2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(五)
考研英语模拟题整理版 五
考研英语考试中心模拟题整理版五Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using__1__ therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans __2__awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or __3__an pill, hoping it will make them sleepy.__4__ experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain__5__.Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have__6__ of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. But __7__the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists __8__together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. The panel called__9__a broad range of research into insomnia, __10__that if scientists understood its __11__causes, they could develop better treatments.Most, but not all, insomnia is thought to __12__other health problems, from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease. The question often is whether the insomnia came first or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping in__13__complicates those other problems. Other diseases __14__, the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more __15__among women, especially after their 50s. Smoking, caffeine and numerous __16__drugs also affect sleep.The NIH is spending about $200 million this year on sleep-related research, some__17__to specific disorders and others __18__the underlying scientific laws that control the nervous system of sleep. The agency was__19__the panel’s review before deciding what additional work should be__20__ at insomnia.1. ［A］unproven ［B］unknown ［C］improper ［D］imperative2. ［A］fall ［B］lie ［C］seem ［D］become3. ［A］prescribe ［B］pop ［C］abuse ［D］experiment4. ［A］And ［B］Though ［C］Thus ［D］But5. ［A］peculiar ［B］anonymous ［C］mysterious ［D］unexpected6. ［A］signals ［B］symptoms ［C］signs ［D］symbols7. ［A］in addition to［B］except for ［C］owing to ［D］for all8. ［A］pulled ［B］collected ［C］brought ［D］drawn9. ［A］on ［B］for ［C］up ［D］in10. ［A］noting ［B］notifying ［C］nosing ［D］nominating11. ［A］undertaking［B］underlining ［C］underlying ［D］undermining12. ［A］cause ［B］accompany ［C］follow ［D］attend13. ［A］short ［B］case ［C］essence ［D］turn14. ［A］inside ［B］outside ［C］aside ［D］besides15. ［A］common ［B］popular ［C］frequent ［D］regular16. ［A］conscription［B］description ［C］subscription［D］prescription17. ［A］aimed ［B］targeted ［C］designated ［D］designed18. ［A］examining ［B］inspecting ［C］verifying ［D］assessing19. ［A］conducting ［B］awaiting ［C］receiving ［D］considering20. ［A］assigned ［B］charged ［C］directed ［D］attendedSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Passage 1Timothy Berners-Lee might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth—intentionally—in 1990. That’s when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not a mass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.Berners-Lee regards today’s Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations. By , he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web—a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also the logical relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantics and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally adroit at dealing with language and reason won’t just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Web sites by the thousands and logically sift out just what’s relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But there’s far more.Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today’s Web, spring from novel combinations of existingknowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues—like the environment and climate warming.1.Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have _____.［A］created the most important innovation in the 1990s［B］accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates［C］patented the technology of Microsoft software［D］given his brainchild to us all2.The Semantic Web will be superior to today’s web in that it _____.［A］surpasses people in processing numbers［B］fulfills user’s original expectations［C］deals with language and reason as well as number［D］responds like a rebellious adult3.To search for any information needed on tomorrow’s Web, one only has to _____.［A］wade through screen after screen of extraneous data［B］ask the Web to dispatch some messenger to his door［C］use smart software programs called “agents”［D］explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out what’s relevant4.Thanks to the Web of the future, _____.［A］millions of web pages can be translated overnight［B］one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online［C］software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts［D］scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much better5.The most appropriate title for this text is.［A］Differences between Two Webs［B］The Humanization of Computer Software［C］A New Solution to World Problems［D］The Creator and His Next CreationPassage 2Like the disco era it dominated, stagflation has a distinctive beat: slow growth, rising inflation, high oil prices and weak labour markets. In the 1970s this nasty combination haunted the global economy. Could it be making a comeback?Today’s world economy does seem to be playing some similar tunes. In the statementaccompanying its latest interest-rate hike on May 3rd, America’s Federal Reserve fretted about both price pressure and a slowdown in spending. On May 4th, the European Central Bank (ECB) kept interest rates unchanged, but worried aloud about oil prices and slowing growth.The evidence is mounting that global growth has slowed. In America, output grew by an annualised 3.1% in the first three months of , the slowest pace for two years. More recent figures, from weak retail sales to soggy consumer confidence, suggest this soft patch may be getting softer by the day. In Britain, the latest numbers—in retail sales and manufacturing—point to weaker growth. And in the euro zone, sluggish economies are looking ever more lethargic.Yet even as growth is slowing, price pressures are looming. In America, consumer prices rose 3.1% in the year to March, up from 1.7% a year ago. In Britain, inflation jumped unexpectedly in March. And in the euro zone, consumer prices are still rising faster than the 2% goal that the European Central Bank targets. With output slowing and inflation stubborn, it is small wonder that the concerns about stagflation are back in fashion.In fact, today’s version of stagflation bears scant resemblance to the 1970s. In 1979, for instance, America’s core inflation, which excludes oil and food, was rising at over 7% a year, while the economy grew barely more than 1%. Recent core inflation, at 2.2%, is only just above the central bank’s comfort zone, while GDP growth is pretty close to the economy’s sustainable rate. There is a bit of “flation”, in other words, but not much sign of “stag”. The euro zone, by contrast, has plenty of stagnation, but—despite the ECB’s nervousness—there is little sign that its inflation is getting out of control.Just because things are not as bad as the 1970s does not, by itself, give much cause for comfort, however. How far history repeats itself hinges on two other factors. The first is central bankers’determination to retain their credibility as inflation fighters. The 1970s stagflation resulted, in large part, from extended periods of loose monetary policy pursued to accommodate the demand-crippling effect of oil shocks by printing money. The credibility-obsessed folk at the ECB clearly have no intention of repeating that mistake.But the Fed’s (federal reserve) governors have played a riskier game. They have, thus far, run an extremely loose monetary policy—even after this week’s rise, real interest rates are barely positive. But thanks to the central bank’s reserve of inflation-fighting credibility, long-term inflation expectations have barely shifted. At issue is how long that remains the case. At the very least, the measured march to higher rates must continue unabated.The other wild card combines labour costs and productivity growth. In the 1970s, productivity growth fell sharply and unexpectedly. Added to this, strong trade unions, little international competition and those accommodating central bankers created a pernicious wage-price spiral. There is little of this dynamic today. Although productivity growth has slowed from its recent peaks, it has not slumped. Global competition has left little room for excessive wage demands. This suggests that a return to classic stagflation is unlikely.1.The first sentence in Paragraph 2 means today’s world economy seems to be _____.［A］following a familiar business cycle pattern［B］characterized by continuous change［C］affected by uncontrollable inflation［D］ a combination of output slowing and inflation2.Slow economic growth nowadays is evident in all of the following EXCEPT _____.［A］soggy consumer confidence［B］weak retails sales［C］low interest rate［D］slow output growth3.The stagnation in the 1970s, as mentioned in the passage, resulted from _____.［A］the decreasing flow of currency［B］slow march to higher rates［C］economy’s sustainable rate［D］vicious wage-price spiral4.Now a return to classic stagflation is unlikely because _____.［A］price pressure is easing in spite of slow economic growth［B］inflation rate has not gone out of control［C］the central bank has strict monetary policy［D］productivity growth has been steadily rising5.The author’s attitude towards the current economic situation seems to be _____.［A］objective［B］optimistic［C］pessimistic［D］confusedPassage 3With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vicewas manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?［A］Democratic ideas started with education.［B］Federalists were opposed to education.［C］New education helped confirm people’s social status.［D］Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.2.The difference between “gentleman-in-waiting”and “journeyman”is that _____ .［A］education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders［B］journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him［C］gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class［D］journeyman could do practically nothing without education3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____.［A］belonged to the land-owning class［B］enlarged the scope of education［C］was provided only to the poor［D］benefited all but the upper class4.Which of the following was the most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting”?［A］Manners. ［B］Education. ［C］Moral. ［D］Personality.5.The best title for the passage is _____.［A］Education and Progress［B］Old and New Social Norms［C］New Education: Opportunities for More［D］Demerits of Hierarchical SocietyPassage 4Your first introduction to the so-called “precautionary principle”may have come from your mother. She may have told you it was “better to be safe than sorry”as she advised you to buckle your seat belt or admonished “when in doubt, throw it out”, as you speculated on the odds of getting food poisoning from the leftover turkey you forgot to refrigerate the night before. Such precautionary advice makes sense. But the modern-day precautionary principle—which is generally taken to mean that environmental and health policies that deal with known hazards are insufficient; we need new policies based on what “might”cause harm, even if there’s noscientific evidence a hazard exists—is not nearly so benign.It is this precautionary principle that dominates the currently raging debate about trace levels of so-called “hormone-disrupting chemicals”in the environment. At a number of recent international conferences and in a widely publicized book, Our Stolen Future, it has been suggested that the release into the environment of synthetic chemicals—especially chlorine and related compounds—has been responsible not only for an increase in chronic diseases like cancer, but even more ominously, for an increase in reproductive and developmental problems. The suggested response? Stop the technology and ban all the chemicals just in case—and do so immediately. The scientific evidence for the charges? Spotty, ambiguous and filled with gaps—and the advocates of precautionary principle acknowledge it.But under the precautionary principle, scientifically questionable observations of wildlife and incomplete human data are sufficient to sound the alarm. In short, since no data exist to prove there isn’t a problem, we should assume there is. So as is typical in situations where the scientific evidence is extremely tentative but the potential for arousing fear is great, the precautionary principle is invoked. Our Stolen Future uses the word “might”30 times, —as in, “those exposed prenatally to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may have abnormal hormone levels as adults, and they could pass on persistent chemicals they themselves have inherited—both factors which could influen ce the development of their own children.” Still, just the hint of possible harms is seductive and the precautionary principle plays well to the crowd, placing environmental advocates on the side of the public, and portraying opponents as indifferent, even hostile to public health.There are however, at least two reasons why the precautionary principle itself is a hazard, both to our health and our high standard of living, and why it should not be applied to regulatory policy. First, if we act on “mays”and “coulds”, we will have less time, less money, and fewer resources left to deal with the real public health challenges that confront us. We should not let the distraction of purely hypothetical threats cause us to lose sight of known or highly probably ones. Second, the precautionary principle assumes that no detriment to health will result from a proposed new regulation. For example, what are the known health risks from the current, regulated use of chlorine? None. How great are the benefits? Enormous. What new health risks would we encounter if we were to ban chlorinated compounds because they might make alligators less virile? Plenty. Chlorine is the essential cornerstone of modern industrial chemistry. We need chlorine to make the pesticides that enable us to have a food supply rich in cancer-fighting fruits and vegetables. We need it to produce lifesaving pharmaceuticals. And we need it to disinfect our nation’s water supply. So what’s to be done in those instances when the risks are hypothetical and the costs of eliminating a tec hnology are substantial? Go back to what mother said: “When in doubt, throw the precautionary principle out.”1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces her topic by_____.［A］justifying a principle ［B］making an assumption［C］posing a contrast ［D］having quotations2. Which of the following may disagree with advocates of precautionary principle?［A］Chemicals in the environment cause serious damage to human health.［B］The final solution is to immediately ban the technology and chemicals.［C］The scientific evidence for environmental harm is disputable.［D］More time and money should be spent in dealing with known diseases.3.In the public’s eyes,_____.［A］environmental advocates are indifferent to public health［B］health policies are insufficient to deal with unknown hazards［C］many diseases have no environmental component［D］new policies based on what might cause harm may cause harm themselves4. The precautionary principle itself is a hazard, because _____.［A］to stop a supposedly risky technology does more harm than good［B］there is no scientific evidence that a hazard truly exists［C］hypothetical threats distract our attention from the truth［D］tentative theories are likely to misinform the public5.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards the present-day environmental issue?［A］Better to be safe than sorry.［B］When in doubt, throw it out.［C］No doubt about the need for action.［D］No trouble, no fuss.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (upright-walking, apelike early humans).41. ___________The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago—dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to15,000 years ago). 42. ___________Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domestication—the planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals—is evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacán Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. 43. ___________Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. 44. ___________Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. 45. ___________ ［A］For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.［B］By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.［C］Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.［D］The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.［E］Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.［F］One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.［G］Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.Part CDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means to the same result. (46) Alternatively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it.The extrinsic approach, adopted in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. (47)Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for art’s sake”. Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself. (48)They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself.Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions.(49)We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value.（50）Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are?答案1.A2.B3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.C9.B 10.A11.C 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C总体分析本文主要介绍了对失眠的研究工作。
2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(一)
2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（一）Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gayand lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin ， Texas. George W. Bush invited us ， a dozen gay Republicans ， after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent ：neveragain will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues ， as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner ， Rob Morris ， and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy ， strong ， religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term ， loving relationships ， stable families ， strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that ， growing up in Texas ， he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. “What have I said that sent that signal?” he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. “I never said that ，” he insisted ， assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians whoboth were qualified and shared his political views.Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children ， the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. “Now you're telling me of a very loving ， caring relationship ，” he said. “I really appreciate hearing that.” We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive ——and does show a willingness to hear all sides ——I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest ， Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek ，04/24/2000， p43注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 41. What is implied in the first paragraph?[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community[B]what it is like to be a gay.[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship3. The author‘s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.[A]scornful[B]satisfactory[C]supporting[D]objective4. In spite of his careful listening ， Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.[A]adopting the child[B]getting married[C]redefining hate crimes[D]employing the gays and lesbians5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文可以说是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称的身份讲述了十几个共和党人同总统候选人布什的会面，并就男女同性恋问题进行了探讨和交流。
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案下面是为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解真题，希望对大家有所帮助。
Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker，while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske，In fact women say they feel better a t wor k. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without，but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home， they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty muchknow what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthat ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析大家也做了题，也发现今年题目并没有传说中那么难，四篇阅读理解前面三篇中等，不是很难。
第四篇和法律有关的文章大家觉得有点难度。
我今年也去考试了，这就是我的证据。
但是我的反面抄了一些答案，当然有些监考不让抄答案，我很潦草地抄了一些，想看它的难度和我们平常所学的能否挂钩。
前三篇不难，第四篇难度和法律相关，有点像2013年的地四篇文章。
其实这篇文章我刚才查了一下原版出处是CNN里的，推翻了弗吉尼亚前州长贪污罪，他是无辜的。
都是英国美国文章居多。
美国有三篇文章。
第一篇是美国机场安检特别浪费时间。
今年特点是有七八个自然段，不是往年一样四五个自然段。
第一道题，这是一个力争题，往年考题也这么说，通过所谓关键词定位方法无效，一定要把握主要内容是讲什么。
这是讲我们目前为什么有必要进行严格的安全检查。
因为埃及航空公司受到了恐怖袭击，在地中海上空受到恐怖主义袭击。
所以现在要严格安检。
这道词选解释作用。
第二题是上面哪个能够解释为什么美国机场排队队伍很长很长。
这道题文章里给了好几个解释。
第一个原因是因为我们现在经济比较好，机票比较便宜，所以很多人愿意排队。
大家都愿意坐飞机，不愿意开车、不愿意坐火车。
导致排队队伍很长。
第二个原因是有些人要打包，第三段里说的，包裹需要检查，有些人打了好多包，为了逃避托运费。
导致排队比较长。
还有一个这里所说的安检效率降低。
但是我们按照前面的最重要的原因，还是因为美国政府没有注意到现在出行坐飞机的人增多了，导致速度减慢。
这是我们飞机出行人员增加。
23题是猜词题，我们不管上基础课、强化课还是单向课，有我的模糊阅读班，猜词题不能相信所谓构词法，按照EX这个单词是出去的意思。
这里EX给人错觉是出去的意思，但是根据上下文是希望安检越快越好。
【2017考研】考研英语阅读理解150篇(详解版)
目录Unit One---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 PartA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1Text1儿童教育和沟通结合-----------------------------------------------------------------1Text2克隆人和动物--------------------------------------------------------------------------6Text3太阳系内速度限制--------------------------------------------------------------------11Text4互联网和电脑等新型通讯技术的应用--------------------------------------------15 Part B盗窃--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20Part C撒谎--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（一）------------------------------------------------------29Unit Two----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Text1加拿大社会的劣质服务---------------------------------------------------------------32 Text2未来汽车---------------------------------------------------------------------------------36Text3广告业是美国经济的晴雨表---------------------------------------------------------41 Text4英国学业间断期------------------------------------------------------------------------46Part B生命进化历史---------------------------------------------------------------------------51Part C情感商机---------------------------------------------------------------------------------56翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（二）------------------------------------------------------60Unit Three--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63Text1美、加之间贸易摩擦------------------------------------------------------------------63 Text2现代人对维多利亚时代英国人的看法---------------------------------------------68 Text3探讨时尚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------72Text4基因检测法用于侦破案件------------------------------------------------------------76 Part B立法机构在制定法律过程中的作用------------------------------------------------81 Part C美国黑人文学---------------------------------------------------------------------------86翻译技巧补充：词义的选择----------------------------------------------------------------89Unit Four------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91Text1五大湖环境状况--------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Text2欧洲铁路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 Text3教师资格认证体系-----------------------------------------------------------------------99 Text4美国食品药品管理局面临的困难-----------------------------------------------------105 Part B网上商务-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------110 Part C物种灭绝-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------116翻译技巧补充：词义的抽象与具体---------------------------------------------------------119 Unit Five--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Part A-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text1鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗-----------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text2国际数学评估反映美国教育问题--------------------------------------------------------126 Text3美国经济不景气----------------------------------------------------------------------------131 Text4全国防止虐待儿童协会-------------------------------------------------------------------137 Part B经济学角度解决垃圾收集问题----------------------------------------------------------142 Part C个人发明和大企业组织的研究----------------------------------------------------------147翻译技巧补充：词性的转换---------------------------------------------------------------------151 Unit Six----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Part A--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Text1童工、教育和贫困--------------------------------------------------------------------------153 Text2加州能源管制--------------------------------------------------------------------------------158 Text3美国社会保障的私有化--------------------------------------------------------------------163 Text4现代美容手术的普及-----------------------------------------------------------------------167 Part B演讲--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------172 Part C幻听--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------177翻译技巧补充：词汇的增译和减译------------------------------------------------------------180 Unit Seven-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text1全球经济滞胀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text2印度妇女受到性别歧视----------------------------------------------------------------------189 Text3梦成现实----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------193 Text4新的教育体制观念----------------------------------------------------------------------------198 Part B优秀的领导者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Part C英国人是政治动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------208翻译技巧补充：重复译----------------------------------------------------------------------------211 Unit Eight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text1外表的美与内在的美--------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text2生态环境与恐怖主义--------------------------------------------------------------------------218 Text3网络信息安全性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------223 Text4北美印第安音乐--------------------------------------------------------------------------------228 Part BB为青春期的变化做准备---------------------------------------------------------------------232 Part C地球日--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------237翻译技巧补充：正义反译和反义正译-----------------------------------------------------------240 Unit Nine------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Text1美国解除飞机上使用手机的禁令-----------------------------------------------------------242 Text2环境预防原则-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------247 Text3索尼公司的管理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------253 Text4音乐与政治--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------258 Part B人类艺术与动物类似行为的区别----------------------------------------------------------263 Part C社会保障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------270翻译技巧补充：分译与合译-----------------------------------------------------------------------273 Unit Ten-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text1戏剧包含的要素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text2节省更多时间来工作的观念----------------------------------------------------------------280 Text3巴西足球运动事业现状----------------------------------------------------------------------286 Text4游戏领域女性工作人员很少----------------------------------------------------------------292 Part B面试----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297 Part C甘地的和平主义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------303翻译技巧补充：倒置法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------306 Unit Eleven--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Text1企业绿色外衣现象---------------------------------------------------------------------------308Text2音乐物质文化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------313Text3肥胖问题---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------317Text4美国在联合国欠费问题---------------------------------------------------------------------323Part B个人着装--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------327Part C年轻的作家模仿莎士比亚----------------------------------------------------------------333翻译技巧补充：插入法---------------------------------------------------------------------------336Unit Twelve-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text1新闻如何吸引读者--------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text2星际网络--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------343Text3荷兰艺术家及其作品-----------------------------------------------------------------------347Text4艾滋病最新治疗思路-----------------------------------------------------------------------352Part B成为成功的老板-----------------------------------------------------------------------------357Part C经济学史--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------363翻译技巧补充：重组法----------------------------------------------------------------------------365全书答案汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3682007年6月26日张剑曾鸣编著《英语阅读理解150篇》Unit OnePart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Not long after the telephone was invented,I assume,a call was placed.The caller was a parent saying,“your child is bullying my child,and I want it stopped!”The bully's parent replied,“you must have the wrong number.My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later,the conversation is the same.When children are teased or tyrannized,the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant.But these days,as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline,researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever.Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents,you want them to“extract the cruelty”from their bullying children,says Laura Kavesh,a child psychologist in Evanston,Illinois.“But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel.They won t believe it.”In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor,Washington,89%of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior.Yet only18%of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey,5%of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying.But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted,causing tempers to flare.Instead,they say,parents should get objective outsiders,like principals,to mediate.Meanwhile,if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying,listen without getting defensive.That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California,did when a caller told her that her then13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed,but the victim's mom“wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,”says McHugh,who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases.She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously.McHugh,founder of Parents Coach Kids,a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results.All were negative.Remember:once you make a call,you might not like what you hear.If you have an itchy dialing finger,resist temptation.Put it in your pocket.［419words］1.The word“bullying”probably means______.［A］frightening and hurting［B］teasing［C］behaving like a tyrant［D］laughing at2.Calling to a bully's parent.______.［A］has long existed but changed its content［B］is often done with careful thinking［C］often leads to blaming and misunderstanding［D］is used to warn the child not to do it again3.According to the surveys in the U.S.,_______.［A］bullying among adults is also rising［B］parents are not supervising their children well［C］parents seldom believe bullies［D］most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying4.When bullying occurs,parents should_______.［A］help the bulling child get rid of cruelty［B］resort to the mediator［C］avoid getting too protective［D］resist the temptation of callingura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.［A］her son confessed to being wrong［B］she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent［C］he was likely to be affected by these diseases［D］she wanted to teach her own son a lesson核心词汇blow away*①to completely surprise sb.,to affect intensely;overwhelm使大为惊讶；强烈影响，征服例：That concert blew me away.音乐会震撼了我。
2017考研英语阅读理解模拟题(五)及答案：管理学类
2017考研英语阅读理解模拟题（五）及答案：管理学类The main idea of these business schools is appealing.In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition ，it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder.Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas.How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?Many bosses would love to have an answer.SumantraGhoshal of the LondonBusiness School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one ：“Employability”。
If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance ，and change their attitude towards their underlings ，they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job —even if it is with a different company.Unfortunately ，they promise more than they deliver.Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should achieve are hard to quarrel with ：encourage people to be creative ，make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of thebusiness that can make the most of them ，keep the organization from getting stale and so forth.The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment.At its nub is the notion that companiescan attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers ，and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine. The authors offer a few inspiring examples of companies ——they includeMotorola ， 3M and ABB —that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations.But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it ，and leave the biggest questions unanswered.How do you continuously train people ，without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while stillencouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value ，and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous ，and when they are not they are unconvincing.1. We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee____.[A]had job security and opportunity of promotion[B]had to compete with each other to keep his job[C]had to undergo training all the time[D]had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder2. According to Christopher Bartlett what will improve“employability”?[A] Ability to lay out one‘s talents to employers.[B]Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.[C] Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.[D]Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.3. What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?[A] Very instructive.[B] Very inspiring.[C] Hard to implement.[D] Quite harsh.4. In their work ，Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss____.[A]changes in business organizations[B]contracts between employers and employees[C]employment situation[D]management ideas5.This passage seems to be a(n)____ .[A]book review[B]advertisement[C]news report[D]research paper核心词汇appealing adj.吸引人的sparkle v.(使)闪耀reassure vt.使恢复信心stale adj.陈腐的implicit adj.暗示的。
2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案（5）
2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案（5）店铺考研网为大家提供2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案(5)，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案(5)Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever morecunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or justplain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the scienceof conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists haveyet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun tocome close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligentgizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence hasremoved much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assemblyarms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us withmechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled bytireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization ofelectronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that canperform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy — far greaterprecision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make atleast a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose areal challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says DaveLavery, manager of a robotic s program at NASA, “we can't yet give arobot enough‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamicworld.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced verymixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s whenit appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copythe action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begunto extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the humanbrain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and humanperception far more complicated —than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognizethe error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlledfactory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing sceneand immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneouslyfocusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the singlesuspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earthcan't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quitehow we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D]the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means[A]programs. [B]experts. [C]devices. [D]creatures.28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is todesign a robot that can[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B]interact with human beings verbally.[C]have a little common sense.[D]respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also[A]make a few decisions for themselves.[B]deal with some errors with human intervention.[C]improve factory environments.[D]cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are[A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevantinformation.[D]best used in a controlled environment.名师解析26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人类的创造性最初表现在[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction. 用机器来创作科幻小说。
考研英语阅读理解模拟题（历史学）
考研英语阅读理解模拟题（历史学）考研英语是个非常独特的考试，考研英语考的并不是你的英语水平有多好，而是你多会做考研英语的卷子，以下是为大家分享的考研英语阅读理解模拟题(历史学)，供大家参考借鉴，欢迎浏览!Half the game is 90 percent mental，“ Yogi Berra once said，or something like that， and science is now getting around to putting his aphorism to the test. Researchers including Debbie Crews of Arizona State University and John Milton of the University of Chicago have been studying patterns of brain activation——not in baseball players but in golfers， who make better subjects because they don't move around as much and the electrodes stay stuck to their heads. Yogi might have been surprised by the researchers' conclusion， though： the better the golfer， the less brain activity he shows in the seconds before he makes his shot.Crews， a sports psychologist who studies putting——even the minimal agitation of a chip shot can upset her experimental apparatus——has found that a key difference between amateurs and pros lies in the left hemisphere. This is the seat of logic，analysis， verbal reasoning and the kinds of thoughts——Maybe I should just kind of squinch over a little more to the left——that you never imagine crossing Tiger Woods's mind. Professionals，once they've determined how to make a shot，follow an invariable routine that renders conscious thought unnecessary. “How you think is probably more important than what you think，” Crews says. “Quieting the left hemisphere is really critical.”Or， to put it another way， when Milton asked some LPGA golfers what they thought about just before taking a shot， theyanswered： nothing. To test this， he rounded up a half-dozen pros and an equal number of amateurs and had them imagine making a specific shot——a wedge shot of 100 yards to the green，with no wind——while monitoring their brains in a functional magnetic resonance imaging machine. “The professionals are just much more specialized and efficient，” Milton says. “You put in a quarter and you get your shot.” The amateurs， by contrast， showed more total brain activation，involving more areas of the brain. In particular，amateurs activated the basal ganglia——involved in learning motor functions——and the basal forebrain and amygdala，responsible for， among other functions，emotions. “They're not fearful or anxious，” Milton says，“but they get overwhelmed by details，by the memories of all the shots they've missed in the past.” Some of his subjects worried about hitting the ball into the water， which was curious， because he hadn't even mentioned a water hazard in describing the imaginary shot to them.Professional athletes， as a rule， know how to keep focus，although there are exceptions，like Chuck Knoblauch，the Yankee second baseman who suddenly lost the ability to make a routine throw to first base. Milton is already trying to apply these lessons to stroke and other rehabilitation patients who have to relearn skills like walking；he recommends putting more emphasis on visualization and improving mental focus. In many aspects of life，it seems，half the game really is 90 percent mental.注（1）：本文选自Newsweek； 6/2/2003， p14；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 4（个别题目顺序加以调整）；1. The views of Yogi Berra and researchers including Crews and Milton are ________.[A]similar[B]identical[C]opposite[D]complementary2. We can learn from the text that the difference between pros and amateurs lies in_______.[A]the activity of the left hemisphere[B]the way of their thinking[C]the ability to control one‘s brain[D]the ability to forget the past failures3. Tiger Woods， according to the text， is probably ________.[A]a professional golf player[B]a professional baseball player[C]a sports psychologist[D]a researcher4. What is the key to the success of golfers according to the text？[A]Not to think of anything related to your past losses.[B]To be more specialized and efficient.[C]Try to activate your whole brain.[D]Quiet your left hemisphere and think of nothing.5. What can we learn from the last paragraph？[A]What the researchers have found proves Yogi Berra‘s words.[B]Baseball player should do as Yogi Berra said.[C]Mentality plays a very important role in many aspects of life.[D]Sports and medicine share some common principles. 答案：CADBC1.2017考研英语阅读理解模拟题2.2016考研英语阅读理解模拟题3.2015年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及解析4.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案5.考研英语阅读理解技巧全解6.2018考研英语阅读理解复习技巧7.2017考研英语（一）阅读理解深度分析8.关于考研英语阅读理解如何拿高分9.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案10.2016年考研英语一阅读理解答案。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案（2017）
引导语：为了帮助⼤家更好地准备考研，以下是百分⽹店铺为⼤家整理的2017考研英语⼀阅读真题及答案，欢迎阅读! Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to______. [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide [B] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks [C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. Airports [D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection 【答案】B 【解析】答案为B。
2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案（17）
2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案（17）店铺考研网为大家提供2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案(17)，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语阅读理解冲刺模拟试题及答案(17)I had two routine checkups last week，and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to update my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they're taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.On each history，however，the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic，but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL，or bad cholesterol，my doctor should know that，because I'm probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer， my sister (if I had one) would want her physician to be especially vigilant.While I know something about the history of my parents' health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease，and my mother died of lung cancer-there's plenty I don't know. What were my parents' cholesterol numbers and blood pressures?I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can't swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents，whose genes I also have， I'm even more in the dark.That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona，the U.S. Surgeon General，only about a third of Americans have even tried to put together a family-health history. That's why he has launched the Family History Initiative anddeclared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you're supposed to be giving thanks for everything that's going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway， it's a perfect time to create a medical family tree.And the Surgeon General is making it easy：if you go to /familyhistory，you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families，which ones you should be most and least worried about， and what to do if， like me， your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait， which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.The website insists the software is “fun”， but that may be going a bit far. In any case，it's available only for Windows machines， so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It's worth it， though， since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.注(1)：本文选自Time; 11/22/2004， p100;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象为2005年真题T ext 1;1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] explaining a phenomenon.[D] making a comparison.2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can't swear to that.” (Line 4，Paragraph 3) implies that[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.[D] it's uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.3. Family health report is very important because[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.[B] you should print out your family's medical history.[C] you should gather your family's medical history.[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] The software is fun enough.[B] Family medical tree shouldn't be neglected.[C] The software is not available anywhere.[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.答案：C B A C B。
2017考研冲刺 考研英语英语阅读理解满分研究(超全精华资料)
2017考研冲刺考研英语英语阅读理解满分研究目录1考研阅读之倚天屠龙篇--------考研阅读心理学2考研阅读之九阴真经篇--------阅读应试理论3考研阅读之盘龙云海篇---------考研阅读潜在命题点的挖掘4考研阅读之射雕英雄篇—————最新阅读练习精选5考研阅读笑傲江湖篇—————最新考题全真测试的，符合“难的是解”“忽视是解”“neglect 是解”“ignore是解”“expect是解”“speculate是解”“suspect是解”“overlook是解”“overestimate是解”“like是解”“dislike是解”…二选一，50%概率求解的方法：“反义项，解在其中”“形似项，解在其中”“近义项，解在其中”实战出真知，技巧是从大量试题中总结出来的，要想真正掌握技巧，那就要去实战中去。
请大家继续阅读本书，当您读完本书后，再重读本篇，体会一下是否对此有更深入的理解？是否有新的感觉？十三、万无一失的答题方法*从正面解题，抓住文章的中心思想，掌握文章的脉络结构，明查文章的细枝末节。
*从反面验证解的合理性，及命题的合理性，避开陷阱，排除隐患。
*不但要知道哪一个是解，解对在那里，而且还要知道其余三个非解选项（即干扰项）错在什么地方。
如果您能够做到以上三个方面，（注意此三者并无因定顺序，尤其是在答题遇到不顺利的情况下），那您才真正达到高手做题的那种与世无争、独孤求败的境界。
这与其说是方法，不如说是境界，没有非凡的阅读能力，只能是纸上谈兵。
如果您现在没有此能力，不要着急，那就请您将它看作是您今后奋斗的目标，催人奋进的动力。
继续第一部分考研阅读之倚天屠龙篇------------考研阅读心理学最好的精神食粮出人头地、实现自我价值的抱负，坚忍不拔、苦中作乐的毅力，非凡的智慧、“宁静以致远”的心态和独孤求败的必胜信念，是考研最好的精神食粮。
剑未出，意先至，降龙伏虎。
成功者在从千军万马中杀将出来的成功者中，有的是大学一毕业的就考研、占有天时之利的应届生，有的是屡战屡败、屡败屡战的“老运动员”，还有的是辞去公职、孤注一掷的考研勇士，还有的是为摆脱不幸婚姻羁绊、改变不良生活环境苦心孤诣的拓荒者。
2017年考研英语模拟阅读五-考研模拟及答案解析
2017年考研英语模拟阅读五PassageIn 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one's pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchasesof equipment and draught animals encouraged.Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later. Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people.1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because .A) the government greatly encouraged peasantsB) rains favored the growth of cotton。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading toDr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting themedical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, anyThe definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图⽚，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“⼩贝头”注：Beckham是英国⾜球明星有两张照⽚，⼀张照⽚上有⼀位男⼠脸上写着⾜球明星的名字，另⼀张照⽚上有⼀个男⼦在理发，他要求理发师为他设计⼀个⼩贝克汉姆的发型。
2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(五)
2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（五）阅读理解原文To date ， over 1 billion Barbie dolls have been sold. The average American girl aged between three and 11 owns a staggering ten Barbie dolls ， according to Mattel ， the American toy giant. An Italian or British girl owns seven; a French or German girl ， five. The Barbie brand is worth some $2 billion ——a little ahead of Armani ， just behind the Wall Street Journal ——making it the most valuable toy brand in the world ， according to Interbrand ， a consultancy. How is it that this impossibly proportioned ， charmless toy has endured in an industry notorious for whimsical fad and fickle fashion?Part of Barbie's appeal is that she has become ， according to Christopher Varaste ， a historian of Barbie ， “the face of the American dream ”。
Barbie is not a mere toy ， nor product category ： she is an icon. Quite how she became one is hotly debated among the Barbie sorority. Some think she answers an innate girlish desire for fantasy ， role-playing and dressing-up. Others believe that Mattel has simply manipulated girls' aspirations to that end.Either way ， wrapped up in her pouting lips and improbable figure ——buxom breasts ， wafer-thin waist and permanently arched feet waiting to slip into a pair of high heels ——is an apparently enduring statement of aspiration and western aesthetic. She is ， according to M.G. Lord ， who has written a biography of Barbie ， “the most potent icon of American popular culture in the late twentieth century.” Officialdom has recognised Barbie's iconic status. The Americans included a Barbiedoll in the 1976 bicentennial time capsule. Earlier this year ， the American government buried her in a “women's health ” time capsule ， alongside a pair of forceps and a girdle. As an emblem of Americana she is subject to pastiche ， derision and political statement. Andy Warhol made a portrait of Barbie ， the Campbell's soup of toy brands. An exhibition in London earlier this year displayed “Suicide Bomber Barbie ” by Simon Tyszko ， a British artist. Her hair was blonde ， her hair ribbon red ， and around her slender waist was wrapped a belt of explosives ， attached to a detonator held daintily in her hand.Barbie has not colonised girls' imaginations by accident. Mattel has dedicated itself to promoting Barbie as “a lifestyle ， not just a toy ”。
(完整版)2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题(二)及答案：理学类
考研 VIP 只为更出众2017 年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（二）及答案：理学类It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process thatuses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect onits living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals，for example，gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight，but at the cost ofrequiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals，withtheir relatively low metabolic rates，can survive well on a sporadic food supply，but can gen- erate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If onlyoxidative metabolic rate is considered，there- fore，one might assume thatsmaller ， more active，animals could prey on larger ones，at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis，the great equalizer.Anaerobic glcolysis is a process in which energy is produced，withoutoxygen ， through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid andadenosine tri- phosphate (ATP)，the energy provider. The amount of energy thatcan be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present-inall vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles' wet weight. Thus the anaerobicenergy reserves of a verte- brate are proportional to the size of the animal. If，for example，some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur，normallytorpid，the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously，via anaerobic glycolysis，the energy of 3，000 humans at maximum oxidativemetabolic energy production. This explains how many large species havemanaged to compete with their more active neighbors：the compensation for a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.There are limitations，however，to this compensa- tion. The glycogenreserves of any animal are good，at most，for only about two minutes at maximum effort，after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source ofenergy remains. With the conclusion of a burst of activity，the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids，leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until theacid is reconverted，via oxidative metabolism，by the liver into glucose，which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resyn- thesis. Duringthis process the enormous energy debt that the animal has run up throughanaerobic glycolysis must be repaid， a debt that is proportionally much greaterfor the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew canreplace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort，for example，the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem thatthis inter- minably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a gravedisadvantage for survival. Fortunately，muscle glycogen is used only whenneeded and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times ofpanic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.1. What is the text mainly about?。
2017年考研英语二阅读真题附答案发布【5】
2017年考研英语二阅读真题附答案发布【5】Text 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialist in fire ecology and management。
In 2015， the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。
In effect，fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation， watershed and cultural resources management，and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans。
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。
As Moritz puts it， how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country，” he says。
2017年历史学考研-真题详细解答
2017年历史学考研-真题详细解答作者：凯程陆老师，有问题找我一、2017年统考真题世界史部分解析从难易程度来说，今年统考，世界史部分的题目难度并不算太大，但是有几个题目相对较偏。
不过对文都教育的学员来说，还是有很多内容都是我们历次课程中讲过的内容，有的题目多次强调过。
总体来说，今年全国统考真题命题思路比较偏，并没有体现近年来世界历史学术研究的关注重点，这说明全国统考的路真的是越走越窄了。
选择题，基本上都是考察的基础知识和常识问题。
多次强调过的内容有图特摩斯三世、乌尔纳姆法典、马可奥勒略、绿衣大食、海地革命，常识性的内容有双城记、斯宾格勒、克隆羊。
另外两个则比较偏，阿兹特克印第安人这个题目还算在正常范围内的知识点。
《济物浦条约》这个题目出得不好，考察朝鲜历史上的一个偏门知识，可以说毫无道理，纯粹是为了难度而难度。
名词解释总体来说都比较偏，基本上都不是同学们平时复习的重点。
卢卡会议这道题还是非常有难度的，这是罗马共和国后期前三头之间的一次重要会议。
虽然罗马共和国后期的历史变迁是一个非常重要的知识，但是这道题考的点还是太小了，所以并不是一个很好的题目。
北方战争是1700-1721年俄国为打通向波罗的海的出海口而与瑞典进行的争夺战争。
这场战争在俄国历史上和近代国际关系历史上都是比较重要的，所以还不算太偏。
罗莎卢森堡是德国社会民主党左派斯巴达克团的领导人之一。
以前的中学教科书上都有相关介绍。
不过，近些年来，国际社会主义运动已经逐渐淡出学术圈的视野，这次考试却反其道而行之，实际上反映了意识形态领域的某些动向。
水门事件，这个名词解释就非常简单了，美国共和党政府在1972年总统选举活动中的非法活动暴露后的政治丑闻。
命题者可能是结合今年美国大选而出的一道应景之题吧！同样体现了咱们对于美国大选关注的某些并不准确的印象。
不过从知识点的角度来说。
史料分析题，材料是恩格斯的两段话，主要是恩格斯对19世纪末期国际局势和国际关系以及世界历史发展趋势的判断和预测。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2017考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（五）Europe is often one of the first places people think of when racism is discussed. From the institutionalized racism ， especially in colonial times ， when racial beliefs —even eugenics —were not considered something wrong ， to recent times where the effects of neo-Nazism is still felt. Europe is a complex area with many cultures in a relatively small area of land that has seen many conflicts throughout history. (Note that most of these conflicts have had trade and resource access at their core ， but national identities have often added fuel to some of these conflicts.)Racism has also been used to justify exploitation ， even using “pseudo-science ”。
Debates over the origins of racism often suffer from a lack of clarity over the term. Many conflate recent forms of racism with earlier forms of ethnic and national conflict. In most cases ethnic-national conflict seems to owe to conflict over land and strategic resources. In some cases ethnicity and nationalism were harnessed to wars between great religious empires (for example ， the Muslim Turks and the Catholic Austro-Hungarians)。
As Benedict Anderson has suggested in Imagined Communities ， ethnic identity and ethno-nationalism became a source of conflict within such empires with the rise of print-capitalism.In its modern form ， racism evolved in tandem with European exploration and conquest of much of the rest of the world ， and especially after Christopher Columbus reached the Americas. As new peoples were encountered ， fought ， and ultimately subdued ， theories about “race ” began to develop ， and these helped many to justify the differences in position and treatment of people whom theycategorized as belonging to different races.Another possible source of racism is the misunderstanding of Charles Darwin ‘s theories of evolution. Some took Darwin ’s theories to imply that since some “races ” were more civilized ， there must be a biological basis for the difference. At the same time they appealed to biological theories of moral and intellectual traits to justify racial oppression. There is a great deal of controversy about race and intelligence ， in part because the concepts of both race and IQ are themselves controversies.A short review from the Inter Press Service highlights the rise of neo-Nazism in 2000 in Europe and suggests that “far from being a fringe activity ， racism ， violence and neo-nationalism have become normal in some communities. The problems need to be tackled much earlier ， in schools and with social programs.” Ethnic minorities and different cultures in one country can often be used as a scapegoat for the majority during times of economic crisis. That is one reason why Nazism became so popular.In France ， May 2002， the success of far right politician Le Pen in the run for leadership (though he lost out in the end) sent a huge shockwave throughout Europe ， about how easy it was for far right parties to come close to getting power if there is complacency in the democratic processes and if participation is reduced. In various places throughout Western Europe ， in 2002， as Amnesty International highlights ， there has been a rise in racist attacks and sentiments against both Arabs and Jews ， in light of the increasing hostilities in the Middle East.In 1997， Human Rights Watch noted that ，“The U.K. has one of the highest levels of racially-motivated violence and harassment in Western Europe ， and the problem is getting worse.” In April 1999， London saw two bombs explode in predominantly ethnic minority areas where a Nazi group has claimed responsibility. The summer of 2001 saw many race-related riots in various parts of northern England.Greece has one of the worst records in the European Union for racism against ethnic minorities ， according to the BBC. Anti-immigrant sentiment has long been high ， especially against ethnic Albanians ， who form the largest minority. Until the 1990s ， the BBC notes ， Greece had been an extremely homogenous society. With the fall of communism many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to Greece. Albanians especially have been targeted by a lot of racist sentiment. Some hostage taking by a few Albanians in recent years has not helped the situation.1. What does the author mainly talk about?[A] Racism in the world.[B] Racism in the western world.[C] Racism in Europe.[D] Racism in the countries other than the western world.2. When did the theories about race begin to develop?[A] After “the New World” was discovered.[B] After the USA was established.[C] Before the First World War.[D] During the colonial times.3. According to the author what is the second possible source of racism?[A] The colonial people began to be ultimately subdued.[B] The misunderstanding of Darwinism.[C] The development of human beings.[D] None of the above.4. One of the reasons that Nazism became very popular is that.[A] ethnic minorities have small impact in the whole world[B] various cultures cannot so-exist harmoniously[C] ethnic minorities and different cultures are used as a scapegoat for the majority during times of economic crisis[D] none of the above5. Which country in the EU has the worst record for racism against ethnic minorities?[A] The United Kingdom[B] Greece[C] Albania[D] Australia[疑难长句翻译与注解]1. Europe is often one of the first places people think of when racism is discussed.[译文]当讨论到种族主义问题时，欧洲通常是第一个被想到的地方。