2012大学英语四级模拟题(备考最佳选择)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题仿真卷4(含解析).pdf
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题仿真卷4 第一部分 听力理解(共30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1.What did the man win in his dream? A.A holiday. B.A new car. C.Some money. 2.Will the woman come to the party? A.Maybe. B.No. C.Certainly. 3.How long has the woman been an author? A.About 30 years. B.About 40 years. C.About 70 years. 4.What does the woman want? A.A radio. B.Some pens. C.Some batteries. 5.What is the woman doing? A.Asking for information. B.Asking for an apology. C.Asking for help. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面6段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题。
听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6,7题。
6.How many coats does the woman want? A.25. B.30. C.50. 7.What is the order number for gloves? A.P25G5. B.P26T5. C.P28D5. 听第7段材料,回答第8,9题。
2012年12月大学英语四级试题模拟试卷一答案解析
Part I Writing参考范文Will phones kill letter writing?Today ,with the quick pace of life ,people ,especially young people ,usually do not have as much time to write letters as before.They communicate with each other through the electric line.They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing.But I don’t think it is the case.It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone.However ,letter writing makes people think clearly.When a person writes ,he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically.In addition ,letters give you a chance to read them again.Isn‘t it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends?Isn’t it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?So if you have time ,write a letter right now ,and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)原文精译动物的运动除了缺少剧情音乐之外,这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景:一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着,尾巴就像钟摆一样来回地摆动。
2012.12cet4考题:英语四级测试阅读模拟考题
2012.12cet4考题:英语四级测试阅读模拟考题Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.精品 2012年英语四级备考资料高清名师精品课程推荐2012年英语四级报考指南历年英语四级真题汇总For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert RaceWhen 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Department’s firstmillion-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvania’s Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees(热爱者), however, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this year’s race, dubbed(被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturday’s Grand Challenge. The 175-mile(282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last year’s run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.“When the first team out of the chute(斜道)—Mojavaton, a small team out of Colorado—made it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special,” said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate indangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harm’s way.A U.S. Congress mandate(训令)requires thatone-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweetening its offer with the two-million-dollar purse.None of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this year’s race. DARPA won’t reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course-including a steel—enforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicle’s global positioning system—are made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computer’s brain has to figure out howto resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road.“Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store,” Kurjanowicz said. “These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver.”Among the top contenders in Saturday’s race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine corps.In last year’s race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.“We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn that’s equivalent to that of a Humvee,” he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the othercompetitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg(小桶)stuck on the back and an on-off switch that says “brain.”“Most of the schools and organizations we’re up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles,” said team leader Chris “C.J.” Pedersen, a former actor. “Our [vehicle] is a custom-built, 21st-century hot rod... complete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side.”Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒)over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last year’s race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldn’t find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages.“We’re smaller and go a lot more places,” hesaid while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. “We’re also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys’ machines.”Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut this week’s qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot—or the Ragin’ Cajun—a converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturday’s race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at California’s Stanford University. It was the only vehicl e that didn’t hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPA’s Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.“The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesn’t tell people how to solve the problem,” he said. “The community has come up with its own elegantsolutions.”1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.2. Last year’s robot race in Nevada was a great success.3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this year’s race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this week’s qualifying races.7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the ________________.9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is ________________.10. The only vehicle that didn’t hit an obstacle in the trial runs is ________________.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming andScanning)1. N 本题考察文章的大意,可在做完后面9题后再解答。
2012级+四级听力模拟题
2012级 四级听力训练 20. 20. A) Buying a pair of gloves. A) Buying a pair of gloves. B) Buying a scarf. C) Choosing a necklace. D) Choosing something nice and expensive. 21. 21. A) Some cosmetics. A) Some cosmetics. B) Some jewelry. C) Some candy. D) Some stylish clothes. 22. 22. A) To use a credit card for payment. A) To use a credit card for payment. B) To choose a suitable greeting card for him. C) To put in a greeting card with the gift. D) To get the present wrapped up. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. 23. A) Work. A) Work. B) Study. C) Eat dinner. D) See a movie. 24. 24. A) Working. A) Working. B) Studying. C) Dancing. D) Eating. 25. 25. A) To complain about school. A) To complain about school. B) To explain working hours. C) To request help in finding books. D) To set a time to meet again. Section B: Passages (10 points) Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. 26. A) Every other day. A) Every other day. B) Twice a week. C) Twice a day. D) Only during the summer. 27. 27. A) The heat of the sun. A) The heat of the sun. B) The pull of the sun and the moon. C) The shape of the moon. D) The light of the moon. 28. 28. A) The moon is directly over it. A) The moon is directly over it. B) The moon disappears over the horizon. C) There is no tide. D) There is a low tide. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. 29. A) Visiting friends. A) Visiting friends. B) Taking pictures. C) Buying presents for his family. D) All of the above. 30. 30. A) A shirt. A) A shirt. B) An alarm clock. C) A woolen sweater. D) A suitcase. 31. 31. A) Because he forgot one of his suitcases. A) Because he forgot one of his suitcases. B) Because he was asked to get off. C) Because he wanted to go out to smoke. D) Because he had lost his passport. 32. 32. A) Alarm clocks are not allowed on board a plane. A) Alarm clocks are not allowed on board a plane. B) The man had a time bomb in his suitcase. C) The ticking of the alarm clock caused him a little trouble. D) The airline official and the police officer played a joke on him. skilled at enjoying the present are often (36) ______________ as "living in the moment." There are two ways of being in the moment, says Jay Koch, a (37)_______________worker and counselor. "One is block out all thoughts and (38) ________________ on an external task, like, say, hitting a golf ball. Another is to det oneself from one's thoughts (39) _______________ negative thoughts in order to achieve a state of (40)____________ The key to more fully experiencing the moment you're in is the ability to relax. Which isn't (41) ________________Koch says setting aside 10 minutes a day to spend alone, in (42) _____________, is the first step. "Then just sit breathe, and each time you exhale, focus your attention on your exhaling breath. As you become (43)_____________ "Observe your thoughts, but don't allow them to stay with you. (44) ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________." Koch says studies have shown that (45) ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. "This, in turn, helps create the state of mind that allows you to more fully experience the moment," he says. (46) "_ ______________________________________________________________________________________________.”To a great degree, mental health is related to how well you manage your emotions. This (36)________________ bot yourself as well as feeling good about interactions with your family, friends, (37) ______________, is (38)________________ (38)________________ (38)________________ human. of (39) (39) (39) _______________sorrow. _______________sorrow. Emotional adjustment also contributes to (40) ________________ an evenness through the ups and downs of life withou the (41) _______________ of experiencing continual (42) _________________ highs and/or lows. Emotions also warn us of danger and give us a way to express and receive love and (43) _______________, as well as anger and sorrow. (44) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________. This person can prescribe treatment that usually __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Others have somehow learned that we should not even have emotions about certain events. (46) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________. 31. 31. A) The invention of machines. A) The invention of machines. B) The invention of the alphabet. C) The invention of rockets. D) The invention of agriculture. 32. 32. A) They spent all their time looking for food. A) They spent all their time looking for food. B) Men had to go out hunting but women didn't. C) Women stayed at home and looked after the animals. D) They kept animals and killed them for food. Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. 33. A) About 10,000°A) About 10,000°F . B) About 20,000,000F°F . C) About 2,000,000°F . D) About 20,000°F . 34. 34. A) Masses. A) Masses. B) Molten lava. C) Gasses. D) Unknown substances. 35. 35. A) It's a well-known fact. A) It's a well-known fact. B) It's a common assumption. C) It's an unfounded theory. D) It’s a scientific belief. Section C Compound Dictation (10 points)I I asked successful people what asked successful people what the secret of their success was. was. I I I (36) (36) (36) ___________an early ___________an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. "Oh, I just keep a To Do List," he said. I passed over that quickly, little (37) _____the importance of what he said. I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with a businessman who (38) _____________ owned the town was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five (39) ________________companies, and had his hand in dozen other enterprise. I asked him how he (40)_________________ to get everything done. "Oh, that's easy. " he said. keep a To Do List." The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to (41) ________________ day. He would (42)______________ the items in (43) ____________. During the day he would cross off items and a others as they occurred to him. In the evening (44) _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. His goal was to cross off every single item. (45) ________________________________________________________________________________________, the To Do List has come up. I have found that one difference between people at the top of the ladder and people bottom is that (46) _________________________________________________________________________________. 。
2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一试题册
2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。
1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向许多人寻求建议和帮助。
Choosing an Occupation___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.DepressionDepression is a common type of mental disorder — most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly. Confusion about depression is commonplace: for example, about what depression is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression that people may experience. There have been so many terms used to describe this set of feelings we‟ve all felt at one time or another in our lives, to one degree or another, that it is time to set the record straight.1. Types of DepressionDepressive disorders come in different forms, just as other illnesses such as heart disease. This passage briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence.Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime.A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives.Another type of depression is bipolar disorder, which is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they aregradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase may feel elated and full of grand schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees.2. Symptoms of DepressionDepression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few symptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time.·Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood·Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism·Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness·Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed·Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down”·Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions·Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping·Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain·Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts·Restlessness, irritability·Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain3. Risk Factors of DepressionWhile depression can strike anyone at any time, research has identified several factors associated with an increased risk for depression:Family History —Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression.Early Childhood Experience — Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression.Stress — Negative life events, such as divorce, loss of a loved one or loss of employment are associated with increased depression. Research shows that chronic stresses (such as illness, lack of social support and numerous “daily hassles”) are also linked to depression.Alcohol —Depression and alcoholism is often seen in the same patients at the same time. Alcohol is a depressant drug and its presence in a depressed person has serious implications for treatment outcome.Residence —Depression seems to be higher in urban residents than in rural residents. In fact, one study found that depression was twice as common among city dwellers as among those who lived in rural areas.Marital Status —Depression is highest among divorced, separated, or co-habitating people. It is lowest among single and married people. People living alone have higher rates of depression than those living with others do.Work Status — Research shows that people unemployed for six months or more in the last five years had a rate of depression three times that of the general population.Physical Illness —Certain physical illnesses are associated with depression, such as thyroid disorder, hormonal imbalances, chronic viral infections, cancer and heart diseases.Gender — It is estimated that one out of every four women and one out of every ten men experience some type of depression during their lifetime. While women suffer from depression more often and attempt suicide more frequently, men are more successful in their suicide attempts. Women also suffer from unique forms of depression related to their unique biology and life experiences.Age — Most people experience their first episode of depression between the ages of 20 and 40. In fact, the average age of onset of depression is the mid-20s. Alarmingly, recent research shows that the average age of onset is decreasing with each generation. Children, adolescents and elderly persons often display unique symptoms of depression and have specific stressful events that predispose them to depression.Ethnic and cultural groups — The World Health Organization named depression the fourth most devastating illness in the world today and predicted that it would become the second ranked illness by 2020. No ethnic or cultural group is immune. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, ethnic and cultural differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment.Tobacco — Increased tobacco use has been noted in depressed persons and individuals with underlying or current depressive symptoms are likely to experience mood disturbances when they attempt to quit.4. Treatments for DepressionFortunately, there are many effective treatment options for depression. To be most effective, treatment should be specifically tailored to each individual. That is why a detailed interview by a mental health professional is extremely valuable. Established treatments for depression may include:·antidepressant medications·psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy” or “counseling”)All of these treatments have been shown to treat depression successfully. The choice of treatment will be determined by several factors, including the type and severity of depression, by previous treatment history, and patient preference. A combination of medications and psychotherapy is used to treat most patients, although mild forms of depression may be treated with psychotherapy alone.Effective treatment is based on an accurate assessment, which identifies the causes of depression in any person. Usually depression is a result of biological, psychological and social factors, and an effective treatment plan is one that identifies all of these and develops strategies to reduce their frequency and intensity.注意:此部分试题1—7选择题部分请用2B铅笔涂到答题卡2上,8—10填空题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年12月英语四级考前预测3套题+答案!
2012年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition one topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市,有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的大问题有……3. 我对这种现象的想法City ProblemsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New OrleansAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated (毁坏)city, one question is whether to wall off—or work with—the water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, scientists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, that's bound to change, says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster, he says, it's that 'now we've got a clean slate to start from."Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly below sea level, keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Venice's long-standing adaptations, say it's best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence—a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the options can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildingsand highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal."We can't say for sure until this job is done," says Day, "but the emerging picture is exactly what we've predicted for years." Namely, several canals—including the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s—have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the city's eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. "One of the first things we'll see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal," predicts Day, "which could take a couple of years."The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be shored up further in the months to come, although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile dam system, much like a storm surge barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone.After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 (now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project). Wetland restoration was a key component. "It's one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses," says Day, who chaired its scientific advisory committee.Although the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. "The results are as good as we could have hoped," he says, with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per year—enough to offset rising sea levels, says Day.Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his ph.D. at LSU: shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he says, "so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem?" The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level "in 50 to 60 years," he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts. Boumans even takes it a step further: "You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float."Whether that is technically or politically feasible—Day, for one, calls it "not likely" —remains to be seen, especially because until now, the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there, and where. "there may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return," says Bill Good, an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Survey's Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, "Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude." Every level of government is sure to be involved, and "the process is likely to be ad hoc."Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have "a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions," says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. "I hope that we don't let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the rush to rebuild the city:"1. The passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Two examples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.3. The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.4. The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.5. The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.6. The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland restoration.7. The plan of Coast 2050 will get billions of federal funding.8. New Orleans will likely sink ________________ by 2100.9. Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment________________.10. How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also ________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The man doesn't want to see Mr. Williams.[B] Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.[C] Mr. Jones used to be in charge.[D] Mr. Williams doesn't want to see the man.12. [A] They need to make more efforts. [C]The others have done the greater part of it.[B] She felt a bit annoyed. [D] They've finished more than half of it.13. [A] She felt very sorry. [C] She was in a hurry.[B] She felt a bit annoyed. [D] She was surprised.14. [A] The knife belongs to him. [C] The man once borrowed Bob's knife.[B] Bob should mind his own business. [D] Bob's knife isn't as good as that of the man.15. [A] He'll miss the meeting that afternoon. [C] He won't miss the meeting.[B] He can't have an appointment with the host. [D] He is a hardworking man.16. [A] Because she didn't fulfill her promise.[B] Because her mother would be very angry.[C] Because she can't finish the job ahead of schedule.[D]Because she would be the last to finish the job.17. [A] He always talks on the phone for that long if it's toll free.[B] They had so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.[C] They talked on the phone for too long.[D] He wants to know what they talked about.18. [A] At a restaurant. [C] In the office.[B] At the cinema. [D] At a department store.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] He is a teacher of English in Cambridge. [C] He is a consultant to a Scottish company.[B] He is a specialist in computer science. [D] He is a British tourist to China.20. [A] 22℃ [C] 25℃[B] 23℃ [D] 34℃21. [A] With an English family. [C] With a language teacher.[B] In a flat near the college. [D] In a student dormitory.22. [A] Certain things cannot be learned from books.[B] Foreign students had better live on campus.[C] Choice of where to live varies from person to person.[D] British families usually welcome foreign students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Ways to determine the age of a fossil. [C] A comparison of two shellfish fossils.[B] The identity of a fossil the woman found. [D] Plans for a field trip to look for fossils.24. [A] He has never seen a fossil that old. [C] It is probably a recent specimen.[B] It could be many millions of years old. [D] He will ask the lab how old it is.25. [A] Take it to class. [C] Take it to the lab.[B] Put it in her collection. [D] Leave it with her professor.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] She didn't want to be a typist. [C] She was not enthusiastic about typing.[B] She was not energetic enough to do the job. [D] She never went to a university.27. [A] Because nobody wanted to hire her as a pilot.[B] Because she wanted to prove that a woman could fly an airplane.[C] Her parents didn't want to hire a pilot.[D] She did not have enough money to hire a pilot.28. [A] Vienna. [C] India.[B] Baghdad. [D] Australia.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Reading magazine articles. [C] Writing research papers.[B] Reviewing book reports. [D] Selecting information sources.30. [A] Gathering non-relevant materials. [C] Sharing notes with someone else.[B] Stealing another person's ideas. [D] Handing in assignments late.31. [A] In the student's own words. [C] In short phrases.[B] In direct quotations. [D] In shorthand.32. [A] It should be assimilated thoroughly. [C] It should be paraphrased by the author.[B] It should be enclosed in quotation marks. [D] It should be authorized by the source.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Seasonal variations in nature.[B] How intelligence changes with the change of seasons.[C] How we can improve our intelligence.[D] Why summer is the best season for vacation.34. [A] Summer. [C] Fall.[B] Winter. [D] Spring.35. [A] All people are less intelligent in summer than in the other seasons of the year.[B] Heat has no effect on people's mental abilities.[C] People living near the equator are the most intelligent.[D] Both climate and temperature exert impact on people's intelligence.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Building after building under water. (36) ________ in shelters. Thousands of others unsure where to go. (37) ________ for help. Anarchy. Bodies in streets. This is what one of America's historic cities was (38) ________ to this week by a powerful storm, Katrina.Officials want everyone still left in New Orleans, Louisiana, to leave for now. The (39) ________ of New Orleans says thousands may be dead. (40) ________ Katrina also caused death and (41) ________ in parts of Mississippi and Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico. Federal officials reported Friday that more than one million five hundred thousand homes and businesses (42) ________ without electric power.New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi Gras (43) ________ and night life in the French Quarter.(44) ________________________. New Orleans has depended on levees, dams made of earth, to control floods from the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.Katrina struck on Monday. New Orleans avoided a direct hit. But two of the levees failed the next day. Most of the city was flooded. Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks.(45) ________________________.America faces one of the worst natural events in its history. President Bush says the recovery will take years. (46) ________________________. The Bush administration is expected to ask for more in the weeks to come.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Blue is the world's favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue lighthas seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.[A] represented [I] activity[B] engage [J] zones[C] refreshing [K] foolish[D] surround [L] line[E] curved [M] acquires[F] dominant [N] associated[G]lower [O] rash[H] balancedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in the section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag."As she turned to go," Chadwick recalled, "she suddenly looked up at the 'sputnik' and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.""For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store."57. January is a good month for shoplifters because ________.[A] they don't need to wait for staff to serve them[B] they don't need any previous experience as thieves[C] there are so many people in the store[D] January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them58. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended ________.[A] to watch the most desirable goods [C] to frighten shoplifters by their appearance[B] to make films that can be used as evidence [D] to be used as evidence against shoplifters59. The case last October was important because ________ .[A] the store got the dresses back[B] the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters[C] other shops found out about the equipment[D] the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court60. The woman stealing perfume ________.[A] guessed what the sputniks were for [C] could see the camera filming her[B] was frightened by its shape [D] knew that the detective had seen her61. The woman's action before leaving the store shows that she ________.[A] was sorry for what she had done[B] was afraid she would be arrested[C]decided she didn't want what she had picked up[D] wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anythingPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct. Or is it? Carcharodon Megalodon, commonly known as Megalodon, is believed to have lived between 1 million and 5 million years ago and thought to have been 52 feet long. It is (or was) a shark that had a jaw 7 or more feet wide. Fairly recently, there has been some speculation about whether it is extinct or just out of reach. But few people believe that Megalodon has found a home deep in the ocean.There are many known "Living Fossils": Coelacanth, Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins, Lobsters, Sea Stars. The common ones like lobsters and sea urchins are not really looked on as anything amazing. They've been around for thousands of years or more, and are easily accessible to us. What if they weren't accessible and yet still existed? We would label them extinct. The discovery of a live Coelacanth, a fish long believed extinct, challenged some scientists' long-held beliefs on extinction. There have been recent discoveries of incredibly large squid, and deep-sea fish never before seen by scientists.In the 1960s the U.S. Navy set up underwater microphones around the world to track Soviet submarines. The network, known as the Sound Surveillance System, still lies deep below the ocean's surface in a layer of water known as the "deep sound channel". The temperature and pressure of the channel allow sound waves to travel undisturbed. NOAA's Acoustic Monitoring Project has been using the Sound Surveillance System to listen for changes in ocean structure like ocean currents or volcanic activity. Most of the sounds recorded are common and of no concern. One sound,identified in 1977 by U.S. Navy "spy" sensors, was odd. It was obviously a marine animal but the call was more powerful than any of the calls made by any other reported sea creature. It was too big for a whale. Could it be a deep-sea monster? One possibility was a giant squid, but no one is sure. It was named "Bloop". Could it be Megalodon? If Megalodon is still alive down in the bottom of the ocean, we may some day soon discover it. Then what? Deep sea diving will never be the same, that's for sure!62. The following is commonly known EXCEPT ________.[A] Megalodon, the largest shark, is extinct[B] Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach[C] Megalodon was 52 feet long and had a jaw 7 or more feet wide[D] Megalodon lived between several million years ago.63. What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is extinct?[A] The discovery of many "Living Fossils". [C] The discovery of a live Coelacanth.[B] The discovery of the fossils of lobsters. [D] The discovery of the fossils of sea urchins.64. What was special in their recorded sounds?[A] To listen for changes in ocean structure.[B] To listen for changes of ocean currents or volcanic activity.[C] To Make sure whether there was a giant squid deep in the ocean.[D] To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.65. What was special in their recorded sounds?[A] A strange, powerful animal sound was heard. [C] A sea monster's sound was heard.[B] A big whale's sound was heard. [D] A giant squid's sound was heard.66. What can be concluded from the passage?[A] Scientists' discoveries always change people's belief.[B] There are too many secrets to be discovered.[C] Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.[D] "Deep sound channel" allows sound waves to travel undisturbed.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70 .Most Americans are able to 71 cars. The average price of a 72 made car was, 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up 73 750 in 1975. During this period American ear manufacturers set about 74 their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars. For this reason, 77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a family's total earnings today.In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average family's 80 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 81 8.3 of a family's annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 82 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years.The 84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 85 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item.67. [A] kinds [B] means [C] mean [D] types68. [A] denied [B] reproduced [C] replaced [D] ridiculed69. [A] hardly [B] nearly [C] certainly [D] somehow70. [A] trip [B] works [C] business [D] travel71. [A] buy [B] sell [C] race [D] see72. [A] quickly [B] regularly [C] rapidly [D] recently73. [A] on [B] to [C] in [D] about74. [A] raising [B] making [C] reducing [D] improving75. [A] unusual [B] interested [C] average [D] big76. [A] slowest [B] equal [C] faster [D] less77. [A] bringing [B] obtaining [C] having [D] purchasing78. [A] part [B] half [C] number [D] side79. [A] clearly [B] proportionally [C] obviously [D] suddenly80. [A] income [B] work [C] plants [D] debts81. [A] used [B] spent [C] cost [D] needed82. [A] months [B] dollar [C] family [D] year83. [A] famous [B] quick [C] superior [D] inferior84. [A] running [B] notice [C] influence [D] discussion85. [A] then [B] so [C] as [D] which86. [A] starting [B] leaving [C] keeping [D] repairingPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The chairman requested ________________________(所有书面资料都要储存在电脑硬盘上).88. ________________________ (如果我是你),I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.89. Do you mind ________________________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)?90. ________________________(考虑到各种各样的因素), our subjects should be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum.91. ________________________(理完发之后),Professor Smith went straightly to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.2010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一答案详解Part I WritingCity ProblemsNowsdays, millions of migrant workers flock into cities in search of jobs and better living. However, with the sharp rise in the urban population, many problems arise in the development of cities.。
2012年12月英语四级考试预测试卷第三套
最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程:/wenkxd.htm(报名网址)1. Teaching is an occupation known for_______.A) high statusB) low salaryC) good welfareD) great ability2. What's the key factor to Strengthenachievement for a school?A) A good teacher.B) The class size.C) Finance.D) Textbooks.3. Merit pay attempts to pay teachersaccording to_________.A) the length of working yearB) number of titles attainedC) their working performanceD) profit they made for school4. Student test scores have become the keymeasure of teachers' performance due to __A) the lack of well-accepted standardsB) the absence of federal fundingC) strong theoretical supportD) past successful experience5. How does Hillary Clinton think about themerit pay?A) She is planning to cancel the merit payprogram.B) She advocates the merit pay forindividual teachers.C) She agrees the school staff should bepaid based on performance.D) She supports that teachers are paidbased on working experience.6. What has been the result of the meritpay program in Florida and Houston?A) It has improved the quality ofinstruction.B) It has provided more professionaltrainings.C) It has had an positive effect oneducation.D) It has turned out to be a failure.7. Merit-pay movements in the past didn'tsucceed because __A) the schools couldn't decide how muchshould a good teacher be paidB) more and more schools were run bybusiness-minded peopleC) unfairness was created when deciding whoshould get the extra moneyD) the government didn't give enoughsupport to the movement8. The annual tests for students bring anew, ______way to measure the teaching quality.9. Based on the test results in Tennessee,Sanders devised a way to measure howa teacher to student progress.10. Sanders' method was at first created asa management tool for administrators rather than __________“成千上万人疯狂下载。
2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题
2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题来源:前程在线考试网CET4试点考试样卷Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don't think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill?There are two ways to bury trash:Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people's idea of a landfill!)Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environmentMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environmentThe purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of surface water over the sitethe impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlifethe historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
2012四级英语模拟卷9(有答案)
2012四级英语模拟卷9(有答案):spark英语Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In a waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have t aken place at the office. Therefore, A)“At the office”is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A][B][C][D]1. A) It will eventually be replaced by the Internet.B) It now has more readers than ever before.C) It stimulates people’s desire for learning.D) It will be hooked onto the Internet.2. A) She is a successful writer of children’s books.B) She owes her success to her grade school teacher.C) She has set an example for mothers with children.D) She tends to exaggerate so as to arouse children’s curiosity.3. A) Lack of democracy dampens people’s interest in reading.B) Reading contributes a great deal to creativity.C) Reading builds up democratic values.D) Much pleasure can be derived from reading.4. A) The spring is warm because of the greenhouse effect.B) people tend to forget about correct weather forecasts.C) There is a 50-50 chance of rain.D) Long-term weather forecasts tend to be unreliable.5. A) All drugs have side effects.B) Many fat people have digestive problems.C) The woman is trying to lose weight by drugs.D) There is no efficient way of weight control.6. A) The man does not eat chicken.B) The woman has some dietary restrictions.C) The man wants to change the menu.D) The woman is responsible for food arrangements.7. A) The man is going to make a phone call.B) Things are very expensive here due to inflation.C) The man thinks the charge for a phone call is very low.D) Long distance calls at a pay phone cost 50 cents a minute.8. A) Mrs. Jones is fat.B) The boy never tells lies.C) The woman is a liar.D) It is hard to tell truth from falsehood.9. A) He does not have to be good academically.B) He must be good at uniting people.C) He should have specific plans for school activities.D) He must not fall short of the expectations of the class.10. A) She works very hard.B) She w on’t be back until next Monday.C) She is flying to Vermont to ski.D) She is newly married.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one long dialogue. At the end of the dialogue, you will hear some questions. Both the dialogue and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11. A) They are very hospitable.B) They have a great appetite.C) They drink a lot of tea.D) They feel it rude to accept things offered.12. A) He should ask for a second helping.B) He should eat all the food offered him by the host.C) He should refuse the first two offers of food.D) He should tell the host the food is fantastic13. A) He should refuse the first time he is offered food.B) He should refuse the second time he is offered food.C) He should tell the host that he is full.D) He should leave some food on his plate.14. A) They will insist that you eat more.B) They will believe that you are full.C) They will think that you are rude.D) They will offer you a second helping.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Men lie more often than women.B) Women lie more often than man.C) Men and women lie in different ways.D) People who tell lies are unpopular.16. A) They found themselves lying to appear competent.B) They found themselves lying to appear likeable.C) They found themselves lying much more than they had thought.D) They found themselves surprised at the way they lied to each other.17. A) Children tend to lie more than adults.B) Children are confused as to whether they should always tell the truth.C) Children will model their behavior on their parents.D) Children won’t pretend to like a birthday present they don’t really like. Passage TwoQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) He worked very hard.B) He didn’t like school at all.C) He was very naughty.D) He was very fond of reading.19. A) Hollywood pictures.B) The books he read when he was young.C) The varied experiences he had as young man.D) The human spirit.20. A) His books are full of adventure.B) His books are full of imagination.C) He encourages observation and care about the world around us.D) He combines science with fiction in creating his powerful stories.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1The great bulk of expert opinion is that owing a gun undermines rather than increases safety: the function of discouraging burglars or other criminals is more than offset by other factors. First come the suicides: in1986,18,153 people shot themselves to death. No one on knows how many might have lived if they had been unable to pick up a gun and how many might have merely chosen other means to end their lives. But surely the presence of a loaded gun in a bureau drawer must have tempted many, particular teens, to yield to a black depression that might have lifted had the means to carry out the dark wish not been so readily available.Then come the accidental shootings, many by foolish guys who never bother to learn how to handle their weapons. More heartbreaking are the frequent incidents of children picking up their parents’ guns and finding out in the most disastrous way that they are not toys; for example, an eight-year-old boy who shot his six-year-old sister dead last week in Fairfax. Then there are the quarrels between spouses, between parents and their children, between neighbors and friends that suddenly turn fatal because one or both can pick up a gun. Police commonlyestimate that if a household gun is ever used at all, it is six times as likely to be fired at a member of the family or a friend as at an intruder. (It is even more likely, says Dr. Carl Bell, a Chicago psychiatrist, that the gun will be stolen; gun are prime targets for burglars because they can be easily and profitably sold to other criminals.)And finally, in the relatively rare shoot-outs between householders and burglars that do occur, it might easily be the burglar who proves more skilled in handling his guns and the householder who winds up in morgue(停尸房).Adding all types of deaths together, Mercy and Houk, researchers from the Atlanta-based Centers for Disease Control, point out that “during the last two years, the number of people who died of injuries inflicted by firearms in the United States exceeded the number of casualties during the entire 8.5-year Viet Nam conflict.” Mercy and Houk judged that “injury from firearms is a public-health problem whose toll is unacceptable.”Another group of researchers presented evidence that lax U.S. gun laws might be to blame. The team, headed by emergency room surgeon John Henry Sloan, studied a pair of cities just 140 miles apart: Seattle and Vancouver. The two cities had similar unemployment rates, household incomes, law-enforcement policies and even favorite TV shows. Two differences: in Canada, handgun ownership is tightly restricted; in Washington State, guns are more easily purchased. And between 1980 and 1986 Seattle had 388 homicides, vs. 204 Vancouver.21. According to most experts, possessing a gun ________.A) can not guarantee your safetyB) does more than assure you safetyC) leads to more suicidesD) can only frighten thieves22. “To carry out the dark wish” in the last sentence of the f irst paragraph means _________.A) killing oneselfB) shooting othersC) yielding to depressionD) picking up a gun23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Many children become the victims of playing gunsB) A household gun is more likely to aim at a familiar personC) Accidental shootings often happen when people are quarrellingD) A gun at home is very likely to be taken away by burglars24. The word “lax” in the first sentence of the last paragraph most probably means________.A) differentB) unrestrictedC) funnyD) not strict25. The author cites the two cities as an example to demonstrate that ________.A) what matters is to carry out the gun lawsB) all states must have the same gun lawsC) gun ownership must be strictly restrictedD) gun laws have little effectPassage 2Ever since Darwin’s theory of evolution, biologists have assumed that environments teeming with complex forms of life served as the nurseries of evolution. But two recent papers in Science magazine have turned that notion on its head. Last month some biologists reported that in the ocean it is the relatively barren areas that serve as “evolutionary crucibles(熔炉),” not regions with great diversity of species. Other researchers anno unced this summer that the Arctic, not the rain forest, spawned many plants and animals that later migrated to North America. Says John Sepkoski of the University of Chicago, “Harsh environments may be producing the major changes in the history of life.”These “changes” do not result merely in a longer tail or a bigger claw for an existing species but, rather, in dramatic leaps up the evolutionary ladder — a rare innovation that comes along once in a million years. In the Arctic, reports Leo Hickey of Yale University, the innovations ran to forms never before seen on earth. By dating fossils from many geologic layers, he concluded that large grazing animals first appeared in the Arctic and migrated to temperate places a couple of million years or so later. Among plants, species of redwood and birch originated in polar regions some 18 millions years before they showed up in the south. Examining fossils as old as570 million years, Chicago’s Sepkoski found that shell-less, soft-bodied creatures were suddenly replaced by trilobites(三叶虫), then by the more advanced clam-like animals. These changes, he notes, “first become common near shore.” That surprised him — an environment with as few species as exist in the near shore, and with such a poor record of producing new species, seems an unlikely place for biological innovation. But when Jablonski dated fossils of 100 million years ago, he found that during this era, too, the near shore spawned biological breakthroughs — more sophisticated sea creatures that move and find food in ocean sediments instead of passively filtering whatever floats by.The findings are too new to apply to human evolution, but at first glance they seem to fit the facts. Anthropologists believe that our ancestors became fully human only after they left their secure life in the trees for the harsh world of savanna(plain without trees). There, the demanding conditions triggered that most human of traits, the large brain, and the most profound evolutionary step of all was taken.26. Two recent papers in Science magazine claim to have found evidence which contradicts the traditional notion that _______.A) relatively harsh environments are the nurseries of evolutionB) evolution occurred in regions with biological diversityC) new forms of life come into being in near-shore areasD) species of birch and redwood originated in the south27. According to Leo Hickey of Yale University, which of the following may have spawned more advanced species of land animals?A) The barren ocean floorB) The ArcticC) The rain forestD) Temperate Zones28. The word “innovations” in the second paragraph means ________.A) New theory B) New phenomenon C) Changes D) New inventions29. How would anthropologists take the new findings?A) They would look at them dubiouslyB) They would eagerly apply them to the study of human evolutionC) They would challenge them, though at first glance they tend to look at them favorablyD) They would most probably think the new findings fit well into their theory30. Which of the following may be an appropriate title of the passage ?A) Darwin’s Theory ModifiedB) How Animals EvolveC) Evolution in Hard PlacesD) Where Did Large Sea Animals OriginatePassage 3A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological (病理学的).The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by over population. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behaviorshowed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other.The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun\'s experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun\'s experiments suggest that it might be. In any ease, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.31. Calhoun stabilized the rat population ____.A) when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB) by removing young ratsC) so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD) All of the above are correct32. Which of the following inferences can NOT be made from the first paragraph?A) Calhoun’s experiment is still considered important t oday.B) Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C) Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D) Calhoun had experimented with rats before.33. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A) Dominant males had adequate living space.B) Dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other rats.C) Dominant males attacked weaker rats.D) The strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions.34. The author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel with that of _____.A) cruel, powerful peopleB) people who abandon their childrenC) hyperactive peopleD) people who would like to keep to themselves.35. The main point of this passage is that _______.A) although rats are affected by overcrowding, people are notB) overcrowding may be an important cause of social pathologyC) the social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowdingD) Calhoun\'s experiments have influenced many peoplePassage 4In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warm the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. as the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to differ ent parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on windcirculation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.36. Experts used to believe that the chief reason for global warming is______.A) that most fuel is consumed in the northern hemisphereB) human activitiesC) natural influences and carbon dioxideD) the solar energy37. The article is written to illustrate ______.A) the greenhouse effectB) the solar effects on the earthC) the models of solar-weather interactionsD) the factors responsible for the global climate38. In spite of the greater consumption of fuel in the northern hemisphere, temperatures seem to be falling. This is_____.A) possibly because of the melting of the ice caps in the polesB) mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingC) partly due to the variations of the output of solar energyD) because the sun presents its “colder” face to the earth39. On the basis of the models, scientists are of the opinion that ______.A) the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB) it’ll take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effectC) the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectsD) the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect40. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct _______.A) the increased levels of carbon dioxide will warm up the earth even more quicklyB) the greenhouse effect will work to the advantage of the earthC) the best way to overcome the cooling effect will be to burn more fuelsD) ice will soon cover the northern hemispherePart ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C)and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. I am on the of retirement, and I believe Paul would be happy to take my place.A) verge B) border C) edge D) basis42. Kate’s arrived every night to take her out for the evening.A) participant B) escort C) colleague D)delegation43. Reluctant to see her mother, she outside for the school after everyone else had gone home.A) hindered B) hinted C) lingered D) clustered44. The local officials their difficulties to apply for more funds from the government.A) broadened B) extended C) magnified D) strengthened45. It was sad that the movie in a departure of the couple.A) culminated B) deleted C) decorated D) accumulated46. Half a century’s ago, it’s difficult to of traveling to the moon.A) conclude B) condemn C) contend D) conceive47. They think it caught fire because a chemical reaction caused combustion.A) reluctant B) willing C) instant D) spontaneous48. She still has very hearing, though she is eighty years old.A) vigorous B) exact C) acute D) vivid49. You may not have heard of the poet, but he is very original and creative and I believe he will become well-known someday.A) obscure B) vague C) vicious D) prominent50. Your explanation sounds , but I’m not sure I believe it. Can you give me some evidence?A) plausible B) vague C) irrational D) ambiguous51. We never any unrealistic fancies about those desperate criminals.A) treasure B) value C) grab D) cherish52. The river was by the setting sun, making a picturesque scene.A) modified B) radiated C) enlightened D) illuminated53. I felt rather after all that beer the previous night, so I stayed in the bed for the whole day.A) fertile B) versatile C) fragile D) sturdy54. If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a , or there will be no tickets.A) conservation B) reservation C) preservation D) observation55. Our new director is much younger than his , who is already 50 years old.A) successor B) precedent C) predecessor D) offspring56. The government has given a that it will halt the bombing, but we still see the explosion here and there.A) endeavor B) priority C) prominence D) pledge57. A of interest in the matter came into her eyes but soon extinguished.A) glitter B) fraction C) dazzle D) gleam58. Wearing plain clothes, the king with the people in the streets.A) integrated B) mingled C) associated D) collaborated59. This supermarket has an excellent for fair dealing.A) fame B) popularity C) reputation D) impression60. We hope there will be a peaceful to the new system.A) transmission B) transition C) transaction D) transformation61. A good president should the interest of his people with his own prosperity.A) identify B) exemplify C) qualify D) signify62. Henry Adams felt so hungry that he ordered a double of fish.A) part B) piece C) section D) portion63. The tourists through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.A) glanced B) glimpsed C) peered D) peeped64. The discovery of new oil fields in various parts of the country filled the government withhope.A) eternal B) infinite C) ceaseless D) delicate65. Undergraduate students have no to the rare books in the school library.A) access B) entrance C) way D) admission66. The Olympic Games in 776 BC in Olympia, a small town in Greece.A) originated B) stemmed C) derived D) descended67. More often than not, it is difficult to the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.A) exchange B) transfer C) convey D) convert68. A man who has is a man of moral principle who cannot be false to his own standards or to his conception of his responsibilities.A) integrity B) ambition C) anxiety D) popularity69. It would matters if fewer people had to be consulted.A) facilitate B) fascinate C) hinder D) retard70. He was only by his wish to help me, and expected nothing in return.A) activated B) advocated C) dominated D) motivatedPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods.1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature2. /as a school subject are valid for∧study of television.3. theWhen we speak of a human need, we mean somethingwhich is unnecessary to life, something we can live with. 1.food is a human need. We will starve to death if there 2.were no food on earth; but even if we have plenty of food,but of the wrong kind, our bodies will have problem fromlack of the right food. This is known for malnutrition(营3.养不良)。
20121年12大学英语四级模拟题(备考最佳选择)
是个卡dsv请考生拿到试卷后做好听力考试的试音准备。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (共20分,1-15题每题1分,16-19题每题0.5分,20-21每题1.5分)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the several choices, and decide which the best answer is.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。
1. A) The man should try to be more understanding.B) The man’s wife should be more understanding.C) The man’s negative attitude may be derived from his childhood.D) The pessimism of man’s wife may be the result of her past experiences.2. A) A snowstorm. B) An earthquake. C) A traffic accident. D) A hurricane.3. A) The two speakers are classmates.B) The man is majoring in elementary education.C) The woman is majoring in elementary education.D) The two speakers got to know each other in a class.4. A) She’s got a stomachache. B) She feels perfectly fine.C) She’s going to get married. D) She’s going to have a baby.5. A) It is the best city he’s ever visited. B) It was worse than he had expected.C) It is difficult to get around in the city. D) The hotelservice is terrible in the city.6. A) To encourage them. B) To stop them immediately.C) To give some explanation. D) To leave them alone.7. A) Unemployment. B) Family breakup. C) Mental problems. D) Drinking.8. A) The woman is the man’s boss.B) The man is the woman’s husband.C) The woman is the headmaster of a school.D) The woman wants to know something about a student.9. A) They are attending a concert. B) They are negotiating about a price.C) They are planning to go for a date. D) They are buying something for their firm.10. A) The man is a football fan. B) The man needs the woman’s help.C) The man didn’t watch TV last night. D) The man often has power failure at home.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。
2012年12月大学英语四级考前模拟题(六)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “Vocational Choices”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 就业选择; 2. 就业选择与所学专业的关系; 3. 谈谈你的看法。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Online Degrees Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering online courses and degree programs. In this article we’ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees. Online Learning Programs 【外语教育&】 With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. There are assignments, but you won’t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won’t be able to look at your neighbor’s paper. There may be a set time that “class” begins, but you don’t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to “go to class” when it fits your schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don’t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don’t have to ask for someone’s notes, and you just visit the lecture later. You’ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor. Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments. Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online. Some schools require an initial “boot camp” held at the campus (if there is one), where you will meet the other students, instructors and support personnel. You’ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework. Evaluating the Program So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy? Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as: ★How is the course presented? Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text? Are there accompanying slides? Is there any interaction? Is there video or audio? Are exams given? How are assignments turned in? The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a dynamic and innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interactionwith the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it. ★How do students interact with each other? Is there an established method for interaction and congregating? Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution. ★Are the instructors qualified? Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses? If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to? A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology. ★What kind of reputation does the school have? It may seem simple — a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you’re left with nothing but the reputation of the school’s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. It’s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. ★How are students evaluated? Earning a degree should mean just that — earning it. If students aren’t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated? Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned. The Employer’s View The big question in everyone’s mind is, “Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree?” , a career network Website, did a survey of 239 HR professionals. According to the results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution like Duke or Stanford is more credible than one earned at an Internet-only institution. Other sources, such as Thomas L. Russell of North Carolina State University, did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses. As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, HR managers and hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If the studies that were done by Thomas L. Russell and John Losak — showing the quality of online education to be as good as or better than that of traditional education — hold up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright. Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you’ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self-motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for. 1. Which of the following is the unique characteristic of online education that traditional education doesn’t have? A) There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. B) There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor. C) If you get sick, you have to ask for someone’s notes. D) If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something. 2. What can you do in some schools’ initial “boot camp”? A) To meet the other students and instructors. B) To read books in the library. C) To attend class in person. D) To hand your paper to your instructor. 3. What is the best type of online lecture? A) One with no accompanying slides. B) One that is simply put online as text. C) One without video or audio. D) One with interaction during the lecture. 4. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a ________ manner. A) static and innovative B) traditional and obsolete C) dynamic and innovative D) simple and active 5. What is the most important part of online communication? A) To use chat rooms and instant messaging to communicate. B) To find a program that has interaction built into it. C) To find an established method for interaction. D) To use video conferencing to communicate. 6. What will be employers’ view about online degrees as more are used in the workforce? A) They will feel doubtful about the quality of online education. B) They will feel more secure about the quality of online education. C) They will not be quite sure about the quality of online education. D) They will fully trust the quality of online education. 7. What may be the qualities that some companies are looking for according to the passage? A) Quality of your degree. B) Validity of your degree. C) Self-motivation and discipline. D) Ability to overcome obstacles. 8. A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the _______ and the support staff to make it successful. 9. The reputation of the school, however, may not be as __________ as you think. 10. Students, particularly __________, learn more by doing than by s i m p l y l i s t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n ( R e a d i n g i n D e p t h ) ( 2 5 m i n u t e s ) / p >。
2012年11月大学英语四级模拟考试题答案
2012年11月大学英语四级模拟考试题答案2012年11月大学英语四级模拟考试题答案1、范文:Dear Xiao Wang,I'm delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I'm sure you will enjoy every minute here.I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play CDs or read books very comfortably at home.A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I'll prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.1-7ADBACBD 8challenged 9can be proud of.10 stay silent.11----4611. M: Before we play again, I’m going to buy a good tennis racket.W: Your sh oes aren’t in very good shape, either.Q: What does the woman imply?【解析】选[C]。
2012年6月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案解析
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因3.解决的办法College Students on the Job Market_____________________________________________________________________________ Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是关于对某种社会现象的讨论,探讨其原因,并提供解决问题的方案。
毕业生就业压力大,是目前比较热门的话题,媒体、社会以及学生本人都会时不时的讨论,所以文章难度不是很大。
文章开篇提出就业压力大的问题,毕业生越来越多,而就业市场却保持稳定,两者之间的不平衡,导致毕业生面临越来越大的就业压力。
第二段讨论出现这种问题的原因。
第一方面,从宏观上来看,整个世界的经济危机影响了就业市场;第二方面,从学校招生来看,热门专业人数过多,结果供过于求,而冷门专业学生很少,结果供不应求。
第三段针对第二段的原因,探讨相应的解决方案。
从政府的角度出发,要尽可能的采取各种手段帮助经济恢复,帮助学生就业;从个人角度出发,要学会自主选择,不追潮流,学习自己感兴趣的,努力提高自身素质,增强竞争能力。
【参考范文】More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.On the mendAlthough UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."Opportunities and costsGiven the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.The cost of getting it wrongThe difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justifythe significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful useAggregating info to create knowledgeIdeally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the pastB) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the pastC) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtfulD) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.A) is the first medical center to adopt information technologyB) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technologyC) spent less money on information technology than it was estimatedD) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staffB) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United StatesC) UPMC makes EHR systems look easyD) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 19964. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..A) the fact whether the information technology is available or notB) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technologyC) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technologyD) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.A) the cost is too high for the hospital to affordB) physicians are unwilling to adopt itC) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertiseD) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospitalB) it is possible to improve the health careC) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in careD) it could save as much as $100 million annually7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technologyB) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable serviceC) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospitalD) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)原文精译【1】给自己的事业买最好的保险消防队无意之中淹没了Mad Gab's的总部,Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。
2012年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷(10)-中大网校
2012年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷(10)总分:710分及格:426分考试时间:120分Part I Writing(30 minutes)(1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: <STRONG>What Jobs Do College Graduates Want to Take?</STRONG> You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below inChinese:1.目前大学毕业生的择业情况2.男、女学生就业选择的区别3.我的观点What Jobs Do College Graduates Want to Take?Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)(1)Google Closes In on DoubleClick Deal Score one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dec. 20 that it would not block Google's (GOOG) proposed $3.1 billion acquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick. The 4-1 decision in Googie's favor marked a major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expand its considerable share of the $30 billion online advertising market beyond tiny text ads related to Web queries.But Google can't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy. "This is round one of a two-round battle," says Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest group that opposed the merger. "The EU can kill the deal, there is no question about it."The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy.The Personal Business of Ad Placement Google has faced strong opposition to its online advertising ambitions since it announced plans to acquire DoubleClick in April (, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, such as Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger will enable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spent online, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market, according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go to display ads, the poster-like banners--DoubleClick's forte--that run on most Web sites.Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to the target consumer. Google collects data on searches performed by individual computers, and DoubleClick records information about the computers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data they collect, the better they can match a marketer's ad to apotentially interested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on the ad.But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more data collected, the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy. For the past eight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combined Google/DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about what Web surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, the majority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not control enough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly. "Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likely increase," the commission majority wrote in a statement.Increased Competition Recent announcements by Googie's chief competitors support this argument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft--one of the few to challenge Google's merger before the FTC--announced a $500 million, five-year advertising deal to place ads on Viaeom's (VIA) network of popular Websites, including . Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on Viacom pages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has about visitors to Viacom's sites.Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreements with Facebook, the second most popular work in the U.S., after News Corp.'s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg (, 9/19/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room and talks about anticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one can take them seriously," says the CDD's Chester.It also didn't help Google opponents that many of the company's competitors recently struck agreements to buy ad networks themselves, similar to Google's proposed deal with DoubleClick. Microsoft bought DoubleClick competitor a Quantive for $6 billion in May (, 5/18/07 ). Yahoo! (YHOO) and Time Waruer's (TWX) AOL alsoscooped up ad-serving and targeting firms earlier this year. Meanwhile, independent players, such as Specific Media, have secured millions in funding to consolidate their operations with other smaller ad networks (Business , 11/1/07 ).In a statement on Google's blog, Chief Legal Officer David Drummond applauded the ruling: "The FTC's decision publicly affirms what we and numerous independent analysts have been saying for months, our acquisition does not threaten competition in what is a robust, innovative, and quickly evolving online advertising space."Privacy Violation? But will it threaten Web users? The final answer may rest with the European Commission. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal (, 11/14/07 ), saying it was more complicated than many competition cases and demanded further review. The EC has until Apr. 2 to issue a ruling. Privacy advocates worry that Google, combining its wealth of search data with the information DoubleClick collects on who visits clients' sites, would violate consumer privacy. The sheer volume of information that DoubleClick collects would make it easy for Google to understand nearly everything about what millions of individual consumers do on the Web, critics say. G0ogle counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and what they do there. Many of those clients would consider it a violation of that agreement for Google to, say, sell car ads on its Gmail service to people who have recently visited an automotive site that uses DoubleClick. As a result, Google says, it can't simply fuse its data with DoubleClick's customer information. However, privacy groups argue that Google could easily encourage DoubleClick clients to relinquish their data in exchange for, say, free search ads.The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates. The commissioners issued several recommendations about behavioral targeting, where information about users' Web activity is used to tailor online ads. The FTC said sites should clearly notify users when they're collecting data on their actions, and that sites should limit the length of time they store that data to reduce the risk of it falling into thewrong hands.The FTC said it plans to look into whether "heightened protections" are needed to safeguard consumer privacy online.(2)The EU has raised concerns about it's influence on(3)What percentage does Google master the market?(4)Consumer groups have the other idea about the issue, they think the risk of violating someone's privacy is higher if(5)With whom Microsoft solidified multiyear advertising agreements?(6)According to the CDD's Chester, nobody can take Microsoft seriously when __(7)Who can be regarded as independent player?(8)In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal, saying it was more __________ than many competition cases and demanded further review.(9)Google counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and _____________(10)The FTC did offer a ray of hope for _____________<P> <OBJECT id=audioplayer52 codeBase=/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0, 0,0 type=application/x-shockwave-flash height=24 width=290 classid=clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000><PARAM NAME="_cx" V ALUE="7673"><PARAM NAME="_cy" V ALUE="635"><PARAM NAME="FlashVars" V ALUE="playerID=52&soundFile=/2012/listenfiles/xdftl/Test10.mp3"> <PARAM NAME="Movie" V ALUE="/ks/v2011/js/audioplayer.swf"><PARAM NAME="Src" V ALUE="/ks/v2011/js/audioplayer.swf"><PARAM NAME="WMode"V ALUE="Transparent"><PARAM NAME="Play" V ALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="Loop" V ALUE="-1"><PARAM NAME="Quality" VALUE="High"><PARAM NAME="SAlign" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="Menu" VALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="Base" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="AllowScriptAccess" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="Scale" V ALUE="ShowAll"><PARAM NAME="DeviceFont" V ALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="EmbedMovie" V ALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="BGColor" VALUE=""><PARAM NAME="SWRemote" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="MovieData" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="SeamlessTabbing" V ALUE="1"><PARAM NAME="Profile" V ALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="ProfileAddress" V ALUE=""><PARAM NAME="ProfilePort" VALUE="0"><PARAM NAME="AllowNetworking" V ALUE="all"><PARAM NAME="AllowFullScreen" V ALUE="false"><embedsrc="/ks/v2011/js/audioplayer.swf?playerID=52&soundFile=http://down.233.c om/2012/listenfiles/xdftl/Test10.mp3" quality="high" menu="false" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="290" height="24" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" swliveconnect="true" pluginspage="/go/getflashplayer"> </embed></OBJECT><SCRIPT src="/ks/v2011/js/audioplayer.js"></SCRIPT></P><P>Part III Listening Comprehension(Section AB)</P>section AB(1){MP3:/examfiles/2012/listenfiles/xdftl/Test10.mp3}根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. Oxford StreeB. Buckingham PalacC. Trafalgar SquarD. King's Cross(2)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. That she will go awaB. That she will be sorrC. That she will not quit her joD. That she will not buy him a present(3)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. She doesn't think the man could finish iB. She doesn't think the man worked hard enougC. She doesn't think it is the man's faulD. She doesn't like the idea of going to partie(4)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. She's worried that the man will miss next week's deadlinB. She doesn't know when the deadline for tuition paymentC. The man should have paid his tuition a week agoD. The man has all week to pay his tuitio(5)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. She wants to move to the new apartmenB. She doesn't want to move to the new apartmenC. She likes the newly built student dormitorD. She likes the idea of moving into the dormitor(6)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. He has never been to the laboratorB. He wants to stop and ask for directionC. The woman won't be late,D. The program in the laboratory, has already begu(7)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. He thinks children are normally sillB. He thinks we are short of good children's bookC. He thinks we need to produce more interesting bookD. He thinks children have no taste at al(8)根据所听内容及提问,作答____A. There would be some problems for the man to secure a tickeB. There would be no problem for the man to secure a tickeC. There might be some extra tickets available for the maD. The man should book the ticket even earlie(9)Questions{TSE}are based on the conversation you have just heard.(10)[A] When they're unable to control the person's behavior. [B] when the causes of the behavior are obvious. [C] when the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.[D] When the behavior is expected.(11)[A] Their behavior should be attributed to factors beyond their control.[B] Their behavior should be attributed to internal factors.[C] Their behavior should be attributed to external factors.[D] Their behavior should be attributed to others.(12)[A] We should blame external factors, [B] We should blame internal factors. [C] We should blame others. [D] We needn't blame ourselves.(13)Questions{TSE}are based on the conversation you have just heard.(14)[A] At a library. [B] At a copy shop. [C] At a laboratory. [D] At a coffee shop.(15)[A] That they skip class. [B] That they get some rest. [C] That they study together. [D] That they go to the cafeteria.(16)Questions {TSE}are based on the passage you have just heard.(17)[A] From the ones they are familiar with to the difficult ones.[B] From the short ones to the long ones.[C] From the long ones to the short ones.[D] From the ones they are confident of to the more difficult ones.(18)[A] When you can't recall something instantly, you should try your best to do it.[B] When you can't recall something instantly, you'd better have an operation on your mind.[C] The subconscious activities may go to work to dig up a dim memory.[D] Forcing yourself to recall may loosen your memory.(19)Questions{TSE} are based on the passage you have just heard.(20)[A] The women have more freedom and can share in decisions.[B] The women do not have to be the heads of the family.[C] The women's relatives do not help them with the housework and childcare.[D] The women have all the power of the family.(21)[A] Husbands have to share power with their wives and help them with the housework.[B] Older women do not often have important positions in a large group and often live alone when their husbands die.[C] Family structure is more patriarchal in the nuclear family.[D] Women haveto help sisters, grandparents with housework and childcare.(22)[A] They want to stay home and do the housework. [B] They don't have enough money. [C] They have too much work and not much free time. [D] They have more freedom than in the past.(23)Questions {TSE}are based on the passage you have just heard.(24)[A] Lightning and thtmder, [B] Warm air and cold air. [C] A great deal of water vapor and a rapidly rising air current. [D] A great amount of vapor and electricity.(25)[[A] Nearly 15,000 degrees Fahrenheit. [B] Nearly 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. [C] Nearly 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. [D] Nearly 150,000 degrees Fahrenheit.Listening Comprehension(Section C)(1){MP3:/examfiles/2012/listenfiles/xdftl/Test10.mp3}Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you haue just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you hove written.注意:此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。
2012年9月全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案
2012年9月全国英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案21.[A]keep[B]feel to]put[D]remain22.[A]and[B]so[C]hut[D]therefore23.[A]if[B]that[C]whether[D]until24.[A]task[B]achievement [D]success[D]decision25.[A]without[B]with[C]by[D]to26.[A]seriously[B]ultimately[C]frequently[D]actively27.[A]absorbs[B]sinks[C]acquaints[D3surrounds28.[A]on[B]above[C]at[D]with29.[A]when[B]how[C]why[D]whether30.[A]refuses[B]denies[C]invites[D]accepts31.[A]his[B]her[C]our[D]their32.[A]experiencing[B]following[C]performing[D]going33.[A]as[B]for[C]as if[D]about34.[A]why[B]when[C]how[D]where35.[A]order[B]make[C]expect[D]hope36.[A]He[B]This[C]That[D]It37.[A]criticize[B]complain[C]talk[D]discuss38.[A]express[B]speak[C]ease[D]create39.[A]whenever[B]though[C]if[D]unless40.[A]other[B]another[C]the other[D]othersSection III Reading Comprehension(60 minutes)Part ADirections:Read thefollowing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.Text lNo man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli,especially in the two centuries following his death.But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned.The Prince has been termed a manual for tyrants,the effect of which has been most harmful.But were Machiavelli’s doctrines really new? Did he discover them?He merely had the frankness and courage to write down what everybody was thinking and what everybody knew.He merely gives us the impressions he had received from a long and intimate inter—course with princes and the affairs of state.It was Lord Bacon who said that Machiavelli tells us what princes如。
2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一试题册
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A) She’s been extremely successful.B) She’s less successful now than she was last year.C) Her success is hard to understand.D) She owes some of her success to her personality.12. A) The man will not be able to sleep.B) Someone will enter the back door while the man is sleeping.C) The lock on the door will break.D) The man will not be able to come back.13. A) Mary is going to Hawaii.B) Mary has travelled all over the world.C) Mary likes postcards.D) Mary is going on vacation.14. A) Substitute for Laura at work. B) Accept a full-time job.C) Meet Laura at the restaurant. D) Go out of town with Laura.15. A) It looks exactly like Susan.B) It makes Susan look younger than she really is.C) It makes Susan look older than she really is.D) It makes Susan look better than she looks in person.16. A) He is sick. B) He is worried. C) He is confident.D) He is angry.17. A) At Sun Valley. B) At the health center. C) At home.D) At work.18. A) Where Professor Stevens came from.B) When the economics course was supposed to meet.C) What the economics professor’s name was.D) How recently professor Stevens began teaching there.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Two weeks. B) One month.C) One week. D) Eleven days.20. A) It’s too expensive. B) It would take too long.C) There’s nothing worth seeing. D) He’s been there before.21. A) There’re lots of pretty girls. B) Everybody speaks English.C) They arrange everything for you. D) It has the lowest price.22. A) Portugal. B) Miami.C) Arizona or New Mexico. D) Spain.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man. B) The woman.C) They pay for their own dinner respectively. D) A Dutch friend.24. A) It serves only a few specialties. B) It’s too crowded.C) It’s too costly. D) The service is too slow.25. A) Children do not usually eat at home.B) They usually bring lunch with them from home.C) They have little time for lunch.D) The cities are too big for people to find restaurants.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To have an early detection of possible diseases.B) To discover the side effects of thermography.C) To find out why a body requires rest.D) To improve the analysis of blood and tissue sample.27. A) It is not painful. B) Patients can see the pictures.C) The process is very relaxing. D) No side effect is involved.28. A) Thermographic techniques are now widely used.B) Scientific research on thermography is still being conducted.C) Thermography will not make diagnosis easier for doctors.D) Acceptance of thermographic techniques will be enthusiastic.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Teenage drunk driving and how to prevent it. B) D.U.I. and its deadly consequences.C) A safe families report. D) Two teenage driver volunteers.30. A) A policeman. B) A social worker.C) A parent of one of the kids. D) A teacher from Dade High School.31. A) To save them from serving in a prisonB) To make them lose face as a punishment.C) To warn the public of the dangers from these offenders.D) To warn other teens of the dangers of drinking and driving.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) How different types of people are affected by breakfast.B) How different types of breakfast affect people.C) How males and females of all ages react to different kinds of breakfast.D) How well the participants’ bodies function.33. A) Various kinds of breakfasts were given to the participants.B) A well-balanced meal was eaten.C) Breakfast was altogether skipped.D) Special tests were introduced.34. A) They will work efficiently and productively after an adequate breakfast.B) Their work efficiency does not affect whether they take breakfast or not.C) They have to go without breakfast if they try to lose weight.D) They will probably lose more weight by reducing other meals.35. A) Eating less at meals other than breakfast.B) Going on a diet.C) Skipping breakfast.D) Taking less breakfast.Section CIn many English homes four meals are served: they are breakfast,lunch, tea and dinner. These are the meals that are served in the homes of people who are (36) . It might be (37) _____to you to know what (38) ____ of meals English people have and how they (39) _____ at the table, for the people of one country act rather (40) _____ from those of another. An old (41) ______ says, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” and this is good (42) .Breakfast may be served any time from seven to nine. Lunch comes at about one o’clock. It (43) _____ consists of cold meat, potatoes and salad. Most people drink water or beer instead of strong alcoholic drinks. Afternoon tea, served between four and five, is the most informal meal of the day.(44) . Many people even wear special clothes for dinner, so if you are asked out to dinner, you must find out whether you are expected to wear a dinner suit.(45) . During the meal, conversation is carried on. You should try to get into conversation with the person on your right or left, (46) . If you are in unfamiliar surroundings, keep an eye open for what the others are doing.。
2012年6月英语四级模拟题带答案(一至五)
2012年6月英语四级模拟题带答案(一至五)大学英语四级考试模拟题一Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: ONE –OFF CHOPSTICKS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐,你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。
2. 餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源,并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒;3. 你对此事的看法和采取的做法。
One-off Chopsticks注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic bags has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. They?re lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in theair, settled amongst bushes, and floating on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic particles that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.Production of Plastic BagsPlastic bags are made from ethylene (乙烯),a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体)—chains of ethylene molecules—called polyethylene. This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of items, including plastic bags.Y ou have probably noticed two types of plastic shopping bag s—the lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), while the thicker bags are made from low density polyethylene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled. While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prevalent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 billion plastic bags per year. If tied together these bags would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made fromHDPE.Dangers to Sea LifePlastic bags are now amongst the top 12 items of waste most often found along the coastlines. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and killed every day by discarded plastic bag s—a dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isn?t a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst marine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow starvation. Others become entangled in plastic bags and drown.Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, ever y year our seas become “home” to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and waterways. Every bag that?s washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the sea; every bag that?s flushed down a toilet ends up in the sea; every bag that?s blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once an animal diet of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag is released back into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each bag we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.Pollution T axes & BansDifferent countries have adopted a range of approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an attempt to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment. In South Africa for instance, where an estimated eight billion plastic bags are used annually, the government has implemented newregulations that will see only thicker, more durable plastic bags produced. As well as making them more suitable for reuse, it is hoped that the extra cost associated with their production and supply will prevent retailers giving the higher quality bags away, making their use a more expensive option for consumers.The use of plastic bags is being discouraged in other places such as Singapore and Tainwan, while the tax imposed on the use of plastic shopping bags in Ireland has resulted in the use of plastic shopping bags being reduced by 90% in just six months. Prior to the 15 euro cent per bag tax, it was estimated that 1.2 million plastic shopping bags were being handed out in Ireland per year. The money raised from the tax will be used to fund environmental initiatives.While anything that lowers our consumption is good, why wait until we?re hit financially before we change our habits when changes aren?t difficult to make?How about taking previously used bags with you next time you go to the shops? Or even better—turn back time and do as grandma did and take a bamboo basket with you every time you go shopping. Shop-owners would rather you use their bags as they?re a convenient and cheap form of advertising, but what?s more important, shareholder profits or the environment?Plastic bags can be re-cycled although only about one in every 200 ever finds its way to a recycling unit. Find out if there?s a re-cycling bin near you and , if not, ask your local authority for one.Greenhouse GasesSome countries have introduced so called “environmentally friendly plastic bags”that are biodegradable (可生物降解). These bags take about three years to break down into practicallynothing and while that sounds like an attractive solution, the truth is that the process of breaking down these petrol-based bags causes carbon to become methane (甲烷) which is a greenhouse gas.It?s also possible to get “plastic”bags manufactured from corn. These break down veryquickly and give off no more methane than another corn product on landfill sites. Unfortunately, they?re more expensive to produce and few shops use them.Garbage BinsOne question that?s often raised in connection with the plastic bag dilemma is what should be used to line bins if not plastic bags?To answer that, let?s go back in time to when plastic bags were yet to become commonplace. What did we do?For one, we had far less garbage. Goods had much less packaging than is the case today so we didn?t fill our bins as quickly. Peelings , eggshells, tea bags and coffee grounds were all used as compost (肥料) for crops, as was any paper that wasn?t needed for lighting fires. What was left went into an unlined bin with anything dirty or wet being wrapped in newspaper first.If we choose carefully when shopping so as not to bring home more packaging than necessary—there?s really no point in bring it home just to throw it straight in the bin when we unpack, the amount of waste that goes into the kitchen bin will be halved , at least.Individual EffortBy refusing to use plastic bags, you can make a huge difference to the pollution problem. Remember that each person uses about 83 bags a year. If there are four people in your family,that?s 332 plastic bags less every year. That?s 332 bags less that will:—release toxins into the ground water from landfill sites—stay in the environment for hundreds of years—get into the food chain through animals—waste energy during the manufacturing process—kill any of the estimated 100,000 marine animals that die each year of plastic pollutionThese are all-important factors that have a profound affect on our environment and the creatures we share our planet with. Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future generations? That?s up to you to decide.1.Many thick, clothing-carrying plastic bags, made from ________, can hardly be recycled.A. high density polyethyleneB. low density polyethyleneC. oil and coalD. gas and cola2. The annual use of plastic bags in ________ exceeds 6 billion.A. SingaporeB. AustraliaC. IrelandD. Taiwan3. Plastic bags can become a horrible serial killer because of ________.A. their toxic particlesB. their lightweightC. their incredibly slow rate of decayD. their overuse by people4. In South Africa, in line with a new government regulation, ________ will be banned from production.A. thicker, more durable plastic bagsB. plastic bags suitable for reuseC. thinner, short-living plastic bagsD. thicker, higher-quality plastic bags5. ________ , though friendly to the environment, cost too much in manufacture to widely used.A. The petrol based bagsB. The methane-releasing bagsC. The carbon-releasing bagsD. he corn-based bags6. What is bothering people in connection with plastic bag dilemma?A. The question of what should be used to replace plastic bags as garbage bin liners.B. The fact that only one in every 200 plastic bags end up being recycled.C. The increasing amount of garbage.D. The high cost involved in producing environmentally friendly bags.7. I t?s estimated that every year about ________ are killed by discarded plastic bags.A. 10,000 animalsB. 100,000 sea animalsC. 100,000 land animalsD. 10,000 wildlife8. The final destination of many carelessly discarded plastic bags is____________________.9. In Ireland, following the collection of a 15 euro cent perbag tax, plastic bag usage has dropped by ________.10. The so-called environmentally friendless bags are much quicker to break down, but will release a great deal of ______________________________.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2012-2013CET4级英语模拟题
2012-2013CET4级英语模拟题2012-2013CET4级模拟试题I.Fill in the blanks (10%=1×10)(I). Fill in the blanks with” a, an, the or ’/ ’ ”.1. I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.2. Xi’an was _ starting point of _ world-famous “Silk Road”.3. He joined _ army in 1945.(II). Fill in the blanks with the proper preposition ( at, by, in, of , to, on, for with, from, along).1.May I have a look _ our watch2. A friend _ need is a friend indeed.3.I met the man _ my way to school yesterday4.He is fit _ the job.5.Now it’s time __ class.II. Choose the best answer to each question (20%=1×20).1.The teacher asked us to write a_ in one hour.A.two-hundred-word compositionB. two-hundred-words compositionB.two-hundreds-words composition D. two hundreds of words composition2.John ate_ of the pears.A.third twoB. two thirdsC. two third D thirds two3.They have_ records.A.one thousand two hundred and twentyB.one thousand and two hundred twentyC.one thousand and two hundred and twentyD.one thousand two hundreds twenty4.The young lady must be in her_ .A.thirtyB. the thirtiethC. thirtiethD. thirties5.We have got_ books in our school library.A.thousand ofB. thousandC. thousands ofD. thousand6.It _ until dusk that he realized that it was too late.A.wasB. wasn’tC. weren’tD. were7.The difference between the two legs may be so small_ no one is aware of it.A.asB. ifC. thatD. such8.Tom dare not stir_ he should be seen.A.becauseB. lestC. forD. as9.It was_ that a hundred people looked lost in it.A.so large a roomB. a so large roomC. a such large roomD. such large a room10._ I shall still go outsideA.As the sun is hotB. Hot as the sun isC. Hot as is the sunD. Though is the sun hot11.You will be welcome no matter_ you come.A.whenB. whatC. whenD. before12.It’s a pity Mary isn’t here. If she_ , we could be happier.A.cameB. comesC. had comeD. has come13.“Did you catch the first bus this morning?”“No, I did not”“If you_ earlier, you_ the bus.A.got up, would catchB. should get up, could catchC. had got up, would have caughtD. had got up, would catch14.That is a good book. You_ it yesterday.A.should buyB. should have boughtC. could buyD. might buy15.How I wish I_ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.A.had triedB. hadn’t triedC. have triedD. didn’t tried16.We’ve jus t installed the central heating, _ should makea tremendous difference to thehouse next winter.A.whatB. itC. thatD. which17.The four travelers_ I shared the room were pleasant people.A.whoB. whomC. from whichD. with whom18.They are not aware of the reasons_ people are unwilling to discuss insurance.A.whenB. whyC. whereD. how19.The shops offer almost everything_ ranges from inexpensive to very expensive.A.thatB. whichC. whoD. in which20.In one country _ the climate is very hot all the year round,people hardly wear anyclothes at all.A.thatB. whichC. whenD. whereIII.Please read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill in each blank (15%=1.5×10).My work keeps me in Hong Kong most of the year, but I do try to get_ 1 for a month in _ 2 -usually in July. Now as you know that is the main 3 season in Europe, the favorite places for holiday and the famous cities are usually very_ 4 . But I am not seeking the sun -I get plenty of _ 5 in Hong Kong-and I am certainly not seeking the_ 6 ! So when I get to holiday, I buy a Train Pass (a sort of train ticket) that_ 7 me first class travel on most of the_8 . In Western Europe, first class compartments are_ 9 crowded and they are very comfortable. If you are going on an overnight_ 10 you can take a sleeping train for some extra money. There are usually dinning cars in the train.1. A. back B. off C. home D. away2. A. Hong Kong B. Europe C. summer D. autumn3. A. holiday B. visiting C. windy D. rainy4. A. quiet B. peaceful D. beautiful D. crowded5. A. pleasure B. daylight C. sunshine D. money6. A. crowds B. people C. help D. city life7. A. shows B. allows C. gives D. takes8. A. highways B. paths C. roads D. railways9. A. hardly B. always C. certainly D. much10.A. way B. journey C. service D. workIV.Read the following passages and then answer thequestions (30%=2×15).Passage OneThanksgiving Day is always celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It is the most traditional of American holidays. The first Thanksgiving was held in Massachusetts in 1621. After a year of great hardship, the first English settlers wanted to give thanks to God for their harvest. They invited their Indian friends to join them in a big feast. Today the holiday is still celebrated as a day for giving thanks. It is a day of family get-together.On that day, we always invite some friends to join us. The women always go to the kitchen to prepare dinner. The men, meanwhile, watch a football game on TV or discuss business or politics. At about fou r o’clock we all sit down to dinner. We give thanks for the blessings we have received and then start to cut the turkey. We always have the traditional dinner of stuffed turkey and the others. After dinner, no one can move and we all sit around and talk, play word games, or tell jokes until it is time to go home.1. The first Thanksgiving Day was held ________ .A. in the early 17th centuryB. in the late 17th centuryC. before the 17th century2. Thanksgiving Day ________.A. has long been a popular holiday in the WestB. is the most traditional of American holidaysC. is a holiday only in a few states in the United States3. Thanksgiving Day was originally________.A. a day to give thanks to GodB. a day of family reunionC. both A and B4. Today, Thanksgiving Day is ________.A. still a day to pray to GodB. a national holidayC. both A and BPassage TwoOne of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible for ten percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds form getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. An Important WeaponB. Guns in the Second World WarC. An epidemic of PneumoniaD. An Important drug6. According to the passage, penicillin was useful in the second World War far all of the following purposes except_________?.A. hurting the enemyB. treating pneumoniaC. preventing infectionD. healing wounds7. Compared with the death rate from pneumonia in the FirstWorld War, the rate in the second World War was _________.A. much higherB. the sameC. slightly lowerD. significantly lowerPassage ThreeI have taught in high school for ten years. In that time I have given assignments to students, including a murderer, and evangelist, a boxer, a thief, and an imbecile. The murderer was a quiet, little boy who sat on the front seat and looked at me with pale blue eyes. The evangelist, easily the most popular boy in the school, had the lead in the junior play. The boxer lounged by the window and let loose at intervals with a raucous laugh startled even the geraniums. The thief was agay-hearted soul with a song on his lips. And the imbecile was soft-eyed little fellow who preferred to remain unnoticed.All of these boys, I taught them the rhyming scheme of the Elizabethan sonnet and how to diagram a complex sentence.8. This passage suggests that _________.A. adult personality can be predictedB. school grades influence the futureC. schools ignore individual needsD. people are unpredictable9. Apparently the narrator feels_________.A. self-satisfiedB. threatenedC. discouragedD.hateful10. The narrator seems to be making a plea for _________.A. more meaningful educationB. revision of English coursesC. better classroom disciplineD. guidance in the elementary gradesPassage FourThe tradition of playing practical jokes on 1st April, which in fact originated in ancient Rome, is still upheld in many countries today.The majority of jokers are content to confine their activities to members of the family, Colleagues at work or fellow students. The most popular type of joke is one that leads the victim into a totally unnecessary course of action, such as making a long and pointless journey. There are more daring individuals, however, who pull off spectacular hoaxes on a much larger scale.One of the most famous British hoaxes was staged in 1910 by a group of six young people from Cambridge. Their aim was to convince the commander and crew of H.M.S. dreadnought that they were the Emperor of Abyssinia and his entourage. First, they sent a telegram, supposedly from the Foreign Office, to the ship’s commander. In it they announced that the party would arrive by train early that afternoon and asked him to make the necessary arrangement to welcome them.When the party arrived, they were given a marvelous reception, including a red carpet at the station and a pipe band aboard the ship. The Emperor then inspected the warship and its personnel. During the tour, different members played different parts. One was a foreign office guide; another an interpreter who had learnt a few words from a Swahili phrase book.Needless to say, the victims were furious when the hoax was revealed, and some officers even threatened th e group’s leader with physical violence. Parliament was none too pleased, either!11. On April 1, men, women and children will play absurd but harmless jokes on______.A. family members or relativesB. colleagues of schoolmatesC. friendsD. people they know well12. The phrase “pull off” can be best r eplaced by______.A. plan deliberatelyB. carry out successfullyC. work hard onD. make good use of13. The six young men from Cambridge______. .A. were given a red carpet as present in the railway stationB. were presented with a pipe as a gift on the shipC. were received warmly and cordially by the ship’s commander and crewD. all of the above14. This story took place______.A. in RomeB. at a British portC. in an Abyssinian cityD. on the Continent15. This passage could be best entitled as______.A. The Origin of All Fool’s DayB. Practical Jokes on All Fool’s DayC. Victims of April Fool’s DayD. a Spectacular Hoax on April 1V. Translation(10%=2×5).1.We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has beenconcealed from strangers for years.(L24)2. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. (L24)3. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era. (L25)4. 这种事发生在小说中是无可非议的。
2012.5月四级模拟考试试卷题目
2012.5⽉四级模拟考试试卷题⽬第⼀次四级模拟考试(CET 4)注意事项⼀、将⾃⼰的校名、姓名、学校代号、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上,将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上⼆、把试题册、答题卡均不得带出考场考试结束后,教师收卷后才可离开考场三、仔细读懂题⽬的说明四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作⽂题30分钟后考⽣按指令启封试题册在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题然后监考员收取答题卡1,考⽣在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题全部答题时间为125分钟,不得拖延答题五、考⽣必须在答题卡上作答,凡写在试题册上的⼤案⼀律⽆效六、多项选择题每题只有⼀个答案;如多选,则该题⽆分选定答案后⽤HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应的字母中划⼀条横线划线要有⼀定的粗度,要盖过字母的底⾊七、如果要改动答案,必须先⽤橡⽪擦净原来选定的答案,然后按规定重新答题⼋、在考试过程中要注意对⾃⼰的答案保密若被他⼈抄袭,⼀经发现,后果⾃负Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. Y ou should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 竞争使⼈们充满创造⼒,使⼈们更有效率2. 竞争促使⽣产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务3. 竞争促进了社会的进⼀步发展Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from ―Jaws‖ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was overMoving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion,in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples ofanimal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. V osburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscleSkin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high ef ficiency in swimmingthrough the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxedThe Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released w hen the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bulletSource of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ―radials‖. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotio n can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energyScientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except______________[A]to find food[B]to avoid being chased by its enemies[C]to find a new place to live[D]to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________[A]humans are the most clever living creatures in the world[B]human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment[C]humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools[D]humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?[A]The skin.[B]The tail.[C]The muscle.[D]The jaw4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its to the greatest extent?[A]When moving its tail rapidly[B]When finding its preys[C]When staying without any movement[D]When bending its body in swimming5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?[A]Because it is also full of blood pressure[B]Because it is also filled of air pressure[C]Because it is also inflated by pressure[D]Because it also can be used again and again6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________[A]slowly through the water[B]rapidly through the water[C]against the current[D]at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it_____________[A]one twelfth times.[B]the same.[C]12 times.[D]1.2 times8.A shark finds its prey by_______________9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched10.When the shark detects an important food source, __________________________take placePart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each section there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) Neither of them has a favorable opinion of the service.B) The woman is having a terrible time serving in the restaurant.C) Both agree that it is time for the restaurant to fire some staff.D) The man thinks the restaurant is all right, but the woman doesn’t.12. A) He eats too much when he plays chess.B) He won’t join the chess club.C) Chess is his favorite game.D) He doesn’t enjoy chess as much as he used to.13. A) Ann should shut the door.B) Ann should be quieter.C) Ann shouldn’t have stayed at the library so long.D) Ann shouldn’t have returned home.14. A) She has another meeting all day.B) She feels the grade is all right.C) She thinks it would be wrong to change the grade.D) She can meet with the student that afternoon.15. A) The clothes don’t look clean to him.B) He doesn’t intend to get the clothes.C) The woman can pick out her own clothes.D) The woman should stop staring at his clothes.16. A) She won’t be able to come.B) She’s not going to graduate.C) She has a week to do the work.D) She’ll visit her sister in a week.17. A) She thinks a hair dryer.B) She w ants to know what’s making all the noise.C) She isn’t sure how practical the man’s gift is.D) She can’t hear anything when the hair dryer is on.18. A) She hasn’t read the passage.B) She doesn’t understand it either.C) She cannot read it in darkness.D) She suggests that the man read it.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19 A) She received an emergency call the previous day.B) She has never been to the city before.C) She would go there to spend the weekend with her sister.D) She was invited to attend her sister’s wedding.20. A) In less than an hour. C) At 11:13.B) In a minute. D) At noon.21. A) Someone to talk with.B) Interesting books to read.C) Something to eat and drink.D) Puzzles and crossword games.22. A) Thirteen pennies. C) A pound.B) Fifty pennies. D) Half priceQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It’s rather expensive.B) It’s too small for the man.C) It has plenty of light.D) It doesn’t hav e many closets.24. A) Each tenant is given a parking place.B) It’s difficult to find a parking place.C) The tenant has to pay to park.D) The tenant can use any space in the parking area.25. A) He’s unimpressed by what the woman told him.B) He doubts he can afford it.C) He doesn’t think it’s suitable for him.D) He’s enthusiastic about it.Section B:Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Their cost is very low.B) They can be used in many countries.C) The will not pollute the environment.D) They need little experimentation.27. A) It gathers heat from the sun.B) It pushes a turbine in a dam.C) It causes winds to turn a windmill.D) It warms up the land along the coast.28. A) Slowing down the Earth’s rotation.B) Harming the coastline.C) Changing the wave pattern.D) Polluting the water.Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard29. A) A study of a research corporation.B) One of life’s essential.C) The reasons why people don’t like breakfast.D) Breakfast and human health.30. A) Taking no breakfast does good to one’s health.B) Taking no breakfas t does no harm to one’s health.C) Scientific evidence is not enough.D) Eating little in the morning is good for us.31. A) Anyone without breakfast does improve his performance.B) Not having breakfast improve one’s performance.C) Having breakfast impro ve one’s performance.D) Performance is not related to whether having breakfast or not. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard32. A) How Ray Kroc made money for the brothers.B) How to start our own restaurant.C) A restaurant in California in 1948.D) How the McDonald’s business started and grew.33. A) They wanted customers to pay less.B) Customers would get their meals quickly.C) They could use plastic plates.D) They didn’t need waiters and waitresses.34. A) The food was delicious and healthful.B) It was quick and cheap.C) It was famous in the city.D) It was different and new.35. A) They could make a lot of friends there.B) They liked the brothers.C) They enjoyed the food, the toys and the games there.D) Their parents asked them to go there.Section C:Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Britain is changing more rapidly than ever before in her long history. In some respects the new British society (36)____________ general world trends. In other respects it has kept its own (37) _________ flavor. British society is evolving, that is to say, developing and suiting itself to rapidly changing conditions. Evolution rather than revolution or violent change is a special (38) _________of the British way of life.This is shown in one way by how the British people vote at (39) ___________. The Conservative and Labor Parties have controlled the (40) __________ scene for the last fifty years, but today neither party can any longer be sure from which class or income group its (41) _________ will come. Not long ago you would have expected the working classes always to vote for the Labor Party. The word ―labor‖ means ―hard work‖ –(42) ___________hard work with the hands. The Labor Party is the party which is supposed to (43) __________ the ―working man‖. Y ou would also have expected the upper and middle classes to vote for the Conservative Party. The word conservative means ―keeping things as they are‖. Th e Conservative Party (44) _______________________________________________________________________________. In some respects traditional British ―class distinctions‖ are becoming less clear, and you can be less sure how people will vote. Many members of the middle class support social reform. Many ordinary working people(45)_________________________________________________________________________________________. But the old divisions between the classes remain. Many Conservatives fear that the sovereignty of Parliament is being threatened by the Trade Unions. Many workers are afraid that the Conservative bosses are trying to keep their wages down. But class feelings have not reached a personal level yet. (46)____________________ _________________________________________________________________.Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The comparatively treeless plains of North Africa have suffered a progressive drying up, both 47 and man-made, but the region was 48 so rich in fertile soil that the district we now know as the Libyan Desert was, in the old days, part of the granary (粮仓) of the Roman Empire, and the centre of the Sahara 49 a busy trading population for a long period. That was when there were 50 in plenty and the fields were the traditional ―fields of the woods‖ —clearings in the forest—and therefore always tree 51 .It is the trees that lift the water and send 52 into the air so that it may fall as dew or rain further on. Trees reduce the speed of the wind, and provide shelter and shade; the roots 53 minerals in the soil and these are carried to the leaves which, when they have fulfilled their function, return to the earth, giving the soil the combination of minerals that plants require.But through the ages Africa has been 54 . Successive invaders have felled the forest to provide grazing lands for their flocks and herds. With the removal of the essential tree cover, the water 55 was broken, theearth became feverish and sick, and in course of time was unable to support those who had broken the 56 of life by removing the earth’s green mantle—the trees.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality itsfunction in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with holdconsent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no casedo the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife The wife shared i n the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who triedto exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to havea contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance.The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, ―for the sake of peace‖ Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.57.Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.[A]give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property[B]help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family[C]protect a woman against the risk of desertion[D]both A and C58.According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.[A]higher than that of a single woman[B]higher than that of her husband[C]lower than that of her husband[D]the same as that of her husband59. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?[A]To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband s personal property[B]To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance[C]To prove that women have powerful position[D]To illustrate how women win her property60.The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.[A]some of the land Miro had inherited[B]a tenth of Miro’s land[C]money for household expenses[D]money form Miro’s i nheritance61. The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________[A]sympathetic [B]disapproval [C]indifferent [D]objectivePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn'tinclude the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space tourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do:design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototypelooks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?[A] Take Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,00065. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.[C] The government has little interests in this project.[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?[A] Objective. [C] Approving.[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70a complex organization of higher mental 71 , they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .These authorities 75 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 78 to some, is not just a person witha theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 80. By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 83 the sound symbols' code of the language, to interpretmeaning for various 84, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 85 widely andenthusiastically.86 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutive [D] subjectively68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting069. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] ToPart VI T ranslation (5 minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (⾃从我们在头版上采⽤了彩⾊照⽚后).88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(⾼等动物是由低等动物发展⽽来的).89. _______________________(我要点⼀份煎蛋和熏⾁), and my colleague will have two eggs on toast.90. Children love soft drinks, ________________________(因为它味道很甜⽽且有多种⼝味).91. ________________________(科学家们将会提出)new methods of increasing the world's food supply.。
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Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (共20分,1-15题每题1分,16-19题每题0.5分,20-21每题1.5分) Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the several choices, and decide which the best answer is.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。
1. A) The man should try to be more understanding. B) The man‟s wife should be more understanding.C) The man‟s negative attitude may be derived from his childhood. D) The pessimism of man‟s wife may be the result of her past experiences. 2. A) A snowstorm. B) An earthquake. C) A traffic ac cident. D) A hurricane.3. A) The two speakers are classmates.B) The man is majoring in elementary education. C) The woman is majoring in elementary education. D) The two speakers got to know each other in a class. 4. A) She‟s got a stomachache. B) She feels perfectly fine. C) She‟s going to get married. D) She‟s going to have a baby.5. A) It is the best city he‟s ever visited. B) It was worse than he had expected.C) It is difficult to get around in the city. D) The hotel service is terrible in the city.6. A) To encourage them. B) To stop them immediately. C) To give some explanation. D) To leave them alone.7. A) Unemployment. B) Family breakup. C) Mental problems. D) Drinking.8. A) The woman is the man‟s boss. B) The man is the wo man‟s husband. C) The woman is the headmaster of a school.D) The woman wants to know something about a student.9. A) They are attending a concert. B) They are negotiating about a price. C) They are planning to go for a date. D) They are buying something for their firm.10. A) The man is a football fan. B) The man needs the woman‟s help.C) The man didn‟t watch TV last night. D) The man often has power failure at home. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。
封 装 线Listen to the following short passage, and answer the questions from 11 to 15 11. A) By studying many, many sick people. B) By studying people who didn‟t get sick.C) By studying lateral thinking. D) With help from Dr. de Bono.12. A) Never giving up. B) Getting help from others.C) Moving sideways. D) Changing you point of view.13. A) The aggressive attitude of vertical thinking. B) Traditionally western lateral thinking.C) A way to change your point of view. D) How Edward de Bono likes to solve problems.14. A) To discuss a major medical breakthroughB) To introduce a new concept of problem solving C) To talk about the life of Edward de Bono D) To control Eastern and Western ways of thinking15. A) In the early 18th century. B) In the late 18th century. C) In the early 19th century. D) In the late 19th century. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its generalidea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 16 to 19 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 20 to 21 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。
Can you recite the alphabet easily and quickly? Can you write your name (16) __________? Can you play scales(音阶) on a musical instrument?You would probably say that you memorized all this. But what you actuallydid was to learn them. And the way you learned them was by forming a (17) __________! In other words, what was once quite difficult for you, such as reciting the alphabet or playing scales, became easy and almost automaticwhen you formed the habit of doing it. So (18) __________ can be described as learning by means of forming habit.A human being has a tremendous number of such habits that (19) _________ him to do most of the ordinary things in life, such as fastening buttons or washing hands. But suppose you read a book and then someoneasked you what the book was about, or how to describe the plot. (20) _____________________________________________________________.But if you examine the situation carefully, you will see that something very分院 专业 班级 姓名 学号封 装 线 much like habit does play a part. For example, with ordinary habits, (21) ___________________________________. Now, when you give the plot of a book , or tell what it‟s about, you are doing the same kind of thing. In fact, some psychologists say that all learning (and this also means money) is made up of a vast combination of simple habits.Ⅱ. Vocabulary (共10分,每题0.5分) Section ADirections : Spell the following words with the help of their meanings or definitions and the first letter.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。