宾语从句语法讲解及专题训

第17讲宾语从句

高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是：掌握宾语从句的基本用法

1. 掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。

2.掌握宾语从句的语序。

3.掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。

4.掌握由it作形式宾语的宾语从句。

宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，从句放在主句谓语动词（及物动词），介词或某些形容词之后，前后不用逗号分开。如

I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.

She was interested in what I said.

二、宾语从句的引导词

1、由连词that 引导的述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, hope, see, believe, expect, hear 等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

He says (that) his father is a boss.

注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary that we should learn English well.

2、由连词if、whether 引导的宾语从句表示“是否……”。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.

当whether与or not连用时whether不可换用if。在介词后面只能用whether，不能用if。在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。

He doesn't know whether to stay or not.

3、由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

Do you know which film they are talking about? (which在从句中做定语)

I don’t know where he lives. (where在从句中做地点状语)

三、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句属于名词性从句，它的语序必须是述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

如：I believe that they will come soon.

He asked me whether I was a teacher.

They wanted to know what they can do for us.

四、宾语从句的时态。

宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，从句根据实际情况而定。

主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

如：She says that she is a student.

She said that she was a student.

She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.

She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

She says that she has finished her homework already.

She said that she had finished her homework already.

注意事项：如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

He told me that Japan is an island country.

Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。

如：Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?

五．其他常见用法

否定转移问题在think，believe，suppose，consider等动词所跟的宾语从句中，如果从句表示的是否定意义，一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上，而将从句变为肯定形式。如：I’m sorry , but I don’t think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。

I don’t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。

例1（2008年，）

He asked me ______ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.

A. that

B. if

C. how

D. what

[解析]考查宾语从句引导词。根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除选项A；宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分，故本题应选B。

例2（2008年，）

—Do you know ____?

—Sorry, I don't know.

A. where does Jimmy work

B. where Jimmy works

C. how does Jimmy go to work

D. what does Jimmy do

[解析] 考查述句语序。A、C、D用的是疑问句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。

例3（2008年，）

—Do you know ____ for Shanghai last night?

—At 9:00.

A. what time he leaves

B. what time does he leave

C. what time he left

D. what time did he leave

[解析] 考查述句语序和时态。根据语序，可以排除选项B和D，从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，故本题的正确答案是C。

例4（2009年，平湖）

I think _____ best that you should stay here.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. what

[解析] 考查it引导的形式宾语。that后面引导的是宾语从句，it 起形式宾语的作用，this, that,