英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】

英汉词语对比与翻译 --- 系统、语义及其他

词类在英汉语中使用的频率有差异

1.我成功了。 I was in success.

2. The old man cast impatient glances at the clock. 这位老师不耐烦地看了看钟。

3.他初出茅庐，没有什么经验。 He is a green hand

4. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together.

一进门，我就想起来了被我摔碎的娃娃。我摸索着走到壁炉跟前，捡起了碎片。

A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese --- 英汉语对比研究

人到齐就开会。

The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。

Don’t say what others have said.

帐单撕碎了。

The bill was torn to pieces.

问题解决了。The problem was solved.

你再说一个字，我马上走。

If you should say one more word, I would go at once.

你死了，我去当和尚。

If you should die, I would go and be a monk.

1．人在阵地在。

The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.(Condition 条件)

2．人无远虑，必有近忧。

If one has no long-term considerations, he will find trouble at his doorstep.(Condition 条件) 3．病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。

Sickness comes like an avalanche(雪崩) , but goes like reeling silk. (Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折)

4．我来他已去。

He had left when I arrived.(Time Order 时间先后)

5．他人老心不老。

Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart. (Concession 让步)

Look at the sentence structures of the two languages from another perspective:

1．我的小子他很调皮。 My little grandson is very naughty.

2．那所房子你们早该修了。 You should have repaired the house.

3．英语这门语言，学会它可不容易。 It is by no means easy to learn the English language. 4．这里建大桥，我看行不通。 I don’t think it workable to build a bridge here.

1．志同道合，友谊才会持久。

Friendship will last only if it is based on a common goal.

Only if friendship is based on a common goal, it will last.

2．天下雨，运动会延期了。

The sports meet was postponed because of rain.

Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed.

3．We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts (棚户区)not far away from the Central Avenue.

我们看到很多住人的迹象，当漫步街头走过一个很大的棚户集中地，离中央大道不远。

我们漫步街头，在中央大道附近发现了一个很大的棚户区，有很多迹象表明茅棚里还住了人。Contrast and Translation --- 对比与翻译【句法】

Contrast Between English and Chinese：

Difference 1

English : Impersonal (物称) Chinese: Personal (人称)

1．Astonishment and even horror oppressed him. 他感到惊讶甚至恐惧。2．Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。3．The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.

我一看到那棵大树就想起了童年的情景。

Difference 2

English : Passive (被动) Chinese: Active (主动)

4．They are paid for this.

他们拿钱就是干这事的。

5．The difficulties have been overcome, and the problem solved.

困难克服了，问题也解决了。6．Table tennis is played all over China.

打乒乓球风靡中国。

7．Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?

为什么总要把这些麻烦事推给我？

Difference 3

English : Static (静态) Chinese: Dynamic (动态)

8．She is the best hater I’ve ever known. 我所认识的人中数她最会记仇。

9．There is a crying need for a new remedy. 现在急需想出新法子来补救。

10．It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal（辞退）.

要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。

Difference 4

English : Complex (繁复) Chinese: Simple (简明)

11．It is advised that the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the lecture theatre last Sunday put it back if he does not wish to get into trouble.

上星期傍晚，有人看到某人在演讲厅取走雨伞一把，取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞放回原处为好。12．The image of the rolling water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.

顷刻之间，滚滚的浊水连人带车一古脑儿都给冲走了。这情景，直到现在还印在我的脑海里。

Difference 5

English : Abstract (抽象） Chinese: Concrete （具体）

13．He was impressed by Deng Xiaoping’s flexibility.

他对的灵活态度印象深刻。

14．Their eccentricity （古怪） often makes you frown.

他们的古怪行为常常令人皱眉。

15．We stepped onto the mysterious land with caution and uneasiness.

我们怀着谨慎和不安的心情踏上了那片神秘的国土。

Difference 6