法律常用术语分类中英对照

法律常用术语【（一）、法令】

rule 条例

law 法律

criminal law 刑法

interpret 解释（法律）

the legislature 立法机构

the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】

the judge 法官

the lawyer律师（总称）

the jury陪审团

the juror陪审团成员

the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；

the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人

the injured party/victim 被害人

witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者

the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人

the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】

【案件种类】

case 案件

crime - criminal adj.

a criminal case 刑事案件

a civil case 民事案件

【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】

guilt n. [Antonym] innocence

guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent

guilty of a crime/charge

innocent of a crime/charge

commit a crime

violate a criminal law

murder 谋杀罪

first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪

sexual harassment 性骚扰

malfeasance 渎职罪

criminal: n. 罪犯

a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law

a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes

stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺

to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body

stab someone to death 刺死

flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀

mug v. =rob抢劫

to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions

【（四）、程序】

【逮捕】

arrest

pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car

【调查】

investigation

conduct a criminal investigation into

criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of law

cross-examination

【诉讼】

find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guilty

to be charged with/to be accused of

to accuse sb. of certain crime

charge v.

to charge sb. with certain crime

be charged with (doing) sth

e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.

prosecute -prosecution n.

to prosecute sb. for sth.

face prosecution over

to bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼

escape prosecution

criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime

claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】

a criminal court 刑事法庭,

e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.

a civil court 民事法庭

children’s court 少年法庭

The Supreme Court 最高法院

【监督】

supervise监督

【作证】

to testify v.作证

to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law

testify for/against someone

testimony证词