英文会议手册

DIRECTORYWelcome Letter Page 2 Part 1 The Schedule of SDUWMUN Page 3 Part 2 The Committee Introduction Page 51.The Committee History2.The Structure of the Committee3.Country MatrixPart 3 The Topics & Background Page 6 Part 4 The Advice of theDais & Relevant WebsitesPage 7 Part 5 Conference Procedure & Rules Page 81. General Conference Information2. Rules on Formal Debate3. Rules Governing Resolutions4. Rules Governing Voting5. Precedence of MotionsPart 6 Award Page22 Part 7 Meeting Etiquette Page23 Appendix I Page24Welcome LetterDear Delegates and Faculty Advisors,It’s my distinct pleasure to welcome you to the fourth session of Model United Nations of Shandong University at Weihai. This conference will be held from 30th October to 31st October, 2010, hosted by the International Cooperation and Communication Department, organized by Students’ International Communication Association. We also have invited some universities in Shandong Province to participate in the conference.This is really an amazing conference, which not just develops your expertise in research, writing, public speaking but also the art of negotiation as you fight for the interests of the countries you will represent on every conceivable topic relevant in today’s global community. I sincerely hope that your experience at SDUWMUN will empower you to further your passion for international diplomacy.This April, the third session of SDUWMUN was held successfully. This October, SDUWMUN will continue the mission to present an exciting conference. Recently, the most heated discussed topics are financial crisis and human rights, so this time, our topic is that ‘the Background of the Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Universal Realization and Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights’, we will provide a comprehensive study guide to help you become well-versed with the topic of debate. Furthermore, we hope that you can be able to benefit through taking part in the preparation.All of us are very excited to welcome you to Model United Nations in Shandong University at Weihai. SDUWMUN can be considered as a competition, a forum, and also a big brilliant party. We thank you for all of your hard work in preparing for this conference and are looking forward to an incredible party. Let’s enjoy it! And never hesitate to contact us with any questions you may have.Yours sincerely,石玉丹(Secretary-General)Shandong University at Weihai Model United NationsPART 1:The Schedule of SDUWMUN 2010 •PROCESS:Date&Time Event Place Note10.10 (19.00-21.00)ConferenceTraining(one)Training of theprocedure10.17 (19.00-21.00)ConferenceTraining(two)Training of the topics10.22 (19.00-21.00) ConferenceTraining(three)WenhuaHotelRehearsal10.24Hand in thePositionPaper Send the electronic version of Position Paper tosicawh_mun2009@hotmail.c om before 12 o’clock10.29The Invited Members Arrive, Welcome Dinner Accommodation：Wenhua Hotel at SDUW10.30（Sat）8.00-9.00Opening Ceremony10.30 (Sat) 9.00-9.30Group Photograph10.30 (Sat) 9.30-12.00Formal Conference (One)10.30 (Sat) 14.00-17.30FormalConference(Two)Submit the electronicversion of DraftResolutions tosicawh_mun2009@hotmail.com before 18.3010.30 (Sat) 19.00-20.30Young diplomat dance10.31（Sun）8.00-12.00FormalConference(Third)After discussing thedraft resolution adjourn40 minutes，before theend of the time, submitthe electronic version ofthe amendments to thesecretariat10.31（Sun）14.00-15.00News Conference10.31 (Sun) 14.00-15.00AwardCeremonyClosingCeremonyTheReportingHall atInternetBuildingPART 2:Committee IntroductionCommittee HistoryThe Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the UN system made up of 47 States responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe. The Council was created by the UN General Assembly on 15 March 2006 with the main purpose of addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. One year after holding its first meeting, on 18 June 2007, the Council adopted its “Institution-building package” [Word file] providing elements to guide it in its future work. Among the elements is the new Universal Periodic Review mechanism which will assess the human rights situations in all 192 UN Member States. Other features include a new Advisory Committee which serves as the Council’s “think tank” providing it with expertise and advice on thematic human rights issues and the revised Complaints Procedure mechanism which allows individuals and organizations to bring complaints about human rights violations to the attention of the Council. The Human Rights Council also continues to work closely with the UN Special Procedures established by the former Commission on Human Rights and assumed by the Council.The Structure of the CommitteeThe Dais:A ChairTwo RapporteursThe secretariat:One SecretaryOne Deputy Secretary GeneralThree Secretary AssistantsCountry MatrixAngola IranArgentina IsraelBahrain JapanBrazil KoreaChina NigeriaCuba PhilippinesEcuador RussiaFrance United KingdomGermany United States of AmericaIndia ZambiaPart 3:The Topics & BackgroundThe Topics:The Background of The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Universal Realization and Effective Enjoyment of Human RightsThe Background:In August 2007, the international financial crisis erupted, causing the decrease of trade, increase of unemployment and the deduction of investment. In the situation of the poor economy, our first concern is the recovery of the economy, but as the crisis spread, the other impacts of the crisis have been shown, and its influence to the human rights has been noticed.On Feb. 20th 2009, UN Human Rights Council held a special conference on the influence on the global economic and financial crisis. This meeting was supported by most countries of the UN Human Rights Council, and was the brainchild of Egypt with the support of the African Union and Brazil. The president of the Human Rights Council said during meeting that the crisis posed a grave threat for human rights. He further emphasized that ensuring the basic human rights was the fundamental way to respond to the global crisis.In June 2009, United Nations held the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development in New York City. The United Nations convened a three-day summit of world leaders from June 24th to June 26th at its headquarters inNew York City to assess the damage from the global economic crisis. The conference concluded that people in developing countries were suffering disproportionately due to the crisis and it is the responsibility of the developed countries that caused the crisis to help. They recommended that developed countries follow the Monterrey Consensus' recommendation by giving 0.7% of their GDP as aid to poor countries.NGOs also closely followed this issue. After the global financial crisis began, six major NGOs made a joint statement that the crisis not only hurt business but also infringed upon human rights. Presently, basic social rights such as the right to shelter, healthcare and education are bearing the brunt of pressure. As the economic crisis worsened, governments also increased censorship to stifle potential unrest. NGOs are putting more pressure on governments to respect human rights by various ways.PART 4:The Advice of the DaisI.Which kind of country is influenced most by the financial crisisand the reasons;II.What challenges of human rights protection are we faced with under the pressure of the financial crisis;III. How do we do with these challenges.Relevant WebsitesUnited Nations UNA-China / Muners /web/The Database of UN Human Rights Treaty The UN Division for the Advancement of Women/womenwatch/dawPART 5:Conference Procedure & Rules1. General Conference InformationI. THE PROCESS: COMMITTEE SESSIONSFormal DebateThe formal debate will begin with an open Speakers’ List, during which time representatives have the opportunity to share their views with the entire committee. The time limit for each delegate is 2 minutes. In formal debate, representatives may make speeches, answer questions, and introduce and debate draft resolutions and amendments. Points and motions are in order during formal debate.Unmoderated ConsultationWhile in formal debate, representatives may move for an unmoderated consultation for a fixed period of time, 5 minutes in average. The consultation serves as a temporary suspension of formal debate. During this time, representatives can meet informally with each other and the committee staff to discuss working papers, draft resolutions, amendments, and other relevant issues. A great deal of draft resolution writing and compromise is usually accomplished during this period of time, and representatives are encouraged to use consultation time to the best of their advantage.Moderated ConsultationRepresentatives can also make motions for moderated consultations on specific topics to focus the debate of the committee on issues that are of particular relevance. When a motion for moderated consultation is passed, the Chairperson shall call upon representatives to address committee members for a predetermined amount of time which should be decided by the delegate who make this motion. No motions are in order during a moderated discussion.Submission and Debate of ProposalsBefore we can discuss the specifics of the debate structure, it is important to note that the purpose of the debate is to produce a comprehensive and pragmatic solution to the issue, embodied in a document called a resolution. The process for producing a resolution in a CNMUN committee consists of two written stages: the workingpaper and the draft resolution. By writing, submitting, introducing and debating on proposals, the committee will be propelled towards a pragmatic and holistic solution to the issue. The path towards a resolution will be depicted in details below.VotingThe final act in the discussion of a topic area is voting on the draft resolution(s) on the floor (as amended throughout the course of debate). A draft resolution is passed when two-thirds majority of the committee votes in its favor and only one resolution may be passed for a topic area. Consideration of the topic area is normally over when one comprehensive resolution has been passed. And then the meeting will be adjourned if a simple majority members present and voting.II. THE PATH TOWARDS A RESOLUTIONIf we are to understand the nuances of the debate, we must first grasp the path towards the resolution.1). Working PaperWorking papers mainly serve as a point of reference for discussion in committee by putting abstract ideas into a concrete, written form (please see the sample provided later in this guide). Working papers are usually short proposals on one or more aspects of the problem under discussion and serve as a way of breaking down an issue into manageable units. With the approval of the Chairperson, working papers are copied and distributed so that the committee’s representatives can learn about the positions and interests of other representatives. As the committee’s work progresses, new points and ideas should be compiled into new working papers. Amendments cannot be made to working papers. Subsequent working papers must contain ideas that do not appear on any previous or concurrent working papers. Working papers should help advance the committee’s work, not duplicate it. This means that once a variety of proposals and viewpoints are introduced, the committee should begin to formulate the working papers into comprehensive draft resolutions. Representatives should be aware that working papers are not “mini-resolutions” in that they do not need to be in any specific format and do not need to cover all the issues raised in the Questions a Resolution Must Answer portion of the study guide. Additionally, ideas do not have to appear in working papers before they can become draft resolutions. In another word, working papers do provide a very useful tool for getting the entire committee’s feedback on specific ideas before presenting them as formal draft resolutions.2).Position PaperPosition papers are single-spaced, one-page documents that explain your country’s position on a particular topic. They should be instructive, clear, and concise, so as to leave no doubt on your country’s stance. Include your name, the name of your university, and the country delegation you are representing at the top of the document. Each delegation of a committee must turn in one position paper before the conference. Please adhere to the following three-paragraph format, setting the topic of Children’s Education Rights as an example:The first paragraph must state your country’s position on this topic. What is your country’s education status of children? What are the obstacles of your nation to achieve the goal of “Universal primary education” and “Gender equality in education”?The second paragraph will present what kinds of efforts your country has paid on attempt to settle down this issue. In addition, what is the relationship between your country and the international community in cooperation? What specific policy steps at the international, regional, national and community levels does your country desire to undertake in order to promote the domestic educations situation for children?The final paragraph must present a plan to ensure and expand the availability of primary education enrollment in impoverished nations and regions, especially in SAS and SSA. Considering the proposed solutions presented in the topic booklet, these plans must be viable and involve specific roles for United Nations agencies, national governments, regional organizations, international bodies, and NGOs in their implementation. A strong plan will address most of the QARMAs. Ingenuity (i.e. not simply copying the suggestions already presented) and novel syntheses of existing proposals are strongly encouraged. Requirement on Position PaperCountry:Committee:Topic:Delegates:3). Draft ResolutionsAs in the real United Nations, the main vehicle of action at CNMUN is the resolution, a formal document in which a committee spells out the action to be taken in order to solve a particular problem. Each draft resolution should deal specifically with the topic area currently under discussion by the committee. The following criteria mustbe met before a draft resolution can be introduced to the committee:* It must completely address the points set out in the “Questions a Resolution Must Answer” section of the study guide as well as any other points that have been raised in the course of debate.* It must be well-written, concise, comprehensive, and free of grammatical and typographical errors.* It must have the minimum number of signatories as stipulated in the Rules of Procedure.* It must receive the approval and signature of the Chairperson.* It must be completely original work done at the conference; no prewritten draft resolutions will be allowed, and plagiarism will not be tolerated. Because the committee can pass only one resolution on each topic, representatives should expect to be asked to revise draft resolutions several times before they meet the Chairperson’s standards. While the Chairperson will not advocate a particular solution, it is his or her responsibility to ensure that the committee has fulfilled its responsibilities and adequately addressed the entire topic before it can be introduced as a draft resolution. The Chairpersons are trained to be very discriminating in accepting draft resolutions, and representatives should not be surprised or offended if the dais staff sends a proposal for a draft resolution back to the committee for revision before approving it. It is the committee’s responsibility to construct an effective resolution to handle the situation at hand. When a draft resolution is introduced, it is usually not ready for an immediate vote. Much debate, compromise, and revision are involved in the formulation of a resolution that can be agreed upon by the committee. Listed below are some (not comprehensive) guidelines for good resolutions:* A good resolution should represent a technical solution to the issue. It is not enough to merely create an additional committee to discuss the problem or to condemn or approve of this or that country. The resolution should present specific, concrete proposals to deal with the issue at hand.* The resolution should be the product of a workable compromise among the nations party to a dispute (in an antagonistic political situation) or among the competing viewpoints on how an issue should be resolved (in a cooperative problem-solving situation). This means all involved parties should agree. Any resolution dealing the situation in Israel/Palestine, for example, is meaningless if it does not meet with the approval of both Israel and the Arab community. * The compromise reached must take into account the relative power of the parties to the dispute. In the United Nations, each nation has one equal vote. But in the international community, it is a fact that some nations have more power than others. When drafting a resolution, keep in mind that a realistic world view is essential to a solution that can be effectively implemented in the global arena.Requirement on Draft ResolutionCommittee:Topic:Sponsors:Signatories:THE CONTENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN VERDANA NO.54). AmendmentsThe amendment process is used to perfect and improve draft resolutions as the course of debate evolves to reflect concerns that may not have been addressed in the original document. A clear understanding of the rules of procedure is very important to the process of proposing, debating, and voting on an amendment. Chairperson will clarify this process at conference, time permitting, but a review of the amendment process as described in the Rules of Procedure is highly recommended to optimize a committee’s efficiency and productivity. At CNMUN, all amendments must be put to procedural vote of the entire committee. Only at the Chairperson’s discretion can amendments be made without vote (on non-substantive matters such as typos). There are no friendly amendments, and all amendments are treated in the same way regardless of the effect they have on the draft resolution in question. If an amendment is passed by the body, it is immediately incorporated into the text of the draft resolution for the purposes of debate and voting.Requirement on The AmendmentAmendmentCommittee:：Topic:：Sponsors:Signatories：THE CONTINENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN VERDANA NO.4 with DOUBLE SPACING2. Rules on Formal DebateDuring the formal debate, all delegates are required to follow the rule of procedures and maintain decorum. Formal debate can be divided into the following segments:Roll CallIn this phase, the Rapporteur would announce the name of each member state and observer in alphabetical order. Upon announcement, the aforementioned country’s delegate would raise his/her placard and announce “present”.Setting of AgendaEstablishment of Speakers ListThe Committee will have an open Speakers List for the topic area being discussed. The Director would initially call for countries willing to speak to be added to the list and will set the speaking time beforehand.Making of SpeechesTime LimitAll speakers on any speaker list would be given 120 seconds to speak unless a delegate moves otherwise, and such a motion requires a second and a simple majority to pass.YieldsAfter a delegate has finished his/her speech within the allocated time, any remaining time can be yielded. There are four different types of yields:Yield Time to Another DelegateThis situation usually appears when country A which yields his/her time and country B to whom the time is yielded to have reached a consensus after discussion. The delegate from country B would utilize the time remaining from A’s speech to speak. If there is still time remaining after B’s speech, there would be no further yielding of time.Yield Time to QuestionsOnce a delegate that has spoken chooses to yield his/her time to questions, the Director would ask for delegates willing to ask questions to raise their placards and would randomly pick any of such delegates to pose their inquiries. The time for asking questions would not be included in the remaining time of the previous speech. The delegate speaking can use the remaining time to answer all questions posed.Yield Time to CommentsOnce a delegate chooses to yield his/her remaining speaking time to comments, the Director would ask for delegates willing to comment to raise their placards andrandomly pick any of such delegates to speak. Delegates appointed to comment can use the remaining time to make relevant comments; however, the delegate who has yielded his/her time would not be allowed to express his/her opinions again or rebut the comments in this same time frame. The Director will rule out any comments that do not pertain to the previous speech. Yield Time to the ChairUpon yielding time to the chair, a delegate chooses to forego his/her remaining time and the Director would proceed on with the rest of the proceedings.Points and MotionsAfter a delegate has spoken/fully utilized the allocated speaking time, the Director would ask for points or motions from the Committee. At this point in time, a delegate can raise points or motions according to his/her needs. MotionsMotion to set speaking time Simple Majority （50%+1）Motion for a Moderated Consultation Simple Majority （50%+1）Motion for a Unmoderated Consultation Simple Majority （50%+1）Motion to Suspend the Meeting Simple Majority （50%+1）Motion to Close Debate Two-thirds MajorityPointsPoint of Order When a delegate feels that the Director or another delegate has made an error in the rules of procedures,he/she can raise a Point of Order to correct the mistake.This can be done even in the middle of a speech, but theright should be exercised with caution.NovotePoint of Inquiry When a delegate has questions about the rules of procedures, he/she can raise a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry to the Director.NovotePoint of Personal Privilege When a delegate feels any personal discomfort that will hinder his/her participation of the meeting,he/she can raise a Point of Personal Privilegeto obtain the assistance of the Dais. This can be doneeven in the middle of a speech, but the right should be exercised whit caution.Novote3. Rules Governing ResolutionsDraft ResolutionsOne member could sponsor only one draft resolution and the co-sponsors of the draft resolutions need to sign on to it which indicates their support. One member may sign more than one draft resolution. Signing a draft resolution does not explicitly indicate the support for the draft resolution but only indicate a desire for the draft resolution to be discussed in committee. As such, the signatory has no obligations towards the draft resolution.Consideration of Draft ResolutionsA draft resolution may be proposed only when it has been signed by a quarter of the members present at the session. A representative may motion to introduce a draft resolution as long as it has been approved by the Chairperson and then distributed to all members. At the Chairperson’s discretion, he/she shall recognize the main sponsors to introduce the draft resolution and permit a clarification session with a time limit. Any substantive points will be ruled out of order during this period. More than one draft resolution may be on the floor at any one time, but at most one draft resolution may be passed. Debate on draft resolutions proceeds according to the general Speakers’ List and representatives may then refer to the draft resolutions by its designated number.A draft resolution requires two thirds majority of members to adopt it. The draft resolution adopted by each committee will be debated and put to vote at the Plenary. The draft resolution supported by more than two-thirds member states will be adopted as the final decision. If the draft resolutions are not adopted, a Chairperson’s statement will be issued.Consideration of AmendmentsRepresentatives may amend any draft resolution on the floor. The amendment must be substantively different from the resolution it seeks to amend. Only one amendment may be introduced at any given time.4. Rules Governing VotingProcedural VotingAll voting is considered procedural with the exception of voting on draft resolutions and their amendments. Representatives must vote on all procedural motions, and no abstentions are allowed. All procedural matters shall be voted upon using name plates. A motion that requires a simple majority needs more than half of the Committee members present and voting.A motion that requires two-thirds to pass requires exactly two-thirds of the Committee memberspresent and voting. After closure of debate, the Committee shall move into voting procedure. At that point, only the following points and motions shall be allowed: Motion for a Roll Call Vote, Motion for Reordering the Draft Resolution, and Point of Order. If there are no such motions, the Committee shall vote on all draft resolutions.Substantive VotingThe only substantive voting shall be voted on draft resolutions and amendments. All other votes shall be procedural voting. For substantive voting, each member shall have one vote and, it requires two-thirds majority for the Committee to adopt a resolution or an amendment. The Council shall normally vote by show of name plates, except that any member state requests a roll-call, which shall be taken in the English alphabetical order of the names of the member states of the Council. The name of each member state shall be called in all roll-calls, and its representative shall replay “yes”, “no” or “abstention”. Decisions on substantive matters of the Council or Committees shall be made by two-thirds of the members present and voting. Members who abstain from voting are considered as not voting. The Chairperson shall then announce the outcome of the vote. Brief statements by member states consisting solely of explanations of their votes may be permitted by the Chairperson before the voting has commenced or after the voting has been completed.Order of Voting On Draft ResolutionIf there is more than one draft resolution, they shall, unless the Committee decides otherwise, be voted on in the order in which they were submitted. The Committee may, after each vote on a draft resolution, decide whether to vote on the next draft resolution.Reordering Draft ResolutionsA Motion to Reorder Draft Resolutions shall only be in order immediately after entering voting procedure, and before voting has started on any draft resolutions. If the motion receives the simple majority required to pass, the Chairperson shall take all motions to reorder draft resolutions and then vote on them in the order in which they came. Voting shall continue until either a motion passes, receiving a simple majority, or all of the motions fail, in which case the Committee shall move into voting procedure, voting on the draft resolutions in their original order. Only one motion to reorder draft resolutions is in order in each round of voting procedures.Order of Voting On AmendmentsBefore an amendment is included into a draft resolution, the amendment shall be voted on first. When two or more amendments are proposed to a draft resolution, the amendment furthest removed in substance from the original draft resolution shall be voted on first and then the amendment next furthest removed there, and so on。