2018年江西师范大学《827英语综合》研究生入学考研真题
(NEW)江西师范大学外国语学院《716综合英语》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解2014年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary (20×1 points)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The troops ______ the city, killing and injuring hundreds.A. advertedB. bombardedC. sprintedD. interlocked【答案】B【解析】句意：军队轰炸了这座城市，造成数百人伤亡。
bombard轰炸，炮击。
advert注意；谈到。
sprint冲刺，快速跑。
interlock连锁，连结。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2. “Senior citizen” is a(n) ______ for “old person”.A. mythologyB. onsetC. euphemismD. pal【答案】C句意：“老年公民”是“老人”的委婉语。
euphemism委婉语。
【解析】mythology神话。
onset开始；攻击。
pal伙伴，朋友。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
3. We’re at a critical ______ in terms of his domestic program.A. jigB. martinC. martiniD. juncture【答案】D句意：就他的国内计划而言，我们正处于一个紧要的关口。
江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
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目 录2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2017年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2018年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Don’t mention itD. Neither do I【答案】B根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在【解析】抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。
2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did upD【答案】【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。
do up刷新；修缮。
do for适合。
do in欺骗；搞垮。
3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.—Well. _____A. So I did!B. So did I.C. So I do!D. So do I.A【答案】【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well 表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。
江西师范大学综合英语考试真题答案
江西师范大学综合英语考试真题答案Jiangxi Normal University Comprehensive English Exam AnswersPart I. Reading Comprehension (40 points)1. D. The importance of cultural knowledge in language learning.2. C. The approaches to language teaching have changed.3. B. It is important for language learners to learn about English-speaking cultures.4. A. Being aware of cultural differences.5. C. The value of using cross-cultural materials.6. B. Learn about the similarities and differences between cultures.7. D. It is crucial for language learners to be culturally aware.8. A. It helps language learners develop their skills and knowledge.9. D. Learn how cultural differences affect language learning.10. C. The impact of culture on language learning.Part II. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)11. B. as if12. C. have studied13. D. despite14. A. whether15. A. Though16. C. will have passed17. D. visited18. A. reach19. D. exceeded20. C. to21. B. scarce22. C. aimed at23. A. by24. D. groundless25. B. for26. C. will have been held28. D. principle29. B. why30. C. must31. B. appraise32. D. Until33. A. otherwise34. C. submitted35. A. whoever36. C. involved37. B. such38. A. whose39. D. on40. B. toPart III. Cloze Test (20 points)41. C. progressive42. D. can44. A. finest45. C. uncomfortable46. D. part-time47. B. studying48. A. highly49. B. valuable50. C. receivePart IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)51. D. The benefits of studying abroad.52. A. Students learn about the customs and traditions of the host country.53. B. Adapt to different cultural norms and practices.54. C. They are able to broaden their perspectives.55. A. Overcome challenges and develop independence.56. B. It provides practical experience for future careers.57. D. The importance of being open-minded and adaptable.58. A. Develop interpersonal skills and make new connections.59. C. Grasp the opportunity and make the most of the experience.60. B. The impact of studying abroad on personal growth.Part V. Writing (40 points)Essay Outline:Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic of studying abroad and its benefits.Body Paragraphs:1. Describe the cultural benefits of studying abroad.- Learning about different customs, traditions, and languages.- Developing cross-cultural communication skills.2. Discuss the academic advantages of studying in a foreign country.- Exposure to different teaching methods and perspectives.- Access to unique learning opportunities and resources.3. Explore the personal growth and development that comes from studying abroad.- Building independence and adaptability.- Gaining a broader perspective on the world.Conclusion: Summarize the key points and emphasize the importance of studying abroad for personal and academic growth.Part VI. Translation (20 points)61. B. made up of62. C. pass down63. A. in the event of64. D. point out65. B. meet up withOverall, understanding the answers provided above can serve as an effective study guide for students preparing for the Jiangxi Normal University Comprehensive English Exam. By reviewing and practicing these answers, students can enhance their language skills and improve their performance on the exam.。
2010-2013年江西师范大学827真题
江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。
江西师范大学全日制教育硕士考研参考书目一览
江西师范大学全日制教育硕士考研参考书目一览本文系统介绍江西师大全日制教育硕士考研难度，江西师大全日制教育硕士就业方向，江西师大全日制教育硕士学费介绍，江西师大全日制教育硕士考研参考书，江西师大全日制教育硕士考研初试经验五大方面的问题，凯程江西师大全日制教育硕士老师给大家详细讲解。
特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的教育硕士考研机构！五、江西师大全日制教育硕士考研参考书是什么？江西师大教育硕士考研参考书很多人都不清楚，这里凯程老师给大家整理出来了：333教育综合参考书：①教育学原理：《教育学》，王道俊、郭文安编人民教育出版社②中国教育史：《中国教育史》，孙培青编华东师范大学出版社《简明中国教育史》，王炳照等著北京师范大学出版社③外国教育史：《外国教育史》，张斌贤、王晨副编教育科学出版社④教育心理学：《教育心理学》，张大均编人民教育出版社《教育心理学》，陈琦、刘儒德编高等教育出版社以上参考书比较多，实际复习的时候，请按照凯程老师指导的重点进行复习，有些内容是不考的，帮助你减轻复习压力，提高复习效率。
四、江西师大全日制教育硕士考研辅导班有哪些？对于江西师大教育硕士考研辅导班，业内最有名气的就是凯程。
很多辅导班说自己辅导教育硕士，您直接问一句，江西师大教育硕士参考书有哪些，大多数机构瞬间就傻眼了，或者推脱说我们有专门的专业课老师给学生推荐参考书，为什么当场答不上来，因为他们根本就没有辅导过江西师大教育硕士考研，更谈不上有江西师大教育硕士考研的考研辅导资料，有考上江西师大教育硕士的学生了。
在业内，凯程的江西师大教育硕士考研非常权威，基本上考江西师大教育硕士的同学们都了解凯程，2015年共有166人考取目标院校。
凯程有系统的《333教育综合讲义》《333教育综合应试题库》《333教育综合应试解析》《333教育综合掌中宝》，也有系统的考研辅导班，及对江西师大教育硕士深入的理解和及时的考研信息。
不妨同学们实地考察一下。
2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2018年江西师范大学外国语学院827英语综合考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20×1’)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence on ANSWER SHEET.1. It is very hard to _____ him to give up smoking and drinking alcohol.A. endeavorB. refreshC. assertD. induce【答案】A【解析】句意：想让他戒烟戒酒很难。
词义辨析题。
endeavor to do sth.尝试做某事。
refresh 使恢复精力。
assert主张，坚持。
induce诱导。
故选A。
2. The man _____ that his car was the fastest in the world and nobody could compete with him in the race.A. reproachedB. braggedC. inferredD. converted【答案】B【解析】句意：他吹牛说他的车是世界上最快的，谁也比不过他。
词义辨析题。
brag吹牛，吹嘘。
reproach谴责，批评。
infer推断。
convert转变，改造。
故选B。
3. The space capsule is _____ with all the materials necessary for a ten-day flight.A. preservedB. probedC. furnishedD. profiled【答案】C【解析】句意：太空舱装有十天飞行所需的所有材料。
江西师大05年硕士研究生入学考试英语专业真题英语专业综合试题
江西师大05年硕士研究生入学考试英语专业真题英语专业综合试题江西师范大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题(B卷)科目:专业综合(英语语言文学、语言学与应用语言学方向考试试题)I. Define the following terms.（10%）1. metalanguage2. phoneme3. performative4. speech act theory5. minimal pairsII. Choose the best answer to fill in the following blanks.（20%）1. Linguists give priority to the spoken language not the written language because _________.A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have recording devices to study speechD. spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European languages2. Which of the following sounds is voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D. [t]3. In English if a word begins with a [l] or [r], then the next sound must be a _________.A. fricativeB. nasal soundC. semi-vowelD. vowel4. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is__________.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. phatic5. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are _____________.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. synonymsD. co-hyponyms6. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy7. There are __________ morphemes in the word “gentlemanliness”.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six8. The study of language development over a period of time is generally called ____________ linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic9.The words such as “lab”, “doc” are_____________.A. clipped wordsB. acronymsC. coined by back formationD. formed by blending10. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bangIII. Tell true statements from false. Write T for true statements in the bracket and F for false ones.（15%）( ) 1. Competence and performance mean, to N. Chomsky, much the same thing.( ) 2. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.( ) 3. [t] is a voiceless alveolar plosive.( ) 4. Langue is relatively stable and systematic whilst parole is subject to personal and situational constraints. ( ) 5. The interpretation of a sentence is nearly always dominated by context effects, either general knowledge or information from earlier parts of the communication.( ) 6. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the mentalism theory.( ) 7. The Formal approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in the beginning of the twentieth century.( ) 8. According to Horn, the unmarked form is used for a stereotypical, unmarked situation and the marked counterpartfor the situation “left over”.( ) 9. Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance. ( )10. An assumption is relevant in a context to the extent that the effort required to process it in this context is large.IV. Answer the following questions.（30%）1. How is behaviorist psychology related to linguistics ?（8%）2. What are the three important points of the Prague School ?（7%）3. What contribution did the London School make to the study of meaning ?（15%）V. (此题为英语语言文学方向考生必考题)Linguistics contributes a lot to the language teaching and learning. Give your comments.（15%）参考答案I. Define the following terms.（10%）1. metalanguage (北大教材p.16)2. phoneme (北大教材p.56)(上外教材p.24)3. performative (北大教材p.13)4. speech act theory (上外教材p.87)5. minimal pairs (上外教材p.25) (北大教材p.55)II. Choose the best answer to fill in the following blanks.（20%）(B) 1. Linguists give priority to the spoken language not the written language because _______.A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have recording devices to study speechD. spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European languages(A) 2. Which of the following sounds is voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D. [t](D) 3. In English if a word begins with a [l] or [r], then the next sound must be a _________.A. fricativeB. nasal soundC. semi-vowelD. vowel(D) 4. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is__________.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. phatic(B) 5. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are _____________.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. synonymsD. co-hyponyms(D) 6. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy(B) 7. There are __________ morphemes in the word“gentlemanliness”.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six(B) 8. The study of language development over a period of time is generally called ____________ linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic(A) 9.The words such as “lab”, “doc” are_____________.A. clipped wordsB. acronymsC. coined by back formationD. formed by blending(A) 10. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bangIII. Tell true statements from false. Write T for true statements in the bracket and F for false ones.（15%）(F) 1. Competence and performance mean, to N. Chomsky, much the same thing.(北大教材p.25) different (T) 2. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(上外教材p.8) (T) 3. [ t ] is a voiceless alveolar plosive.(北大教材p.44)(上外教材p.20)(T) 4. Langue is relatively stable and systematic whilst parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.(上外教材p.5)(北大教材p.24)(T) 5. The interpretation of a sentence is nearly always dominated by context effects, either general knowledge or information from earlier parts of the communication.(F) 6. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is knownas the mentalism theory.(北大教材p.160) the referential theory(F) 7. The Formal approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in the beginning of the twentieth century.(北大教材p.119) Structural(T) 8. According to Horn, the unmarked form is used for a stereotypical, unmarked situation and the marked counterpart for the situation “left over”.(北大教材p.271)数量原则和关系原则(T) 9. Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance.(北大教材p.263)关联理论(F) 10. An assumption is relevant in a context to the extent that the effort required to process it in this context islarge.关联理论(北大教材p.264) smallIV. Answer the following questions.（30%）1. How is behaviorist psychology related to linguistics ?（8%）(北大教材p.427)即教材p.459练习第9题2. What are the three important points of the Prague School ?（7%）(北大教材p.394)3. What contribution did the London School make to thestudy of meaning ?（15%）(北大教材p.401)强调语境的重要性V. (此题为英语语言文学方向考生必考题)Linguistics contributes a lot to the language teaching and learning. Give your comments.（15%）(北大教材p.354)综合相关内容。
2018硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题和答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ wi llingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belong s to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of t he state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quic k put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t fe el likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat const ant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be dueto the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circui ts in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: th at is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask f or their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped r eading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up ne w avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他4.7%价格8.4%特色36.3%环境23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。
④827英语综合__2018 英语综合学科教学试卷 江西师大
江西师范大学 2018 年全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
（本试题共11 页）I Grammar and Vocabulary (20×1’)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence on ANSWER SHEET.1.It is very hard to him to give up smoking and drinking alcohol.A．endeavor B. refresh C. assert D. induce2.The man that his car was the fastest in the world and nobody could compete with him in the race.A.reproachedB. braggedC. inferredD. converted3.The space capsule is with all the materials necessary for a ten-day flight.A.preservedB. probedC. furnishedD. profiled4.The modern child finds it difficult to of a time when there was no radio or TV.A. concealB. conceiveC. consoleD. fancy5.The woman standing in the doorway the sleeping baby in her arms.A. claspingB. soothingC. rollingD. quenching6.Ninety percent of the inhabitants are in productive work of some kind.A. engagedB. involvedC. concernedD. related7.To get my travelers’ cheques I had to a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.A. make forB. make offC. make outD. make over8.The information is not given in Chapter one or Chapter five; it must be one of thechapter.A. interveningB. interferingC. integralD. interacting9.All foreign merchants were made to put heavy on the goods they sold and bought.A.feesB. pricesC. revenuesD. duties10.The broad aim of the meeting was that experts working in the same technical area should meet to exchange .A. experimentB. expositionC. expertiseD. emotion11.The landscape will have a(n) change after a rainstorm in the desert.A. mysteriousB. incisiveC. ambiguousD. abrupt12.Mary has bought a carpet, which she will send to her mother as a birthday present.A. Chinese beautiful greenB. beautiful green ChineseC. green beautiful ChineseD. Chinese green beautiful13.A person’s calorie requirements vary his life.A. acrossB. throughoutC. overD. within14.It seems oil from his pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking15., but it also filters out harmful sun rays.A.The atmosphere gives us air to breatheB.Not only the atmosphere gives us air to breatheC.Not only does the atmosphere give us air to breatheD.The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe16.If you are a , determined person you stand a better chance of surviving in difficult circumstances.A. respectfulB. reflectiveC. resoluteD. resourceful17.She nurtured dreams of opening ceremony night, being onstage in a mink coat to share a bow of her successful husband.A. purgedB. strodeC. ponderedD. coaxed18.The club members voted to the ban on smoking.A. repealB. repelC. refrainD. reside19.With price so much, it’s hard to plan a budget.A. fluctuatingB. tiltingC. tumblingD. flapping20.I don’t know if the story is true, but I’ll try to it.A. reinforceB. verifyC. identifyD. conformII Cloze text (20×1’)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEETResearchers have found more evidence that hostility can 21 to heart disease, according to a report in the current issue of the journal Psychosomatic Medicine. They found that hostility may be linked to the metabolic 22 , a set of risk factors23 with heart disease, including obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Isulin resistance occurs when the body become less 24 to the hormone insulin, and may be a precursor of diabetes. “It has not really been clear how hostility plays itself out in terms of physiological risk,” said Dr Raymond Niaura. “We’re seeing how all these things 25 for the first time.”The researchers studied over 1,000 men aged 44 to 92 who 26 in the Normative Aging Study between 1987 and 1991. When 27 on the Cook-Hedley Hostility Scale, the participants 28 higher hostility scores were also more likely to be overweight, have abdominal and upper body obesity, and have insulin resistance all risk factors for heart d isease.“I’m not sure you could say that if you scored a certain number on the hostility 29 , you’d be two or three times more likely to 30 heart disease,” said Niaura.“Finally,we’ll look at how it all plays out in 31 of disease.” Since 98%of the initial 32 were older white men, the researchers suggest that it is not known 33 its findings are applicable to women, young men or men of different races. “If people have the metabolic risk factors, they really need to see their doctor,”34 Niaura.Their study also found more evidence that men 35 fewer years of education were more 36 to be hostile. The finding suggests “that hostility may be part of the cognitive/ emotional / behavioral response to the 37 stress of low socioeconomic 38 ”, said Niaura in a statement. More research is needed to take socioeconomic factors into 39 , and to look for the biological connection40 hostility, obesity and heart risk, he said.21.A. contribute B. lead C. attribute D. link22.A. disorder B. condition C. epidemic D. syndrome23.A. coincided B. connected C. related D. associated24.A. reactionary B. responsive C. conducive D. acute25.A. behave B. function C. interconnect D. involved26.A. participated B. entered C. displayed D. enforeced27.A. measuring B. measured C. counting D. counted28.A. had B. possessed C. with D. on29.A. balance B. scale C. hierarchy D. rank30.A form B. infect C. contact D. develop31.A. relations B. terms C. place D. behalf32.A. sample B. subject C. group D. team33.A. that B. how C. why D. if34.A. advised B. argued C. declared D. proclaimed35.A. had B. for C. with D. who36.A. likely B. likeable C. lovable D. liable37.A. pervasive B. chronic C. persuasive D. prevalent38.A. state B. class C. status D. classification39.A. considerations B. concern C. thoughts D. account40.A. with B. to C. between D. amongIII Reading （20×2’）TEXT AScientists say they may have solved a far-out mystery: how Uranus and Neptune came to exist at the very edges of the solar system. A new study says the two icy planets may have been born much closer to the sun than previously thought, and ended up in their current orbits after gravitational forces from Jupiter violently hurled them away. That would explain how the two planetary giants--- each more than 10 times the mass of the Earth--- could exist at the far edge of the solar system, where there was not enough gas and dust to make a planet eons ago.The study is based on computer simulations conducted by Martin Duncan ofQueen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, and colleagues. It was published in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature. All of the planets in the solar system are believed to have evolved through the accumulation of a large number of small bodies that circulated in a huge disk around the sun. The researchers theorize that Uranus and Neptune formed their cores near the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, within a ring of about 5 to 10 astronomical units from the sun. One astronomical unit equals the distance from the sun to the Earth. (Earth, however, is thought to have formed much later than the big planets.Previous estimates of 10 to 20 AU have been given for the birthplaces of Uranus and Neptune, which now orbit at 19 and 30 AU, respectively. Duncan said Jupiter grew fastest because it was closest to the sun, where the planet-forming disk was the most dense, and then exerted gravitational forces on its smaller planetary siblings. Saturn may have helped eject Uranus and Neptune.Renu Malhotra, a scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, said the study does not explain why Uranus and Neptune did not accumulate gas like Jupiter and Saturn, since the four planets formed at roughly the same time and in roughly the same place.Malhotra said the evidence shows that Uranus and Neptune were formed perhaps 30% closer to the sun than their present locations--- but not as close as Duncan proposes. The planets then may have gently migrated out to their current locations, she said. He also said that gravity and friction from gas that surrounded Uranus and Neptune could have prevented them from being hurled out. Alan Boss, an astrophysicist at the Caregie Institution in Washington, said more research is needed on Duncan’s theory. “It’s a radical idea.” He said, “but since we’re in a stalemate on Neptune and Uranus, maybe we need a radical idea.”41.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Uranus and Neptune may have been born close to the sun.B.Uranus and Neptune may have been hurled away by Jupiter.C.Both Uranus and Neptune are larger than the earth.D.There was not enough gas and dust to make a giant planet at the far end of the solar system.42.Duncan’s study indicates .A.that all the planets evolve from many small bodies around the sunB.that Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar systemC.that Uranus and Neptune may have been born closer to the sun.D.why Uranus and Jeptune did not accumulate gas43.Malhotra’s view differs from that of Duncan’s in that .A.she argues Uranus and Neptune have greatly migrated to their present locationsB.she thinks Uranus and Neptune were 70% further away from the sunC.She believes Uranus and Jeptune were 10 to 20 AU around the sunD.She proposes Uranus and Neptune were 30% closer to the sun44.According to the passage, the reason why Uranus and Neptune were not hurled far out as a result of .A. gravityB. frictionC. gasD. sun45.The author’s attitude toward the proposed solutions to the mystery is .A. radicalB. impartialC. uncertainD. funnyTEXT BPublic relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion or reaction about an idea, a product or an organization. The field of public relations has become an important part of the economic, social and political pattern of life in many nations. That field includes advertising, promotional activities, and press contact. Public relations also exists at the same time in business with marketing and merchandising to create the climate in which all selling functions occur.Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with many problems, to build prestige for an individual or a group, to promote products, and to win elections. The majority of public relations workers are staff employers working within a corporate or institutional framework. Other operate in public relations counseling firms.In industry, public relations personnel keep management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics (that is, the groups of people whose support is needed): employee, stockholders, customers and so on. These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action---- or lack of action on the behavior of the target audiences. Once an organizational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communicating this information to the public using methods that promote understanding, consent, and desired behavior. For example, a hospital merger, an industrial plant closing, or the introduction of a new product all require public relations planning and skill.Public relations activities are a major part of the political process in many nations. Politicians seeking office, government agencies seeking acceptance and cooperation, officials seeking support of their policies, and foreign governments seeking aid and allies abroad all make extensive use of counseling services provided by public relations specialists.Public relations also plays an important role in the entertainment industry. The theater, motion pictures, sports, restaurants, and individuals all use public relations services to increase their business or add to their image. Other public relations clients are educational, social service, and charitable institutions, trade unions, religious groups, and professional societies.The successful public relations practitioner is a specialist in communication arts and persuasion. Specialized skills are required to handle opinion research, media relations, direct mail activities, institutional advertising, publications, film and video production, and special events. Public relations services are so far virtually unused in many developing nations, but they are likely to be a future government concern.46.The first paragraph focuses on .A. the definitions of public relationsB. the procedures of public relationsC. the classification of public relationsD. the increasing role of public relations47.Which of the following is true about public relations personnel in industry?A.They spend considerable time conducting opinion rolls.B.They offer advice to management in decision making.C.They are employed to serve the interests of management.D.They seem primarily concerned with building prestige for companies.48.Which of the following might have little to do with public relations?A. ClimateB. ChurchC. CorporationD. sports49.Which of the following is not correct about public relations operations?A.Quite a number of them are operated by self-employed individuals.B.The work involved is often complicated and challenging.C.They are developing rapidly in nearly every country.D.The practitioners are often artists and good at persuasion.50.Which can NOT be inferred from the passage?A.Movie stars may use public relations activities to build up their image.B.Eager politicians often resort to public relations for personal advancement.C.Public relations sometimes extend beyond the boundaries of a nation.D.Public relations is a promising subject to study in developing nationsTEXT CYears of watching and comparing bright children and those not bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, unite himself with it. There is no wall, no barrier between him and life. The dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in worlds of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can’t do something one way, he’ll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a good deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try fails he is through.The bright child is patient. He can tolerate uncertainty and failure, and will keep trying until he gets an answer. When all his experiments fail, he can even admit to himself and others that for the time being he is not going to get an answer. This may annoy him, but he can wait. Very often, he does not want to be told how to do the problem or solve the puzzle he has struggled with, because he does not want to be cheated out of the chance to figure it out for himself in the future. Not so the dull child. He cannot stand uncertainty or failure. To him, an unanswered question is not a challenge or an opportunity, but a threat. If he can’t find the answer quickly, it must be given to him, and quickly; and he must have answers for everything. Such are the children of whom a second grade teacher once said, “but my children like to have questions for which there is only one answer.” They did; and by a mysterious coincidence, so did she.The bright child is willing to go ahead on the basis of incomplete understanding and information. He will take risks, sail uncharted seas, explore when the landscape is dim, the land marks few, the light poor. To give only one example, he will often readbooks he does not understand in the hope that after a while enough understanding will emerge to make it worthwhile to go on. In this spirit some of my fifth graders tried to read Moby Dick. But the dull child will go ahead only when he thinks he knows exactly where he stands and exactly what is ahead of him. If he does not feel he knows exactly what an experience will be like, and if it will not be exactly like other experience he already knows, he wants no part of it. For while the bright child feels that the universe is on the whole a sensible, reasonable, and trustworthy place, the dull child feels that it is senseless, unpredictable, and treacherous. He feels that he can never tell what may happen, particularly in a new situation, except that it will probably be bad.51.If the dull child fails in the first attempt, he will .A try again B. be encouraged to go onC. get advice from othersD. lose confidence52.What does the rod “maxim” in the first paragraph most probably mean?A. ExampleB. PrincipleC. ToleranceD. Understanding53.Why does the bright child refuse to get help from others even when he fails?A.Because he is confident of his own ability.B.Because he looks down upon other people.C.Because he wants to have another chance to try by himself.D.Because he is willing to have difficulties all his life.54.According to the author, the reason why some fifth grade students want to read “Moby Dick” is probably that .A.they enjoy reading a difficult book and understanding it bit by bitB.they think the book is well-written and worth readingC.they want to show off their ability to their teachersD.they are fond of taking risks and trying everything by themselves55.It is implied but not stated in the text that .A.when the dull child doesn’t know what will happen, he is sure that the situation will be a bad one.B.some teachers like to provide answers to their students, thus the students will always depend on their teachers for help.C.the dull child is afraid of difficulties and does not want to try anything unpredictable or challenging.D.the bright child is always confident of himself and enjoys finding answers to difficult questions.TEXD DFor parents who send their kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.” Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study that reported students’ emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.One technique involves slowing your thoughts and focusing on your heartbeat, breathing slowly and deeply, and focusing on the positive feeling that you receive.Finally, stress can be lessened by loving what you study. Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.56.The author cites the latest research study in order to show that .A.students are studying harder in collegeB.most students have part-time job nowC.stress continues to the time of graduationD.students only feel stressed while in school57.According to the passage, stress might cause all the following negative effects EXCEPT .A. socialB. mentalC. emotionalD. physical58.In the author’s opinion, stress can be controlled by_ .A. doing what you preferB. identifying your present emotional state firstC. finding a more positive feeling firstD. focusing on your emotional state59.According to the context, what does "your own biology” mean in the last paragraph?A. Your current major.B. Your future job.C. Your future research.D. Your preference.60.Which of the following is the best as the title of the passage?A. Causes of Stress.B. Type of Stress.C. Life and Stress.D. Stress and Control Methods.IV Translation (2×20’)Section A Chinese to EnglishTranslate the following text into English。
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案2018 考研英语真题原文及参考答案一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhen Steven Spielberg was a teenager, his parents moved to New Jersey, and he very much wanted to attend a local university. So Spielberg created his own student identification card that said he was 21 and then forged his birth date on his driver’s license (驾照) to match the ID card. With them, plus a tall frame, he got a job as an intern (实习生) with Universal Studiosin Hollywood.Spielberg had learned to direct movies while he was young, often using his family’s movie camera to shoot home movies. The studio, intrigued with him, let him develop his short (短篇的) film into a full-length one, Amblin'.A Universal executive saw the movie and eventually signed (签约) Spielberg to a directing contract. By the age of 20, he was the youngest director at a major studio.Steven Spielberg has gone on to direct many of the most successful movies ever released by Hollywood, including E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,Jaws, Indiana Jones, and Saving Private Ryan. Today, he is considered one of the most successful and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.16. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The success of Steven Spielberg’s movies.B. How Spielberg got a directing contract.C. Spielberg’s experiences working at Universal Studios.D. How Spielberg got into the university.17. What helped Spielberg to get a job as an intern?A. His parents’ support for his choice.B. His talent in directing movies.C. His forged identification documents.D. His previous experience at a major studio.18. What can we learn about Spielberg from the text?A. He was rejected by Universal Studios at first.B. Amblin' was developed from a short film.C. He shot E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at home.D. He was already famous when he was a teenager.【答案与解析】16. 答案选 C。
江西师范大学2013年827学科英语考研真题
江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。
2018年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及问题详解
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance —but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation —and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t feel likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“ At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused andunfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他 4.7%价格 8.4%特色 36.3%环境 23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。
江西师范大学学科教学(英语)827英语综合2018到2015四套考研真题
D. The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe
16. If you are a ______, determined person you stand a better chance of surviving in
9. All foreign merchants were made to put heavy ______ on the goods they sold and
bought.
A. fees B. prices
C. revenues D. duties
10. The broad aim of the meeting was that experts working in the same technical area
C. green beautiful Chinese D. Chinese green beautiful
13. A person’s calorie requirements vary _____ his life.
A. across
B. throughout C. over D. within
14. It seems oil ____ from his pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine
apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
A. mysterious B. incisive
C. ambiguous D. abrupt
12. Mary has bought a ______ carpet, which she will send to her mother as a birthday
江西师范大学2013年827学科英语考研真题
江西师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.(A)involve (C) specialize(B) participate (D) consists2.American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.(A) discharged (C) boosted(B) dominated (D) burdened3. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.(A)penalty (C) pattern(B) plot (D) practice4. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.(A) turn up (C) make up(B) pick up (D) draw up5. The most successful past-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.(A) apply (C) employ(B) utilize (D)exert6. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones .(A)dissolve (C) discount(B) disguise (D)distinguish7. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potentialemployer.(A)illusion (C) reflection(B)impression (D) reputation8. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.(A) treat (C) urge(B)appeal (D) compel9.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployments benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.(A) look forward to (C) hold on to(B)catch up with (D)come in for10. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.(A) possessions (C)privileges(B) possibilities (D) preferences11.You should have put the milk in the ice box: I expect it ______ undrinkable by now .(A) became (C) has become(B)had become (D) becomes12. Codes are a way of writing something in secret, _______ , anyone who doesn’t know the code will not be able to read it.(A)that is (C) in short(B) worse still (D)on the other hand13. His long service with the company was _______ with a present.(A)admitted (C) attributed(B) acknowledged (D) accepted14. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and water of its lake, rivers and oceans.(A)are (C) do(B) is (D)has15. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.(A) in between (C) far apart(B) among them (D) from each other16.The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action.(A) acute (C) profound(B) alert (D) prompt17. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.(A)habit (C) routine(B) practice (D) custom18. The criminal always paid _______ cash so the police could not track him down.(A) on (C) for(B) by (D) in19. ________ when she started complaining.(A)Not until he arrived (C) No sooner had he arrived(B)Hardly had he arrived (D) Scarcely did he arrive20. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.(A) that (C) one(B) it (D) whatII.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d.You should decide on the best choice and write the ans wer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms.”She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behaviors, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli,;asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person abouthim or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions, It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. Secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. Disclosure and truthful statements).21.The word “pinpoint”(Para 1, Line 3) basically means ________.(A) appreciate(B)obtain(C) interpret(D)identify22.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(A) People are better described in cold, objective terms(B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated(C) One should not judge people by their appearance(D)One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality23.It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.(A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion.(B) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly(C) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons(D)face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are _________.(A)personal matters that should seriously dealt with(B) barriers that should be done away with(C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements(D) things people should guard against25.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.(A)to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasions.(B)to provide ways of how to obtain information about people(C)to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s characters(D) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage TwoPsychiatrists（精神病专家)who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes more money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers,”end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grade, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young, Lately, he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.” My body is aging,”says Metcalf ,”You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.” They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents , or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.”says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕）treatment. Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins.”We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years,”a sense of family”.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.”The dads are older, more mature,”says Dr.Silber,” and more ready to focus on parenting.”26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?(A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demand.(B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.(C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.(D) Older parents can take better care of their children27. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”(Line7-8,Para.1)?(A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.(B) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.(C) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.(D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.28.The author gives the example of Henry Matcalf to show that _________.(A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.(B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy(C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.(D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.29. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?(A) Being laughed at by other people .(B) Slowing down their pace of life.(C) Being mistaken for grandparents.(D) Approaching of death.30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?(A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment(B) Not until they have the twins did they feel they had formed a family.(C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.(D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage ThreeInterest in pursing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their bome borders for talents.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. Theymay want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing, The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order . Chronological order means listing your “oldest ”work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preference about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education “ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.panies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.(A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home .(B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented.(C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas(D)they want to expand their business beyond home borders32.The author believe that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.(A) is usually creative and full of initiative.(B) aims to improve his foreign language skills.(C) seeks either his own or his children’s development.(D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home.33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.(A)know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes.(B) following appropriate guidelines for job hunting.(C) learn about the company’s hiring process.(D) take cultural factors into consideration.34.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.(A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences.(B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home.(C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a “cross-border” career.(D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker.35. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the appliance should be aware of ________.(A) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format.(B) the different educational system in the US and the UK.(C) the difference between the varieties of English.(D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures.Passage FourSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器)，and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-sellphone, a microprocessor and memory,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.”The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by theignition(点火)key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal ears, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key is responsible for 40%of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations center that is has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movement via the car’s GPS unit.36.What’s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car?(A) To allow the car to look automatically when stolen.(B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.(C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.(D) To prevent car thief by sending a radio signal to the car owner.37. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines1-2,Para 3), Martyn Randall suggests that _______.(A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft.(B) the thief has to make use of computer technology .(C) it makes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing.(D) the chief has lost interest in stealing cars 10 years old.38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?(A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(B) A unique ID card.(C) A special cellphone signal.(D) A coded ignition key.39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations center.(A) To give the driver time to contact the operations center.(B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(C) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.(D)To leave time for the operations center to give an alarm.40.What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?.(A) Start the tracking system.(B) Locate the missing car.(C) Contact the car owner.(D) Block the car engine.III.Cloze (20 points, 1 x 2)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __41__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __42__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __43__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __44__ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __45__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __46__to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __47__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials ----such as paints that release significantly __48__ amounts of organic compounds---that don’t __49__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately __50__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating __51__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __52__reused by industry again and again, As a matter of __53__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __54__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one __55__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __56__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __57__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __58__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __59__ effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either,__60__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.41. a. off b.away c.before d.ago42. a. practice b.idea c.outlook d.scheme43. a. go b.continue e d.arrive44. a. relevant b.indoor c. flexible d.inward45. a. revealed b.displayed c.exhibited d.discovered46. a. back b.near c.down d.next47. a. cautions fortable c.stable d.safe48. a. reduced b.revised c.delayed d.descended49. a. destroy b.deny c.dissolve d.depress50. a. anyway b. besides c anyhow d. However51. a. exactly pletely c.partially d.superficially52. a. and b.nor c.or d.but53. a. principle b.course c. interest d.fact54. a. developed b.sketched c.researched d.constructed55. a. looks b.pulls c.starts d.makes56. a. originally b.traditionally c.basically d.inevitably57. a. instead b.because c.out d.regardless58. a. adjusting b.adopting c.adapting d.admitting59. a. functional b. sensible c beneficial d. precious60. a. full b. entire c total d. completeIV.Translation (40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)许多专家认为。
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（ A 卷）
专业： 学科教学（英语）
科目： 英语综合
注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答பைடு நூலகம்纸上的一律无效。
（本试题共 11 页）
I Grammar and Vocabulary (20×1’)
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence on
A. engaged B. involved C. concerned D. related
7. To get my travelers’ cheques I had to ____ a special cheque to the bank for the total
amount.
A. make for B. make off C. make out D. make over
5. The woman standing in the doorway _____ the sleeping baby in her arms.
A. clasping B. soothing C. rolling D. quenching
6. Ninety percent of the inhabitants are _____ in productive work of some kind.
with him in the race.
A. reproached B. bragged C. inferred D. converted
3. The space capsule is ____ with all the materials necessary for a ten-day flight.
A. preserved B. probed C. furnished D. profiled
4．The modern child finds it difficult to ____ of a time when there was no radio or TV.
A. conceal B. conceive C. console D. fancy
D. The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe
16. If you are a ______, determined person you stand a better chance of surviving in
14. It seems oil ____ from his pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine
apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
8. The information is not given in Chapter one or Chapter five; it must be one of the
_____ chapter.
A. intervening B. interfering C. integral D. interacting
C. green beautiful Chinese D. Chinese green beautiful
13. A person’s calorie requirements vary _____ his life.
A. across
B. throughout C. over D. within
ANSWER SHEET.
1. It is very hard to _____ him to give up smoking and drinking alcohol.
A．endeavor B. refresh C. assert D. induce
2. The man ____ that his car was the fastest in the world and nobody could compete
A. mysterious B. incisive
C. ambiguous D. abrupt
12. Mary has bought a ______ carpet, which she will send to her mother as a birthday
present.
A. Chinese beautiful green B. beautiful green Chinese
9. All foreign merchants were made to put heavy ______ on the goods they sold and
bought.
A. fees B. prices
C. revenues D. duties
10. The broad aim of the meeting was that experts working in the same technical area
should meet to exchange ______.
A. experiment B. exposition C. expertise D. emotion
11. The landscape will have a(n) _____ change after a rainstorm in the desert.
15. ________, but it also filters out harmful sun rays.
A. The atmosphere gives us air to breathe
B. Not only the atmosphere gives us air to breathe
C. Not only does the atmosphere give us air to breathe