unit 1,硕士生英语综合教程2课本原文 电子版

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全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元a课文翻译及原文 整理版

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元a课文翻译及原文 整理版

Unit1 A Learning, Chinese-StyleUnit2 A A Life Full of RichesUnit3 A Father Knows BetterUnit4 A A Virtual LifeUnit5 A True HeightUnit6 A A Woman Can Learn Anything a Man CanUnit1Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行,阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。

Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春,我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。

研究生综合英语2课文及课后习题翻译

研究生综合英语2课文及课后习题翻译

Unit One---Coping with the Compliment如何应对恭维尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。

例如,如果一位女士走到我跟前,说道:“你的胡子最迷人,”我会无所适从,不知怎样回答才好。

我可能会惊慌得脱口而出:“我也喜欢您的胡子。

”在社会交往中,应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多,这话听起来有点矛盾,却有一定的道理。

闲聊时来句恭维话,往往让我们大多数人不知所措。

例如,有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话,我们就慌得说不出话来,膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。

如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时,我根本无法欣然接受。

我家住在一个小山上,俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。

来访者惊叹道:“天哪!你这儿的景色太美了!”整个山谷原本就在那里,不是我造的,也不属于我。

然而我傻乎乎地笑着说:“噢,没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。

”我在接受这种特定的恭维时,表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。

”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。

就某样东西说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就是,还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。

不久前,我和一批人在一起时,其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。

“我们生活的这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星,是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。

”随后便是长时间的停顿。

这时,一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女,禁不住说道,“嗯,我们喜欢这个地球。

”我认为,对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。

“多漂亮的礼服啊!”你的朋友赞美道。

“噢,这么破的旧衣服!”你回答道。

这种情景,与我上述提出的观点非常相似。

别人赞美你的礼服,你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。

如果你这么说,“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的,”你可能会感觉更好些。

(word完整版)综合教程 第二册 Unit1(2021年整理精品文档)

(word完整版)综合教程 第二册 Unit1(2021年整理精品文档)

(word完整版)综合教程第二册Unit1编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望((word完整版)综合教程第二册Unit1)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为(word完整版)综合教程第二册Unit1的全部内容。

Unit 1 Ways of LearningText A Learning, Chinese-StyleI. Teaching Objectives and RequirementsStudents should be able to:1. Grasp the main idea and structure of text A;2。

Appreciate the diffierent ways to compare and contrast;3。

Master the key language points and learn how to use them in context;4. Understand the cultural background related to the content;5。

Write a notice in an appropriate way.II. Teaching Arrangements1. Text analysis (2 class periods)2. Text analysis (2 class periods)3. Listening and Speaking (2 class periods)III. Teaching Important Points and Difficult Points:1.Some band-4 words and phrases2.Some sentence structures to understand3.Writing techniquesIV. Teaching Methods and Means1。

研究生综合英语2 unit1

研究生综合英语2 unit1

Writing Skills
Additional Work
Unit 1 Coping with the Compliment
Warm-up Activities 1. Have you ever received any compliment? How do you respond to it? 2. Do you know how Chinese people usually cope with compliments? How are the Chinese reactions to compliments different from Americans’?
Unit 1 Coping with the Compliment
5. paradox Paradox is a statement which seems to be foolish or opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may contain a truth. For example, more haste, less speed. 6. Flattery will get you everywhere This statement derives from a well-known saying “Flattery will get you nowhere” but expresses the opposite value or philosophy. “Flattery will get you nowhere” means mere flattery is of no use while “Flattery will get you everywhere” implies flattery is always welcome.

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译.pdf

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译.pdf

学海无涯Unit1One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers teachers are are fearful that if skills skills are are not acquired acquired early, early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the the important important important question becomes this: Can question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees'children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success."He'd say, 'That fellow worked hard, let's give him a little extra,'" recalls recalls retired retired retired president president president Ferold F. Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. "I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.""The reason for our success," success," says says Walton, in a company handout, handout, "is our people "is our people and the way they're treated treated and and and the the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit."Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: "I've never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn't better off. And I don't mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It's just something about him -- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person." Making the journey from log cabin to White House is part of the American Dream. But when Jimmy Carter was defeated in his attempt to gain a second term as President of the United States he found himself suddenly thrown out of the White House and back in his log cabin. cabin. This This is how he coped.SEAN: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while,it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I I think that's sometimes the think that's sometimes the problem. problem. He He He wants wants wants to to to do do do things things for us, things he thinks thinks are are good. But he needs needs to to give them more thought because:SEAN, HEIDI and DIANE: (In unison) Father knows better! (The lights quickly fade to black and then come up a second or two later. DIANE stands alone at the Down Right edge of the stage. HEIDI and SEAN enter Down Left and cross to the edge of the stage. )DIANE: Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant constant dread dread knowing that at any time disaster disaster can can strike because: Father knows better.I'd never realized how important daily routine is:dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. I'd never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least least get get get to to to the the the gym, gym, gym, so so so as as to set set apart apart apart the the the weekend weekend weekend from from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend friend and and her ringing laughter laughter is is intolerable intolerable -- -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears.Thought you were safe sharing secrets with Internet friends? Wait for the doorbell...The runway felt different this time. It startled himfor a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate accurate description. description. description. What was What was he he going to do? going to do? He He had never had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the the deepest deepest deepest depths depths depths of his soul, of his soul, he he pictured pictured pictured his his his mother. Why mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Racing Racing the the clock every day is such an exhausting exhausting effort effortthat when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse. Mostly I sink into a chair and stare into space while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I possessed the organizational skills and the energy of my superheroines. In fact, I waste a good deal of my spare time just worrying about what other women are accomplishing in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.Yet superwomen tales continue to charm me. Despite my friend's warning against being taken in, despite everything I've learned, I find that I'm not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned. Why? I suppose it has something to do with the appeal of an optimistic approach to life -- and the fact that extraordinary deeds have been accomplished by determined individuals who refused to believe believe that that "you can't" can't" was was the final word on their dreams. Men have generally been assured that achieving their heart's desires would would be a be a piece of cake. Women, Women, of of of course, course, have always believed that we can't have our cake and eat it too-the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats.1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed the bag from her hand.2) All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees.3) The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father. 4) It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.1. You will find yourself penniless in a month.2. He found himself lying in a hospital ward.3. She found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken.4. Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.1) Obviously what the speaker wanted to emphasize was the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.2) It seems that he is never bothered about what people would think about his behavior.3) The CEO never hesitates to let his employees know what he is planning for the company.4) The scientist will show the audience what a tele-operated robot can do for a family.5)Despite all this she manages to get her act together.1、She herself believed in freedom,so much so that she would rather die than live without it.2、Assuming the proposal is accepted,where are we going to get the money?3、Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employess.4、It It’’s amazing the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.5、Allen Allen should should should have have have known better known better than to lend such such a large a large sum of money to that untrustworthy cousin of his.。

《硕士英语综合教程2》课文翻译

《硕士英语综合教程2》课文翻译

Unit 1成功机构,以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功,绝不落下任何人,这也是成功经营一个企业的典范??”——霍华德·舒尔茨1. 英特尔公司奉行它。

微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。

它是什么?它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。

2.越来越多的例子证明,成功的组织都是以人为本的。

为什么?因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。

竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下,但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。

几乎在所有的行业,那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们,主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。

3. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?我们至少可以列出四条:第一,它们重视文化的多样性。

它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。

第二,它们具有家庭氛围。

公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。

第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。

这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。

这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。

第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。

它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

4. 那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。

因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。

这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作,他们会全力以赴。

我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司:星巴克。

星巴克的卓越成就5. 让你在咖啡中醒来!——星巴克无处不在。

作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商,星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。

这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版

研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版

UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近,我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。

全新版大学英语综合教程-1-Unit2-课文正文电子书及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程-1-Unit2-课文正文电子书及翻译

All the Cabbie Had Was a LetterFoster Furcolo1He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because Ihad to tap on the windshield to get his attention. 出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信福斯特 ?弗克洛他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。

2"Is your cab available?" I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He soundedas if he had a cold or something. 他总算抬头看我了。

“你出车吗?”我问道。

他点点头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说:“对不起,我在读一封信。

”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。

3 "I'm in no hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter." “我不着急,”我对他说,“你接着把信读完吧。

”4 He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." 他摇了摇头。

“我已经读了好几遍了。

我想我都能背出来了。

”5"Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. " At least they do with mebecause I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old,I guessed: "From a child or maybea grandchild?" “家书抵万金啊,”我说。

综合教程第二册Unit1 changes in our lives

综合教程第二册Unit1 changes in our lives
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
Discussion and debate: Whether urban life is
better than rural life? • Half of the students state the advantage of Detailed Reading urban life and disadvantage of rural life. • The other half of the students state the disadvantage of urban life and advantage of rural life • The one who presents more views wins 5 points bonus
Do you agree?
If you are not moving ahead, you’re falling behind. Traditions can be a guide, but not necessarily superior. Better and better ways can be found. Life is in constant change. It’s neither the strongest nor the most intelligent of a species that will survive, it is those who are most adaptable to changes.
Interview
Multiple Choice Answer the Questions

新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统,问这话时一本正经,并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人,而且他们是当真的。

2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。

硕士综合英语教程2Unit1、2、3、4、5 Text A译文

硕士综合英语教程2Unit1、2、3、4、5 Text A译文

硕士综合英语教程2参考译文Unit 1成功机构,以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功,绝不落下任何人,这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。

微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。

它是什么?它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。

2.越来越多的例子证明,成功的组织都是以人为本的。

为什么?因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。

竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下,但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。

几乎在所有的行业,那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们,主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。

3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?我们至少可以列出四条:第一,它们重视文化的多样性。

它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。

第二,它们具有家庭氛围。

公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。

第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。

这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。

这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。

第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。

它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。

因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。

这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作,他们会全力以赴。

我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司:星巴克。

星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来!——星巴克无处不在。

作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商,星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。

这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。

最新新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

最新新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统,问这话时一本正经,并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人,而且他们是当真的。

2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。

新标准大学英语综合教程2第二版unit 1AR1课文原文

新标准大学英语综合教程2第二版unit 1AR1课文原文

College just isn’t special any more1 “If you can remember anything about the 1960s, you weren’t really there,”so the saying goes. It may be true for those who spent their college years in a haze of marijuana smoke. But there is one thing everyone remembers about the 1960s: Going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of your life.2 In the 1960s, California’s colleges and universities had transformed the state into the world’s seventh largest economy. However, Berkeley, the University of California’s main campus, was also well-known for its student demonstrations and strikes, and its atmosphere of political radicalism. When Ronald Reagan ran for office as governor of California in 1966, he asked if Californians would allow “a great university to be brought to its knees by a noisy, dissident minority”. The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made universities great.3 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Much of the protest was about the Vietnam War. But in France, the students of the Sorbonne in Paris managed to form an alliance with the trade unions and to launch a general strike, which ultimately brought about the resignation of President de Gaulle.4 It wasn’t just the activism that characterized student life in the 1960s. Everywhere, going to college meant your first taste of real freedom, of late nights in the dorm or in the Junior Common Room, discussing the meaning of life. You used to have to go to college to read your first forbidden book, see your first indie film, or find someone who shared your passion for Jimi Hendrix or Lenny Bruce. It was a moment of unimaginable freedom, the most liberating in your life.5 But where’s the passion today? What’s the matter with college? These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). Yet college education is no longer a topic of great national importance. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which people are keen to escape. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because it’s too much effort to leave.6 Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which students in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more serious. The British Council has recently done research into the factors which help international students decide where to study. In descending order these are: quality of courses, employment prospects, affordability, personal security issues, lifestyle, and accessibility. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase one’s chances on the employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine,just for a short while, that you can change the world.7 The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world. One of the reasons may be financial. In an uncertain world, many children rely on their parents’support much longer than they used to. Students leaving university in the 21st century simply cannot afford to set up their own home because it’s too expensive. Another possible reason is the communications revolution. Gone are the days when a son or daughter rang home once or twice a term. Today students are umbilically linked to their parents by their cell phones. And as for finding like-minded friends to share a passion for obscure literature or music, well, we have the Internet and chat rooms to help us do that.8 “Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,But to be young was very heaven!”9 Wordsworth may have written these lines about the French Revolution, but they were also true for the students of the 1960s. So why aren't they true for the students of today?。

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上下册Unit原文加翻译

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上下册Unit原文加翻译

上unit1——TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS关键员工的特征1.What exactly is a key player?A“Key Player"is aphrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.I asked a client——a hiring manager involved in a recent search—to define it for me."Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.On my team of seven process engineers and biologists,I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,”he said."Key players are essential to my organization.And when we hire your company to recruit for us,we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that:the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.We recruit only key players.”关键员工到底是什么?在我进行的每一次搜索中,我都会从雇主那里听到“关键员工”这个词。

综合教程2 U1

综合教程2 U1

The 9/11 Terrorist Attack
Al Qaeda committed its most devastating attack on Sep. 11, 2001, when 19 Al Qaeda operatives hijacked 4 passenger planes and drove two into the twin towers of the World Trade Centre and one into the Pentagon; and a fourth plane crashed in rural Pennsylvania. On Tuesday, Sep. 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. New York local time, World Trade one, the north tower, was hit by a hijacked Boeing 767 commercial jet plane, loaded with fuel for a transcontinental flight. World Trade Centre Two, the south tower, was hit by a similar hijacked jet 18 minutes later at 9:03 a.m.
Structural Analysis Text I
We’ve Been Hit
Part I (Para. 1) People’s perception of the WTC
Part II (Para. 2-9) The initial reaction of people inside the WTC when it was hit
In separate but related attacks, the Pentagon building near Washington D.C. was hit by a hijacked 757 at 9:43 a.m., and at 10:10 a.m., a fourth hijacked jetliner crashed in Pennsylvania. The south tower, WTC2, which had been hit second, was the first to suffer a complete structural collapse at 10:05 a.m., 62 minutes after being hit, and 80 minutes after the first impact. The north tower, WTC1, then also collapsed at 10:29 a.m., 104 minutes after being hit. WTC7, a 47-story building, was damaged by the collapsing towers, caught fire, and later in the afternoon aso tatally collapsed.

研究生综合英语2_Unit1

研究生综合英语2_Unit1

研究生综合英语2_Unit1U1 Warm-up 1 Warm-up 2 Warm-up 3 AIFTTR1 AIFTTR2 AIFTTR3.1 AIFTTR3.2 AIFTTR4 AIFTTR5-6 AIFTTR7 AIFTTR8.1 AIFTTR8.2 AIFTTR8.3 AIFTTR8.4 AIFTTR8.5 Text MIOTT1 Introduction to the Author and the article Introduction to the Author and the article2 Part2_T1 Part2_T2 Part2_T3 Part2_T4 Part2_T5 Part2_T6 Part2_T7 Part2_T8 Part2_T9 Part2_T10 Part2_T11 Part2_T12 Part2_TA_Notes1 Part2_TA_Notes2 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions1 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions2 Part2_TA_t1 Part2_TA_t2 Part2_TA_t3 Part2_TA_t4 Part2_TA_t5 Part2_TA_t6 Part2_TA_t7 Part2_though I’m sure… Part2_It invites… Part2_I might be thrown… Part2_It is one … Part2_Here is an area… Part2_Someone utters… Part2_ I didn’t do it.… Part2_The nearest… Part2_carried away… Part2_ I think we make… Part2_I know a man… Part2_ He employs… Part2_I don’t think… Part2_This sort of thing … Part2_ That one… Part2_ But for every… Part2_ It takes a Dorothy… Part2_ I worked … Part2_ the unwritten… Part2_ with immeasurably… Part2_There is no … Part2_ at the bottom… Part2_ a lady of… Part2_ He said … Part2_ Given the… Part2_ the chances … Part2_cope with Part2_blurt out Part2_inarticulate Part2_bestow sth. upon Part2_downright Part2_carry sb. away Part2_well off Part2_get possession of Part2_put one’s mind Part2_come up withPart2_brush sth. off Part2_on the right track Part2_appalled Part2_inept at Part2_fall flat Part2_fall apart Part2_execrable Part2_adroit Part2_poise Part2_etiquette Part2_comport Part2_the chances Part2_TA_exercises1.1 Part2_TA_exercises1.2 Part2_TA_exercises2.1 Part2_TA_exercises2.2 Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exercises4.1 Part2_TA_exercises4.2 Part2_TA_exercises4.3 Part2_TA_exercises4.4 Part2_TA_exercises4.5 Part2_TA_exercises5.1 Part2_TA_exercises5.2 Part2_TA_exercises5.3 Part2_TA_exercises5.4 Part2_TA_exercises6 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop2 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop2 Further Reading Text b1` Text b2 Text b3 Text b4 Text b5 Text b6 Text b7 Text b8 Text b9 Text b10 Text b11 Text b12 Text b13 Text b14 Blaine Smith She can cou nt… who are Christ’s body… It’s to this end that… Most of us have… S_ who gives herself… S_ Christians are not… S_ The body of Christ… S_ Most of us have… MIOFR Idiom Studies 1 Idiom Studies 2 Idiom Studies 3 EX1 EX2 WK_1 WK_2 WK_3 WK_4 WK_5 WK_6 WK_7 WK_8 WK_9 WK_10 WK_11 WK_12 WK_13 WK_14 WK_15 WK_16 WK_17 WK_18 WK_19 WK_20 WK_21 WK_22 WK_23 WK_24 WK_25 WK_26 Additional Work AW_1.1 AW_1.2 AW_1.3 AW_1.4 AW_2.1 AW_2.2 AW_2.3 AW_2.4 AW_2.5 AW_2.6 AW_2.7 AW_2.8 AW_2.9 AW_2.10 AW_3.1 AW_3.2AW_3.3 AW_3.4 AW_3.5 AW_3.6 AW_3.7 AW_4.1 AW_4.2 Writing the IntroductionThe introduction is the first part of an essay, usually the first paragraph.There are many ways to write an introduction, such as beginning with aquestion, or giving background information about the topic, etc ... Thekind of introduction you choose depends on how you want to present thetopic and the type of essay you want to compose. The introduction for mostshort essays is one paragraph and usually consists of three parts:Introduction Lead-in + Connecting information + Thesis statementWriting the Body The body of an essay is the main part. It usuallyconsists of three or four paragraphs and develops the idea advanced inthe thesis statement. The body part of an essay generally follows a planof organization which can be put in the form of an outline. An outlinecan be written in topic or sentence form. If you have written a thoroughtopic outline or sentence outline, you have done much of the work already.Therefore, knowing how to outline is a valuable skill in writing the bodypart of the essay. Learn about the arrangement of a six-leveloutline from the following format. Format of a Six-level Outline I. A.B. 1. 2. a. b. 1 a b 2 II. Here are thesamples of a Sentence Outline and a Topic Outline respectively. For yourbetter understanding, the thesis statement of the essay is given beforethe outline. Writing the Conclusion A successful essay concludes;it doesn’t just end. A good conclusion completes the discussion in the body part, echoing, in independent fashion, the thesis and the supporting ideas. What follows are several guidelines to follow when writing the conclusion: Most importantly, let the readers know that this is the conclusion. Writers mark conclusions with some kind of transition or connectors. Some examples are: in conclusion, from the information given, to summarize, and so on. And sometimes the first sentence of the conclusion rephrases the thesis or main idea of the essay in a way that reflects knowledge of the essay’s content. The conclusion should not open a new subject by raising questions unexplored in the body section or introduce new information in this last part of the essay. There are many different ways to conclude a paper. An effective conclusion can consist of any or some of the following techniques: 1. 2. 3. 4 A response to a question or a solution to a problem raised in the introduction and explored in the body section, or a statement that no final, clear answer or solution exists, thus indicating the complexity of the issue. A quotation, especially one that amplifies the thesis statement or verifies another quotation presented earlier in the introduction. A relevant anecdote, which the reader will be likely to remember and which echoes or resonates with the thesis statement. A pointed rephrasing of the thesis statement and/or supporting claims or assertions, followed by a sentence or two that turns the reader’s thoughts to the implication of the paper.Writing Up an Expository Essay As we mentioned above, an expository essay aims to explain or explore things. And good expository essays often make use of one or some writing techniques such as illustration or example, process writing how to ... , definition, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc. Most importantly, no matter which writing techniques are employed, the emphasis of exposition is on the subject itself. So an expository essay should be as objective as possible. Illustration In the illustration essay, wise selections of sufficient examples are used to illustrate or support the viewpoint of the thesis. The structure follows a certain pattern: in the brief introduction section, the thesis statement is presented as a generalization, a theory, or a point of view. In the body section, each topic sentence presents a main supporting point, using carefully chosen examples to illustrate, explain or prove that point. And in the conclusion section, a brief summary is given to emphasize what the examples illustrate, from which account the viewpoint of the essay becomes clearer or more forceful. Process In this type of essay, the process of doing certain things is explained or described for the readers’ understanding and knowledge. The structure follows a pattern like this: in the introduction section, the process is described briefly and the purpose of the essay is stated clearly. In the body section, the explanation is systematically divided into steps; and these steps areexplained according to the process sequence and include enough details or data. Since the sequence is usually important in this type of essay, sequence words are, therefore, commonly used. Good writers make use of a variety of transitional terms to indicate sequence. Finally in the conclusion section, the value or importance of the process description is highlighted, leaving something substantial in the minds of the readers. Definition In this type of essay, definition is useful when the writer uses abstract, ambiguous or controversial terms with various denotative or connotative meanings or shades of meaning. Since different people can have different understandings abo ut certain terms ― for instance, a discussion of political systems, feelings or wisdom ― abstract terms therefore need to be defined or clarified for accuracy. In fact, a definition essay often illustrates the most essential nature and characteristics of the subject under discussion even as it presents the writer’s own understanding or viewpoint of the matter. It is this expression of the writer’s personal opinion or attitude that gives life to a definition paper and makes it appeal to the readers. Essays of this type follow no set pattern. The definition essay can be either inductive or deductive. The inductive essay begins by using any of the other development methods, and then leads up to a definition of the subject. The deductive essay, in contrast, starts with a definition and then employs other expository patterns of development. In the conclusionsection, the definition is often summarized and emphasized, so that the author’s point of view is reinforced. Comparison and Contrast In this type of essay, you compare or contrast things. The subjects are usually two ideas that are related in some significant way. You can focus on the similarities between the two things, or on the differences, or on both the similarities and the differences. These essays aim to reveal to the readers the strengths and advantages or the weaknesses and disadvantages of the subjects under discussion. The conclusions of such essays do not merely recapitulate or summarize points of contrast. They make sure to address the significance of the comparison and the information gained from the process. Essays based on comparison and contrast can be developed in two ways: 1. 2. Vertical Movement: You can group the main ideas about Subject A in one paragraph or section and the main ideas about Subject B in the next paragraph or section. Horizontal movement: You can treat corresponding ideas on Subject A and Subject B as pairs and compare or contrast them one after the other, in successive paragraphs. In the vertical pattern, you present one single subject and all its points of comparison before you move on to do the same for the second subject. But in the horizontal pattern, you present both subjects under one point of comparison or contrast before moving on to the next point. Whether you choose the ‘vertical’ or the ‘horizontal’ pattern depends on the kind of text you are writing, itspurpose or your own preference. Generally speaking, the vertical patternis sometimes favored because of its relative simplicity, since it developseach subject completely without interruption. The horizontal pattern isfavored sometimes because each paragraph repeatedly reminds the readersof the comparison or contrast relationship; it is therefore more suitablefor longer pieces of writing. Both patterns are commonly used in descriptions involving comparison and contrast. Cause and Effect In this type of essay, the writers discuss the relationship between something that happens and its consequences, or between certain actionsand their results. Cause-effect essays can be informative and insightful. Generally speaking, there are two ways of writing cause-effect essays.The first is called the Focus-on-Cause method, in which the writer focuseson the causes of something. The second is called Focus-on-Effect method,in which the writer emphasizes the effects or results of a cause. Essays that use the Focus-on-Cause method answer the question “Why does something happen?” And essays that us e the Focus-on-Effect method answerthe question “What happens when ...?” Sample Essay (Exposition)Hypocrisy When I was a little girl, my mother told me to wait forthe light to turn green before I crossed the street and to cross alwaysat the corner. This I did. Indeed, I was positive as a very young childthat I would get mashed like a potato if I even so much as stepped a footoff the sidewalk while the light burned red. I followed my mother’s adviceuntil I realized that she herself jaywalked constantly, dodging in and out of moving traff ic ― and pulling me with her. So after a while I followed her example and not her advice. My father told me never to cheat or steal and I remember my intense humiliation the day, only 6 years old, I received a public spanking for swiping three dimes from the windowsill where they had been left by a visiting uncle. Yet my father pushed me under the turnstile to get into the subway and got me into the movies for half fare, way after I was old enough to pay full price. And my mother continually brought home reams of stationery and other supplies lifted from the offices where she worked. Both my parents exacted severe punishment for lying and yet I knew, in time, that they lied to me and to each other and to others when, presumably, they felt the occasion warranted it. And this was just part of the story. But hypocrisy about sex, about race relations, about religion, took me a longer time to see. I was out of high school before that picture began to pull together. Understanding didn’t devastate me because I had begun to absorb the knowledge little by little, through the years. By the time I was 18 or 19 I guess I was both old enough to understand and strong enough to face what I saw. And I could face it because I learned my parents were not unusu al. Most everybody’s parents were the same. And we, my friends and I, did come to take it for granted. Parents were that way. Older people were that way. The word for what we found out about our parents’ generationwas hypocrisy. And most of us accepted it as part of life ― as the waythings were. ― Lynn Minton, “Double Vision” Additional Work I.Idiom Studies III. Reading Appreciation II. Vocabulary Expansion IV.Translation of Proverbs Choose a suitable idiom from the listgiven below to fill in each blank in the following sentences. Make changeswhen necessary. I. Idiom Studies a dog in the manger let the cat out ofthe bag swan song fish in troubled waters the only fly in the ointmentcry crocodile tears a sitting duck a white elephant talk turkey buy a pigin a poke 1. 2. 3. 4. All the tickets have been sold for the elderlysinger’s performance in London this week ― the public clearly believethat this will be her . The young couple enjoyedtheir holiday in Paris very much; was the bad weather ― it rained nearly every day. The car we bought lastyear is a ; it uses a lot of petrol andbreaks down again and again. He’sreally ― even though he doesn’thave a car he won’t let anyone else use his empty garage. swan song_________ the only fly in the ointment ______________________ a whiteelephant ______________ a dog in the manger ________________ 4. 5.“If you compliment someone, they’ll assume you love them only for their achievement; this will cause them to feel under unfair pressure to liveup to your expectations.” Some feel that this is a reason not to verballyaffirm their children. If you commend Johnny for getting an A in math, it’s feared, he’ll associate your love with getting good grades. He’ll then feel insecure if he doesn’t produce top marks in the future. “Compliments don’t need to be verbalized.” Others will know you appreciate them simply by your actions. At most, an occasional or veiled compliment is all that should be needed to keep someone feeling affirmed. Firmly Affirmed There is certainly an element of truth to each of these objections. We each are expected to do our duty whe ther we’re praised for it or not. There are times when compliments amount to flattery or adulation that should only be directed to God. Too 6. “Praise is due to God alone.” To compliment someone is to give them commendation that God alone deserves. Since no one can achieve anything worthwhile apart from God’s help, we dishonor him by praising someone for their accomplishment. We imply that they achieved success by their own effort rather than by God’s grace. much praise may cause another’s ego to swell, or lead them to think that they now have to live up to certain expectations that we have. Yet to adopt a philosophy of never complimenting others, or doing so only sparingly, because of any of these reasons, is to take the truth to an unfortunate extreme. It’s to ignore that fact that God has created us humans with a substantial and ongoing need for affirmation. An important part of how we experience his grace and commendation is through encouragement from people ― particularly from other Christians,who are Christ’s body on this earth. It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one another in showing honor.” Thisis the only place in the New Testament where we’re told to strive to outdoeach other in some way! Paul’s point is that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments. Thebody of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. For this to occur, though, compliments need to be verbalized. It’s not enough to assume that others know we appreciate themeven though we don’t say as much in words. I remember a long seminar Ionce gave where the sponsor afterwards merely thanked me but had nothing affirming to say to me about the weekend. I assumed from his silence thathe must have taken offense at something I’d said, or that he didn’t thinkmy teaching had been effective. It was only several years later that Ifound the event had been an important turning point in his life: it simply wasn’t his nature to express compliments outwardly. Most of ushave enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume othersare disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. For most of us, too, it’s not enough for compliments mer ely to be occasional. Charlie Shedd has likened our need for affirmation to a tirewith a slow leak, which though pumped up at night must be blown up againthe next day. His point is that yesterday’s compliments don’t sufficefor today. We have an ongoing need for affirmation, and initialcompliments need to be followed up with reminders. Giving Others CreditThat They Can Handle But what about the objection that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them fortheir achievemen t? Here I believe we have to give people credit ― evensmall children ― that they can discern whether our love is merely tiedto what we’re commending them for, or that we’re complimenting them because we love them and want them to feel encouraged. If the latter is true, then we shouldn’t fear that our praise will make them think theyhave to act a certain way in order to merit our love. It’s more likelythat our affirmation will have a freeing effect on them: they’ll be relieved to know they don’t have to strive endlessly and futilely to achieve our praise. Consider those intriguing instances in the Gospels where Jesus commends individuals for their faith ― telling someone he healed, for instance, that their faith had made them well. He actually paid these people a profound compliment by affirming their faith. Take the example of the woman with the hemorrhage, who was healed after pressing through a huge crowd and touching Jesus’ robe Mark 5:2434 .Jesus did her an extraordinary service merely by healing her. While sheowed him plenty of praise, he didn’t owe her any compliment at all. Iteven would have been appropriate for him to say, “The power of God has healed you, even though you were unworthy of receiving it.” Yet instead,he declared to her ― in front of all those standing around them ―“Your faith has healed you” Mark 5:34 . In effect, I believe he was saying, “Your confidence in God, and your tenacity in persisting to find an answer to your problem in spite of so many setbacks, have played a vital role in your healing. You are to be congratulated!” I’m certain that Jesus’ affirming the faith of sick people who sought his help often had as great a healing effect on them as the actual physical cures that he brought. Yes, there is risk involved in giving compliments. Yet usually the risk is greater in refraining, since we may lose a golden opportunity for extending the love of Christ to someone who needs it. I might add that the loss is not only to others spiritual and emotional health but to our own, for some of the greatest joy we can know as Christians comes from the experience of affirming others. I can’t help but wonder if this was part of what Jess had in mind when he said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” Notes to Further Reading Blaine Smith: a missionary that serves in American Presbyterian Church and author for The Optimism Factor: Outrageous Faith Against the Odds 1994 , Overcoming Shyness 1993 , Knowing God’s Will: Biblical Principles of Guidance 1979 , Should I Get Married 1990 She can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times the supervisor of the small social service agency where she works has given her a genuine compliment: She finds her supervisor seldom compliments her on her work. Since a hand has only five fingers, this means her supervisor has complimented her fewer than fivetimes. Usually this expression is used to complain about ill treatment, neglect, or abuse by another person. Notes to Further Reading who are Christ’s bod y on this earth: Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the incarnation of God, walking on earth. By extension, all Christian believers on earth are God-like. Notes to Further Reading It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one anothe r in showing honor”: It Is for this reason Paul in New Testament chapter “Romans” verse 12:10 tells his audience to compete with and outdo each other in performing Christian acts of respect and kindness to each other. Paul was an intelligent and popular di sciple of Christ’s teachings. Notes to Further Reading Most of us have enough critical self-talk: Most people are very self-critical. Notes to Further Reading Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences ... who gives herself relentlessly to the needs of others. who tries her best to serve the needs of others Christians are not to stoop to flattery. Christians should not debase themselves to receive flattery. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences The body of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. The body of Christ should be very willing to give others affirmation. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Most of us have enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume others are disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. Most of us are so self-critical that we may think others are disappointed in what we’ve done if they don’tsay clearly that they really appreciate our work. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Main Idea of Further Reading In Further Reading, BlaineSmith urges us to give people enough affirmation for what they have doneas every one has a need for verbal compliments. He explores the reasonswhy some people refrain from giving compliments. Finally he cites fromthe Bible to show that as Christians some of the greatest joy comes fromthe experience of affirming others. Idiom studies 1. a dog in the manger a person who prevents others from enjoying something he does notuse or need 占马槽的狗;占着茅坑不拉屎的人 2. shed/cry crocodiletears shed false tears, show phony sadness 流鳄鱼的眼泪;猫哭耗子假慈悲 3. let the cat out of the bag reveal a secret carelesslyor by mistake 泄露秘密,露马脚 4. a sitting duck a person whois an easy target or easily attacked 容易击中的目标;易受攻击的人 5.swan song a farewell or final appearance, action, or work; the beautiful legendary song sung only once by a swan in its lifetime,as it is dying from the belief that the swan sings as it dies 绝唱;告别演出;最后的作品 6. white elephant a possession that is useless and often expensive to maintain 用而不值得保留的东西;大而无用的东西 7. fish in troubled waters: try to gain advantage for oneself from a disturbed state of affairs 浑水摸鱼 8. talk turkey talk frankly and bluntly 坦率地交谈 9. the only fly in the ointment a person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation 令人扫兴的人(或事);唯一美中不足之处 10. buy a pig in a poke buy sth. without seeing it or knowing if it is satisfactory 隔山买老牛;(未曾过目或不分好坏地)乱买东西Exercises I. Comprehension Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Is Sandra happy about her job? What is her problem? What are the reasons listed for not giving compliments? What does the author say to dismiss the first reason for never complimenting others as unwarranted? What does the author say about the reason that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them for their achievement? What, according to the author, is the risk of refraining from complimenting other people? II. Topics for Discussion 1.2. 3. The writer lists six reasons for not giving compliments. To what extent do you find them warranted or unwarranted? To what extent do you share Paul’s point that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments? There is, according to the author, a fear in some people that compliments might amount to flattery. How do you strike a balance between compliments and flattery? Essay Writing: Overview The papers that you write in most college courses are essays ― nonfiction compositions in which a limited topic is analyzed or interpreted. An essay shows the writer’s personal view or subjective understanding of a topic. Unlike a journalism article, which objectively reports an event, or a lab report, which precisely details an experiment, an essay offers the writer’s view from his/her personalangle. As a successful essay is usually developed through a process of several important steps or stages of writing, in this unit we are first going to present you with an overview of essay writing and then will set about introducing the steps in the writing process in chronological order. Types of Essays An essay is a short collection of paragraphs that presents facts, opinions, and ideas on a certain topic. There is always a purpose in an essay: to inform, to entertain, to instruct, to inspire, or to persuade. And these purposes may overlap sometimes. Since the topics of essays vary a great deal, there are many different ways to write essays. The method that a writer chooses is based on the topic of the essay and the kind of essay that he or she believes will present that topic in the best way. Depending on the topic, the purpose and the audience, essays are generally divided into four types: narrative, descriptive, argumentative, and expository. Narrative: Descriptive: Expository: Argumentative: A narrative essay tells a story by relating a sequence of events. A descriptive essay uses details and images to depict a scene, an event, a person, an object, or an atmosphere. An expository essay informs, explains, or analyzes and gives the readers information to help them understand the world. An argumentative essay attempts to persuadea reader to take some action or to convince a reader to accept your position on a debatable issue. However, the boundaries among these four types of essays are not always strict or rigid. And it’s very possiblethat a good writer will use more than one kind of writing in an essay. For example, you might use a descriptive or a short narrative passage in an argumentative essay. Development Strategies for Essays As an essay is composed of multiple paragraphs, the same paragraph development strategies can be adopted within one essay, such as paragraph developing through examples and details, comparison and contrast, analogy, classification, cause and effect, definition, and/or process. In fact, a combination of these strategies is often used within a single essay. Moreover, the principles of paragraph writing apply equally to essay writing. Just as a paragraph has a topic sentence that expresses its main idea, an essay has a thesis statement that states and narrows the writer’s purpose. Also like a paragraph, an essay should be unified and coherent, with every part clearly related to the idea expressed in the thesis statement. And both paragraphs and essays require thorough supporting details and/or explanations to fulfill their purposes. Structure of an Essay A typical assigned college essay is between 500 and 750 words. However, no matter what the length of an essay is, it always follows a general pattern that includes three basic parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The introduction presents the thesis statement, usually at the end of the paragraph. The purpose of the introduction is to arouse the reader’s interest and establish or define the territory the essay will cover. The body is made up of several paragraphs, each。

研究生英语综合教程下1-2-6单元课文原文和翻译

研究生英语综合教程下1-2-6单元课文原文和翻译

研究生英语综合教程下1-2-6单元课文原文和翻译The Hidden Side of Happiness1、Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, white-water rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。

但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。

”2、We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课文背诵段落原文及翻译1-5单元完整版.doc

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课文背诵段落原文及翻译1-5单元完整版.doc

Unit112 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说,我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。

我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。

中国老师担心,如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺,就有可能一辈子掌握不了;另一方面,他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。

美国教育工作者则担心,除非从一开始就发展创造力,不然创造力就有可能永不再现;而另一方面,技艺可于日后获得。

13 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).但我并不想夸大其辞。

全新版大学英语综合教程-1-Unit2-课文注释电子书及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程-1-Unit2-课文注释电子书及翻译

All the Cabbie Had Was a LetterFoster Furcolo1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention. 出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信福斯特?弗克洛他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。

2 "Is your cab available?" I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something. 他总算抬头看我了。

“你出车吗?”我问道。

他点点头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说:“对不起,我在读一封信。

”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。

3 "I'm in no hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter." “我不着急,”我对他说,“你接着把信读完吧。

”4 He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." 他摇了摇头。

“我已经读了好几遍了。

我想我都能背出来了。

”5 "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. " At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?" “家书抵万金啊,”我说。

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Unit 11 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s emp loyees are its only true competitive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.(Para. 2b) But what’s far more difficult to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.(Para. 3a) What kind of practices differentiate people-first organizations? We can list at least four: (1) They value cultural diversity. They actively seek a diverse workforce based on age, gender, and race. (2) They are family friendly. They help employees balance work and personal responsibilities through programs such as flexible work schedules and on-site child care facilities. (Para. 3b) (3) They invest in employee training. These organizations spend heavily to make sure employee skill levels are kept current. This not only ensures that employees can handle the latest technologies and processes for the organization but that employees will be marketable to other employers. (4) People-first organizations empower their employees. They push authority and responsibility down to the lowest levels.(Para. 4) Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. This, in turn, translates into higher employee productivity and satisfaction. These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort —to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely. Let’s take a look at one of those successful organizations that pursue “people-first” strategies: Starbucks. (Para. 5a) Wake up and smell the coffee —Starbucks is everywhere. The world’s number one specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks operates and licenses more than 8,000 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. The shops offer a variety of coffee drinks and food items as well as coffee and coffee accessories.(Para. 5b) Starbucks operates more than 4,700 of its shops in five countries, while licensees operate more than 2,800 units. In addition, Starbucks markets its coffee through grocery stores and licenses its brand for other food and beverage products.(Para. 6) From its modest beginnings in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company’s reach today extends across the U.S. to Canada, Europe, Asia, and beyond, bringing the Starbucks coffee experience to the customer almost anywhere.(Para. 7a) Centra l to the company’s growth and success has been a constant dedication to offering Starbucks customers the highest quality products. While the company’s success was built upon the core product, coffee, Starbucks has become much more than coffee.(Para. 7b) It is a total coffee experience which encompasses everything from the decor of the retail locations and the music played within to the attitude of the Starbucks employees (known as “partners”), and even to the company’s desire to give back to the communities it serves.(Para. 8a) Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who havehelped drive the success of the company.But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition.(Para. 8b) Schultz joi ned the company in 1982, more than a decade after the company’s first retail bean store opened in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As director of retail operations and marketing he was influential in the move to provide Starbucks coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars throughout Seattle.(Para. 9a) A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.(Para. 9b) However, the overwhelming success of the espresso bar concept led Schultz to found Il Giornale, an espresso bar which offered brewed coffee and espresso beverages made using Starbucks coffee beans. A few months later, the continued success of the Il Giornale concept led to Il Giornale acquiring the assets of Starbucks in 1987 with the backing of local investors. The new company changed its name to Starbucks Corporation.(Para. 10) At that time, Starbucks operated 17 stores and had begun to expand beyond Seattle to cities such as Chicago and Vancouver. For the next decade and beyond, the company experienced tremendous growth bringing specialty coffee to the everyday consumer, and in the process helped create and define the specialty coffee industry.(Para. 11) While the success of the company often is attributed to the persistence and vision of the company’s current CEO, Howard Schultz, it is also the employees, from management down to store level, who are at the heart of the company’s success(Para. 12) At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high andcompetence or enthusiasm is waning. “When we first started our business, our attitude from the beginning was that the employees on the front line really have the most to do with our success,” said John Richards, Starbucks president, retail North America. (Para. 13) The challenges of a retail and foodservice environment have been overcome through a strong employee base. “We’re fortunate that the turnover of managers and hourly employees is probably one of the best in the industry,” explained Richards.(Para. 14) Richards takes this employee loyalty as a compliment, but attributes it to the company’s dedication to each employee’s needs. Investment in “partners” has helped build their loyalty to the company, to coffee, to customer service, and to each other.(Para. 15) The heart of the Starbucks experience begins with employee training. For retail partners, the training program focuses on coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service, and interpersonal skills —all necessary to understand the product they provide to customers on a daily basis in order to create the Starbucks experience.(Para. 16) New store-level partners are welcomed into the Starbucks community with a week-long indoctrination into the cultural aspects of the company. The technical aspects of the job — those that relate to beverage preparation, for instance — are covered. From there, it is the manager’s responsibility to follow up with in-store modules for ongoing training in specific areas.(Para. 17a) All full-and part-time partners who work at least 20 hours a week are offered a full slate of generous benefits. Among the benefits are full health and dental coverage,vacation, and participation in the company-wide stock option plan called Bean Stock. (Para. 17b) Loyalty and a sense of belonging are further emphasized in open forums where employees, regardless of position, are encouraged to bring their suggestions or concerns to the attention of corporate management. Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.(Para. 18a) Since most partners are also owners, they are very interested in getting access to company information. To accommodate this desire, senior management conducts quarterly open forums in the company’s different sales regions. Partners are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with senior management at these forums.(Para. 18b) Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. Starbucks is also taking advantage of videos and teleconferencing to reach out to its partners.(Para. 19a) Being on the front line requires communication, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communication with customers.“Starbucks partners are alwayson the go. Customer flow is quite steady, and they have to perform tasks requiring a bit of knowledge,” Richards explained(Para. 19b) “Because of the way the service line is set up, partners mustinteract with each other to complete a task, creating a sense of teamwork. Customers shift from station to station,coming into contact with several employees during one transaction. Therefore, communication is an essential part of our success.(Para. 19c) The positive customer experience is based on the communication between partners and their customers.” Human interaction is essential and constant in the Starbucks environment and Richards believes that this constant interaction is the reason employees don’t get bored with their job. “They’re always challenged,” he said.(Para. 20) Starbucks also uses self-managed work teams at its coffee bean roasting plants. Although plant managers and supervisors are responsible for the initial organization of the teams, partners are encouraged to take over the day-to-day workings of the teams including decision-making. Cross-functional teams of partners and supervisors are used to make hiring decisions.(Para. 21) Starbucks is a living model of employee learning, ownership, involvement, and communication. The result is a superior product, coupled with customer service that is truly caring and responsive. The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net incomeskyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.(Para. 22) All in all, Starbucks offers an amazingly diverse range of opportunities and benefits to its partners. It’s little wonder that new stores continue to openat the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.。

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