous studies. However, if you are expected to evaluate the research information, you must show your ability not just in understanding the information but also in commenting on other people’s work in a scholarly way. You have to consider not just the what factor but also the how and why factors, in which case
英语论文写作格式ppt课件
9 附注 (Appendix)
有助于读者理解、评价、或重复该研究。包括： ① 特别针对研究设计的、独特的、新的计算机程 序；② 尚未发表的测验；③ 复杂的数学证明； ④ 列出刺激材料；⑤复杂仪器的详细说明。
13
10 作者注 (Author Note) ① 每个作者的单位部门，② 支持经费 来源，③ 致谢，④ 通信作者
③ 实验方法，包括仪器、数据收集过程、完成测试名目、 药物剂量和管理途径
The effects of cue size on short-latency (P1 and N1) ERP components, and the time course of these effects with variation in cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), were examined. Reaction time (RT) to discriminate a target was prolonged as cue size increased.
Who Uses APA Style
The Publication Manual is the style
manual of choice for many disciplines where effective communication in words and data is fundamental
4
2 摘要(Abstract)
• 简短、概括、全面，以便读者一窥而知全貌。好的摘 要应该是：
• 准确(accurate)：确保摘要正确反映研究的目的与内容； • 独 立 (self-contained) ： 定 义 所 有 的 缩 写 （ 除 测 量 单
有助于读者理解、评价、或重复该研究。包括： ① 特别针对研究设计的、独特的、新的计算机程 序；② 尚未发表的测验；③ 复杂的数学证明； ④ 列出刺激材料；⑤复杂仪器的详细说明。
13
10 作者注 (Author Note) ① 每个作者的单位部门，② 支持经费 来源，③ 致谢，④ 通信作者
③ 实验方法，包括仪器、数据收集过程、完成测试名目、 药物剂量和管理途径
The effects of cue size on short-latency (P1 and N1) ERP components, and the time course of these effects with variation in cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), were examined. Reaction time (RT) to discriminate a target was prolonged as cue size increased.
Who Uses APA Style
The Publication Manual is the style
manual of choice for many disciplines where effective communication in words and data is fundamental
4
2 摘要(Abstract)
• 简短、概括、全面，以便读者一窥而知全貌。好的摘 要应该是：
• 准确(accurate)：确保摘要正确反映研究的目的与内容； • 独 立 (self-contained) ： 定 义 所 有 的 缩 写 （ 除 测 量 单
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1.2.1 A narrowed-down topic
There is usually only one central idea in a paragraph. When you begin to write,what you must do first is narrow down the topic. The paragraph should be limited to one part of a subject ,
1.2.2 A Reasonable Sequence
It is not enough just to have a specific topic. Since a paragraph is just like a mini-essay, it needs a resonable organization or sequence. However, paragraphs are not organized in the same way. The choice is based on the content of the paragraph and the intention of the writer. In otherwords, exactly how the parts of a paragraph will fit together depends on what the paragraph is saving. For instance, if it describes a place, it may move from a general view to the significant details- or from some
Paragraph, you can write a good essay.
1.2 Organizatiom of a paragraph
Organizatiom is vital to good composition, so it cannot be negected by either student or teacher. A paragraph is a unit of Organizatiom of written language. It has only one basic aim: to communicates one central ideas clearly and effectively.
The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic of the paragraphs, but also limits the topic to one or two areas that can be discussed completely in the space of a sigle paragraphs. The specific area is called the controlling idea.
Although the subject is probably much larger than the single aspect in the paragraph. In other words, there must be a focus in the paragraph . For example, suppose you are asked to write something about your house in one paragraph. “house” may be too general a topic for you to discuss in a paragraph, even your living room is tool arge.So you should pick out a part of the room, suchas your favourite desk, or the fireplace, or your bookcase, ect. In the following example, the writer specializes his topic-the character’s face.
Basic Skills in Writing Paragraphs
1.1 Introduction to Paragraphs 1.1.1 paragraph
Paragraph is the basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea. A Paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten more sentences. The number of sentences is nt; however,the paragraphs should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly. In general, a paragraph comprises three major structural parts: a topic sentence, supporting sentences,and a concluding sentences.
1.1.2 Essay
A necessary is a piece of writing with several related paragraph. It is written about one topic, just as a paragraph is .However,the topic of an essay is too long complex to be discussed in one paragraph. Therefore, you must tie all the separate paragraphs together in one way or another to form an essay. Writing an essay is no more difficult than writng a paragraph, except that an essay is longer. The principles of organization are the same for both; so if you can write a good
There is usually only one central idea in a paragraph. When you begin to write,what you must do first is narrow down the topic. The paragraph should be limited to one part of a subject ,
1.2.2 A Reasonable Sequence
It is not enough just to have a specific topic. Since a paragraph is just like a mini-essay, it needs a resonable organization or sequence. However, paragraphs are not organized in the same way. The choice is based on the content of the paragraph and the intention of the writer. In otherwords, exactly how the parts of a paragraph will fit together depends on what the paragraph is saving. For instance, if it describes a place, it may move from a general view to the significant details- or from some
Paragraph, you can write a good essay.
1.2 Organizatiom of a paragraph
Organizatiom is vital to good composition, so it cannot be negected by either student or teacher. A paragraph is a unit of Organizatiom of written language. It has only one basic aim: to communicates one central ideas clearly and effectively.
The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic of the paragraphs, but also limits the topic to one or two areas that can be discussed completely in the space of a sigle paragraphs. The specific area is called the controlling idea.
Although the subject is probably much larger than the single aspect in the paragraph. In other words, there must be a focus in the paragraph . For example, suppose you are asked to write something about your house in one paragraph. “house” may be too general a topic for you to discuss in a paragraph, even your living room is tool arge.So you should pick out a part of the room, suchas your favourite desk, or the fireplace, or your bookcase, ect. In the following example, the writer specializes his topic-the character’s face.
Basic Skills in Writing Paragraphs
1.1 Introduction to Paragraphs 1.1.1 paragraph
Paragraph is the basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea. A Paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten more sentences. The number of sentences is nt; however,the paragraphs should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly. In general, a paragraph comprises three major structural parts: a topic sentence, supporting sentences,and a concluding sentences.
1.1.2 Essay
A necessary is a piece of writing with several related paragraph. It is written about one topic, just as a paragraph is .However,the topic of an essay is too long complex to be discussed in one paragraph. Therefore, you must tie all the separate paragraphs together in one way or another to form an essay. Writing an essay is no more difficult than writng a paragraph, except that an essay is longer. The principles of organization are the same for both; so if you can write a good